1
|
Salim M, Rehman S, Sajdel-Sulkowska EM, Chou WG, Majocha RE, Marotta CA, Zain SB. Preparation of a recombinant cDNA library from poly(A+) RNA of the Alzheimer brain. Identification and characterization of a cDNA copy encoding a glial-specific protein. Neurobiol Aging 1988; 9:163-71. [PMID: 3374733 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to assess the extent to which messenger RNA prepared from the postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain can be used for the successful preparation of a recombinant cDNA library. Initial experiments focused on the glial-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) since GFAP expression appeared to be a model for further studies on mRNAs that may continue to be expressed at high levels in the vicinity of lesioned sites in the AD brain. An AD cDNA library, prepared in the lambda gt11 expression vector system contained GFAP-specific recombinants. One of these was sequenced and the insert was shown to exhibit 88% homology with the similar sequence from mouse GFAP. As established by Northern blots, the size of the GFAP mRNA prepared from the routinely acquired postmortem AD cortex, approximately 2.7 kb, was the same as from a neurologically normal control brain. These results agree with earlier studies on GFAP mRNA from fresh mouse brain. The results demonstrate that in the postmortem AD brain, astroglial-specific mRNA remains sufficiently stable for molecular genetic analysis and may serve as a useful model for examining the genetic expression of mRNAs that may be related to the molecular pathogenesis and the etiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Salim
- Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical School, NY 14642
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nath ST, Lee MS, Romano LJ. Effect of carcinogenic adducts on transcription by T7 RNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:4257-71. [PMID: 3588293 PMCID: PMC340846 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.10.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of modifying the T7 promoter-containing plasmid pDR100 with aminofluorene (AF), acetylaminofluorene (AAF), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) adducts on RNA synthesis by the T7 RNA polymerase was determined. We found that increasing levels of each of the three adducts caused a progressive decline in RNA synthesis, but that the inhibition produced by benzo[a]pyrene adducts was substantially greater than that caused by either AF or AAF adducts. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis confirmed that the B[a]P adducts more strongly inhibited chain elongation since their presence resulted in the production of RNA fragments having average chain lengths very close to that predicted if each adduct permanently blocked the polymerase during transcription. We have also determined the effect of each type of adduct on the initiation of transcription and show that the T7 RNA polymerase initiates as efficiently on both AF or AAF-containing templates as it does on unmodified DNA, while B[a]P adducts were found to increase in the number of chain starts.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sajdel-Sulkowska E, Coughlin JF, Marotta CA. In vitro synthesis of polypeptides of moderately large size by poly(A)-containing messenger RNA from postmortem human brain and mouse brain. J Neurochem 1983; 40:670-80. [PMID: 6131104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to optimize the conditions for isolation and in vitro translation of poly(A)-containing mRNA from human postmortem brain. The comparison of several methods for preparation of mRNA from frozen mouse brain indicated that although the yield of mRNA was increased using polysomes prepared in the presence of ribonucleoside vanadyl complexes and subsequently extracted with guanidinium thiocyanate, the translation products were indistinguishable from those synthesized by total cellular RNA directly extracted from tissue with guanidinium thiocyanate. The oligo d(T)-cellulose-purified poly(A)-containing mRNA preparations were translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in the presence of L-[35S]methionine. Messenger RNA from frozen mouse brain stimulated protein synthesis from 9- to 20-fold over endogenous mRNA. Over 450 polypeptides were reproducibly synthesized and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE); size classes up to 130,000 daltons were present. Direct extraction of RNA from frozen human cerebral cortex and cerebellum with guanidinium thiocyanate followed by oligo d(T)-cellulose chromatography yielded 1.8 micrograms/g and 2.0 micrograms/g, respectively, of poly(A)-containing mRNA; this represents a two- to fourfold increase over our earlier results. In the rabbit reticulocyte translation system human brain mRNA stimulated protein synthesis nearly threefold over endogenous mRNA. Compared with earlier studies, the number of newly synthesized polypeptides was increased by 30%. Over 300 species were separated by two-dimensional PAGE, and size classes up to 130,000 daltons were present, as compared to 70,000 in an earlier report. The polypeptides synthesized by human cerebral cortex and cerebellum were indistinguishable. However, several appeared to be uniquely human when compared with the products synthesized by mouse brain mRNA. The method described for the preparation of postmortem human brain mRNA eliminates the need to prepare polysomes, which are recovered in variable and low yield from the postmortem human brain. The procedure appears applicable to studies on the synthesis of moderately large human brain polypeptides and for investigations of brain protein polymorphism when relatively large numbers of products are required for analysis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lebowitz P, Weissman SM. Organization and transcription of the simian virus 40 genome. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1979; 87:43-172. [PMID: 232871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67344-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- DNA, Circular/analysis
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Code
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Nucleotides/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Simian virus 40/analysis
- Simian virus 40/genetics
- Templates, Genetic
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Proteins/analysis
- Viral Proteins/genetics
Collapse
|
5
|
Reddy VB, Thimmappaya B, Dhar R, Subramanian KN, Zain BS, Pan J, Ghosh PK, Celma ML, Weissman SM. The genome of simian virus 40. Science 1978; 200:494-502. [PMID: 205947 DOI: 10.1126/science.205947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 852] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA was determined, and the sequence was correlated with known genes of the virus and with the structure of viral messenger RNA's. There is a limited overlap of the coding regions for structural proteins and a complex pattern of leader sequences at the 5' end of late messenger RNA. The sequence of the early region is consistent with recent proposals that the large early polypeptide of SV40 is encoded in noncontinguous segments of DNA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nucleotide sequence of DNA template for the 3' ends of SV40 mRNA. II. The sequence of the DNA fragment EcorII-F and a part of EcorII-H. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Zain B, Thimmappaya B, Dhar R, Weissman S. Nucleotide sequences of DNA encoding the 3' ends of SV40 mRNA. I. The sequence of the DNA fragment Hi-DII,III-G. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
8
|
Nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding the 5'-terminal sequences of simian virus 40 late mRNA. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
9
|
Studies of low molecular weight RNA from cells infected with adenovirus 2. I. The sequences at the 3' end of VA-RNA I. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wilson JT, deRiel JK, Forget BG, Marotta CA, Weissman SM. Nucleotide sequence of 3' untranslated portion of human alpha globin mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1977; 4:2353-68. [PMID: 909779 PMCID: PMC342571 DOI: 10.1093/nar/4.7.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 75 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated portion of normal human alpha globin mRNA which corresponds to the elongated amino acid sequence of the chain termination mutant Hb Constant Spring. This was accomplished by sequence analysis of cDNA fragments obtained by restriction endonuclease or T4 endonuclease IV cleavage of human globin cDNA synthesized from globin mRNA by use of viral reverse transcriptase. Analysis of cRNA synthesized from cDNA by use of RNA polymerase provided additional confirmatory sequence information. Possible polymorphism has been identified at one site of the sequence. Our sequence overlaps with, and extends the sequence of 43 nucleotides determined by Proudfood and coworkers for the very 3'-terminal portion of human alpha globin mRNA. The complete 3'-untranslated sequence of human alpha globin mRNA (112 nucleotides including termination codon) shows little homology to that of the human or rabbit beta globin mRNAs except for the presence of the hexanucleotide sequence AAUAAA which is found in most eukaryotic mRNAs near the 3'-terminal poly (A).
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Cohen-Solal M, Forget BG, Prensky W, Marotta CA, Weissman SM. Human beta-globin messenger RNA. II. nucleotide sequences derived from 125I-labeled globin messenger RNA. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
|
14
|
Subramanian KN, Dhar R, Weissman SM. Nucleotide sequence of a fragment of SV40 DNA that contains the origin of DNA replication and specifies the 5' ends of "early" and "late" viral RNA. I. Mapping of the restriction endonuclease sites within the EcoRII-G fragment and strategy employed for its sequence analysis. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
15
|
Subramanian KN, Dhar R, Weissman SM, Ghosh PK. Nucleotide sequence of a fragment of SV40 DNA that contains the origin of DNA replication and specifies the 5' ends of "early" and "late" viral RNA. II. Sequences of T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion products of RNA transcripts prepared from subfragments of EcoRII-G. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
16
|
Dhar R, Subramanian KN, Pan J, Weissman SM. Nucleotide sequence of a fragment of SV40 DNA that contains the origin of DNA replication and specifies the 5' ends of "early" and "late" viral RNA. IV. Localization of the SV40 DNA complementary to the 5' ends of viral mRNA. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
17
|
Sklar J, Yot P, Weissman SM. Determination of genes, restriction sites, and DNA sequences surrounding the 6S RNA template of bacteriophage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:1817-21. [PMID: 1098044 PMCID: PMC432637 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.5.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major product of the transcription of bacteriophage lambda DNA in vitro is the 6S RNA. This article presents a detailed mapping of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites about the region of the 6S RNA template within the lambda genome. Restriction fragments defined by these sites have been used to localize the 6S RNA template within the physical and genetic maps of the lambda genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis of one of these fragments has largely confimed the nucleotide sequence of the 6S RNA reported previously and has indicated the sequence of DNA that immediately follows the 6S RNA template. This article reports the nucleotide sequence following a known site of transcription termination by RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli.
Collapse
|
18
|
Forget BG, Marotta CA, Weissman SM, Verma IM, McCaffrey RP, Baltimore D. Nucleotide sequences of human globin messenger RNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 241:290-309. [PMID: 4611306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb21888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
19
|
Marotta CA, Forget BG, Weissman SM, Verma IM, McCaffrey RP, Baltimore D. Nucleotide sequences of human globin messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:2300-4. [PMID: 4135409 PMCID: PMC388440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Globin messenger RNA, isolated from human peripheral blood reticulocytes, was transcribed into complementary DNA by use of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. The complementary DNA was then transcribed into (32)P-labeled complementary RNA by E. coli RNA polymerase in the presence of alpha-(32)P-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates. The fingerprint pattern obtained from ribonuclease T1 digests of human globin complementary RNA was specific and reproducible. Different patterns were obtained from digests of duck, mouse, and rabbit globin complementary RNA. The fingerprint patterns obtained from digests of purified natural human 10S globin messenger RNA, labeled in vitro with (125)I or with [gamma-(32)P]ATP and polynucleotide kinase, were similar to that of the complementary RNA but contained some additional oligonucleotides. Sufficient nucleotide sequence information has been obtained from about 50% of the intermediate sized oligonucleotides (8-14 base residues long), to make possible examination of correspondence between these nucleotide sequences and globin amino-acid sequences. Approximately 70% of these oligonucleotide sequences can be matched to unique amino-acid sequences in the alpha- or beta-globin chains. The other 30% do not match known amino-acid sequences and presumably correspond to untranslated portions of the mRNA; some of these sequences, however, can be matched to amino-acid sequence in the abnormally long segment of the alpha chain of hemoglobin Constant Spring, which is thought to result from a chain-termination mutation.
Collapse
|