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Wood CBS. Immune Deficiency. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577707001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C B S Wood
- Academic Department of Child Health, Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney Road, London E2 8PS
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Carson DA, Kaye J. Deoxyribonucleoside toxicity in adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency: implications for the development of new immunosuppressive agents. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008:115-33. [PMID: 115660 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720516.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunodeficient state associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency may result from the selective phosphorylation by thymus-derived lymphocytes of the ADA substrate deoxyadenosine and the PNP substrate deoxyguanosine, leading to the intracellular trapping of toxic deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Agents such as deoxycytidine might be able to favourably modify the immunodeficient state by inhibiting deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylation. Deficiencies of other nucleotide catabolic enzymes, if selectively expressed by lymphocytes, might also lead to immunodeficiency via nucleoside trapping in lymphoid tissues. Purine deoxyribonucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with ADA inhibitors, may have value as lymphospecific antimetabolites.
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Robertson DG, Urda ER, Bleavins MR, Lalwani ND. Changes in monkey plasma purines induced by repeated doses of CI-1000, a novel inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 370:173-7. [PMID: 7660884 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2584-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D G Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Toxicology, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ingolia DE, Yeung CY, Shoemaker C, Kaufman RJ, Kellems RE. Expression of murine ADA cDNA in bacterial and mammalian cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 195 Pt A:223-9. [PMID: 3524134 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5104-7_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ingolia DE, Yeung CY, Orengo IF, Harrison ML, Frayne EG, Rudolph FB, Kellems RE. Purification and characterization of adenosine deaminase from a genetically enriched mouse cell line. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yeung CY, Ingolia DE, Roth DB, Shoemaker C, Al-Ubaidi MR, Yen JY, Ching C, Bobonis C, Kaufman RJ, Kellems RE. Identification of functional murine adenosine deaminase cDNA clones by complementation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Rudolph FB, Kulkarni AD, Schandle VB, Van Buren CT. Involvement of dietary nucleotides in T lymphocyte function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 165 Pt B:175-8. [PMID: 6372378 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0390-0_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The data described above show clearly that absence of a dietary source of preformed purine or pyrimidine bases suppress T lymphocyte function. The heart allograft model assesses the T lymphocyte response to allografts. The SRBC sensitization assay indicates the activity of T effector cells is involved in delayed hypersensitivity. The mitogen assays clearly indicate a dietary effect on in vitro T cell response. The effect of dietary nucleotides on immune function should be of great importance in a number of clinical situations. These include management of organ transplant patients, in recovery from malnutrition, in various chemotherapeutic regimens and in treatment of T cell derived leukemias.
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Yeung CY, Frayne EG, Al-Ubaidi MR, Hook AG, Ingolia DE, Wright DA, Kellems RE. Amplification and molecular cloning of murine adenosine deaminase gene sequences. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yeung CY, Ingolia DE, Bobonis C, Dunbar BS, Riser ME, Siciliano MJ, Kellems RE. Selective overproduction of adenosine deaminase in cultured mouse cells. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)82070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yeung CY, Riser ME, Kellems RE, Siciliano MJ. Increased expression of one of two adenosine deaminase alleles in a human choriocarcinoma cell line following selection with adenine nucleosides. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)82069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bagnara AS, Hershfield MS. Mechanism of deoxyadenosine-induced catabolism of adenine ribonucleotides in adenosine deaminase-inhibited human T lymphoblastoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:2673-7. [PMID: 6283540 PMCID: PMC346263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of ATP accompanying accumulation of dATP has recently been reported to occur in the erythrocytes and lymphoblasts of patients with T lymphocytic leukemia during treatment with deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) that causes the accumulation of deoxyadenosine. We have studied the mechanisms responsible for adenine ribonucleotide depletion in cultured human CEM T lymphoblastoid cells treated with deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine. Accumulation of dATP was accompanied by depletion of total soluble adenine ribonucleotides without change in the adenylate energy charge, by the route ATP --> AMP --> IMP --> inosine --> hypoxanthine; conversion of IMP to AMP and de novo purine synthesis were inhibited in these cells. ATP degradation did not occur in a mutant of CEM that was incapable of phosphorylating deoxyadenosine, or in a B cell line with very limited ability to accumulate dATP. We found that dATP and ATP were both able to stimulate markedly the deamination of AMP by lymphoblast AMP deaminase; dAMP was a poor substrate for this enzyme (K(m) = 2.4 mM, vs. 0.4 mM for AMP). Similarly, dATP as well as ATP caused marked activation of IMP dephosphorylation by a lymphoblast cytoplasmic nucleotidase. Inhibition of intracellular AMP deaminase with coformycin prevented degradation of adenine ribonucleotides without affecting dATP accumulation. We propose that ATP-dependent phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine generates ADP and AMP. Simultaneously, dATP accumulation stimulates deamination of AMP, but not dAMP, and the dephosphorylation of IMP to inosine. Coupling of AMP degradation to ATP utilization in deoxyadenosine phosphorylation maintains the adenylate energy charge despite net depletion of cellular ATP.
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Thuillier L, Garreau F, Cartier P. Inability of immunocompetent thymocytes to produce T-cell growth factor under adenosine deaminase deficiency conditions. Cell Immunol 1981; 63:81-90. [PMID: 6974051 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(81)90030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yip LC, Tedde A, Balis ME. Effects of 2'-deoxycoformycin infusion on mouse phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:2888-90. [PMID: 6254541 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hirschhorn R, Bajaj S, Borkowsky W, Kowalski A, Hong R, Rubinstein A, Papageorgiou P. Differential inhibition of adenosine deaminase deficient peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoid line cells by deoxyadenosine and adenosine. Cell Immunol 1979; 42:418-23. [PMID: 311698 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Garcia RC, Leoni P, Allison AC. Control of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthesis in human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 77:1067-73. [PMID: 197945 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(77)80086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hjemdahl-Monsen CE, Papastathopoulos DS, Rechnitz GA. Automated adenosine deaminase enzyme determination with an ammonia-sensing membrand electrode. Anal Chim Acta 1977; 88:253-9. [PMID: 835828 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Carson DA, Goldblum R, Keightley R, Seegmiller JE. Immunoreactive adenosine deaminase (ADA) in cultured fibroblasts from patients with combined immunodeficiency disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 76A:463-70. [PMID: 855722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4223-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in human lymphocytes. Inhibitory effect of guanine and guanosine on induction of enzymes for pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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McGuire TC, Pollara B, Moore JJ, Poppie MJ. Evaluation of adenosine deaminase and other purine salvage pathway enzymes in horses with combined immunodeficiency. Infect Immun 1976; 13:995-7. [PMID: 818021 PMCID: PMC420706 DOI: 10.1128/iai.13.3.995-997.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foals with combined immunodeficiency had normal levels of purine salvage pathway enzymes, including adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase.
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Hirschhorn R, Beratis N, Rosen FS. Characterization of residual enzyme activity in fibroblasts from patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency and combined immunodeficiency: evidence for a mutant enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:213-7. [PMID: 1061119 PMCID: PMC335871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of patients suffering from the autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency have an inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4; adenosine aminohydrolase) (erythrocyte isoenzyme). We have, however, found residual adenosine deaminase activity in fibroblasts derived from four such patients. The enzyme responsible for this activity is biochemically homologous with the high-molecular-weight tissue isoenzyme of adenosine deaminase found in normal fibroblasts and tissues other than erythrocytes. The residual adenosine deaminase has an altered electrophoretic mobility, increased heat stability as compared to normals, and can be detected in fibroblasts of obligate heterozygotes. Our previous studies have indicated that the tissue and erythrocyte adenosine deaminase isoenzymes contain a common catalytic unit controlled by the gene affected in severe combined immunodeficiency with absent adenosine deaminase (erythrocyte isoenzyme). This residual adenosine deaminase therefore represents, most likely, a "mutant" enzyme in fibroblasts of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. The data support the hypothesis that, in these patients, severe combined immunodeficiency is due to a mutation at the adenosine deaminase locus.
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Allison AC, Hovi T, Watts RW, Webster AD. Immunological observations on patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and on the role of de-novo purine synthesis in lymphocyte transformation. Lancet 1975; 2:1179-83. [PMID: 53661 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were found to have normal delayed hypersensitivity, peripheral-blood T-lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte responses to P.H.A., and serum IgM, IgA, and IgE levels. However, the percentages of B-lymphocytes, IgG levels, serum-isohaemagglutinin titres, and lymphocyte responses to pokeweed mitogen (P.W.M.) were subnormal. These observations suggest that activity of the salvage pathway of purine synthesis catalysed by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (H.G.P.R.T.) is not required for the responses of T-lymphocytes to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation, but may contribute to the proliferation and function of B lymphocytes. The major role of the de-novo pathway of purine synthesis in human lymphocyte responses to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation is shown by the effects of inhibitors of this pathway, including immunosuppressive agents, and by the effects of congenital deficiency or inhibition of adenosine deaminase.
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Hovi T, Allison AC, Allsop J. Rapid increase of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate concentration after mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes. FEBS Lett 1975; 55:291-3. [PMID: 1140425 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)81014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Giblett ER, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Sandman R, Diamond LK. Nucleoside-phosphorylase deficiency in a child with severely defective T-cell immunity and normal B-cell immunity. Lancet 1975; 1:1010-3. [PMID: 48676 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl with a history of recurrent infection and anaemia has no measurable purine nucleoside phosphorylase (N.P.) activity in her red blood-cells. Her serum-immunoglobulin levels are normal, as are her antibody responses to thymus dependent and independent antigens. However, she has severe lymphopenia, pronounced depression of lymphocyte response to mitogenic and allogeneic cell stimuli, and greatly decreased T-cell rosette formation. Her parents are second cousins; their red cells contain less than half the normal level of N.P. activity. They also share an unusual N.P. isozyme pattern indicative of molecular hybridisation between catalytically active and inactive subunits, which strongly supports the assumption that they are heterozygous and their daughter is homozygous for a "silent" allele at the N.P. gene locus. Inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme catalysing a reaction only one metabolic step away from that of N.P., is known to cause immunodeficiency. It is therefore very likely that this patient's lack of demonstrable N.P. activity is responsible for her syndrome.
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Purtilo DT, Cassel CK, Yang JP, Harper R. X-linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan's disease). Lancet 1975; 1:935-40. [PMID: 48119 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Of 18 boys in Duncan kindred, 6 died of a lymphoproliferative disease. They exhibited a subtle, progressive combined variable immunodeficiency disease characterised by benign or malignant proliferation of lymphocytes, histiocytosis, and alterations in concentrations of serum-immunoglobulins. Infectious mononucleosis occurred during or preceding terminal events in at least 3 of the cousins. Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical lymphocytosis, and a spectrum ranging from agammaglobulinaemia to polyclonal hyper-gammaglobulinaemia occurred. At necropsy, the thymus gland and thymic-dependent areas in the lymph-nodes and spleen were depleted of lymphocytes. Diffuse infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, some containing erythrocytes, invaded the haematopoietic organs, viscera, and central nervous system. In addition, 2 half-brothers had lymphomas of the ileum and central nervous system. Approximately half the boys, including the half-brothers, were affected, and girls were spared, implying sex-linked recessive inheritance. Various lymphohistiocytoses resemble Duncan's disease, but it is distinctive from them in the mode of inheritance or by histiological characteristics. This study suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus or other viruses triggered the fatal proliferation of lymphocytes and that progressive attrition of T-cell functions allowed uncontrolled lymphoproliferation.
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