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Wahia H, Fakayode OA, Mustapha AT, Zhou C, Dabbour M. Application and potential of multifrequency ultrasound in juice industry: Comprehensive analysis of inactivation and germination of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4561-4586. [PMID: 36412233 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2143475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of acidic fruits are perishable owing to their high-water activity, which promotes microbial activity, thus exhibiting metabolic functions that cause spoilage. Along with sanitary practices, several treatments are used during processing and/or storage to inhibit the development of undesirable bacteria. To overcome the challenges caused by mild heat treatment, juice manufacturers have recently increased their involvement in developing novel non-thermal processing procedures. Ultrasonication alone or in combination with other hurdle technologies may be used to pasteurize processed fruit juices. Multifrequency ultrasound has gained popularity due to the fact that mono-frequency ultrasound has less impact on bacterial inactivation and bioactive compound enhancement of fruit juice. Here, we present and discuss the fundamental information and technological knowledge of how spoilage bacteria, specifically Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, assemble resistant spores and inactivate and germinate dormant spores in response to nutrient germinants and physical treatments such as heat and ultrasound. To the authors' knowledge, no prior review of ultrasonic inactivation and germination of A. acidoterrestris in fruit juice exists. Therefore, this article aims to provide a review of previously published research on the inactivation and germination of A. acidoterrestris in fruit juice by ultrasound and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafida Wahia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | | | | | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, PR China
| | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
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Ioannou PV, Tsivgoulis GM. Preparation of (mono)sulfonates: Suitable precursors for unnatural sulfonolipids. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the preparation of the novel unnatural, non-isosteric sulfonolipids bearing one, two and three acyl groups 8, 9 and 10, their precursors hydroxyl-containing sulfonates have been prepared from a variety of hydroxyl-containing halogenides and epoxides using the Strecker reaction. Thus, the sulfonates 16 and 22 were prepared pure, while the sulfonate 27 could only be prepared as a by-product using 1,4-dibromo-2,3-butanediol 26 and in low yields. For these reactions, probable pathways leading to the isolated or spectroscopically identified products are proposed. Conclusions about the relative nucleophilicity of SO32- compared to AsO33 - (as well as HO- which is present in their aqueous solutions) were drawn based on the yields of the corresponding arsonic acids and sodium sulfonates. The IR (KBr) and 1H NMR (D2O) spectra of sulfonates (and in some cases of their sulfonic acids) are analyzed and discussed.
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Landry ML, Hu DX, McKenna GM, Burns NZ. Catalytic Enantioselective Dihalogenation and the Selective Synthesis of (-)-Deschloromytilipin A and (-)-Danicalipin A. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5150-8. [PMID: 27018981 PMCID: PMC4922634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-based catalytic enantioselective dichlorination of simple allylic alcohols is described. This dichlorination reaction provides stereoselective access to all common dichloroalcohol building blocks used in syntheses of chlorosulfolipid natural products. An enantioselective synthesis of ent-(-)-deschloromytilipin A and a concise, eight-step synthesis of ent-(-)-danicalipin A are executed and employ the dichlorination reaction as the first step. Extension of this system to enantioselective dibromination and its use in the synthesis of pentabromide stereoarrays relevant to bromosulfolipids is reported. The described dichlorination and dibromination reactions are capable of exerting diastereocontrol in complex settings allowing X-ray crystal structure analysis of natural and unnatural diastereomers of polyhalogenated stereohexads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Grace M. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abstract
Many halogenases interchangeably incorporate chlorine and bromine into organic molecules. On the basis of an unsubstantiated report that the alga Ochromonas danica, a prodigious producer of chlorosulfolipids, was able to produce bromosulfolipids, we have investigated the promiscuity of its halogenases toward bromine incorporation. We have found that bromosulfolipids are produced with the exact positional and stereochemical selectivity as in the chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A when this alga is grown under modified conditions containing excess bromide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. White
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Brendan M. Duggan
- 9500 Gilman Drive, #0684, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Shiou-Chuan Tsai
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
- 3205 McGaugh Hall, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617
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Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Vanderwal CD. General approach to the synthesis of the chlorosulfolipids danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in enantioenriched form. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2226-41. [PMID: 24494597 PMCID: PMC3954434 DOI: 10.1021/jo5000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A second-generation synthesis of three structurally related chlorosulfolipids has been developed. Key advances include highly stereocontrolled additions to α,β-dichloroaldehydes, kinetic resolutions of complex chlorinated vinyl epoxide intermediates, and Z-selective alkene cross metatheses of cis-vinyl epoxides. This strategy facilitated the synthesis of enantioenriched danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in nine, eight, and 11 steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph S. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences
II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A synthesis of the chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A via a longest linear sequence of seven steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10052-5. [PMID: 23929596 PMCID: PMC3835569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Magnificent seven: The chlorosulfolipid mytilipin A was synthesized in racemic form in seven steps and in enantioenriched form in eight steps. Key transformations include a highly diastereoselective bromoallylation of a sensitive α,β-dichloroaldehyde, a kinetic resolution of a vinyl epoxide, a convergent and highly Z-selective alkene cross-metathesis, and a chemoselective and diastereoselective dichlorination of a complex diene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, U.S.A. Homepage: http://www.chem.uci.edu/~cdv
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Chung WJ, Carlson JS, Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. A Synthesis of the Chlorosulfolipid Mytilipin A via a Longest Linear Sequence of Seven Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bedke DK, Vanderwal CD. Chlorosulfolipids: structure, synthesis, and biological relevance. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:15-25. [PMID: 21125121 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorosulfolipids have been isolated from freshwater algae and from toxic mussels. They appear to have a structural role in algal membranes and have been implicated in Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning. Further fascinating aspects of these compounds include their stereochemically complex polychlorinated structures and the resulting strong conformational biases, and their poorly understood (yet surely compelling) biosynthesis. Discussions of each of these topics and of efforts in structural and stereochemical elucidation and synthesis are the subject of this Highlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karl Bedke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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Robina I, Gómez-Bujedo S, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Fuentes J. Introduction ofC-Sulfonate Groups into Disaccharide Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919808004290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
A comprehensive survey has been made of all fatty acids containing halogen atoms covalently bonded to carbon and which are deemed as naturally occurring. Generally thought to be minor components produced by many different organisms, these interesting compounds now number more than 300. Recent research, especially in the marine area, indicates this number will increase in the future. Sources of halogenated fatty acids include microorganisms, algae, marine invertebrates, and higher plants and some animals. Their possible biological significance has also been discussed
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, PO Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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12
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Koshy KM, Boggs JM. The effect of anomerism and hydration on the C-O-S vibrational frequency of d-galactose-3-sulfate determined by FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Batrakov SG, Nikitin DI, Pitryuk IA. A novel glycolipid, 1,2-diacyl-3-alpha-D-glucuronopyranosyl-sn-glycerol taurineamide, from the budding seawater bacterium Hyphomonas jannaschiana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1302:167-76. [PMID: 8695667 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(96)00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A previously unknown glycolipid has been isolated from the budding seawater bacterium Hyphomonas jannaschiana VP-2T devoid of phospholipids. Using a combination of chromatographic, spectrometric, enzymic- and chemical-degradation methods, the structure of the lipid has been determined to be 1,2-diacyl-3-alpha-D-glucuronopyranosyl-sn-glycerol taurineamide. Its main fatty acyls are n-16:0, cis-16:1 omega 7, n-18:0, cis-18:1 omega 7, and n-19:0. The hydroxyl at the sn-1 position of the glycerol residue is acylated predominantly with unsaturated fatty acids, and the secondary hydroxyl at the sn-2 carbon is acylated mainly with saturated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Batrakov
- Applied Ecology Research Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Matsubara T, Iida-Tanaka N, Kamekura M, Moldoveanu N, Ishizuka I, Onishi H, Hayashi A, Kates M. Polar lipids of a non-alkaliphilic extremely halophilic archaebacterium strain 172: a novel bis-sulfated glycolipid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1214:97-108. [PMID: 8068733 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extremely halophilic archaebacteria which require high salt concentrations for growth and survival contain glycerol diether analogues of phospholipids and sulfated glycolipids as major membrane polar lipids. A non-alkaliphilic, non-pigmented rod-shaped extreme halophile, isolated from sea sand in Japan and designated 'strain 172', was found to contain two phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylglyceromethylphosphate (PGP-Me), derived from both C20-C20- and C20-C25-glycerol diethers, and a novel major glycolipid (designated SGL-X). This glycolipid has been identified as a bis-sulfated diglycosyl C20-C20- or C20-C25-glycerol diether, on the basis of its TLC mobility, positive-staining behavior with sugar and sulfate-staining reagents, its mole ratio sulfate/glycolipid = 2.2, and by spectrometric analysis (IR and FAB-MS) of the intact and the desulfated SGL-X. The sugars were identified as mannose and glucose, after acid hydrolysis of SGL-X, by paper chromatography of the free sugars and GC-MS of the derivatized sugars (alditol acetates). Permethylation analysis and 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis established the position and configuration of the sugar linkages and the positions of the sulfate groups. The final structure of SGL-X (now designated S2-DGD-1) is proposed to be: 2,3-diphytanyl- or phytanyl-sesterterpenyl-1-[2,6-(HSO3)2-alpha-Manp-1--> 2- Glcp]-sn-glycerol. This lipid is the first bis-sulfated glycolipid to be reported in extremely halophilic archaebacteria, and is the first in the biosphere that possesses two sulfate groups attached to the same monosaccaride.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Huang C, Mason JT. Structure and properties of mixed-chain phospholipid assemblies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 864:423-70. [PMID: 3539195 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(86)90005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Barber J, Gounaris K. What role does sulpholipid play within the thylakoid membrane? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 9:239-249. [PMID: 24442300 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1985] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol is a negatively charged lipid which exists in the thylakoid membrane. It is proposed that a large proportion of this acidic lipid does not form a part of the bulk lipid matrix but is closely associated with protein complexes where it is tightly bound and participates in either optimising catalytic activities, or maintaining the complexes in a functional conformation. Experimental evidence for this proposal is emerging from studies with isolated photosystem 2, and coupling factor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barber
- AFRC Photosynthesis Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, SW7 2BB, London, UK
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17
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Batrakov SG, Muratov VB, Sakandelidze OG, Reshetova OS, Rozynov BV. Sterol sulfates from the Far Eastern holothurianCucumaria japonica. Chem Nat Compd 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00574332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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19
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Langworthy TA. Lipids of Bacteria Living in Extreme Environments. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES AND TRANSPORT 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Prokazova NV, Mikhailov AT, Kocharov SL, Malchenko LA, Zvezdina ND, Buznikov G, Bergelson LD. Unusual gangliosides of eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Structure and density-dependence of surface localization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 115:671-7. [PMID: 6786889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
From eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius two gangliosides, provisionally named G-1 and G-2, were isolated in the pure state. Both gangliosides contained glucose, N-glycoloylneuraminic acid and sphingosines in a 2:2:1 ratio; G-2 contained also a sulfate group, and yielded G-1 on desulfation. By periodate oxidation/borohydride reduction, permethylation analysis, neuraminidase degradation, analysis of the aldohexitol acetates and mass-spectrometry G-1 and G-2 were shown to have hitherto unknown structures: G-1 was identified as N-glycoloylneuraminosyl-(alpha 2 leads to 6)-glucosyl-(1 leads to 8)-N-glycoloylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 6)-glucosyl-(1 leads to 1)-ceramide, and G-2 as sulfated G-1, carrying a sulfate ester group at C-8 of the terminal sialic acid. Antisera against the two gangliosides were prepared in rabbits by immunization with ganglioside G-1 or G-2. The specificity of the antisera was revealed by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The antisera did not react with bovine-brain and rat-liver gangliosides, with glucosylceramide and with various hydrolytic fragments of G-1 and G-2. The surface localization of the gangliosides in embryos incubated at different cell densities was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. The intensity of the immunofluorescence was found to increase with decreasing cell density, indicating a different surface organization in sparse and dense embryos. In the sparse embryos immunofluorescence was seen mainly in the contact regions between the blastomers.
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Godchaux W, Leadbetter ER. Capnocytophaga spp. contain sulfonolipids that are novel in procaryotes. J Bacteriol 1980; 144:592-602. [PMID: 6253439 PMCID: PMC294706 DOI: 10.1128/jb.144.2.592-602.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of unusual sulfonolipids was found in bacteria of the genus Capnocytophaga. One of these lipids, to which we have assigned the trivial name capnine, was isolated in 98% pure form and was identified, by infrared absorption spectrometry, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and other methods, as 2-amino-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecane-1-sulfonic acid. Another lipid appears to be an N-acylated version of capnine; after acid hydrolysis, its sulfur was recovered in a form chromatographically indistinguishable from that of capnine. The new lipids are related structurally to sphingosine and the ceramides, respectively, but differ markedly from those compounds in important respects, notably the presence of the sulfonate group. Some Capnocytophaga strains accumulated mostly capnine, whereas others accumulated mostly N-acylcapnine. All seven strains examined were found to contain the new lipids, in amounts ranging from 7 to 16 mumol/g of cells (wet weight). The lipids were found in isolated cell envelopes, where they were present in amounts ranging up to 400 mg/g of envelope protein; they are, accordingly, major cell components.
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Evans RW, Kushwaha SC, Kates M. The lipids of Halobacterium marismortui, an extremely halophilic bacterium in the Dead Sea. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 619:533-44. [PMID: 7459364 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The lipids of an extremely halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium marismortui, isolated from the Dead Sea, were found to contain 86% polar lipids and 14% non-polar lipids. Four major polar lipids were detected, all derivatives of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol: (1) a novel glycolipid, 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1'-6')-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-( 1'-2')-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol (11 mol%); (2) phosphatidylglycerol (11 mol%); (3) phosphatidylglycerophosphate (62 mol%); (4) phosphatidylglycerosulfate (17 mol%). In addition, a minor glycolipid (less than 1 mol%) was detected and partially characterized. Trace levels of two other unidentified glycolipids and of two unidentified phospholipids were also detected. In contrast to Halobacterium cutirubrum and H. halobium, H. marismortui did not contain any detectable sulfated glycolipid but appeared to compensate for this deficit in sulfate by having a high content of phosphatidylglycerosulfate compared to that in H. cutirubrum. The number of negative changes per mol ionic lipid appeared to be about the same for both halophiles. The non-polar lipids in H. marismortui consisted mostly of squalenes, vitamin MK-8 and bacterioruberins with traces of beta-carotene, lycopene and retinal, as in H. cutirubrum.
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Falk KE, Karlsson KA, Samuelsson BE. Structural analysis by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy of the glycolipid sulfate from Halobacterium salinarium and a note on its possible function. Chem Phys Lipids 1980; 27:9-21. [PMID: 7408063 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(80)90044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The major glycolipid sulfate of the extreme halophile Halobacterium salinarium was isolated and characterised mainly by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The mass spectrum of the permethylated, desulfated and trimethylsilylated derivative showed the molecule to be a trihexosyl glycerol C20-diether with the sulfate group on the terminal hexose. A 3-position of the sulfate was indicated by the mass spectrum obtained after acetylation and trimethylsilylation (solvolysis of sulfate and replacement by a trimethylsilyl group). The NMR spectrum of the desulfated permethylated glycolipid gave conclusive evidence for the presence of one beta and two alpha anomeric protons. With the knowledge of degradation data it was possible to assign the beta signal to galactose (terminal hexose), and the alpha signals to glucose and mannose. These data together make it likely that the glycolipid sulfate is identical in structure with the glycolipid from Halobacterium cutirubrum characterised previously (M. Kates and P.W. Deroo, J. Lipid Res., 14 (1973) 438). On the basis of a suggested function of cerebroside sulfate of animal origin (identical polar end with the bacterial glycolipid: beta-galactopyranose-3-sulfate) and the present knowledge of ion transport in Halobacteria, it is proposed that the bacterial glycolipid may function as a selective K+ receptor for the K+ transport from a high-Na+ and low-K+ outside medium.
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Abstract
The chemical syntheses of naturally occurring glycolipids derived from sphingosine bases and glycerol derivatives, and the syntheses of polyisoprenoid lipid intermediates and other miscellaneous glycolipids recorded up to the end of 1977 are reviewed.
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Anderson R, Kates M, Volcani BE. Identification of the sulfolipids in the non-photosynthetic diatom Nitzschia alba. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 528:89-106. [PMID: 620045 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(78)90055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The four major sulfolipids in the non-photosynthetic marine diatom, Nitzschia alba, were isolated in pure form and their structures were established spectrometrically and by identification of their hydrolysis products as (a) 24-methylene cholesterol sulfate, (b) 1-deoxyceramide-1-sulfonate, (c) phosphatidyl sulfocholine (a sulfonium analogue of phosphatidylcholine) and (d) sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride. The major characteristic fatty acids of the sulfolipids were: for the deoxyceramide sulfonate, 16 : 0 (26%) and 16 : 1-delta3-trans (64%); for the sulfonium analogue, 14 : 0 (30%), 18 : 1 (12%), 18 : 2 (8%), 20 : 5 (27%) and 22 : 6 (4%); and for the sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride (two species, respectively), 14 : 0 (9%, 22%), 16 : 0 (16%, 28%), 18 : 1 (8%, 22%), 20 : 5 (42%, 23%) and 22 : 6 (14%, 2%). Traces of lyso-derivatives of sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride and phosphatidyl sulfocholine were also detected. The deoxyceramide sulfonate and the phosphatidyl sulfocholine represent novel membrane lipid components not previously detected in other organisms. They may however have a widespread distribution in marine diatoms and perhaps in marine organisms generally.
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26
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Fluharty AL, Stevens RL, Miller RT, Kihara H. Sulfoglycerogalactolipid from rat testis: a substrate for pure human arylsulfatase A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 61:348-54. [PMID: 4441402 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Karlsson KA, Samuelsson BE, Steen GO. The lipid composition and Na+-K+-dependent adenosine-triphosphatase activity of the salt (nasal) gland of eider duck and herring gull. A role for sulphatides in sodium-ion transport. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 46:243-58. [PMID: 4277708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Langworthy TA, Mayberry WR, Smith PF. Long-chain glycerol diether and polyol dialkyl glycerol triether lipids of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. J Bacteriol 1974; 119:106-16. [PMID: 4407015 PMCID: PMC245579 DOI: 10.1128/jb.119.1.106-116.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contain about 2.5% total lipid on a dry-weight basis. Total lipid was found to contain 10.5% neutral lipid, 67.6% glycolipid, and 21.7% polar lipid. The lipids contained C(40)H(80) isopranol glycerol diethers. Almost no fatty acids were present. The glycolipids were composed of about equal amounts of the glycerol diether analogue of glucosyl galactosyl diglyceride and a glucosyl polyol glycerol diether. The latter compound contained an unidentified polyol attached by an ether bond to the glycerol diether. The polar lipids contained a small amount of sulfolipid, which appeared to be the monosulfate derivative of glucosyl polyol glycerol diether. About 40% of the lipid phosphorus was found in the diether analogue of phosphatidyl inositol. The remaining lipid phosphorus was accounted for by approximately equal amounts of two inositol monophosphate-containing phosphoglycolipids, inositolphosphoryl glucosyl galactosyl glycerol diether and inositolphosphoryl glucosyl polyol glycerol diether.
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Knapp A, Kornblatt MJ, Schachter H, Murray RK. Studies on the biosynthesis of testicular sulfoglycerogalactolipid: demonstration of a Golgi-associated sulfotransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 55:179-86. [PMID: 4783344 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(73)80076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Mooney CL, Haines TH. Chlorination and sulfation reactions in the biosynthesis of chlorosulfolipids in Ochromonas danica, in vivo. Biochemistry 1973; 12:4469-72. [PMID: 4750256 DOI: 10.1021/bi00746a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Mooney CL, Mahoney EM, Pousada M, Haines TH. Direct incorporation of fatty acids into the halosulfatides of Ochromonas danica. Biochemistry 1972; 11:4839-44. [PMID: 4347704 DOI: 10.1021/bi00775a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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