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Powell SM, Wang B, Herrera VE, Prather KY, Nguyen NT, Abucayon EG, Thomas LM, Safo MK, Richter-Addo GB. Crystal structural investigations of heme protein derivatives resulting from reactions of aryl- and alkylhydroxylamines with human hemoglobin. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112304. [PMID: 37406385 PMCID: PMC10348690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenylhydroxylamine (PhNHOH) and nitrosobenzene (PhNO) interact with human tetrameric hemoglobin (Hb) to form the nitrosobenzene adduct Hb(PhNO). These interactions also frequently lead to methemoglobin formation in red blood cells. We utilize UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography to identify the primary and secondary products that form when PhNHOH and related alkylhydroxylamines (RNHOH; R = Me, t-Bu) react with human ferric Hb. We show that with MeNHOH, the primary product is Hb[α-FeIII(H2O)][β-FeII(MeNO)], in which nitrosomethane is bound to the β subunit but not the α subunit. Attempts to isolate a nitrosochloramphenicol (CAMNO) adduct resulted in our isolation of a Hb[α-FeII][β-FeII-cySOx]{CAMNO} product (cySOx = oxidized cysteine) in which CAMNO was located outside of the protein in the solvent region between the β2 and α2 subunits of the same tetramer. We also observed that the βcys93 residue had been oxidized. In the case of t-BuNHOH, we demonstrate that the isolated product is the β-hemichrome Hb[α-FeIII(H2O)][β-FeIII(His)2]{t-BuNHOH}, in which the β heme has slipped ∼4.4 Å towards the solvent exterior to accommodate the bis-His heme coordination. When PhNHOH is used, a similar β-hemichrome Hb[α-FeIII(H2O)][β-FeIII(His)2-cySOx]{PhNHOH} was obtained. Our results reveal, for the first time, the X-ray structural determination of a β-hemichrome in a human Hb derivative. Our UV-vis and X-ray crystal structural result reveal that although Hb(PhNO) and Hb(RNO) complexes may form as primary products, attempted isolation of these products by crystallization may result in the structural determination of their secondary products which may contain β-hemichromes en route to further protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Powell
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Viridiana E Herrera
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Ivory V. Nelson Science Center, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, PA, 19352, USA
| | - Kiana Y Prather
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Nancy T Nguyen
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA; University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Erwin G Abucayon
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Leonard M Thomas
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - George B Richter-Addo
- Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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2
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Derry PJ, Vo ATT, Gnanansekaran A, Mitra J, Liopo AV, Hegde ML, Tsai AL, Tour JM, Kent TA. The Chemical Basis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cell Toxicity With Contributions From Eryptosis and Ferroptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:603043. [PMID: 33363457 PMCID: PMC7755086 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.603043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly devastating event both because of the direct injury from space-occupying blood to the sequelae of the brain exposed to free blood components from which it is normally protected. Not surprisingly, the usual metabolic and energy pathways are overwhelmed in this situation. In this review article, we detail the complexity of red blood cell degradation, the contribution of eryptosis leading to hemoglobin breakdown into its constituents, the participants in that process, and the points at which injury can be propagated such as elaboration of toxic radicals through the metabolism of the breakdown products. Two prominent products of this breakdown sequence, hemin, and iron, induce a variety of pathologies including free radical damage and DNA breakage, which appear to include events independent from typical oxidative DNA injury. As a result of this confluence of damaging elements, multiple pathways of injury, cell death, and survival are likely engaged including ferroptosis (which may be the same as oxytosis but viewed from a different perspective) and senescence, suggesting that targeting any single cause will likely not be a sufficient strategy to maximally improve outcome. Combination therapies in addition to safe methods to reduce blood burden should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anh Tran Tram Vo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aswini Gnanansekaran
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Peng WK, Chen L, Boehm BO, Han J, Loh TP. Molecular phenotyping of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus with point-of-care NMR system. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:11. [PMID: 33083002 PMCID: PMC7536436 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health burdens globally. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complication (e.g., cardiovascular event), remains poorly understood. We report a new approach to rapidly manipulate and evaluate the redox states of blood using a point-of-care NMR system. Various redox states of the hemoglobin were mapped out using the newly proposed (pseudo) two-dimensional map known as T1-T2 magnetic state diagram. We exploit the fact that oxidative stress changes the subtle molecular motion of water proton in the blood, and thus inducing a measurable shift in magnetic resonance relaxation properties. We demonstrated the clinical utilities of this technique to rapidly stratify diabetes subjects based on their oxidative status in conjunction to the traditional glycemic level to improve the patient stratification and thus the overall outcome of clinical diabetes care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine–Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Chen
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Ulm University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
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4
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Tsamesidis I, Pério P, Pantaleo A, Reybier K. Oxidation of Erythrocytes Enhance the Production of Reactive Species in the Presence of Artemisinins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134799. [PMID: 32646002 PMCID: PMC7369783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In red blood cells, hemoglobin iron represents the most plausible candidate to catalyze artemisinin activation but the limited reactivity of iron bound to hemoglobin does not play in favor for its direct involvement. Denatured hemoglobin appears a more likely candidate for artemisinin redox activation because it is expected to contain reactive iron and it has been described to release free heme and/or iron in erythrocyte. The aim of our study is to investigate, using three different methods: fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, how increasing the level of accessible iron into the red blood cells can enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production derived from artemisinin. The over-increase of iron was achieved using phenylhydrazine, a strong oxidant that causes oxidative stress within erythrocytes, resulting in oxidation of oxyhemoglobin and leading to the formation of methemoglobin, which is subsequently converted into irreversible hemichromes (iron (III) compounds). Our findings confirmed, using the iron III chelator, desferrioxamine, the indirect participation of iron (III) compounds in the activation process of artemisinins. Furthermore, in strong reducing conditions, the activation of artemisinin and the consequent production of ROS was enhanced. In conclusion, we demonstrate, through the measurement of intra-erythrocytic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production using various methods, that artemisinin activation can be drastically enhanced by pre-oxidation of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Pharma-Dev UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (K.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre Pério
- Pharma-Dev UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Karine Reybier
- Pharma-Dev UMR 152, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (P.P.); (K.R.)
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5
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Blair S, Barlow C, Martin E, Schumaker R, McIntyre J. Methemoglobin determination by multi-component analysis in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) possessing unstable hemoglobin. MethodsX 2020; 7:100836. [PMID: 32257839 PMCID: PMC7115134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin derivatives are often quantified in blood to establish cardio-respiratory status and possible causes of impaired oxygen transport. The derivative known as methemoglobin results from oxidation of hemoglobin and is pathologically relevant because it cannot transport oxygen. In species and individuals possessing unstable methemoglobin, methemoglobin formation leads to rapid hemichrome formation and precipitation. Oxidizing reagents in standard methemoglobin analysis techniques therefore prevent accurate quantification of hemoglobin oxidative degradation products in species possessing unstable hemoglobin. In this study, we demonstrated that individual coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) possess unstable methemoglobin. Because molar absorptivities of coho methemoglobin, hemichrome and carboxyhemoglobin were significantly different from humans, the use of previous standard methods leads to an overestimation of methemoglobin in coho. Spontaneous conversion of methemoglobin to hemichrome was also demonstrated in Chinook (O. tshawytscha), pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta), but not steelhead (O. mykiss), indicating there may be a frequent need to account for unstable hemoglobin when quantifying methemoglobin in salmonids.•Our method builds upon multi-component analysis (MCA) by using a multivariate modeling technique to derive the coho-specific molar absorptivities of major hemoglobin derivatives•This approach fills a current need for the accurate quantification of methemoglobin in fishes possessing unstable hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Blair
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Clyde Barlow
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Pkwy, Olympia, WA 98505, USA
| | - Erin Martin
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Pkwy, Olympia, WA 98505, USA
| | - Ruth Schumaker
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Pkwy, Olympia, WA 98505, USA
| | - Jenifer McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, 2606 Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
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6
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The Interplay between Molten Globules and Heme Disassociation Defines Human Hemoglobin Disassembly. Biophys J 2020; 118:1381-1400. [PMID: 32075750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin functions as a tetrameric oxygen transport protein, with each subunit containing a heme cofactor. Its denaturation, either in vivo or in vitro, involves autoxidation to methemoglobin, followed by cofactor loss and globin unfolding. We have proposed a global disassembly scheme for human methemoglobin, linking hemin (ferric protoporphyrin IX) disassociation and apoprotein unfolding pathways. The model is based on the evaluation of circular dichroism and visible absorbance measurements of guanidine-hydrochloride-induced disassembly of methemoglobin and previous measurements of apohemoglobin unfolding. The populations of holointermediates and equilibrium disassembly parameters were estimated quantitatively for adult and fetal hemoglobins. The key stages are characterized by hexacoordinated hemichrome intermediates, which are important for preventing hemin disassociation from partially unfolded, molten globular species during early disassembly and late-stage assembly events. Both unfolding experiments and independent small angle x-ray scattering measurements demonstrate that heme disassociation leads to the loss of tetrameric structural integrity. Our model predicts that after autoxidation, dimeric and monomeric hemichrome intermediates occur along the disassembly pathway inside red cells, where the hemoglobin concentration is very high. This prediction suggests why misassembled hemoglobins often get trapped as hemichromes that accumulate into insoluble Heinz bodies in the red cells of patients with unstable hemoglobinopathies. These Heinz bodies become deposited on the cell membranes and can lead to hemolysis. Alternatively, when acellular hemoglobin is diluted into blood plasma after red cell lysis, the disassembly pathway appears to be dominated by early hemin disassociation events, which leads to the generation of higher fractions of unfolded apo subunits and free hemin, which are known to damage the integrity of blood vessel walls. Thus, our model provides explanations of the pathophysiology of hemoglobinopathies and other disease states associated with unstable globins and red cell lysis and also insights into the factors governing hemoglobin assembly during erythropoiesis.
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7
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Takamura A, Watanabe D, Shimada R, Ozawa T. Comprehensive modeling of bloodstain aging by multivariate Raman spectral resolution with kinetics. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBlood, as a cardinal biological system, is a challenging target for biochemical characterization because of sample complexity and a lack of analytical approaches. To reveal and evaluate aging process of blood compositions is an unexplored issue in forensic analysis, which is useful to elucidate the details of a crime. Here we demonstrate a spectral deconvolution model of near-infrared Raman spectra of bloodstain to comprehensively describe the aging process based on the chemical mechanism, particularly the kinetics. The bloodstain spectra monitored over several months at different temperatures are decomposed into significant spectral components by multivariate calculation. The kinetic schemes of the spectral components are explored and subsequently incorporated into the developed algorithm for the optimal spectral resolution. Consequently, the index of bloodstain aging is proposed, which can be used under different experimental conditions. This work provides a novel perspective on the chemical mechanisms in bloodstain aging and facilitates forensic applications.
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8
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Nye DB, Lecomte JTJ. Replacement of the Distal Histidine Reveals a Noncanonical Heme Binding Site in a 2-on-2 Hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5785-5796. [PMID: 30213188 PMCID: PMC6217817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme ligation in hemoglobin is typically assumed by the "proximal" histidine. Hydrophobic contacts, ionic interactions, and the ligation bond secure the heme between two α-helices denoted E and F. Across the hemoglobin superfamily, several proteins also use a "distal" histidine, making the native state a bis-histidine complex. The group 1 truncated hemoglobin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, GlbN, is one such bis-histidine protein. Ferric GlbN, in which the distal histidine (His46 or E10) has been replaced with a leucine, though expected to bind a water molecule and yield a high-spin iron complex at neutral pH, has low-spin spectral properties. Here, we applied nuclear magnetic resonance and electronic absorption spectroscopic methods to GlbN modified with heme and amino acid replacements to identify the distal ligand in H46L GlbN. We found that His117, a residue located in the C-terminal portion of the protein and on the proximal side of the heme, is responsible for the formation of an alternative bis-histidine complex. Simultaneous coordination by His70 and His117 situates the heme in a binding site different from the canonical site. This new holoprotein form is achieved with only local conformational changes. Heme affinity in the alternative site is weaker than in the normal site, likely because of strained coordination and a reduced number of specific heme-protein interactions. The observation of an unconventional heme binding site has important implications for the interpretation of mutagenesis results and globin homology modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon B. Nye
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Juliette T. J. Lecomte
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
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9
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Crystal structure of the ferric homotetrameric β 4 human hemoglobin. Biophys Chem 2018; 240:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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In the pursuit of the holy grail of forensic science – Spectroscopic studies on the estimation of time since deposition of bloodstains. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Abstract
While the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) is appreciated, several fundamental aspects of the NOS/NO-related signaling pathway(s) remain incompletely understood. Canonically, the NOS-derived NO diffuses through the (inter)cellular milieu to bind the prosthetic ferro(Fe2+)-heme group of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). The formation of ternary NO-ferroheme-sGC complex results in the enzyme activation and accelerated production of the second messenger, cyclic GMP. This paper argues that cells dynamically generate mobile/exchangeable NO-ferroheme species, which activate sGC and regulate the function of some other biomolecules. In contrast to free NO, the mobile NO-ferroheme may ensure safe, efficient and coordinated delivery of the signal within and between cells. The NO-heme signaling may contribute to a number of NOS/NO-related phenomena (e.g. nitrite bioactivity, selective protein S-(N-)nitrosation, endothelium and erythrocyte-dependent vasodilation, some neural and immune NOS functions) and predicts new NO-related discoveries, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Freiberg Instruments GmbH, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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12
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Proteomic Analysis of Thiol Modifications and Assessment of Structural Changes in Hemoglobin Induced by the Aniline Metabolites N-Phenylhydroxylamine and Nitrosobenzene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14794. [PMID: 29093547 PMCID: PMC5665987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MS-based proteomic analysis was combined with in silico quantum mechanical calculations to improve understanding of protein adduction by N-phenylhydroxylamine (PhNHOH) and nitrosobenzene (NOB), metabolic products of aniline. In vitro adduction of model peptides containing nucleophilic sidechains (Cys, His, and Lys) and selected proteins (bovine and human hemoglobin and β-lactoglobulin-A) were characterized. Peptide studies identified the Cys thiolate as the most reactive nucleophile for these metabolites, a result consistent with in silico calculations of reactivity parameters. For PhNHOH, sulfinamides were identified as the primary adduction products, which were stable following tryptic digestion. Conversely, reactions with NOB yielded an additional oxidized adduct, the sulfonamide. In vitro exposure of human whole blood to PhNHOH and NOB demonstrated that only sulfinamides were formed. In addition to previously reported adduction of β93Cys of human Hb, two novel sites of adduction were found; α104Cys and β112Cys. We also report CD and UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of adducted human Hb that revealed loss of α-helical content and deoxygenation. The results provide additional understanding of the covalent interaction of aromatic amine metabolites with protein nucleophiles.
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13
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Gell DA. Structure and function of haemoglobins. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 70:13-42. [PMID: 29126700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) is widely known as the iron-containing protein in blood that is essential for O2 transport in mammals. Less widely recognised is that erythrocyte Hb belongs to a large family of Hb proteins with members distributed across all three domains of life-bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. This review, aimed chiefly at researchers new to the field, attempts a broad overview of the diversity, and common features, in Hb structure and function. Topics include structural and functional classification of Hbs; principles of O2 binding affinity and selectivity between O2/NO/CO and other small ligands; hexacoordinate (containing bis-imidazole coordinated haem) Hbs; bacterial truncated Hbs; flavohaemoglobins; enzymatic reactions of Hbs with bioactive gases, particularly NO, and protection from nitrosative stress; and, sensor Hbs. A final section sketches the evolution of work on the structural basis for allosteric O2 binding by mammalian RBC Hb, including the development of newer kinetic models. Where possible, reference to historical works is included, in order to provide context for current advances in Hb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gell
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7000, Australia.
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14
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Samhan-Arias AK, Maia LB, Cordas CM, Moura I, Gutierrez-Merino C, Moura JJG. Peroxidase-like activity of cytochrome b 5 is triggered upon hemichrome formation in alkaline pH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:373-378. [PMID: 28958890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In alkaline media (pH12) a catalytic peroxidase activity of cytochrome b5 was found associated to a different conformational state. Upon incubation at this pH, cytochrome b5 electronic absorption spectrum was altered, with disappearance of characteristic bands of cytochrome b5 at pH7.0. The appearance of new electronic absorption bands and EPR measurements support the formation of a cytochrome b5 class B hemichrome with an acquired ability to bind polar ligands. This hemichrome is characterized by a negative formal redox potential and the same folding properties than cytochrome b5 at pH7. The acquired peroxidase-like activity of cytochrome b5 found at pH12, driven by a hemichrome formation, suggests a role of this protein in peroxidation products propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Cordas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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15
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Pires IS, Belcher DA, Palmer AF. Quantification of Active Apohemoglobin Heme-Binding Sites via Dicyanohemin Incorporation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5245-5259. [PMID: 28846391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apohemoglobin (apoHb) is produced by removing heme from hemoglobin (Hb). However, preparations of apoHb may contain damaged globins, which render total protein assays inaccurate for active apoHb quantification. Fortunately, apoHb heme-binding sites react with heme via the proximal histidine-F8 (His-F8) residue, which can be monitored spectrophotometrically. The bond between the His-F8 residue of apoHb and heme is vital for maintenance of fully functional and cooperative Hb. Additionally, most apoHb drug delivery applications facilitate hydrophobic drug incorporation inside the apoHb hydrophobic heme-binding pocket in which the His-F8 residue resides. This makes the His-F8 residue a proper target for apoHb activity quantification. In this work, dicyanohemin (DCNh), a stable monomeric porphyrin species, was used as a probe molecule to quantify active apoHb through monocyanohemin-His-F8 bond formation. ApoHb activity was quantified via the analysis of the 420 nm equilibrium absorbance of DCNh and apoHb mixtures. His-F8 saturation was determined by the presence of an inflection point from a plot of the 420 nm absorbance of a fixed concentration of apoHb against an increasing DCNh concentration. Various concentrations of a stock apoHb solution were tested to demonstrate the precision of the assay. The accuracy of the assay was assessed via spectral deconvolution, confirming His-F8 saturation at the inflection point. The effect of the heme-binding protein bovine serum albumin and precipitated apoHb on assay sensitivity was not significant. An analysis of the biophysical properties of reconstituted Hb confirmed heme-binding pocket activity. Taken together, this assay provides a simple and reliable method for determination of apoHb activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Donald A Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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16
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Bischin C, Mot A, Stefancu A, Leopold N, Hathazi D, Damian G, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Chlorite reactivity with myoglobin: Analogy with peroxide and nitrite chemistry? J Inorg Biochem 2017; 172:122-128. [PMID: 28458145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stopped-flow UV-vis data allow for the first time direct spectroscopic detection of a ferryl species during the reaction of met myoglobin (Mb) with chlorite, analogous to what is observed in the reaction with peroxides. Ferryl is also observed in the reaction of oxy Mb+chlorite. A pathway involving Fe-O-O-ClO2 is explored by analogy with the Fe-O-O-NO and Fe-O-O-NO2 previously proposed as intermediates in the reactions of oxy globins with nitric oxide and nitrite, respectively. However, Fe-O-O-ClO2 is not detectable in these stopped-flow experiments and is in fact, unlike its nitrogenous congeners, predicted by density functional theory (DFT) to be impossible for a heme complex. Deoxy Mb reacts with chlorite faster than met - suggesting that, unlike with hydrogen peroxide (with which deoxy Mb reacts slower than met), binding of chlorite to the heme is not a rate-determining step (hence, most likely, an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism); to correlate this, a Fe-O-Cl-O adduct was not observed experimentally for the met or for the deoxy reactions - even though prior DFT calculations suggest it to be feasible and detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bischin
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Augustin Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Department of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Department of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Grigore Damian
- Department of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania.
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17
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Vitagliano L, Mazzarella L, Merlino A, Vergara A. Fine Sampling of the R→T Quaternary-Structure Transition of a Tetrameric Hemoglobin. Chemistry 2016; 23:605-613. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Lelio Mazzarella
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarlm; Via G. Salvatore Napoli Italy
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18
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Marzec KM, Dybas J, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Resonance Raman in Vitro Detection and Differentiation of the Nitrite-Induced Hemoglobin Adducts in Functional Human Red Blood Cells. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12249-12260. [PMID: 27934219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work presents in vitro studies of the functional, isolated human red blood cells (RBCs) treated with various concentrations of Na14NO2 and Na15NO2 with the use of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) at two different laser excitations supported by absorption spectrophotometry (UV-vis). The products of the reaction between oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) in isolated RBCs with NaNO2 were analyzed and identified in situ. The metHb-H2O was found to be the major product of this reaction; however, additional adducts were also clearly observed. Vibrational analysis allowed identification of various Hb3+NO2 species (Fe3+-O-N=O with O-binding mode of nitrite ion to the Fe3+ core and nitrovinyl adducts with 2-vinyl nitration favored over 4-vinyl nitration) as well as the Fe3+-NO adduct. In addition, we were able to visualize in situ the Hb-NO2 species inside functional RBCs with the use of Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Krakow 30-060, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow 31-531, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, Krakow 30-060, Poland
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19
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Bayer SB, Low FM, Hampton MB, Winterbourn CC. Interactions between peroxiredoxin 2, hemichrome and the erythrocyte membrane. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1241995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone B. Bayer
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Felicia M. Low
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B. Hampton
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C. Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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O. Nwamba C, C. Chilaka F, Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi A. Cation modulation of hemoglobin interaction with sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (SDS) iv: magnesium modulation at pH 7.20. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2016.1.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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21
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Merlino A, Vergara A, Vitagliano L. Comments on structural studies of haemoglobin from pisces species shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at 1.9 Å resolution by P. Ramesh et al. (2013). J. Synchrotron Rad.20, 843-847. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:832-833. [PMID: 24971983 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples `Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples `Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
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22
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Aguilar R, Marrocco T, Skorokhod OA, Barbosa A, Nhabomba A, Manaca MN, Guinovart C, Quintó L, Arese P, Alonso PL, Dobaño C, Schwarzer E. Blood oxidative stress markers and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in non-immune African children. Br J Haematol 2014; 164:438-50. [PMID: 24422726 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Converging in vitro evidence and clinical data indicate that oxidative stress may play important roles in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, notably in the pathogenesis of severe anaemia. However, oxidative modifications of the red blood cell (RBC)-membrane by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and haemoglobin-binding, previously hypothesized to contribute mechanistically to the pathogenesis of clinical malaria, have not yet been tested for clinical significance. In 349 non-immune Mozambican newborns recruited in a double-blind placebo-controlled chemoprophylaxis trial, oxidative markers including 4-HNE-conjugates and membrane-bound haemoglobin were longitudinally assessed from 2·5 to 24 months of age, at first acute malaria episode and in convalescence. During acute malaria, 4-HNE-conjugates were shown to increase significantly in parasitized and non-parasitized RBCs. In parallel, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) rose in plasma. 4-HNE-conjugates correlated with AOPP and established plasma but not with RBC oxidative markers. High individual levels of 4-HNE-conjugates were predictive for increased malaria incidence rates in children until 2 years of life and elevated 4-HNE-conjugates in convalescence accompanied sustained anaemia after a malaria episode, indicating 4-HNE-conjugates as a novel patho-mechanistic factor in malaria. A second oxidative marker, haemoglobin binding to RBC-membranes, hypothesized to induce clearing of RBCs from circulation, was predictive for lower malaria incidence rates. Further studies will show whether or not higher membrane-haemoglobin values at the first malaria episode may provide protection against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Manhiça Health Research Centre (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Reeder BJ, Hough MA. The structure of a class 3 nonsymbiotic plant haemoglobin from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a novel N-terminal helical extension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:1411-8. [PMID: 24816109 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714004878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant nonsymbiotic haemoglobins fall into three classes, each with distinct properties but all with largely unresolved physiological functions. Here, the first crystal structure of a class 3 nonsymbiotic plant haemoglobin, that from Arabidopsis thaliana, is reported to 1.77 Å resolution. The protein forms a homodimer, with each monomer containing a two-over-two α-helical domain similar to that observed in bacterial truncated haemoglobins. A novel N-terminal extension comprising two α-helices plays a major role in the dimer interface, which occupies the periphery of the dimer-dimer face, surrounding an open central cavity. The haem pocket contains a proximal histidine ligand and an open sixth iron-coordination site with potential for a ligand, in this structure hydroxide, to form hydrogen bonds to a tyrosine or a tryptophan residue. The haem pocket appears to be unusually open to the external environment, with another cavity spanning the entrance of the two haem pockets. The final 23 residues of the C-terminal domain are disordered in the structure; however, these domains in the functional dimer are adjacent and include the only two cysteine residues in the protein sequence. It is likely that these residues form disulfide bonds in vitro and it is conceivable that this C-terminal region may act in a putative complex with a partner molecule in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, England
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, England
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24
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Giordano D, Coppola D, Russo R, Tinajero-Trejo M, di Prisco G, Lauro F, Ascenzi P, Verde C. The globins of cold-adapted Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125: from the structure to the physiological functions. Adv Microb Physiol 2014; 63:329-89. [PMID: 24054800 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407693-8.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolution allowed Antarctic microorganisms to grow successfully under extreme conditions (low temperature and high O2 content), through a variety of structural and physiological adjustments in their genomes and development of programmed responses to strong oxidative and nitrosative stress. The availability of genomic sequences from an increasing number of cold-adapted species is providing insights to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying crucial physiological processes in polar organisms. The genome of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 contains multiple genes encoding three distinct truncated globins exhibiting the 2/2 α-helical fold. One of these globins has been extensively characterised by spectroscopic analysis, kinetic measurements and computer simulation. The results indicate unique adaptive structural properties that enhance the overall flexibility of the protein, so that the structure appears to be resistant to pressure-induced stress. Recent results on a genomic mutant strain highlight the involvement of the cold-adapted globin in the protection against the stress induced by high O2 concentration. Moreover, the protein was shown to catalyse peroxynitrite isomerisation in vitro. In this review, we first summarise how cold temperatures affect the physiology of microorganisms and focus on the molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation revealed by recent biochemical and genetic studies. Next, since only in a very few cases the physiological role of truncated globins has been demonstrated, we also discuss the structural and functional features of the cold-adapted globin in an attempt to put into perspective what has been learnt about these proteins and their potential role in the biology of cold-adapted microorganisms.
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25
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Mazzarella L, Merlino A, Vitagliano L, Verde C, di Prisco G, Peisach J, Vergara A. Structural modifications induced by the switch from an endogenous bis-histidyl to an exogenous cyanomet hexa-coordination in a tetrameric haemoglobin. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two EPR- and structurally-distinct bis-histidyl conformers of the ferric haemoglobin from Trematomus bernacchii react differently with CN−
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelio Mazzarella
- Dept of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Dept of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging
- CNR
| | | | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources
- CNR
- Naples, Italy
- Roma 3 University
- Dept of Biology
| | | | - Jack Peisach
- Dept of Biophysics and Physiology
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- New York, USA
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Dept of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging
- CNR
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26
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Nwamba CO, Chilaka FC, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Cation modulation of hemoglobin interaction with sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS). III: Calcium interaction with R- and mixed spin states of hemoglobin S at pH 5.0: the musical chair paradox. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:547-55. [PMID: 23456537 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of Ca(2+) (0-500 µM) and a membrane mimic (0.60 mM SDS) with both the R- and mixed spin states hemoglobin S (HbS) as a function of time. These interactions were carried out at pH 5.0. We aim at ascertaining if there is or are differences in the UV-Visible spectra of such interactions to account for the dynamics of calcium ion concentrations [Ca(2+)] in initiating structures which may ultimately suggest HbS polymerization and or resistance to Plasmodium attack. From our results, we conclude that (a) simultaneous interaction of 40 µM Ca(2+) and 0.60 mM SDS with the R state protein would promote structural formations that can "lock up" the protein for nucleation on the membranes and or become cytotoxic to the parasite; (b) simultaneous R state HbS-SDS or R state HbS-Ca(2+) would lead to enhanced hemin formation and less deoxyHb species. This condition is unlikely to precipitate polymerization in the HbS but the resulting hemin would poison the parasite; (c) the mixed spin state HbS-SDS and 40 µM Ca(2+) interaction yields more toxic products to that of the interaction of the mixed spin HbS-SDS with 500 µM Ca(2+) thus suggesting why the 40 µM Ca(2+) is important in parasite Hb proteolysis; and (d) pronounced structural changes on interaction with SDS and Ca(2+) are more in the R state to the mixed spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles O Nwamba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 2343, Moscow, ID, 83844-2343, USA,
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27
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Gebicka L, Banasiak E. Hypochlorous acid-induced heme damage of hemoglobin and its inhibition by flavonoids. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:924-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Balsamo A, Sannino F, Merlino A, Parrilli E, Tutino ML, Mazzarella L, Vergara A. Role of the tertiary and quaternary structure in the formation of bis-histidyl adducts in cold-adapted hemoglobins. Biochimie 2012; 94:953-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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29
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Wood BR, Asghari-Khiavi M, Bailo E, McNaughton D, Deckert V. Detection of nano-oxidation sites on the surface of hemoglobin crystals using tip-enhanced Raman scattering. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1555-1560. [PMID: 22324311 DOI: 10.1021/nl2044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin nanocrystals were analyzed with tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and conventional resonance Raman scattering (RRS) using 532 nm excitation. The extremely high spatial resolution of TERS enables selective enhancement of heme, protein, and amino acid bands from the crystal surface not observed in the SERRS or RRS spectra. Two bands appearing at 1378 and 1355 cm(-1) assigned to the ferric and ferrous oxidation state marker bands, respectively, were observed in both TERS and SERRS spectra but not in the RRS spectrum of the bulk sample. The results indicate that nanoscale oxidation changes are occurring at the hemoglobin crystal surface. These changes could be explained by oxygen exchange at the crystal surface and demonstrate the potential of the TERS technique to obtain structural information not possible with conventional Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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30
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Bremmer RH, de Bruin KG, van Gemert MJ, van Leeuwen TG, Aalders MC. Forensic quest for age determination of bloodstains. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 216:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Mollan TL, Khandros E, Weiss MJ, Olson JS. Kinetics of α-globin binding to α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) indicate preferential stabilization of hemichrome folding intermediate. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11338-50. [PMID: 22298770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.313247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is a conserved mammalian erythroid protein that facilitates the production of Hemoglobin A by stabilizing free α-globin. AHSP rapidly binds to ferrous α with association (k'(AHSP)) and dissociation (k(AHSP)) rate constants of ≈10 μm(-1) s(-1) and 0.2 s(-1), respectively, at pH 7.4 at 22 °C. A small slow phase was observed when AHSP binds to excess ferrous αCO. This slow phase appears to be due to cis to trans prolyl isomerization of the Asp(29)-Pro(30) peptide bond in wild-type AHSP because it was absent when αCO was mixed with P30A and P30W AHSP, which are fixed in the trans conformation. This slow phase was also absent when met(Fe(3+))-α reacted with wild-type AHSP, suggesting that met-α is capable of rapidly binding to either Pro(30) conformer. Both wild-type and Pro(30)-substituted AHSPs drive the formation of a met-α hemichrome conformation following binding to either met- or oxy(Fe(2+))-α. The dissociation rate of the met-α·AHSP complex (k(AHSP) ≈ 0.002 s(-1)) is ∼100-fold slower than that for ferrous α·AHSP complexes, resulting in a much higher affinity of AHSP for met-α. Thus, in vivo, AHSP acts as a molecular chaperone by rapidly binding and stabilizing met-α hemichrome folding intermediates. The low rate of met-α dissociation also allows AHSP to have a quality control function by kinetically trapping ferric α and preventing its incorporation into less stable mixed valence Hemoglobin A tetramers. Reduction of AHSP-bound met-α allows more rapid release to β subunits to form stable fully, reduced hemoglobin dimers and tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Mollan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Khandros E, Mollan TL, Yu X, Wang X, Yao Y, D'Souza J, Gell DA, Olson JS, Weiss MJ. Insights into hemoglobin assembly through in vivo mutagenesis of α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11325-37. [PMID: 22287545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.313205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is believed to facilitate adult Hemoglobin A assembly and protect against toxic free α-globin subunits. Recombinant AHSP binds multiple forms of free α-globin to stabilize their structures and inhibit precipitation. However, AHSP also stimulates autooxidation of αO(2) subunit and its rapid conversion to a partially unfolded bishistidyl hemichrome structure. To investigate these biochemical properties, we altered the evolutionarily conserved AHSP proline 30 in recombinantly expressed proteins and introduced identical mutations into the endogenous murine Ahsp gene. In vitro, the P30W AHSP variant bound oxygenated α chains with 30-fold increased affinity. Both P30W and P30A mutant proteins also caused decreased rates of αO(2) autooxidation as compared with wild-type AHSP. Despite these abnormalities, mice harboring P30A or P30W Ahsp mutations exhibited no detectable defects in erythropoiesis at steady state or during induced stresses. Further biochemical studies revealed that the AHSP P30A and P30W substitutions had minimal effects on AHSP interactions with ferric α subunits. Together, our findings indicate that the ability of AHSP to stabilize nascent α chain folding intermediates prior to hemin reduction and incorporation into adult Hemoglobin A is physiologically more important than AHSP interactions with ferrous αO(2) subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Khandros
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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33
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Moreira LM, Poli AL, Lyon JP, Aimbire F, Toledo JC, Costa-Filho AJ, Imasato H. Ligand changes in ferric species of the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistusas function of pH: correlations between redox, spectroscopic and oligomeric properties and general implications with different hemoproteins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461000201x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review is focused on the relationship between oligomeric and heme properties of HbGp, emphasizing the characteristics that can be generalized to other hemoproteins. This study represents the state-of-the-art with respect to the approaches for investigating giant extracellular hemoglobins as well as the correlation between oligomeric assembly alterations and their consequent changes in the first coordination sphere. A wide introduction focused on the properties of this hemoglobin is developed. Indeed, this hemoprotein is considered an interesting prototype of blood substitute and biosensor due to its peculiar properties, such as resistance to autoxidation and oligomeric stability. Previous studies by our group employing UV-vis, EPR and CD spectroscopies have been revised in a complete approach, in agreement with recent and relevant data from the literature. In fact, a consistent and inter-related spectroscopic study is described propitiating a wide assignment of "fingerprint" peaks found in the techniques evaluated in this paper. This review furnishes physicochemical information regarding the identification of ferric heme species of hemoproteins and metallic complexes through their spectroscopic bands. This effort at the attribution of UV-vis, EPR and CD peaks is not restricted to HbGp, and includes a comparative analysis of several hemoproteins involving relevant implications regarding several types of iron-porphyrin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marmo Moreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Qualidade Acadêmica (IPQA), Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lima Poli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Lyon
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, 12244-000 São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Qualidade Acadêmica (IPQA), Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hidetake Imasato
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos SP, Brazil
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New Roles Assigned to the α1–β1 (and α2–β2) Interface of the Human Hemoglobin Molecule from Physiological to Cellular. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/app1010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Enyenihi AA, Yang H, Ytterberg AJ, Lyutvinskiy Y, Zubarev RA. Heme binding in gas-phase holo-myoglobin cations: distal becomes proximal? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1763-70. [PMID: 21952890 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
His64 and His93 are the two well-known sites of heme binding in water-dissolved holo-myoglobin, with His93 being a proximal, strongly binding partner, while the distal His64 weakly coordinates to the heme through a small-molecule ligand, e.g., water or O(2). The heme bonding scheme in a water-free environment is as yet unclear. Here we employed electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry to study the preferential attachment site of the ferri-heme (Fe(3+)) in electrospray-produced 12+, 14+, and 16+ holo-myoglobin ions. Contrary to expectations, in lower-charge complexes that should have a structure resembling that in solution, the heme seems to be preferentially attached to the "distal" histidine. In contrast, in the highest studied charge state, the "proximal" histidine is the site of preferential attachment; the 14+ charge state is an intermediate case. This surprising finding raises a question of heme coordination in proteins transferred to water-free environment, as well as the effect of the protonation sites on heme bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atim A Enyenihi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheelesväg 2, SE-17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yi J, Thomas LM, Musayev FN, Safo MK, Richter-Addo GB. Crystallographic trapping of heme loss intermediates during the nitrite-induced degradation of human hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2011; 50:8323-32. [PMID: 21863786 DOI: 10.1021/bi2009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an important cofactor in a large number of essential proteins and is often involved in small molecule binding and activation. Loss of heme from proteins thus negatively affects the function of these proteins but is also an important component of iron recycling. The characterization of intermediates that form during the loss of heme from proteins has been problematic, in a large part, because of the instability of such intermediates. We have characterized, by X-ray crystallography, three compounds that form during the nitrite-induced degradation of human α(2)β(2) hemoglobin (Hb). The first is an unprecedented complex that exhibits a large β heme displacement of 4.8 Å toward the protein exterior; the heme displacement is stabilized by the binding of the distal His residue to the heme Fe, which in turn allows for the unusual binding of an exogenous ligand on the proximal face of the heme. We have also structurally characterized complexes that display regiospecific nitration of the heme at the 2-vinyl position; we show that heme nitration is not a prerequisite for heme loss. Our results provide structural insight into a possible pathway for nitrite-induced loss of heme from human Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.
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37
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Cation Modulation of Hemoglobin Interaction with Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). II: Calcium Modulation at pH 5.0. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 61:573-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Merlino A, Howes BD, Prisco GD, Verde C, Smulevich G, Mazzarella L, Vergara A. Occurrence and formation of endogenous histidine hexa-coordination in cold-adapted hemoglobins. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:295-303. [PMID: 21491555 DOI: 10.1002/iub.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and crystallographic evidence of endogenous (His) ligation at the sixth coordination site of the heme iron has been reported for monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric hemoglobins (Hbs) in both ferrous (hemochrome) and ferric (hemichrome) oxidation states. In particular, the ferric bis- histidyl adduct represents a common accessible ordered state for the β chains of all tetrameric Hbs isolated from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fish. Indeed, the crystal structures of known tetrameric Hbs in the bis-His state are characterized by a different binding state of the α and β chains. An overall analysis of the bis-histidyl adduct of globin structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank reveals a marked difference between hemichromes in tetrameric Hbs compared to monomeric/dimeric Hbs. Herein, we review the structural, spectroscopic and stability features of hemichromes in tetrameric Antarctic fish Hbs. The role of bis-histidyl adducts is also addressed in a more evolutionary context alongside the concept of its potential physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemistry "Paolo Corradini," University of Naples "Federico II," Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Italy
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Cation Modulation of Hemoglobin Interaction with Sodium n-Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). I: Calcium Modulation at pH 7.20. Cell Biochem Biophys 2010; 60:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Gebicka L, Banasiak E. Interactions of anionic surfactants with methemoglobin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 83:116-21. [PMID: 21131182 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of two anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) at concentrations below and above critical micelle concentration with methemoglobin (metHb) have been investigated by conventional as well as by stopped-flow absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of metHb in AOT reverse micelles have been also analyzed. Both surfactants in their monomeric form convert metHb to reversible hemichrome. This is connected with a diminution of peroxidase-like activity of metHb and with an increase of the susceptibility of heme for a damage by H(2)O(2). In micellar solutions of AOT and SDS as well as in AOT reverse micelles pentacoordinated ferric species seems to be the predominant form of this protein. It has been concluded, basing on a kinetic analysis, that conformational changes in the heme environment of metHb as induced by both surfactants occur independently of the alterations in the tertiary structure of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gebicka
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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41
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Culbertson DS, Olson JS. Role of heme in the unfolding and assembly of myoglobin. Biochemistry 2010; 49:6052-63. [PMID: 20540498 DOI: 10.1021/bi1006942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The unfolding of wild-type holomyoglobin in the ferric state (metMb) appears to be a simple two-state process, even though hemichrome spectra are often observed and apoMb denaturation involves an intermediate. To resolve these discrepancies, we measured GuHCl-induced, equilibrium unfolding of five sperm whale metMb variants, which were selected to examine the relative importance of apoglobin stability and hemin affinity. Combined analysis of CD, Trp fluorescence, and Soret absorbance titration curves for all the variants requires a six-state mechanism containing native (N), intermediate (I), and unfolded (U) states of apoMb and their hemin-bound counterparts, NH (holoMb), IH, and UH, respectively. The unfolding parameters for the apoMbs were obtained in independent experiments and then fixed in the analysis of the holoprotein data, where only the affinities of the apoglobin states for hemin were allowed to vary. This cofactor binding analysis applies generally to all globins and led to three specific conclusions. (1) The stability of holo-metMb is determined primarily by the high affinity (K(d) approximately 10(-13) M) of native apoMb (N) for hemin. (2) The partially unfolded intermediate with hemin bound (IH) has a hemichrome spectrum indicative of a bis-histidyl axial coordination and is seen clearly when the stability of the N state or its affinity for hemin is reduced. (3) Although the affinity of the intermediate for hemin (K(d) approximately 10(-11) M) is approximately 100-fold lower than that for the native state, free hemin can bind to it and promote the assembly of the holoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Culbertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and W. M. Keck Center for Computational Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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42
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Sugawara Y, Hayashi Y, Shigemasa Y, Abe Y, Ohgushi I, Ueno E, Shimamoto F. Molecular biosensing mechanisms in the spleen for the removal of aged and damaged red cells from the blood circulation. SENSORS 2010; 10:7099-121. [PMID: 22163593 PMCID: PMC3231191 DOI: 10.3390/s100807099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Heinz bodies are intraerythrocytic inclusions of hemichrome formed as a result of hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation. They typically develop in aged red cells. Based on the hypothesis that hemichrome formation is an innate characteristic of physiologically normal Hb molecules, we present an overview of our previous findings regarding the molecular instability of Hb and the formation of hemichrome, as well as recent findings on Heinz body formation within normal human erythrocytes. Human adult Hb (HbO2 A) prepared from healthy donors showed a tendency to produce hemichrome, even at close to physiological temperature and pH. Recent studies found that the number of Heinz bodies formed in red cells increased with increasing temperature when freshly drawn venous blood from healthy donors was subjected to mild heating above 37 °C. These findings suggest that Hb molecules control the removal of non-functional erythrocytes from the circulation via hemichrome formation and subsequent Heinz body clustering. In this review, we discuss the molecular biosensing mechanisms in the spleen, where hemichrome formation and subsequent Heinz body clustering within erythrocytes play a key role in the removal of aged and damaged red cells from the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sugawara
- Department of Health Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
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43
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Shikama K, Matsuoka A. Structure-Function Relationships in Unusual Nonvertebrate Globins. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 39:217-59. [PMID: 15596552 DOI: 10.1080/10409230490514008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the literature and our own results, this review summarizes the most recent state of nonvertebrate myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) research, not as a general survey of the subject but as a case study. For this purpose, we have selected here four typical globins to discuss their unique structures and properties in detail. These include Aplysia myoglobin, which served as a prototype for the unusual globins lacking the distal histidine residue; midge larval hemoglobin showing a high degree of polymorphism; Tetrahymena hemoglobin evolved with a truncated structure; and yeast flavohemoglobin carrying an enigmatic two-domain structure. These proteins are not grouped by any common features other than the fact they have globin domains and heme groups. As a matter of course, various biochemical functions other than the conventional oxygen transport or storage have been proposed so far to these primitive or ancient hemoglobins or myoglobins, but the precise in vivo activity is still unclear. In this review, special emphasis is placed on the stability properties of the heme-bound O2. Whatever the possible roles of nonvertebrate myoglobins and hemoglobins may be (or might have been), the binding of molecular oxygen to iron(II) must be the primary event to manifest their physiological functions in vivo. However, the reversible and stable binding of O2 to iron(II) is not a simple process, since the oxygenated form of Mb or Hb is oxidized easily to its ferric met-form with the generation of superoxide anion. The metmyoglobin or methemoglobin thus produced cannot bind molecular oxygen and is therefore physiologically inactive. In this respect, protozoan ciliate myoglobin and yeast flavohemoglobin are of particular interest in their very unique structures. Indeed, both proteins have been found to have completely different strategies for overcoming many difficulties in the reversible and stable binding of molecular oxygen, as opposed to the irreversible oxidation of heme iron(II). Such comparative studies of the stability of MbO2 or HbO2 are of primary importance, not only for a full understanding of the globin evolution, but also for planning new molecular designs for synthetic oxygen carriers that may be able to function in aqueous solution and at physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Shikama
- Biological Institute, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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44
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Giordano D, Russo R, Coppola D, di Prisco G, Verde C. Molecular adaptations in haemoglobins of notothenioid fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 76:301-318. [PMID: 20738709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since haemoglobins of all animal species have the same haem group, differences in their properties, including oxygen affinity, electrophoretic mobility and pH sensitivity, must result from the interaction of the prosthetic group with specific amino-acid residues in the primary structure. For this reason, fish globins have been the subject of extensive studies in recent years, not only for their structural characteristics, but also because they offer the possibility to investigate the evolutionary history of these ancient molecules in marine and freshwater species living in a great variety of environmental conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function and phylogeny of haemoglobins of notothenioid fishes. On the basis of crystallographic analysis, the evolution of the Root effect is analysed. Adaptation of the oxygen transport system in notothenioids seems to be based on evolutionary changes, involving levels of biological organization higher than the structure of haemoglobin. These include changes in the rate of haemoglobin synthesis or in regulation by allosteric effectors, which affect the amount of oxygen transported in blood. These factors are thought to be more important for short-term response to environmental challenges than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giordano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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45
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Role of the cysteine protease interpain A of Prevotella intermedia in breakdown and release of haem from haemoglobin. Biochem J 2009; 425:257-64. [PMID: 19814715 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative oral anaerobe Prevotella intermedia forms an iron(III) protoporphyrin IX pigment from haemoglobin. The bacterium expresses a 90 kDa cysteine protease, InpA (interpain A), a homologue of Streptococcus pyogenes streptopain (SpeB). The role of InpA in haemoglobin breakdown and haem release was investigated. At pH 7.5, InpA mediated oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin to hydroxymethaemoglobin [in which the haem iron is oxidized to the Fe(III) state and which carries OH- as the sixth co-ordinate ligand] by limited proteolysis of globin chains as indicated by SDS/PAGE and MALDI (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization)-TOF (time-of-flight) analysis. Prolonged incubation at pH 7.5 did not result in further haemoglobin protein breakdown, but in the formation of a haemoglobin haemichrome (where the haem Fe atom is co-ordinated by another amino acid ligand in addition to the proximal histidine residue) resistant to degradation by InpA. InpA-mediated haem release from hydroxymethaemoglobin-agarose was minimal compared with trypsin at pH 7.5. At pH 6.0, InpA increased oxidation at a rate greater than auto-oxidation, producing aquomethaemoglobin (with water as sixth co-ordinate ligand), and resulted in its complete breakdown and haem loss. Aquomethaemoglobin proteolysis and haem release was prevented by blocking haem dissociation by ligation with azide, whereas InpA proteolysis of haem-free globin was rapid, even at pH 7.5. Both oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin and breakdown of methaemoglobin by InpA were inhibited by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 [trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane]. In summary, we conclude that InpA may play a central role in haem acquisition by mediating oxyhaemoglobin oxidation, and by degrading aquomethaemoglobin in which haem-globin affinity is weakened under acidic conditions.
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47
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Vergara A, Franzese M, Merlino A, Bonomi G, Verde C, Giordano D, di Prisco G, Lee HC, Peisach J, Mazzarella L. Correlation between hemichrome stability and the root effect in tetrameric hemoglobins. Biophys J 2009; 97:866-74. [PMID: 19651045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of Hbs leads to the formation of different forms of Fe(III) that are relevant to a range of biochemical and physiological functions. Here we report a combined EPR/x-ray crystallography study performed at acidic pH on six ferric tetrameric Hbs. Five of the Hbs were isolated from the high-Antarctic notothenioid fishes Trematomus bernacchii, Trematomus newnesi, and Gymnodraco acuticeps, and one was isolated from the sub-Antarctic notothenioid Cottoperca gobio. Our EPR analysis reveals that 1), in all of these Hbs, at acidic pH the aquomet form and two hemichromes coexist; and 2), only in the three Hbs that exhibit the Root effect is a significant amount of the pentacoordinate (5C) high-spin Fe(III) form found. The crystal structure at acidic pH of the ferric form of the Root-effect Hb from T. bernacchii is also reported at 1.7 A resolution. This structure reveals a 5C state of the heme iron for both the alpha- and beta-chains within a T quaternary structure. Altogether, the spectroscopic and crystallographic results indicate that the Root effect and hemichrome stability at acidic pH are correlated in tetrameric Hbs. Furthermore, Antarctic fish Hbs exhibit higher peroxidase activity than mammalian and temperate fish Hbs, suggesting that a partial hemichrome state in tetrameric Hbs, unlike in monomeric Hbs, does not remove the need for protection from peroxide attack, in contrast to previous results from monomeric Hbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
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48
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Tokumasu F, Nardone GA, Ostera GR, Fairhurst RM, Beaudry SD, Hayakawa E, Dvorak JA. Altered membrane structure and surface potential in homozygous hemoglobin C erythrocytes. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5828. [PMID: 19503809 PMCID: PMC2688750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoglobin C differs from normal hemoglobin A by a glutamate-to-lysine substitution at position 6 of beta globin and is oxidatively unstable. Compared to homozygous AA erythrocytes, homozygous CC erythrocytes contain higher levels of membrane-associated hemichromes and more extensively clustered band 3 proteins. These findings suggest that CC erythrocytes have a different membrane matrix than AA erythrocytes. Methodology and Findings We found that AA and CC erythrocytes differ in their membrane lipid composition, and that a subset of CC erythrocytes expresses increased levels of externalized phosphatidylserine. Detergent membrane analyses for raft marker proteins indicated that CC erythrocyte membranes are more resistant to detergent solubilization. These data suggest that membrane raft organization is modified in CC erythrocytes. In addition, the average zeta potential (a measure of surface electrochemical potential) of CC erythrocytes was ≈2 mV lower than that of AA erythrocytes, indicating that substantial rearrangements occur in the membrane matrix of CC erythrocytes. We were able to recapitulate this low zeta potential phenotype in AA erythrocytes by treating them with NaNO2 to oxidize hemoglobin A molecules and increase levels of membrane-associated hemichromes. Conclusion Our data support the possibility that increased hemichrome deposition and altered lipid composition induce molecular rearrangements in CC erythrocyte membranes, resulting in a unique membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Tokumasu
- Biophysical and Biochemical Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Merlino A, Vergara A, Sica F, Mazzarella L. The bis-histidyl complex in hemoproteins: A detailed conformational analysis of database protein structures and the case of Antarctic fish hemoglobins. Mar Genomics 2009; 2:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Verde C, Giordano D, Russo R, Riccio A, Vergara A, Mazzarella L, di Prisco G. Hemoproteins in the cold. Mar Genomics 2009; 2:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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