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Singh E, Banerjee R. In vivo efficacy & phantom imaging connote the theranostic potential of a drug-loaded lipid nanobubble. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao CY, Jiang YX, Li JC, Xu ZH, Zhang Q, Su N, Yang M. Role of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Inflammatory Arthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1722-1730. [PMID: 28685724 PMCID: PMC5520561 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.209885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a well-established imaging modality which has been put into clinical use in recent years with the development of second-generation contrast agent and imaging devices, and its applications in the assessment of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, have provoked abundant discussion and researches among radiologists and rheumatologists. To summarize the achievements of clinical studies on CEUS in the application of arthritis, and to keep up with the latest progresses of the imaging technique, we reviewed the literature in recent years, hoping to establish the role of CEUS in joint diseases. Data Sources: PubMed and EMBASE. Study Selection: We searched the database with the conditions “contrast-enhanced ultrasound AND arthritis” with the time limitation of recent 10 years. Clinical studies applying CEUS in inflammatory arthritis and review articles about development of CEUS in joint diseases in English were selected. Results: As it is proved by most studies in recent years, by delineating microvasculature within the inflamed joints, CEUS can indicate early arthritis with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the imaging of CEUS has been proved to be consistent with histopathological changes of inflammatory arthritis. Quantitative analysis of CEUS permits further evaluation of disease activity. CEUS also plays a significant role in the therapeutic monitoring of the disease, which has been backed up by a number of studies. Conclusions: CEUS may be a new choice for the rheumatologists to evaluate inflammatory arthritis, because of its low price, ability to provide dynamic pictures, and high sensitivity to angiogenesis. It can also be applied in disease classification and therapeutic monitoring. More studies about CEUS need to be done to set up the diagnostic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Chu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Rothschild BM. Nondestructive, Epi-Illumination Surface Microscopic Characterization of Surface Discontinuity in Bone: A New Approach Offers a Descriptive Vocabulary and New Insights. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:580-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Rothschild
- Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Northeast Ohio Medical University; Rootstown Ohio
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Zhang LY, Ogdie AR, Schumacher HR. Light and electron microscopic features of synovium in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2012; 36:207-18. [PMID: 22849522 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2011.651523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few ultrastructural studies have been reported in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The authors report a series of synovial biopsies with emphasis on patients with early disease to look for distinctive light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) features of possible importance. METHODS The authors examined synovial biopsies obtained primarily by needle biopsy from 13 PsA patients using LM and/or EM. Sections from 12 patients were evaluated by LM for vascularity, synovial lining thickness, fibrin deposition, and inflammation via a semi-quantitative scale. Nine EM specimens were descriptively analyzed. Clinical, synovial fluid (SF), and radiographic characteristics were recorded. RESULTS Patients were mostly male, with mean disease duration before biopsy of 2.19 ± 2.60 years; 7 patients had arthritis for less than 1 year. All patients had peripheral arthritis, 2 had axial involvement. SFs disclosed predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LM demonstrated proliferation of synovial lining cells, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, as well as dramatic clusters of small vessels in the superficial synovium. EMs showed more detailed vascular changes, including small, subendothelial, electron-dense deposits and scattered microparticles in vessel lumens and walls. CONCLUSIONS Prominent vascularity is confirmed as an important feature of some PsA. Vascular changes and other features, including the first EM demonstration of microparticles in PsA (identified as potent factors in other inflammatory joint diseases), are potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yun Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Thabet MM, Huizinga TW. Dapsone, penicillamine, thalidomide, bucillamine, and the tetracyclines. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Page CE, Smale S, Carty SM, Amos N, Lauder SN, Goodfellow RM, Richards PJ, Jones SA, Topley N, Williams AS. Interferon-gamma inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase production by synovial fibroblasts and protects articular cartilage in early arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R49. [PMID: 20307272 PMCID: PMC2888198 DOI: 10.1186/ar2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first few months after symptom onset represents a pathologically distinct phase in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We used relevant experimental models to define the pathological role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) during early inflammatory arthritis. Methods We studied IFN-γ's capacity to modulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced degenerative responses using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), a bovine articular cartilage explant (BACE)/RA-FLS co-culture model and an experimental inflammatory arthritis model (murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA)). Results IFN-γ modulated IL-1β driven matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) synthesis resulting in the down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3 production in vitro. IFN-γ did not affect IL-1β induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) production by RA FLS but skewed the MMP/TIMP-1 balance sufficiently to attenuate glycosaminoglycan-depletion in our BACE model. IFN-γ reduced IL-1β expression in the arthritic joint and prevented cartilage degeneration on Day 3 of AIA. Conclusions Early therapeutic intervention with IFN-γ may be critical to orchestrate tissue-protective responses during inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Page
- Section of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, UK
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Raza K, Filer A. Predicting the development of RA in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2009; 23:25-36. [PMID: 19233043 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rapidity with which bone and cartilage damage occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the increasing body of evidence for the effectiveness of early intervention in RA, mean that there is a great need for approaches to accurately predict the development of RA in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis. We will review developments in the prediction of outcome on the basis of clinical and laboratory features, including measures of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibody status. Although accurate predictions are possible in the majority of patients using recently developed predictive algorithms which utilize clinical and serological variables, there remains a group of patients for whom it is very difficult to predict the development of RA. The utility of new strategies for prediction will be discussed, including recently discovered genetic associations of RA, an assessment of material from the primary site of pathology (the joint), and assessment using the highly sensitive imaging modalities of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Pessler F, Dai L, Diaz-Torne C, Ogdie A, Gomez-Vaquero C, Paessler ME, Einhorn E, Chen LX, Schumacher HR. Increased angiogenesis and cellular proliferation as hallmarks of the synovium in chronic septic arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:1137-46. [PMID: 18668606 DOI: 10.1002/art.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize histologic alterations and inflammatory infiltrates in the synovium of patients with chronic septic arthritis (SeA). METHODS Synovial membranes from patients with SeA (9 specimens; disease duration >4 weeks) were compared with specimens from patients with septic joint prosthesis loosening (septic total arthroplasty [SeTA]; 9 specimens), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 25 specimens), osteoarthritis (25 specimens), and normal histology (10 specimens). Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, tissue gram stain, and immunostains for von Willebrand factor (vWF; blood vessels), Ki-67 (dividing cells), CD15 (neutrophils), CD3 (T cells), CD20 (B cells), CD38 (plasma cells), and CD68 (macrophages). RESULTS Gram stains were positive in all SeA and SeTA specimens. Mixed polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltrates predominated in SeA and SeTA. SeA could be differentiated from RA by higher densities of CD15+ cells (SeA:RA ratio 6.5:1; P < 0.001) or Ki-67+ cells (ratio 2.1:1; P = 0.012). The inflammatory infiltrate of SeTA was similar to SeA but contained fewer CD3+ cells (SeTA versus SeA 0.26:1; P = 0.009) and a tendency toward fewer CD20+ cells. Mean vascular density was strikingly increased in SeA (SeA:normal ratio 3.0:1; P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, in the vascularized areas of the SeTA specimens (SeTA:normal ratio 1.9:1). Ki-67/CD31 double immunostains demonstrated proliferating endothelial cells in small subintimal blood vessels, suggesting angiogenesis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified higher densities of CD15+ and Ki-67+ cells and vWF-positive vessels as histologic markers that differentiated SeA from RA. CONCLUSION This first analysis of the synovium in patients with chronic pyogenic arthritis identified dramatic neovascularization and cell proliferation, accompanied by persistent bacterial colonization and heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrates rich in CD15+ neutrophils, as histopathologic hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pessler
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Khong TL, Larsen H, Raatz Y, Paleolog E. Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in arthritis: learning the lessons of the colorectal cancer experience. Angiogenesis 2007; 10:243-58. [PMID: 17805984 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-007-9081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The idea of a therapeutic modality aimed at 'starving' a tissue of blood vessels, and consequentially of oxygen and nutrients, was born from the concept that blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) is central to the progression and maintenance of diseases which involve tissue expansion/invasion. In the first instance, solid malignancies were the target for anti-angiogenic treatments, with colorectal cancer being the first disease for which an angiogenesis inhibitor--anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab--was approved in 2004. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has lead to many parallels being drawn between this chronic inflammatory disease and solid tumours, in that both involve tissue expansion, invasion, expression of cytokines and growth factors and areas of hypoxia/hypoperfusion. As a result, angiogenesis blockade has been touted as a possible treatment for RA. The lessons learnt during the progression of eventually successful therapies such as bevacizumab should undoubtedly guide us in the future development of comparable treatments for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Loon Khong
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Arthritis Research Campaign Building, 1 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is common and leads to joint damage due to persistent synovitis. The persistence of inflammation is maintained by hyperplastic stromal tissue, which drives the accumulation of leukocytes in the synovium. Aggressive treatment after the first 3-4 months of symptoms, with either disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy, reduces the rate of disease progression. However, it rarely switches off disease such that remission can be maintained without the continued need for immunosuppressive therapy. There is increasing evidence that the first few months after symptom onset represent a pathologically distinct phase of disease. This very early phase may translate into a therapeutic window of opportunity during which it may be possible to permanently switch off the disease process. The rationale for, and approaches to, treatment within this very early window are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Kikuchi H, Isshi K, Hirohata S. Inhibitory effects of bucillamine on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:119-26. [PMID: 14975366 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2003] [Revised: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bucillamine (BUC) has been found to have beneficial effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the activation of endothelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis. The current studies examined the effect of BUC and its intramolecular disulfide form (BUC-ID) on the expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). HUVEC (4 x 10(4)/well) were incubated with medium M199 containing heparin and 20% FCS with endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) for 24 h in the presence or absence of BUC or BUC-ID, after which the culture medium was replaced with ECGS free medium. Then the cultures were further carried out for additional 24 h with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of BUC or BUC-ID. BUC-ID, but not BUC, appeared to suppress the expression of VCAM-1 on HUVEC stimulated with TNF-alpha in a dose-response manner at its pharmacologically relevant concentrations (0.3-3.0 microg/ml), whereas only the 3 microg/ml concentration level of BUC-ID had a statistically significant effect, although the effect was relatively small. By contrast, lower concentrations of BUC-ID (1-3 microg/ml) suppressed the secretion of soluble VCAM-1 by HUVEC much more effectively. Of note, at the concentration of 3 microg/ml neither BUC nor BUC-ID significantly influenced the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin on TNF-alpha stimulated HUVEC. These results indicate that BUC-ID, but not BUC, specifically downregulates the surface expression of VCAM-1 as well as the release of soluble VCAM-1 by HUVEC stimulated with TNF-alpha. BUC-ID suppressed the production of solubleVCAM-1 by RA bone marrow CD34+ cells stimulated with SCF, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha more effectively than BUC. The data thus suggest that one of the mechanisms of action of BUC involves the inhibition of the activation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Abstract
Various integrin antagonist candidates including antibodies, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics, and non-peptides have been clinically evaluated and shown to successfully modulate certain disease processes. This review will focus on the key role of the alphav integrin (alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5) in vascular disorders such as restenosis and angiogenesis-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker A Mousa
- Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York 12208-3942, USA.
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Hitchon C, Wong K, Ma G, Reed J, Lyttle D, El-Gabalawy H. Hypoxia-induced production of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12) and vascular endothelial growth factor by synovial fibroblasts. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:2587-97. [PMID: 12384916 DOI: 10.1002/art.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; or, CXCL12) is a potent chemotactic and angiogenic factor that has been proposed to play a role in the recruitment of lymphocytes into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. We tested the hypothesis that synovial SDF-1 expression is regulated by cytokine and hypoxic stimulation, the latter being mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha). These factors regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), itself an important angiogenic mediator. METHODS RA and osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts and whole tissue explants were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic (1% O(2)) conditions for up to 72 hours in the presence or absence of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). Expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and SDF-1 was detected in synovial tissue and cells by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. VEGF and SDF-1 expression by cultured synovial fibroblasts was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and SDF-1 in RA synovium. Patchy expression of HIF-1alpha was detected primarily in the synovial lining and sublining areas; expression in synovial fibroblasts and in the lining cells of whole synovial tissue explants was markedly augmented by hypoxic culture conditions. Hypoxia enhanced the expression of VEGF and SDF-1 messenger RNA in synovial fibroblasts. The production of VEGF and SDF-1 protein by synovial fibroblasts was augmented by 50% and 132%, respectively, after 24 hours of hypoxia. VEGF production was potently induced by TGFbeta, and to a lesser extent by IL-1beta and TNF, and was further augmented by hypoxia. In contrast, none of the tested cytokines induced SDF-1 production. CONCLUSION As with VEGF, SDF-1 expression is induced by hypoxia; however, cytokines induce VEGF but not SDF-1. Hypoxic conditions in RA synovium, which are likely to be transient and episodic, may contribute to the persistence of synovitis by inducing VEGF and SDF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Hitchon
- Rheumatic Disease Research Laboratory, University of Manitoba, 800 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1M4
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Fritsch R, Eselböck D, Skriner K, Jahn-Schmid B, Scheinecker C, Bohle B, Tohidast-Akrad M, Hayer S, Neumüller J, Pinol-Roma S, Smolen JS, Steiner G. Characterization of autoreactive T cells to the autoantigens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (RA33) and filaggrin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:1068-76. [PMID: 12097415 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of autoimmune reactions in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly understood. To address this issue we have investigated the spontaneous T cell response to two well-characterized humoral autoantigens in RA patients and controls: 1) the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, i.e., the RA33 Ag (A2/RA33), and 2) filaggrin in unmodified and citrullinated forms. In stimulation assays A2/RA33 induced proliferative responses in PBMC of almost 60% of the RA patients but in only 20% of the controls (patients with osteoarthritis or psoriatic arthritis and healthy individuals), with substantially stronger responses in RA patients (p < 0.00002). Furthermore, synovial T cells of seven RA patients investigated were also clearly responsive. In contrast, responses to filaggrin were rarely observed and did not differ between RA patients and controls. Analysis of A2/RA33-induced cytokine secretion revealed high IFN-gamma and low IL-4 production in both RA and control PBMC, whereas IL-2 production was mainly observed in RA PBMC (p < 0.03). Moreover, A2/RA33-specific T cell clones from RA patients showed a strong Th1 phenotype and secreted higher amounts of IFN-gamma than Th1 clones from controls (p < 0.04). Inhibition experiments performed with mAbs against MHC class II molecules showed A2/RA33-induced T cell responses to be largely HLA-DR restricted. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses revealed pronounced overexpression of A2/RA33 in synovial tissue of RA patients. Taken together, the presence of autoreactive Th1-like cells in RA patients in conjunction with synovial overexpression of A2/RA33 may indicate potential involvement of this autoantigen in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Fritsch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Carter RA, O'Donnell K, Sachthep S, Cicuttini F, Boyd AW, Wicks IP. Characterization of a human synovial cell antigen: VCAM-1 and inflammatory arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2001; 79:419-28. [PMID: 11564149 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of synovial cells to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is only partly understood. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1D5 is one of very few mAb ever raised against RA synovial cells in order to study the biology of these cells. Studies on the expression pattern and structural features of the 1D5 Ag suggest that 1D5 recognizes human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which is an intercellular adhesion molecule. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 may be involved in a number of crucial intercellular interactions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Carter
- Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Katrib A, Tak PP, Bertouch JV, Cuello C, McNeil HP, Smeets TJ, Kraan MC, Youssef PP. Expression of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:988-94. [PMID: 11561108 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.9.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare macrophage infiltration and expression of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial tissue between patients with early and long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Knee synovial biopsies were taken from 22 patients with early (<1 yr) and 22 patients with long-standing (>5 yr) RA and immunostained with antibodies specific for CD68; macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1; MMP-1 and -3 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-l and -2. Immunostaining was quantified using a colour video image analysis system. RESULTS CD68+ macrophage infiltration and the expression of MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were observed in synovial tissue of patients with early RA. In long-standing RA, there was a further increase in CD68+ macrophage infiltration and MIP-1alpha expression in the synovial lining layer. CD68 expression correlated with MIP-1alpha (R=0.39, P=0.01), but not with MCP-1 expression. CONCLUSION Macrophage accumulation, and the expression of chemokines and MMPs in synovial tissue occur in early RA. Targeting chemokines which play a role in the migration of macrophages into the joints may be of therapeutic benefit in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katrib
- Rheumatology Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Inflammation Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Dinant HJ, Dijkmans BA. New therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE : PWS 1999; 21:49-59. [PMID: 10380231 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008661630718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and consequently new targets of therapy are covered in a broad overview fashion. Short-term significant beneficial effect on RA disease activity has been established in a small but rapidly growing number of double-blind placebo-controlled trials now including recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against TNF alpha (cA2), humanised (human/mouse) anti-TNF alpha mAb (CDP571) and recombinant human TNF-receptor-Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc). Placebo-controlled trials of anti-T cells agents such as chimeric anti-CD4 mAb (cM-T412) and anti-CD5 immunoconjugate, did not demonstrate clinical benefit. A placebo-controlled study of the anti-T cell derived cytokine IL-2 (DAB486IL-2) showed only modes clinical improvement. Other anti-T cell approaches such as autologous T cell vaccination and induction of tolerance by oral type II collagen have been unsuccessful. The one controlled trial with an anti-inflammatory cytokine, recombinant human IFN-gamma, showed modest clinical benefits. Controlled trials with IL-4 and IL-10 and with anti-adhesion molecules are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Dinant
- Department of Rheumatology, Jan van Breemen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The onset of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in the course of a connective tissue disorder, such as rheumatoid arthritis, relapsing polychondritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus, may reflect the presence of potentially lethal systemic vasculitis. Moreover, peripheral ulcerative keratitis may be the first sign of systemic necrotizing vasculitis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, or Churg-Strauss syndrome. Although the exact pathogenesis of this severe corneal inflammation and destruction is not well understood, evidence points to a dysfunction in immunoregulation with immune complexes formed in response to autoantigens or to some unknown microbial antigen depositing in scleral and limbal vessels. These events lead to changes that are mainly responsible for the resulting tissue damage. In pauci-immune vasculitides positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, cell-mediated cytotoxicity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Untreated systemic conditions such as those mentioned above may carry a grave prognosis for the eye and may also be life-threatening. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents is, we believe, mandatory in the treatment of these multisystem disorders associated with vasculitic peripheral ulcerative keratitis.
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Farhey Y, Luggen M. Seropositive, symmetric polyarthritis in a patient with poorly differentiated lung carcinoma: carcinomatous polyarthritis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, or rheumatoid arthritis? ARTHRITIS CARE AND RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ARTHRITIS HEALTH PROFESSIONS ASSOCIATION 1998; 11:146-9. [PMID: 9668737 DOI: 10.1002/art.1790110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be the presenting manifestation of occult malignancy. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) may also develop in association with pulmonary neoplasia and consists of clubbing, periostitis, and arthropathy. We describe a patient who presented with a seropositive, symmetric, inflammatory polyarthritis only 4 weeks before a lung tumor became clinically and radiographically apparent. After initiation of chemotherapy, she developed features characteristic of HOA. It appears that the patient had both RA and HOA. We discuss the differential diagnosis and review the relationship of RA, HOA, carcinomatous polyarthritis, and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Farhey
- Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0563, USA
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Youssef PP, Triantafillou S, Parker A, Coleman M, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Ahern MJ, Smith MD. Effects of pulse methylprednisolone on cell adhesion molecules in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. Reduced E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:1970-9. [PMID: 8961901 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780391205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a 1,000-mg intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone succinate (MP) on cell adhesion molecule expression on the synovial vascular endothelium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Sequential arthroscopic biopsy samples were taken before and 24 hours after MP administration (10 patients) and at the time of RA flare (2 patients) and after retreatment with MP (1 patient). Immunoperoxidase staining for E-selectin (CD62E), P-selectin (CD62P), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM; CD31) was performed, and the staining was quantified by color video image analysis. RESULTS MP caused a rapid (within 24 hours) and substantial decrease in the expression of E-selectin on the synovial vascular endothelium, with a smaller reduction in ICAM-1 expression on synovial vascular endothelium and the synovial lining. There were no similar effects on synovial membrane P-selectin or PECAM expression. CONCLUSION A potential mechanism by which MP impairs neutrophil trafficking into inflamed RA joints might be by reducing E-selectin, and possibly, ICAM-1, expression in the synovial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Youssef
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia
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Schumacher HR. Synovial irritants: crystals, microbes and others--their implications for diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:516-8. [PMID: 7632099 PMCID: PMC1009915 DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.6.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H R Schumacher
- Medical Research Service, VA Medical Center, University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2nd International meeting on synovium cell biology, physiology and pathology. Canterbury, United Kingdom, 21-23 September 1994. Proceedings and abstracts. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:501-28. [PMID: 7632095 PMCID: PMC1009911 DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.6.501-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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