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Mesa D, Barbieri E, Raimondi A, Freddi S, Miloro G, Jendrisek G, Caldieri G, Quarto M, Schiano Lomoriello I, Malabarba MG, Bresci A, Manetti F, Vernuccio F, Abdo H, Scita G, Lanzetti L, Polli D, Tacchetti C, Pinton P, Bonora M, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. A tripartite organelle platform links growth factor receptor signaling to mitochondrial metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5119. [PMID: 38879572 PMCID: PMC11180189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One open question in the biology of growth factor receptors is how a quantitative input (i.e., ligand concentration) is decoded by the cell to produce specific response(s). Here, we show that an EGFR endocytic mechanism, non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE), which is activated only at high ligand concentrations and targets receptor to degradation, requires a tripartite organelle platform involving the plasma membrane (PM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. At these contact sites, EGFR-dependent, ER-generated Ca2+ oscillations are sensed by mitochondria, leading to increased metabolism and ATP production. Locally released ATP is required for cortical actin remodeling and EGFR-NCE vesicle fission. The same biochemical circuitry is also needed for an effector function of EGFR, i.e., collective motility. The multiorganelle signaling platform herein described mediates direct communication between EGFR signaling and mitochondrial metabolism, and is predicted to have a broad impact on cell physiology as it is activated by another growth factor receptor, HGFR/MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mesa
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gorana Jendrisek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Quarto
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Schiano Lomoriello
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Hind Abdo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Truong DT, Ho K, Nhi HTY, Nguyen VH, Dang TT, Nguyen MT. Imidazole[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors unraveled by umbrella sampling and steered molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12218. [PMID: 38806555 PMCID: PMC11133355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the use of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been proved that it can save live in a cancer treatment, the currently used drugs bring in many undesirable side-effects. Therefore, the search for new drugs and an evaluation of their efficiency are intensively carried out. Recently, a series of eighteen imidazole[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives were synthetized by us, and preliminary analyses pointed out their potential to be an important platform for pharmaceutical development owing to their promising actions as anticancer agents and enzyme (kinase, HIV-protease,…) inhibitors. In the present theoretical study, we further analyzed their efficiency in using a realistic scenario of computational drug design. Our protocol has been developed to not only observe the atomistic interaction between the EGFR protein and our 18 novel compounds using both umbrella sampling and steered molecular dynamics simulations, but also determine their absolute binding free energies. Calculated properties of the 18 novel compounds were in detail compared with those of two known drugs, erlotinib and osimertinib, currently used in cancer treatment. Inspiringly the simulation results promote three imidazole[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives as promising inhibitors into a further step of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Toan Truong
- Laboratory for Chemical Computation and Modeling, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kiet Ho
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Quang Trung Software City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Yen Nhi
- Laboratory for Chemical Computation and Modeling, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Van Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, 11021, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Thanh Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, 11021, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Laboratory for Chemical Computation and Modeling, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam.
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3
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Onda M, Ota A, Ito K, Ono T, Karnan S, Kato M, Kondo S, Furuhashi A, Hayashi T, Hosokawa Y, Kazaoka Y. Inhibition of VEGFR2 and EGFR signaling cooperatively suppresses the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16416-16430. [PMID: 37341071 PMCID: PMC10469792 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and EGFR-targeting therapeutics have been widely employed to treat patients with a variety of carcinomas including OSCC. Here, we aimed to investigate alternative signaling for OSCC survival under the disruption of EGFR signaling. METHODS OSCC cell lines, namely HSC-3 and SAS, were utilized to investigate how EGFR disruption affects cell proliferation. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to examine how EGFR disruption affects oncogenic signaling in OSCC cells. Disruption of KDR gene was performed using CRISPR/Cas9 techniques. A VEGFR inhibitor, vatalanib was used to research the impact of VEGFR inhibition on OSCC survival. RESULTS EGFR disruption significantly decreased the proliferation and oncogenic signaling including Myc and PI3K-Akt, in OSCC cells. Chemical library screening assays revealed that VEGFR inhibitors continued to inhibit the proliferation of EGFR-deficient OSCC cells. In addition, CRISPR-mediated disruption of KDR/VEGFR2 retarded OSCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, combined erlotinib-vatalanib treatment exhibited a more potent anti-proliferative effect on OSCC cells, compared to either monotherapy. The combined therapy effectively suppressed the phosphorylation levels of Akt but not p44/42. CONCLUSION VEGFR-mediated signaling would be an alternative signaling pathway for the survival of OSCC cells under the disruption of EGFR signaling. These results highlight the clinical application of VEGFR inhibitors in the development of multi-molecular-targeted therapeutics against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Onda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of BiochemistryAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
- Department of Food and Nutritional EnvironmentCollege of Human Life and EnvironmentKinjo Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kunihiro Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Takayuki Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of BiochemistryAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Mikako Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Sayuri Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Akifumi Furuhashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Tomio Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of BiochemistryAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Kazaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
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4
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Farahani PE, Yang X, Mesev EV, Fomby KA, Brumbaugh-Reed EH, Bashor CJ, Nelson CM, Toettcher JE. pYtags enable spatiotemporal measurements of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in living cells. eLife 2023; 12:82863. [PMID: 37212240 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are major signaling hubs in metazoans, playing crucial roles in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, few tools are available to measure the activity of a specific RTK in individual living cells. Here, we present pYtags, a modular approach for monitoring the activity of a user-defined RTK by live-cell microscopy. pYtags consist of an RTK modified with a tyrosine activation motif that, when phosphorylated, recruits a fluorescently labeled tandem SH2 domain with high specificity. We show that pYtags enable the monitoring of a specific RTK on seconds-to-minutes time scales and across subcellular and multicellular length scales. Using a pYtag biosensor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we quantitatively characterize how signaling dynamics vary with the identity and dose of activating ligand. We show that orthogonal pYtags can be used to monitor the dynamics of EGFR and ErbB2 activity in the same cell, revealing distinct phases of activation for each RTK. The specificity and modularity of pYtags open the door to robust biosensors of multiple tyrosine kinases and may enable engineering of synthetic receptors with orthogonal response programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam E Farahani
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
- Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Emily V Mesev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Kaylan A Fomby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Ellen H Brumbaugh-Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Caleb J Bashor
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
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5
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Saemundsson SA, Ganguly S, Curry SD, Goodwin AP, Cha JN. Controlling Cell Organization in 3D Coculture Spheroids Using DNA Interactions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37155244 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of stromal and immune cells in transforming the tumor microenvironment is a key consideration in understanding tumor cell behavior and anticancer drug development. To better model these systems in vitro, 3D coculture tumor spheroids have been engineered using a variety of techniques including centrifugation to microwells, hanging drop, low adhesion cultures, and culture of cells in a microfluidic platform. Aside from using bioprinting, however, it has remained more challenging to direct the spatial organization of heterotypic cells in standalone 3D spheroids. To address this, we present an in vitro 3D coculture tumor model where we modulated the interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts through DNA hybridization. When native heterotypic cells are simply mixed, the cell aggregates typically show cell sorting behavior to form phase separated structures composed of single cell types. In this work, we demonstrate that when MDA-MB-468 breast cancer and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts are directed to associate via complementary DNA, a uniform distribution of the two cell types within a single spheroid was observed. In contrast, in the absence of specific DNA interactions between the cancer cells and fibroblasts, individual clusters of the NIH/3T3 cells formed in each spheroid due to cell sorting. To better understand the effect of heterotypic cell organization on either cell-cell contacts or matrix protein production, the spheroids were further stained with anti-E-cadherin and antifibronectin antibodies. While the amounts of E-cadherin appeared to be similar between the spheroids, a significantly higher amount of fibronectin secretion was observed in the coculture spheroids with uniform mixing of two cell types. This result showed that different heterotypic cell distributions within 3D architecture can influence the ECM protein production that can again alter the properties of the tumor or tumor microenvironment. The present study thus describes the use of DNA templating to direct the organization of cells in coculture spheroids, which can provide mechanistic biological insight into how heterotypic distribution in tumor spheroids can influence tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Saemundsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Saheli Ganguly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Shane D Curry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Andrew P Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jennifer N Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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6
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Ko A, Hasanain M, Oh YT, D'Angelo F, Sommer D, Frangaj B, Tran S, Bielle F, Pollo B, Paterra R, Mokhtari K, Soni RK, Peyre M, Eoli M, Papi L, Kalamarides M, Sanson M, Iavarone A, Lasorella A. LZTR1 Mutation Mediates Oncogenesis through Stabilization of EGFR and AXL. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:702-723. [PMID: 36445254 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
LZTR1 is the substrate-specific adaptor of a CUL3-dependent ubiquitin ligase frequently mutated in sporadic and syndromic cancer. We combined biochemical and genetic studies to identify LZTR1 substrates and interrogated their tumor-driving function in the context of LZTR1 loss-of-function mutations. Unbiased screens converged on EGFR and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases as LZTR1 interactors targeted for ubiquitin-dependent degradation in the lysosome. Pathogenic cancer-associated mutations of LZTR1 failed to promote EGFR and AXL degradation, resulting in dysregulated growth factor signaling. Conditional inactivation of Lztr1 and Cdkn2a in the mouse nervous system caused tumors in the peripheral nervous system including schwannoma-like tumors, thus recapitulating aspects of schwannomatosis, the prototype tumor predisposition syndrome sustained by LZTR1 germline mutations. Lztr1- and Cdkn2a-deleted tumors aberrantly accumulated EGFR and AXL and exhibited specific vulnerability to EGFR and AXL coinhibition. These findings explain tumorigenesis by LZTR1 inactivation and offer therapeutic opportunities to patients with LZTR1-mutant cancer. SIGNIFICANCE EGFR and AXL are substrates of LZTR1-CUL3 ubiquitin ligase. The frequent somatic and germline mutations of LZTR1 in human cancer cause EGFR and AXL accumulation and deregulated signaling. LZTR1-mutant tumors show vulnerability to concurrent inhibition of EGFR and AXL, thus providing precision targeting to patients affected by LZTR1-mutant cancer. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Young Taek Oh
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Danika Sommer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Brulinda Frangaj
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne Tran
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Paris, France
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Neurosurgery Service, Paris, France
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthieu Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Neurosurgery Service, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service of Neurology 2-Mazarin, Equipe lLNCC, Paris, France
| | - Marica Eoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- The Department of Experimental and Clinical, Medical Genetics Unit, Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Neurosurgery Service, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service of Neurology 2-Mazarin, Equipe lLNCC, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain Institute, ICM, AP-HP, University Hospital La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service of Neurology 2-Mazarin, Equipe lLNCC, Paris, France
- Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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7
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) system has allowed chemists, biologists, and clinicians to improve our understanding of cell production and cancer therapy. The discovery of EGF led to the recognition of cell surface receptors capable of controlling the proliferation and survival of cells. The detailed structures of the EGF-like ligand and the responses of their receptors (EGFR-family) has revealed the conformational and aggregation changes whereby ligands activate the intracellular kinase domains. Biophysical analysis has revealed the preformed clustering of different EGFR-family members and the processes which occur on ligand binding. Understanding these receptor activation processes and the consequential cytoplasmic signaling has allowed the development of inhibitors which are revolutionizing cancer therapy. This Review describes the recent progress in our understanding of the activation of the EGFR-family, the effects of signaling from the EGFR-family on cell proliferation, and the targeting of the EGFR-family in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony W Burgess
- Honorary Laboratory Head, Personalized Oncology Division, WEHI, Parkville3050, Australia.,Professor Emeritus, Departments of Medical Biology and Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne3052, Australia.,The Brain Cancer Centre at WEHI, Parkville3052, Australia
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9
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Interactions between EGFR and EphA2 promote tumorigenesis through the action of Ephexin1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:528. [PMID: 35668076 PMCID: PMC9170705 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell signaling factors EGFR, EphA2, and Ephexin1 are associated with lung and colorectal cancer and play an important role in tumorigenesis. Although the respective functional roles of EGFR and EphA2 are well known, interactions between these proteins and a functional role for the complex is not understood. Here, we showed that Ephexin1, EphA2, and EGFR are each expressed at higher levels in lung and colorectal cancer patient tissues, and binding of EGFR to EphA2 was associated with both increased tumor grade and metastatic cases in both cancer types. Treatment with Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) induced binding of the RR domain of EGFR to the kinase domain of EphA2, and this binding was promoted by Ephexin1. Additionally, the AKT-mediated phosphorylation of EphA2 (at Ser897) promoted interactions with EGFR, pointing to the importance of this pathway. Two mutations in EGFR, L858R and T790M, that are frequently observed in lung cancer patients, promoted binding to EphA2, and this binding was dependent on Ephexin1. Our results indicate that the formation of a complex between EGFR, EphA2, and Ephexin1 plays an important role in lung and colorectal cancers, and that inhibition of this complex may be an effective target for cancer therapy.
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10
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The HER family as therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 174:103681. [PMID: 35462030 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER, ErbB) family has four members, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4. Although distinct in ligands and functions, all of the HER family members are receptor tyrosine kinases playing important roles in the pathogenesis of cancers. In the era of precision medicine, the HER family is one of the most important and successful cancer therapeutic targets, hallmarked by the approval of anti-EGFR therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and anti-HER2 therapies for the treatment of breast cancer and gastric cancer. This review briefly discusses how HER family members were discovered, their functions and roles in cancer, and most importantly, the developmental history and recent updates of therapies targeting HER family members, with colorectal cancer as a focus. We also discussed the patient selection and drug resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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11
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Lv Y, Jiao S, Zhao W. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:245-250. [PMID: 35380719 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yu C, Long Z, Qiu Q, Liu F, Xu Y, Zhang T, Guo R, Zhong W, Huang S, Chen S. Graphene quantum dots‐based targeted nanoprobes detecting drug delivery, imaging, and enhanced chemotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10270. [PMID: 35600653 PMCID: PMC9115680 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main clinical treatments for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is chemotherapy, but systemic administration can cause serious adverse reactions. New type of nanomaterial which can actively targeting, imaging, and treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the same time to enhance the effect of chemotherapy, meanwhile monitoring the intracellular drug release process at the level of single cancer cell was urgently needed. GE11, an EGFR antagonist peptide, was used to target nasopharyngeal carcinoma which has positive expression of EGFR on its nucleus. GE11‐modified graphene quantum dots (GQDs@GE11) were used as drug carriers for clinical chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and doxorubicin (DOX). The emission spectrum of GQDs (460 nm) and the excitation spectrum of DOX (470 nm) have a good overlap, thus the transfer and release process of DOX can be sensitively detected by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). CDDP was used to enhance the chemotherapy effect of nanoprobe, and the loading amount of DOX and CDDP on GQDs@GE11 nanoprobe were up to 67 and 50 mg/g, respectively. In vivo experiments have confirmed that GQDs@GE11/CDDP/DOX nanoprobe can be enriched to tumor site through specific targeting effect, and significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This new type of targeted therapy fluorescent probe provides new ideas for the study of drug release process and the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology head and neck Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qianhui Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuixian Huang
- Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Shanghai China
| | - Shuaijun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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13
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Ferrer‐Tasies L, Santana H, Cabrera‐Puig I, González‐Mira E, Ballell‐Hosa L, Castellar‐Álvarez C, Córdoba A, Merlo‐Mas J, Gerónimo H, Chinea G, Falcón V, Moreno‐Calvo E, Pedersen JS, Romero J, Navarro‐Requena C, Valdés C, Limonta M, Berlanga J, Sala S, Martínez E, Veciana J, Ventosa N. Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor/Quatsome Nanoconjugates: A Robust Topical Delivery System for Complex Wound Healing. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ferrer‐Tasies
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
- Nanomol Technologies S.L. Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Hector Santana
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Ingrid Cabrera‐Puig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Elisabet González‐Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Lídia Ballell‐Hosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
- Nanomol Technologies S.L. Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | | | - Alba Córdoba
- Nanomol Technologies S.L. Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | | | - Haydee Gerónimo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Glay Chinea
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Viviana Falcón
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Evelyn Moreno‐Calvo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 Aarhus C DK‐8000 Denmark
| | - Jessica Romero
- Health and Biomedicine Unit LEITAT Technological Center C/ de la Innovació, 2 Terrassa Barcelona 08225 Spain
| | - Claudia Navarro‐Requena
- Health and Biomedicine Unit LEITAT Technological Center C/ de la Innovació, 2 Terrassa Barcelona 08225 Spain
| | - Calixto Valdés
- National Institute for Angiology and Vascular Surgery 1551 Calzada del Cerro, Cerro Havana 12000 Cuba
| | - Miladys Limonta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Jorge Berlanga
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Santiago Sala
- Nanomol Technologies S.L. Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa Havana 10600 Cuba
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona ICMAB‐CSIC/CIBER‐BBN Campus Universitari Bellaterra 08193 Spain
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14
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Ahn HY, Song RY, Ahn HS, Kim HS. Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 53:1204-1212. [PMID: 33592140 PMCID: PMC8524007 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the rate of expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β1 (ERβ1), progesterone receptor (PR), and rate of overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a relatively large cohort of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We also aimed to examine whether each receptor influenced clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PTC. Materials and Methods We made a microarray of paraffin-embedded PTC surgical tissues from 436 patients. We compared the results of the immunohistochemical staining for each hormone receptor with clinicopathological characteristics. Results The positive expression rate of hormonal receptors was 40.4% for ERα, 83.7% for ERβ1, and 71.3% for PR in patients with PTC. Overexpression of EGFR was shown in 19.3% of patients with PTC. The age was lower (44.6±12.1 years vs. 47.1±12.5 years, p=0.040) and tumor smaller (0.96±0.69 cm vs. 1.13±0.82 cm, p=0.020) in the ERα positive group, which also showed higher PR positivity (80.7% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.001) and overexpression of EGFR (27.3% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). However, neither the positivity of hormone receptors nor overexpression of EGFR affected the recurrence of PTC. Conclusion In conclusion, most (94.6%) patients with PTC were found to exhibit positive expression for ERs or PR. We also found that neither the positive expression of hormone receptors nor overexpression of EGFR were associated with the recurrence of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ra-Yeong Song
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Shin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Mohr JD, Wagenknecht-Wiesner A, Holowka DA, Baird BA. Basic Amino Acids Within the Juxtamembrane Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Regulate Receptor Dimerization and Auto-phosphorylation. Protein J 2020; 39:476-486. [PMID: 33211253 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dysregulation is observed in many human cancers and is both a cause of oncogenesis and a target for chemotherapy. We previously showed that partial charge neutralization of the juxtamembrane (JX) region of EGFR via the EGFR R1-6 mutant construct induces constitutive receptor activation and transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, both from the plasma membrane and from the ER when combined with the ER-retaining L417H mutation (Bryant et al. in J Biol Chem 288:34930-34942, 2013). Here, we use chemical crosslinking and immunoblotting to show that these mutant constructs form constitutive, phosphorylated dimers in both the plasma membrane and the ER. Furthermore, we combine this electrostatic perturbation with conformationally-restricted receptor mutants to provide evidence that activation of EGFR R1-6 dimers requires functional coupling both between the EGFR extracellular dimerization arms and between intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. These findings provide evidence that the electrostatic charge of the JX region normally serves as a negative regulator of functional dimerization of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Mohr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Graduate Field of Pharmacology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Graduate Field of Pharmacology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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16
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Byrne PO, Hristova K, Leahy DJ. EGFR forms ligand-independent oligomers that are distinct from the active state. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13353-13362. [PMID: 32727847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that forms activated oligomers in response to ligand. Much evidence indicates that EGFR/ERBB1 also forms oligomers in the absence of ligand, but the structure and physiological role of these ligand-independent oligomers remain unclear. To examine these features, we use fluorescence microscopy to measure the oligomer stability and FRET efficiency for homo- and hetero-oligomers of fluorescent protein-labeled forms of EGFR and its paralog, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) in vesicles derived from mammalian cell membranes. We observe that both receptors form ligand-independent oligomers at physiological plasma membrane concentrations. Mutations introduced in the kinase region at the active state asymmetric kinase dimer interface do not affect the stability of ligand-independent EGFR oligomers. These results indicate that ligand-independent EGFR oligomers form using interactions that are distinct from the EGFR active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Byrne
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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17
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Huang Z, Wang SL, Chen H, Shen RK, Li XD, Huang QS, Wu CY, Weng DF, Lin JH. Clinicopathological and prognostic values of ErbB receptor family amplification in primary osteosarcoma. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:601-612. [PMID: 31663373 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1683764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor with extremely high invasion, metastasis and mortality. The prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma remains poor. The ErbB receptor family was found to be overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of ErbB receptor family in osteosarcoma has not been fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significances of ErbB receptors in primary osteosarcoma. Western blot (WB), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect the protein and gene expression of ErbB receptors in 60 primary osteosarcoma specimens and 30 non-neoplastic bone tissues. WB and RT-qPCR analyses showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of EGFR, ErbB3 and ErbB4 in osteosarcoma specimens were significantly higher than those in non-neoplastic bone tissues. Seventeen (28.33%), 15 (25.00%) and 15 (25.00%) osteosarcoma specimens presented with amplification of EGFR, ErbB3 and ErbB4 gene, respectively, which were significantly higher compared with non-neoplastic bone tissues. The amplification of ErbB3 and ErbB4 in osteosarcoma was associated with advanced surgical stage. The amplification of EGFR, ErbB3, ErbB4 and the co-amplification of EGFR-ErbB3, EGFR-ErbB4, ErbB3-ErbB4 was linked with poor response to chemotherapy and distant metastasis. The amplification of EGFR, ErbB3 and ErbB4, as well as their co-amplification demonstrated independent prognostic values for reduced survival time of osteosarcoma patients and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Kai Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Yang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Feng Weng
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Fujian Provincial Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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18
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Tsai CJ, Nussinov R. Emerging Allosteric Mechanism of EGFR Activation in Physiological and Pathological Contexts. Biophys J 2019; 117:5-13. [PMID: 31202480 PMCID: PMC6626828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are key players in signal transduction pathways where they are crafted into two functional states. In response to growth factor binding stimulus, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is physiologically populated in an autoinhibited inactive state, becomes active. Here, we outline a simple allostery scheme to clarify how an extracellular (ligand-dependent) binding event activates the intracellular EGFR kinase domain via (dimer-dependent) asymmetric dimerization, as well as how pathologically overexpressed EGFR or constitutively active mutants, leads to oncogenic pathway activation. Our underlying allosteric activation mechanism derives from a collection of inactive versus active EGFR structural, biochemical (negatively cooperative ligand binding), and biophysical (weak coupling between extracellular and intracellular kinase dimerization) data. The emerging structural insight reveals that ligand-dependent physiological activation is an outside-in allosteric activation with strong structural coupling across the membrane. In contrast, ligand-independent pathological activation is a weak inside-out activation mediated by intracellular kinase dimerization, which is structurally accommodated by additional extracellular dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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19
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Miller D, Ingersoll MA, Lin MF. ErbB-2 signaling in advanced prostate cancer progression and potential therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R195-R209. [PMID: 31294537 PMCID: PMC6628717 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US men. Most of these deaths are attributed to the development of castration-resistant (CR) PCa. ErbB-2 and ErbB family members have been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of this lethal disease. In this review, we focus on updating the role of ErbB-2 in advanced PCa progression and its regulation, including its regulation via ligand activation, miRNAs and protein phosphorylation. We also discuss its downstream signaling pathways, including AKT, ERK1/2 and STATs, involved in advanced PCa progression. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of ErbB-2, focusing on its protein hyper-phosphorylation status, as a biomarker for aggressive PCa as well as the effectiveness of ErbB-2 as a target for the treatment of CR PCa via a multitude of approaches, including orally available inhibitors, intratumoral expression of cPAcP, vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding Author: Ming-Fong Lin, Ph. D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA, TEL: (402) 559-6658, FAX: (402) 559-6650, (MFL)
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20
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Nasrollahi F, Koh YR, Chen P, Varshosaz J, Khodadadi AA, Lim S. Targeting graphene quantum dots to epidermal growth factor receptor for delivery of cisplatin and cellular imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:247-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Wang YN, Lee HH, Hung MC. A novel ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:83. [PMID: 30449278 PMCID: PMC6241042 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ribonuclease is known to participate in host defense system against pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and virus, which results in innate immune response. Nevertheless, its potential impact to host cells remains unclear. Of interest, several ribonucleases do not act as catalytically competent enzymes, suggesting that ribonucleases may be associated with certain intrinsic functions other than their ribonucleolytic activities. Most recently, human pancreatic ribonuclease 5 (hRNase5; also named angiogenin; hereinafter referred to as hRNase5/ANG), which belongs to the human ribonuclease A superfamily, has been demonstrated to function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. As a newly identified EGFR ligand, hRNase5/ANG associates with EGFR and stimulates EGFR and the downstream signaling in a catalytic-independent manner. Notably, hRNase5/ANG, whose level in sera of pancreatic cancer patients, serves as a non-invasive serum biomarker to stratify patients for predicting the sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the hRNase5/ANG-EGFR pair as an example to highlight a ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases, which are thought as two unrelated protein families associated with distinct biological functions. The notion of serum biomarker-guided EGFR-targeted therapies will also be discussed. Furthering our understanding of this novel ligand-receptor interaction will shed new light on the search of ligands for their cognate receptors, especially those orphan receptors without known ligands, and deepen our knowledge of the fundamental research in membrane receptor biology and the translational application toward the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
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22
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Meric-Bernstam F, Johnson AM, Dumbrava EEI, Raghav K, Balaji K, Bhatt M, Murthy RK, Rodon J, Piha-Paul SA. Advances in HER2-Targeted Therapy: Novel Agents and Opportunities Beyond Breast and Gastric Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2033-2041. [PMID: 30442682 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of HER2-targeted therapy for breast and gastric patients with ERBB2 (HER2) amplification/overexpression has led to dramatic improvements in oncologic outcomes. In the past 20 years, five HER2-targeted therapies have been FDA approved, with four approved in the past 8 years. HER2-targeted therapy similarly was found to improve outcomes in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Over the past decade, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing into clinical practice, our understanding of HER2 biology has dramatically improved. We have recognized that HER2 amplification is not limited to breast and gastric cancer but is also found in a variety of tumor types such as colon cancer, bladder cancer, and biliary cancer. Furthermore, HER2-targeted therapy has signal of activity in several tumor types. In addition to HER2 amplification and overexpression, there is also increased recognition of activating HER2 mutations and their potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, there is a rapidly growing number of new therapeutics targeting HER2 including small-molecule inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies. Taken together, an increasing number of patients are likely to benefit from approved and emerging HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ecaterina E Ileana Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kavitha Balaji
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle Bhatt
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rashmi K Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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23
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Pan M, Schinke H, Luxenburger E, Kranz G, Shakhtour J, Libl D, Huang Y, Gaber A, Pavšič M, Lenarčič B, Kitz J, Jakob M, Schwenk-Zieger S, Canis M, Hess J, Unger K, Baumeister P, Gires O. EpCAM ectodomain EpEX is a ligand of EGFR that counteracts EGF-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition through modulation of phospho-ERK1/2 in head and neck cancers. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006624. [PMID: 30261040 PMCID: PMC6177200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are characterized by outstanding molecular heterogeneity that results in severe therapy resistance and poor clinical outcome. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was recently revealed as a major parameter of poor clinical outcome. Here, we addressed the expression and function of the therapeutic target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of the major determinant of epithelial differentiation epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in clinical samples and in vitro models of HNSCCs. We describe improved survival of EGFRlow/EpCAMhigh HNSCC patients (n = 180) and provide a molecular basis for the observed disparities in clinical outcome. EGF/EGFR have concentration-dependent dual capacities as inducers of proliferation and EMT through differential activation of the central molecular switch phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) and EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) Snail, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1), and Slug. Furthermore, soluble ectodomain of EpCAM (EpEX) was identified as a ligand of EGFR that activates pERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and induces EGFR-dependent proliferation but represses EGF-mediated EMT, Snail, Zeb1, and Slug activation and cell migration. EMT repression by EpEX is realized through competitive modulation of pERK1/2 activation strength and inhibition of EMT-TFs, which is reflected in levels of pERK1/2 and its target Slug in clinical samples. Accordingly, high expression of pERK1/2 and/or Slug predicted poor outcome of HNSCCs. Hence, EpEX is a ligand of EGFR that induces proliferation but counteracts EMT mediated by the EGF/EGFR/pERK1/2 axis. Therefore, the emerging EGFR/EpCAM molecular cross talk represents a promising target to improve patient-tailored adjuvant treatment of HNSCCs. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) display poor survival, with death rates above 55%. Major factors affecting survival are metastases’ formation and therapy resistance. Phenotypic changes during partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) provide tumor cells with increased migration, invasion, and therapy resistance. Understanding molecular mechanisms of EMT, as a central process of the metastatic cascade and the development of therapy resistance, is therefore important. In the present work, we identified molecular cross talk between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a novel determinant of clinical outcome in HNSCCs. Low levels of EGFR but high levels of EpCAM (EGFRlow/EpCAMhigh) were associated with favorable prognosis, with survival rates above 90%, whereas EGFRhigh/EpCAMlow correlated with poor survival, below 10%. EGFR was shown to have a concentration-dependent capacity to induce proliferation and EMT. Proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) produces a ligand of EGFR that induces EGFR-dependent proliferation but counteracts EGF-induced EMT. We delineate an EGFR/extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)/EpCAM signaling axis that may be a promising therapeutic target for HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Luxenburger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Shakhtour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Darko Libl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanchi Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aljaž Gaber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Lenarčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Kitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Jakob
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Schwenk-Zieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Tiemann K, Garri C, Wang J, Clarke L, Kani K. Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30295648 DOI: 10.3791/57779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients with an aberrant regulation of the protein phosphorylation networks are often treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Response rates approaching 85% are common. Unfortunately, patients often become refractory to the treatment by altering their signal transduction pathways. An implementation of the expression profiling with microarrays can identify the overall mRNA-level changes, and proteomics can identify the overall changes in protein levels or can identify the proteins involved, but the activity of the signal transduction pathways can only be established by interrogating post-translational modifications of the proteins. As a result, the ability to identify whether a drug treatment is successful or whether resistance arose, or the ability to characterize any alterations in the signaling pathways, is an important clinical challenge. Here, we provide a detailed explanation of antibody arrays as a tool which can identify system-wide alterations in various post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation). One of the advantages of using antibody arrays includes their accessibility (an array does not require either an expert in proteomics or costly equipment) and speed. The availability of arrays targeting a combination of post-translational modifications is the primary limitation. In addition, unbiased approaches (phosphoproteomics) may be more suitable for the novel discovery, whereas antibody arrays are ideal for the most widely characterized targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tiemann
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Carolina Garri
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Lauren Clarke
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kian Kani
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California;
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25
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Wang YN, Lee HH, Chou CK, Yang WH, Wei Y, Chen CT, Yao J, Hsu JL, Zhu C, Ying H, Ye Y, Wang WJ, Lim SO, Xia W, Ko HW, Liu X, Liu CG, Wu X, Wang H, Li D, Prakash LR, Katz MH, Kang Y, Kim M, Fleming JB, Fogelman D, Javle M, Maitra A, Hung MC. Angiogenin/Ribonuclease 5 Is an EGFR Ligand and a Serum Biomarker for Erlotinib Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:752-769.e8. [PMID: 29606349 PMCID: PMC5893359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) is a secreted enzyme critical for host defense. We discover an intrinsic RNase function, serving as a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The closely related bovine RNase A and human RNase 5 (angiogenin [ANG]) can trigger oncogenic transformation independently of their catalytic activities via direct association with EGFR. Notably, high plasma ANG level in PDAC patients is positively associated with response to EGFR inhibitor erlotinib treatment. These results identify a role of ANG as a serum biomarker that may be used to stratify patients for EGFR-targeted therapies, and offer insights into the ligand-receptor relationship between RNase and RTK families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Cihui Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - How-Wen Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaan Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Fogelman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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26
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Wang H, Stoecklein NH, Lin PP, Gires O. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in motion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1884-1912. [PMID: 27683128 PMCID: PMC5352105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood with the gold standard CellSearchTM has proven prognostic value for tumor recurrence and progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, the further molecular characterization of isolated CTCs might have clinical relevance as liquid biopsy for therapeutic decision-making and to monitor disease progression. The direct analysis of systemic cancer appears particularly important in view of the known disparity in expression of therapeutic targets as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based heterogeneity between primary and systemic tumor cells, which all substantially complicate monitoring and therapeutic targeting at present. Since CTCs are the potential precursor cells of metastasis, their in-depth molecular profiling should also provide a useful resource for target discovery. The present review will discuss the use of systemically spread cancer cells as liquid biopsy and focus on potential target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors, Helmholtz, Germany
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27
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Tang JH, Chia D. Liquid Biopsies in the Screening of Oncogenic Mutations in NSCLC and its Application in Targeted Therapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2018; 20:357-71. [PMID: 27279235 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v20.i5-6.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still dominates cancer-related deaths in America. Despite this, new discoveries and advancements in technology are helping with the detection and treatment of NSCLC. The discovery of circulating tumor DNA in blood and other biofluids is essential for the creation of a DNA biomarker. Limitations in technology and sequencing have stunted assay development, but with recent advancements in the next-generation sequencing, droplet digital PCR, and EFIRM, the detection of mutations in biofluids has become possible with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. These methods have been applied to the detection of mutations in NSCLC by measuring the levels of circulating tumor DNA. ALK fusion genes along with mutations in EGFR and KRAS have been shown to correlate to tumor size and metastasis. These methods allow for noninvasive, affordable, and efficient diagnoses of oncogenic mutations that overcome the issues of traditional biopsies. These issues include tumor heterogeneity and early detection of cancers with asymptomatic early stages. Early detection and treatment remain the best way to ensure survival. This review aims to describe these new technologies along with their application in mutation detection in NSCLC in order to proactively utilize targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Tang
- Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Chia
- Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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28
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Ohnishi Y, Yasui H, Nozaki M, Nakajima M. Molecularly-targeted therapy for the oral cancer stem cells. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2017; 54:88-103. [PMID: 29755619 PMCID: PMC5944082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancer tissues are heterogeneous in nature and become differentiated during expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs initiate tumorigenesis, and are involved in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, data show that CSCs are highly resistant to anticancer drugs. Cetuximab, a specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, is used in cancer treatment. Although development of resistance to cetuximab is well recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Lapatinib, a dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB2, has antiproliferative effects and is used to treat patients with ErbB2-positive metastatic breast cancer. In this review, cetuximab and lapatinib-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells proliferation and migration signal transduction passway is discussed by introducing our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ohnishi
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasui
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Masami Nozaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
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29
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Al-Akhrass H, Naves T, Vincent F, Magnaudeix A, Durand K, Bertin F, Melloni B, Jauberteau MO, Lalloué F. Sortilin limits EGFR signaling by promoting its internalization in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1182. [PMID: 29084952 PMCID: PMC5662760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transduce information from the microenvironment into the cell and activate homeostatic signaling pathways. Internalization and degradation of EGFR after ligand binding limits the intensity of proliferative signaling, thereby helping to maintain cell integrity. In cancer cells, deregulation of EGFR trafficking has a variety of effects on tumor progression. Here we report that sortilin is a key regulator of EGFR internalization. Loss of sortilin in tumor cells promoted cell proliferation by sustaining EGFR signaling at the cell surface, ultimately accelerating tumor growth. In lung cancer patients, sortilin expression decreased with increased pathologic grade, and expression of sortilin was strongly correlated with survival, especially in patients with high EGFR expression. Sortilin is therefore a regulator of EGFR intracellular trafficking that promotes receptor internalization and limits signaling, which in turn impacts tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Amandine Magnaudeix
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Karine Durand
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - François Bertin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardio-vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
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30
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1001] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-studied signaling pathways in cancer progression. As a result, numerous therapeutics including small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target this critical oncogenic driver. Several of these EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) have been evaluated in metastatic breast cancer, as high-level EGFR expression in primary tumors correlates with the highly aggressive basal-like phenotype and predicts for poor patient prognosis. Surprisingly, these trials have been unanimously unsuccessful at improving patient outcomes. Numerous factors, such as lack of proper patient selection may have contributed to the failure of these trials. However, recent findings suggest that there are fundamental changes in EGFR signaling that take place during primary tumor invasion, dissemination and ultimate metastasis of breast cancer cells. Herein, we review the outcomes of EGFR-targeted clinical trials in breast cancer and explore our current understanding of EGFR signaling within primary mammary tumors and how these events are altered in the metastatic setting. Overall, we put forth the hypothesis that fundamental changes in EGFR signaling between primary and metastatic tumors, a process we term the 'EGFR paradox,' contribute to the clinically observed inherent resistance to EGFRi. Furthermore, this hypothesis introduces the possibility of utilizing EGFR agonism as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Abstract
The ErbB receptor family, also known as the EGF receptor family or type I receptor family, includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) or ErbB1/Her1, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3/Her3, and ErbB4/Her4. Among all RTKs, EGFR was the first RTK identified and the first one linked to cancer. Thus, EGFR has also been the most intensively studied among all RTKs. ErbB receptors are activated after homodimerization or heterodimerization. The ErbB family is unique among the various groups of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in that ErbB3 has impaired kinase activity, while ErbB2 does not have a direct ligand. Therefore, heterodimerization is an important mechanism that allows the activation of all ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation. The activated ErbB receptors bind to many signaling proteins and stimulate the activation of many signaling pathways. The specificity and potency of intracellular signaling pathways are determined by positive and negative regulators, the specific composition of activating ligand(s), receptor dimer components, and the diverse range of proteins that associate with the tyrosine phosphorylated C-terminal domain of the ErbB receptors. ErbB receptors are overexpressed or mutated in many cancers, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The overexpression and overactivation of ErbB receptors are correlated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, cancer metastasis, and lower survival rate. ErbB receptors, especially EGFR and ErbB2 have been the primary choices as targets for developing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 835 MSB, 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H7.
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Bai JW, Zhang YQ, Li YC, Zhang GJ. Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Overexpression of Twist. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1652:259-274. [PMID: 28791647 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7219-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease, and it therefore has remarkably different biological characteristics and clinical behavior. Breast cancer has been divided into several different molecular subtypes based on the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2, also named as ErbB2) status. Her2 is a member of EGFR family of transmembrane tyrosine kinase-type receptors, and is involved in the activation of its downstream signaling cascades, which could promote cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in tumors. In addition, Twist, a transcriptional factor has been shown to associate with ErbB2 signaling to increase the proliferation and the number of cells, and to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Deregulated cell proliferation can result in hyperplasia and even malignancies. Actually, the proliferative or survival ability of cells can be measured by a variety of methods. Clonogenic assay and CCK8 assay can serve as useful tools to test whether the clonogenic survival ability of tumor cells can be enhanced or reduced upon stimulation of appropriate mitogenic signals or a given cancer therapy respectively. A colony is defined as a cluster of at least 50 cells that can often only be determined microscopically. Moreover, migration and invasion assay, in some degree, represents the potential for EMT promotion. Here, we introduce colony formation assay; CCK8 proliferation assay; soft agar; and migration and invasion assay using overexpression of ErbB2 and EGFR receptors as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- The Breast Center, ChangJiang Scholar's Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- The Breast Center, ChangJiang Scholar's Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China
| | - Yao-Chen Li
- The Breast Center, ChangJiang Scholar's Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- The Breast Center, ChangJiang Scholar's Lab, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China.
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Mincione G, Di Marcantonio MC, Tarantelli C, Savino L, Ponti D, Marchisio M, Lanuti P, Sancilio S, Calogero A, Di Pietro R, Muraro R. Identification of the zinc finger 216 (ZNF216) in human carcinoma cells: a potential regulator of EGFR activity. Oncotarget 2016; 7:74947-74965. [PMID: 27732953 PMCID: PMC5342714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) proteins, is aberrantly expressed or deregulated in tumors and plays pivotal roles in cancer onset and metastatic progression. ZNF216 gene has been identified as one of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) induced by RTKs. Overexpression of ZNF216 protein sensitizes 293 cell line to TNF-α induced apoptosis. However, ZNF216 overexpression has been reported in medulloblastomas and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Thus, the role of this protein is still not clearly understood. In this study, the inverse correlation between EGFR and ZNF216 expression was confirmed in various human cancer cell lines differently expressing EGFR. EGF treatment of NIH3T3 cells overexpressing both EGFR and ZNF216 (NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216), induced a long lasting activation of EGFR in the cytosolic fraction and an accumulation of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) more in the nuclear than in the cytosolic fraction compared to NIH3T3-EGFR cells. Moreover, EGF was able to stimulate an increased expression of ZNF216 in the cytosolic compartment and its nuclear translocation in a time-dependent manner in NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216. A similar trend was observed in A431 cells endogenously expressing the EGFR and transfected with Znf216. The increased levels of pEGFR and ZNF216 in the nuclear fraction of NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216 cells were paralleled by increased levels of phospho-MAPK and phospho-Akt. Surprisingly, EGF treatment of NIH3T3-EGFR/ZNF216 cells induced a significant increase of apoptosis thus indicating that ZNF216 could sensitize cells to EGF-induced apoptosis and suggesting that it may be involved in the regulation and effects of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Mincione
- 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- 2 Center for Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Tarantelli
- 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- 6 Current Address: Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Savino
- 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Donatella Ponti
- 3 Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- 2 Center for Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
- 4 Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- 2 Center for Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
- 4 Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- 5 Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- 3 Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- 4 Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Muraro
- 1 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- 2 Center for Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
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Chowdhury SM, Xie S, Fang J, Lee SK, Sitharaman B. Nanoparticle-Facilitated Membrane Depolarization-Induced Receptor Activation: Implications on Cellular Uptake and Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2153-2161. [PMID: 33465891 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-specific uptake of drug delivery systems (DDSs) are crucial to achieve optimal efficacy of many drugs. Widely employed strategies to facilitate targeted intracellular drug delivery involves attachment of targeting ligands (peptides or antibodies) to DDSs. Target receptors mutations can limit the effectiveness of this approach. Herein, we demonstrate, through in vitro inhibitory and drug delivery studies, that graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), water dispersed with the amphiphilic polymer called PEG-DSPE ((1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [amino (polyethylene glycol)]) (induce membrane depolarization-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. This phenomenon is ligand-independent and EGFR activation occurs via influx of Ca2+ ions from the extracellular space. We further provide evidence, through in vivo studies, that this mechanism could be exploited to facilitate efficacious drug delivery into tumors that overexpress EGFR. The results suggest that transient membrane depolarization-facilitated cell receptor activation can be employed as an alternate strategy for enhanced intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mullick Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shawn Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Justin Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Stephen K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Ivey JW, Bonakdar M, Kanitkar A, Davalos RV, Verbridge SS. Improving cancer therapies by targeting the physical and chemical hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:330-9. [PMID: 26724680 PMCID: PMC4919249 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are highly heterogeneous at the patient, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. This multi-scale heterogeneity poses significant challenges for effective therapies, which ideally must not only distinguish between tumorous and healthy tissue, but also fully address the wide variety of tumorous sub-clones. Commonly used therapies either leverage a biological phenotype of cancer cells (e.g. high rate of proliferation) or indiscriminately kill all the cells present in a targeted volume. Tumor microenvironment (TME) targeting represents a promising therapeutic direction, because a number of TME hallmarks are conserved across different tumor types, despite the underlying genetic heterogeneity. Historically, TME targeting has largely focused on the cells that support tumor growth (e.g. vascular endothelial cells). However, by viewing the intrinsic physical and chemical alterations in the TME as additional therapeutic opportunities rather than barriers, a new class of TME-inspired treatments has great promise to complement or replace existing therapeutic strategies. In this review we summarize the physical and chemical hallmarks of the TME, and discuss how these tumor characteristics either currently are, or may ultimately be targeted to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill W Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mohammad Bonakdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Akanksha Kanitkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Ohnishi Y, Yasui H, Kakudo K, Nozaki M. Lapatinib-resistant cancer cells possessing epithelial cancer stem cell properties develop sensitivity during sphere formation by activation of the ErbB/AKT/cyclin D2 pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3058-3064. [PMID: 27633099 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB2, has antiproliferative effects and is used to treat patients with ErbB2-positive metastatic breast cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of lapatinib on growth of oral and prostate cancer cells. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines HSC3, HSC4 and Ca9-22 were sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of lapatinib in anchorage-dependent culture, but the OSCC cell lines KB and SAS and the prostate cancer cell line DU145 were resistant to lapatinib. Phosphorylation levels of EGFR in all cell lines decreased during lapatinib treatment in anchorage‑dependent culture. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of ErbB2, ErbB3 and Akt and the protein levels of cyclin D1 were decreased by lapatinib treatment of HSC3, HSC4 and Ca9-22 cells. ErbB3 was not expressed and cyclin D1 protein levels were not altered by lapatinib treatment in KB, DU145 and SAS cells. The phosphorylation of ErbB2 and AKT was not affected by lapatinib in SAS cells and was not detected in KB and DU145 cells. Lapatinib-resistant cell lines exhibited sphere-forming ability, and SAS cells developed sensitivity to lapatinib during sphere formation. The phosphorylation levels of ErbB2 and AKT and protein levels of cyclin D2 increased during sphere formation of SAS cells and decreased with lapatinib treatment. In addition, sphere formation of SAS cells was inhibited by the AKT inhibitor MK2206. AKT phosphorylation and cyclin D2 levels in SAS spheres were decreased by MK2206 treatment. SAS cells expressed E-cadherin, but not vimentin and KB cells expressed vimentin, but not E-cadherin. DU145 cells expressed vimentin and E-cadherin. These results suggested that phosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB2 by cell detachment from the substratum induces the AKT pathway/cyclin D2-dependent sphere growth in SAS epithelial cancer stem-like cells, thereby rendering SAS spheres sensitive to lapatinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasui
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Kakudo
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Masami Nozaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Huang CM, Tsai CH, Chen CL, Chang CP, Lai CC, Tsai FJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene Bsr I polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2016; 13:773-6. [PMID: 15540509 DOI: 10.1191/0961203304lu1081oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphism was a marker of susceptibility to or severity of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan. The study included 119 Chinese patients with SLE. One hundred unrelated healthy individuals living in central Taiwan served as control subjects. Polymorphisms of the EGFR Bsr I gene were typed from genomic DNA. The genotypes, allelic frequencies and carriage rates were compared between SLE patients and control subjects. The relationship between allelic frequencies and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. For the genotype of EGFR gene Bsr I polymorphism, there was statistically significant differences between the SLE and control groups (chi-squared test, P = 0.009, ϰ2= 9.21). In addition, there was significant association between the two groups in allelic frequency of the T allele ( P = 0.02, ϰ2= 5.27). However, we did not detect any association between EGFR genotype and clinical or laboratory profiles in SLE patients. The results suggest that the EGFR gene Bsr I polymorphism is related to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Constitutive and ligand-induced EGFR signalling triggers distinct and mutually exclusive downstream signalling networks. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5811. [PMID: 25503978 PMCID: PMC4268886 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression plays an important oncogenic role in cancer. Regular EGFR protein levels are increased in cancer cells and the receptor then becomes constitutively active. However, downstream signals generated by constitutively activated EGFR are unknown. Here we report that the overexpressed EGFR oscillates between two distinct and mutually exclusive modes of signalling. Constitutive or non-canonical EGFR signalling activates the transcription factor IRF3 leading to expression of IFI27, IFIT1 and TRAIL. Ligand-mediated activation of EGFR switches off IRF3-dependent transcription, activates canonical extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signals, and confers sensitivity to chemotherapy and virus-induced cell death. Mechanistically, the distinct downstream signals result from a switch of EGFR-associated proteins. EGFR constitutively complexes with IRF3 and TBK1 leading to TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation. Addition of epidermal growth factor dissociates TBK1, IRF3 and EGFR leading to a loss of IRF3 activity, Shc-EGFR association and ERK activation. Finally, we provide evidence for non-canonical EGFR signalling in glioblastoma.
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Jurel SK, Gupta DS, Singh RD, Singh M, Srivastava S. Genes and oral cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 20:4-9. [PMID: 24959008 PMCID: PMC4065477 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.132745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancers have been one of the leading causes of deaths particularly in the developing countries. Prime reason for this high mortality and morbidity is attributed to the delay in diagnosis and prompt treatment. Relentless research in the field of oncology has led to the advent of novel procedures for the early detection of oral cancers. Molecular biology is highly promising in this regard. It is a procedure that detects alterations at a molecular level much before they are seen under a microscope and much before clinical changes occur. Molecular studies serve as the basis by which we will eventually be able not only to augment clinical assessment and classification of oral lesions but also predict malignant potential of oral lesions, thus reducing the incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. However, making such sophisticated tools available for the common man in developing countries is one of the most important challenges faced today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar Jurel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durga Shanker Gupta
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuwar D Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Srivastava
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ensinger C, Sterlacci W. Implications of EGFR PharmDx™ Kit for cetuximab eligibility. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:141-8. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Han L, Guo Y, Ma H, He X, Kuang Y, Zhang N, Lim E, Zhou W, Jiang C. Acid active receptor-specific peptide ligand for in vivo tumor-targeted delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3647-3658. [PMID: 23649993 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting therapy of tumors in their early stages is crucial to increase the survival rate of cancer patients. Currently most drug-delivery systems target the neoplasia through the tumor-associated receptors overexpressed on the cancer cell membrane. However, the expression of these receptors on normal cells and tissues is inevitable, which leads to unwanted accumulation and side effects. Characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, such as acidosis, are pervasive in almost all solid tumors and can be easily accessed. It is shown that the different extracellular pH value can be used to activate/inactivate the receptor-mediated endocytosis on tumor/normal cells. This idea is implemented by conjugating a shielding molecule at the terminus of a receptor-specific ligand via a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond. The acid-activated detachment of the shielding molecule and enhanced tumor/background accumulation ratio are demonstrated. These results suggest that acid active receptor-specific peptide ligand-modified tumor-targeting delivery systems have potential use in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Waddell T, Chau I, Cunningham D, Gonzalez D, Okines AFC, Wotherspoon A, Saffery C, Middleton G, Wadsley J, Ferry D, Mansoor W, Crosby T, Coxon F, Smith D, Waters J, Iveson T, Falk S, Slater S, Peckitt C, Barbachano Y. Epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine with or without panitumumab for patients with previously untreated advanced oesophagogastric cancer (REAL3): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:481-9. [PMID: 23594787 PMCID: PMC3669518 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background EGFR overexpression occurs in 27–55% of oesophagogastric adenocarcinomas, and correlates with poor prognosis. We aimed to assess addition of the anti-EGFR antibody panitumumab to epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOC) in patients with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Methods In this randomised, open-label phase 3 trial (REAL3), we enrolled patients with untreated, metastatic, or locally advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma at 63 centres (tertiary referral centres, teaching hospitals, and district general hospitals) in the UK. Eligible patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive up to eight 21-day cycles of open-label EOC (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 per day on days 1–21) or modified-dose EOC plus panitumumab (mEOC+P; epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1, capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 per day on days 1–21, and panitumumab 9 mg/kg on day 1). Randomisation was blocked and stratified for centre region, extent of disease, and performance status. The primary endpoint was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. We assessed safety in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. After a preplanned independent data monitoring committee review in October, 2011, trial recruitment was halted and panitumumab withdrawn. Data for patients on treatment were censored at this timepoint. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00824785. Findings Between June 2, 2008, and Oct 17, 2011, we enrolled 553 eligible patients. Median overall survival in 275 patients allocated EOC was 11·3 months (95% CI 9·6–13·0) compared with 8·8 months (7·7–9·8) in 278 patients allocated mEOC+P (hazard ratio [HR] 1·37, 95% CI 1·07–1·76; p=0·013). mEOC+P was associated with increased incidence of grade 3–4 diarrhoea (48 [17%] of 276 patients allocated mEOC+P vs 29 [11%] of 266 patients allocated EOC), rash (29 [11%] vs two [1%]), mucositis (14 [5%] vs none), and hypomagnesaemia (13 [5%] vs none) but reduced incidence of haematological toxicity (grade ≥3 neutropenia 35 [13%] vs 74 [28%]). Interpretation Addition of panitumumab to EOC chemotherapy does not increase overall survival and cannot be recommended for use in an unselected population with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Funding Amgen, UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Waddell
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
- Correspondence to: Prof David Cunningham, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David Gonzalez
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Saffery
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | - Wasat Mansoor
- Christie Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Fareeda Coxon
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David Smith
- Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology, Wirral, UK
| | | | - Timothy Iveson
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen Falk
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Clare Peckitt
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
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Biomarker analysis in oesophagogastric cancer: Results from the REAL3 and TransMAGIC trials. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2116-25. [PMID: 23481512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND REAL3 (Randomised ECF for Advanced or Locally advanced oesophagogastric cancer 3) was a phase II/III trial designed to evaluate the addition of panitumumab (P) to epirubicin, oxaliplatin and capecitabine (EOC) in untreated advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma, or undifferentiated carcinoma. MAGIC (MRC Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy) was a phase III study which demonstrated that peri-operative epirubicin, cisplatin and infused 5-fluorouracil (ECF) improved survival in early oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Analysis of response rate (RR; the primary end-point of phase II) and biomarkers in the first 200 patients randomised to EOC or modified dose (m) EOC+P in REAL3 was pre-planned to determine if molecular selection for the on-going study was indicated. KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations and PTEN expression were assessed in pre-treatment biopsies and results correlated with response to mEOC+P. Association between these biomarkers and overall survival (OS) was assessed in MAGIC patients to determine any prognostic effect. RESULTS RR was 52% to mEOC+P, 48% to EOC. Results from 175 assessable biopsies: mutations in KRAS (5.7%), BRAF (0%), PIK3CA (2.5%) and loss of PTEN expression (15.0%). None of the biomarkers evaluated predicted resistance to mEOC+P. In MAGIC, mutations in KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA and loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) were found in 6.3%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.9%, respectively, and were not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS The RR of 52% in REAL3 with mEOC+P met pre-defined criteria to continue accrual to phase III. The frequency of the mutations was too low to exclude any prognostic or predictive effect.
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Bose R, Kavuri SM, Searleman AC, Shen W, Shen D, Koboldt DC, Monsey J, Goel N, Aronson AB, Li S, Ma CX, Ding L, Mardis ER, Ellis MJ. Activating HER2 mutations in HER2 gene amplification negative breast cancer. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:224-37. [PMID: 23220880 PMCID: PMC3570596 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Data from 8 breast cancer genome-sequencing projects identified 25 patients with HER2 somatic mutations in cancers lacking HER2 gene amplification. To determine the phenotype of these mutations, we functionally characterized 13 HER2 mutations using in vitro kinase assays, protein structure analysis, cell culture, and xenograft experiments. Seven of these mutations are activating mutations, including G309A, D769H, D769Y, V777L, P780ins, V842I, and R896C. HER2 in-frame deletion 755-759, which is homologous to EGF receptor (EGFR) exon 19 in-frame deletions, had a neomorphic phenotype with increased phosphorylation of EGFR or HER3. L755S produced lapatinib resistance, but was not an activating mutation in our experimental systems. All of these mutations were sensitive to the irreversible kinase inhibitor, neratinib. These findings show that HER2 somatic mutation is an alternative mechanism to activate HER2 in breast cancer and they validate HER2 somatic mutations as drug targets for breast cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE We show that the majority of HER2 somatic mutations in breast cancer patients are activating mutations that likely drive tumorigenesis. Several patients had mutations that are resistant to the reversible HER2 inhibitor lapatinib, but are sensitive to the irreversible HER2 inhibitor, neratinib. Our results suggest that patients with HER2 mutation–positive breast cancers could benefit from existing HER2-targeted drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Lapatinib
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Bose
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Bekele BN, Nieto-Barajas LE, Munsell MF. Analysis of Partially Incomplete Tables of Breast Cancer Characteristics with an Ordinal Variable. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE 2012; 6:725-744. [PMID: 25558186 DOI: 10.1080/15598608.2012.719805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our goal is to model the joint distribution of a series of 4×2×2×2 contingency tables for which some of the data are partially collapsed (i.e., aggregated in as few as two dimensions). More specifically, the joint distribution of 4 clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients is estimated. These characteristics include estrogen receptor status (positive/negative), nodal involvement (positive/negative), HER2-neu expression (positive/negative), and stage of disease (I, II, III, IV). The joint distribution of the first three characteristics is estimated conditional on stage of disease and we propose a dynamic model for the conditional probabilities that let them evolve as the stage of disease progresses. The dynamic model is based on a series of Dirichlet distributions whose parameters are related by a Markov prior structure (called dynamic Dirichlet prior). This model makes use of information across disease stage (known as "borrowing strength") and provides a way of estimating the distribution of patients with particular tumor characteristics. In addition, since some of the data sources are aggregated, a data augmentation technique is proposed to carry out a meta-analysis of the different datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark F Munsell
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, USA
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Banning A, Ockenga W, Finger F, Siebrasse P, Tikkanen R. Transcriptional regulation of flotillins by the extracellularly regulated kinases and retinoid X receptor complexes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45514. [PMID: 23029064 PMCID: PMC3445523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are important regulators of signal transduction pathways such as growth factor signaling. Flotillin expression is increased under pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite their importance for signal transduction, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of flotillins. Here, we analyzed the expression of flotillins at transcriptional level and identified flotillins as downstream targets of the mitogen activated kinases ERK1/2. The promoter activity of flotillins was increased upon growth factor stimulation in a MAPK dependent manner. Overexpression of serum response factor or early growth response gene 1 resulted in increased flotillin mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, both promoter activity and expression of endogenous flotillins were increased upon treatment with retinoic acid or by overexpression of the retinoid X receptor and its binding partners RARα and PPARγ. Our data indicate that the expression of flotillins, which can be detected in all cultured cells, is fine-tuned in response to various external stimuli. This regulation may be critical for the outcome of signaling cascades in which flotillins are known to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wymke Ockenga
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Finger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Siebrasse
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tien JCY, Xu J. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:1085-96. [PMID: 22924430 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.718330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), also called amplified-in-breast cancer-1 (AIB1), is an oncogenic coactivator in endocrine and non-endocrine cancers. Functional studies demonstrate SRC-3 promotes numerous aspects of cancer, through its capacity as a coactivator for nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors, and via its ability to control multiple growth pathways simultaneously. Targeting SRC-3 with specific inhibitors therefore holds future promise for clinical cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED We discuss critical advances in understanding SRC-3 as a cancer mediator and prospective drug target. We review SRC-3 structure and function and its role in distinct aspects of cancer. In addition, we discuss SRC-3 regulation and degradation. Finally, we comment on a recently discovered SRC-3 small molecular inhibitor. EXPERT OPINION Most targeted chemotherapeutic drugs block only a single cellular pathway. In response, cancers frequently acquire resistance by upregulating alternative pathways. SRC-3 coordinates multiple signaling networks, suggesting SRC-3 inhibition offers a promising therapeutic strategy. Development of an effective SRC-3 inhibitor faces critical challenges. Better understanding of SRC-3 function and interacting partners, in both the nucleus and cytosol, is required for optimized inhibitor development. Ultimately, blockade of SRC-3 oncogenic function may inhibit multiple cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ching-Yi Tien
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Although it is broadly agreed that the improved treatment of patients with cancer will depend on a deeper molecular understanding of the underlying pathogenesis, only a few examples are already available. This Timeline article focuses on the ERBB (also known as HER) network of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which exemplifies how a constant dialogue between basic research and medical oncology can translate into both a sustained pipeline of novel drugs and ways to overcome acquired treatment resistance in patients. We track the key early discoveries that linked this RTK family to oncogenesis, the course of pioneering clinical research and their merger into a systems-biology framework that is likely to inspire further generations of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 1 Hertzl Street, Candiotty Building, Room 312, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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