Starner TD, Agerberth B, Gudmundsson GH, McCray PB. Expression and Activity of β-Defensins and LL-37 in the Developing Human Lung.
THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005;
174:1608-15. [PMID:
15661923 DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1608]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immaturity of innate immunity contributes to the increased susceptibility of human neonates to infection. The lung is a major portal of entry for potential pathogens in the neonate, and human beta-defensins (HBDs) and LL-37 participate in pulmonary innate immunity. We hypothesized that these antimicrobial factors would be developmentally regulated, expressed by neonatal pulmonary tissues, and participate in neonatal innate immunity. We found HBD-2 to be the predominant beta-defensin in human neonatal lung. HBD-2 mRNA expression was developmentally regulated, induced by the proinflammatory factor IL-1beta, and decreased by dexamethasone. Additionally, HBD-2 abundance in neonatal tracheal aspirates increased as a function of gestational age. HBD-1 had a lower level of expression compared with HBD-2 and was induced by dexamethasone. HBD-3 and LL-37 messages were not detected in airway epithelial cultures. Additionally, each antimicrobial peptide exhibited a unique spectrum of antimicrobial activity and salt sensitivity against bacteria commonly causing sepsis in the neonate. Lower levels of HBD-2 may be one factor contributing to the increased susceptibility of premature infants to pulmonary infections.
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