1
|
Christensen BW, Meyers S. Canine Semen Evaluation and Processing. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00079-7. [PMID: 37400342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in canine semen evaluation have progressed over time in fits and spurts, interspersed with long periods of relative inactivity. Despite exciting advances in the semen analysis, clinical canine theriogenology has been in a period of relative inactivity for a number of decades since initial advances in canine semen freezing in the mid 20th century. This review describes ways that the clinical practice of canine semen evaluation should improve, given the state of current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Meyers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arcuri GB, Pantoja MHDA, Titto CG, Martins DDS. Preliminary analysis of reproductive, behavioral and physiological characteristics of military working dogs. Anim Reprod 2022; v19:e20210092. [PMID: 35251355 PMCID: PMC8893309 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
3
|
Bulkeley E, Collins C, Foutouhi A, Gonzales K, Power H, Meyers S. Assessment of an iPad-based sperm motility analyzer for determination of canine sperm motility. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab066. [PMID: 34124591 PMCID: PMC8191482 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of canine sperm motility (total and progressive) assessment with a tablet-based Canine iSperm instrument compared to computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The experiment used fresh and frozen/thawed canine semen samples for comparisons of semen analysis parameters (concentration, total motility, and progressive motility) between a CASA system, iSperm, and NucleoCounter SP-100 (concentration) instruments. Spearman's Rho correlational analysis was used to identify significant associations between motility assessment methods. Significant positive correlations were found between CASA assessment and iSperm for both progressive and total motility measurements. We also determined the coefficient of variation (CV) for repeatability of sample analysis for iSperm and CASA for fresh sperm, wherein each sample was assessed 10 times on both devices. For fresh and frozen-thawed samples, concentration assessment by iSperm showed high variability (CV= 19.9 ± 1.5%). For iSperm assessment of total and progressive motility, the CVs were 6.3 ± 0.5% and 10.7 ± 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate that the iSperm application offers an accurate and alternative measurement of motility to traditional CASA analysis, though caution should be taken when assessing concentration due to the high CV observed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Bulkeley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine Collins
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Azarene Foutouhi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kris Gonzales
- Veterinary Services, Guide Dogs for the Blind, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Heather Power
- Veterinary Services, Guide Dogs for the Blind, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Stuart Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chłopik A, Wysokińska A. Canine spermatozoa-What do we know about their morphology and physiology? An overview. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 55:113-126. [PMID: 31782838 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are unique cells because of their morphological and physiological characteristics. They are produced during the process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of three phases: spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermiation, during which spermatozoa undergo several changes. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules containing two types of cells-the germ cells and the Sertoli cells-that alongside the Leydig cells, which play an important role when it comes to normal fertility. Everything is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and specific hormones due to multi-hormonal feedback systems. Spermatozoa possess morphological and physiological features, which are sometimes completely different from what is observed in various somatic cells. What is more, canine spermatozoa have specific characteristics making them special compared to the spermatozoa of other mammalian species. The metabolic energy production, which is crucial for the appropriate functioning of spermatozoa, can be fuelled by different metabolic pathways utilizing different chemical substrates. Inseparable from the oxidative phosphorylation process is the production of reactive oxygen species, which are both essential and toxic to spermatozoa. Furthermore, epididymis is a very important structure, responsible for the transport and maturation of spermatozoa, which are then stored in the last segment of epididymis-the epididymal cauda. Moreover, the retrieval of spermatozoa from the epididymides is crucial for the development of assisted reproduction techniques and sperm cryopreservation methods. The information gained from the research on domestic dogs might be transferred to their wild relatives, especially those species categorized as endangered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chłopik
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Faculty of Life Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Anna Wysokińska
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Faculty of Life Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tesi M, Sabatini C, Vannozzi I, Di Petta G, Panzani D, Camillo F, Rota A. Variables affecting semen quality and its relation to fertility in the dog: A retrospective study. Theriogenology 2018; 118:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Kheirkhah M, Mollapour sisakht M, Mohammadsadegh M, Moslemi H. Sperm evaluation of Jungle Cat ( Felis chaus ) obtained by urethral catheterization (CT) after medetomidine administration. Theriogenology 2017; 91:17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Soler C, García A, Contell J, Segervall J, Sancho M. Kinematics and Subpopulations’ Structure Definition of Blue Fox (Alopex lagopus
) Sperm Motility using the ISAS®
V1 CASA System. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:560-567. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Soler
- Departament de Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - A García
- PROISER R+D; S.L. Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - J Contell
- Departament de Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - J Segervall
- Finnish Fur Breeders Association; ProFur; Vaasa Finland
| | - M Sancho
- PROISER R+D; S.L. Paterna Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Filliers M, Rijsselaere T, Bossaert P, Zambelli D, Anastasi P, Hoogewijs M, Van Soom A. In vitro evaluation of fresh sperm quality in tomcats: A comparison of two collection techniques. Theriogenology 2010; 74:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Compared to human medicine, little is known in canine medicine regarding specific findings on semen evaluation and their correlation with fertility. Suggestions to optimize quality of semen evaluation in veterinary practice include creating standardized protocols for evaluation of all semen parameters and updating those protocols as needed; creating some form of quality control for the clinic laboratory; educating owners about our inability to predict with 100% accuracy whether dogs with poor semen quality never could impregnate a bitch or whether dogs with excellent semen quality always could impregnate a bitch; and generating protocols for further diagnostic work-up for those dogs with abnormal semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Root Kustritz
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1352 Boyd Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nöthling JO, Shuttleworth R, de Haas K, Thompson PN. Homologous prostatic fluid added to frozen–thawed dog spermatozoa prior to intravaginal insemination of bitches resulted in better fertility than albumin-free TALP. Theriogenology 2005; 64:975-91. [PMID: 16054500 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether canine prostatic fluid has intrinsic effects resulting in higher fertility than albumin-free Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (afTALP) when added to thawed semen prior to intravaginal insemination. Twenty-four German shepherd bitches were inseminated intravaginally with frozen-thawed spermatozoa to which either homologous prostatic fluid (Group P; 12 bitches) or afTALP (Group T; 12 bitches) was added to give a final insemination volume of 7mL. Each bitch was inseminated daily starting when the vaginal folds first became angular and continuing until the day before a diestrus vaginal smear was first seen. Bitches were spayed about 3 weeks after the onset of diestrus and the number of corpora lutea and the number of conceptuses counted. Group P and Group T bitches were, respectively, inseminated 5.3+/-1.0 and 5.8+/-2.1 times with 48.9+/-8.6 and 50.4+/-8.3 million progressively motile spermatozoa per insemination. Eight Group P bitches and 10 Group T bitches conceived with totals of 76 and 45 conceptuses and 126 and 117 corpora lutea, respectively. Odds of conception were taken as the number of conceptuses divided by (the number of corpora lutea minus the number of conceptuses). After adjustment for the number of progressively motile spermatozoa per day and the random effect of bitch, the addition of prostatic fluid resulted in an increased odds of conception compared to afTALP. This effect decreased as the number of progressively motile spermatozoa per day increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Nöthling
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Evaluation of canine cryopreserved semen has the ultimate goal of determining if an individual frozen ejaculate will have acceptable fertility. This is difficult in that there is no accepted normal fertility for the dog. The fertility of the female also plays a crucial role in estimating the fertility of the male. Poor female fertility can make a fertile male appear less fertile. Variability of animals, breeding technique, breeding timing, and number of cells inseminated make comparisons in canine fertility difficult to truly measure. Many more animals are needed to provide meaningful statistical results than are usually used. Several tests, including motility in bright field and phase contrast microscopy, computer analysis of motility, sperm morphology, sperm membrane integrity, capacitation and sperm function tests have been investigated to predict fertility, however few of these tests have actually been correlated with fertility. More work is needed to create one or more tests that accurately predict fertility of cryopreserved canine semen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Eilts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Corral-Baqués MI, Rigau T, Rivera M, Rodríguez JE, Rigau J. Effect of 655-nm diode laser on dog sperm motility. Lasers Med Sci 2005; 20:28-34. [PMID: 15838719 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-005-0332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sperm motility depends on energy consumption. Low-level laser irradiation increases adenosin triphosphate (ATP) production and energy supply to the cell. The aim of this study is to analyse whether the irradiation affects the parameters that characterise dog sperm motility. Fresh dog sperm samples were divided into four groups and irradiated with a 655-nm continuous-wave diode laser with varying doses: 0 (control), 4, 6 and 10 J/cm(2). At 0, 15 and 45 min following irradiation, pictures were taken of all the groups in order to study motility with computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Functional tests were also performed. Average path velocity (VAP), linear coefficient (Lin) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were statistically and significantly different when compared to the control. The functional tests also showed a significant difference. At these parameters, the 655-nm continuous-wave diode laser improves the speed and linear coefficient of the sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Corral-Baqués
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
There is little doubt that objective assessment of multiple parameters related to the functional and morphological characteristics of spermatozoa, increase the predictability of the fertilizing potential of a semen sample. Conventional microscopic methods for sperm evaluation in combination with the more objective computer-assisted sperm motility and morphology analyzers and flow cytometry, have allowed investigators to obtain precise information about the morphofunctional status of spermatozoa, which already has resulted in a better understanding of sperm biology and of some of the mechanisms involved in sperm cryoinjury. In addition, assays based on in vitro fertilization provide valuable information about the functional ability of spermatozoa when interacting with the oocyte. Although objective methods for dog sperm evaluation are available for many researchers, considerable effort has still to be invested in order to standardize physiological sperm parameters for the results to be interpretable under unified criteria. In the present paper some of the classical and new methods currently used for dog sperm evaluation are reviewed, though not exhaustively, covering some aspects of the sperm cell that are useful in estimating its functional ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Peña Martínez
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mandal DK, Nagpaul PK, Gupta AK. Motion characteristics of Murrah buffalo bull spermatozoa in various seasons and its relationship with functional integrity of the plasmallema. Theriogenology 2003; 60:349-58. [PMID: 12749948 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Semen was collected from six adult (3.5-7-year-old) Murrah buffalo bulls at weekly intervals for 1 year and evaluated for routine parameters, motion characteristics, reactivity in hypoosmotic solution, and acrosomal and other morphological abnormalities of the spermatozoa. The overall motility (MOT), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), linearity (LIN), lateral head displacement (ALH) and average path velocity (VAP) were 66.85+/-2.79%, 26.58+/-0.24 and 107.07+/-1.47 microm/s, 26.91+/-0.01%, 11.19+/-0.09 and 61.78+/-2.79 microm/s, respectively. Significant seasonal variation was observed in sperm kinematics and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) reactivity. Except for LIN, the mean values of sperm dynamics were higher during summer and rainy season and significantly lower in winter season. Sperm kinematics showed significant (P<0.01) positive correlation (r=0.25-0.60) with plasmallemal integrity. Ejaculates with less than 50% HOS-reactive spermatozoa had significantly lowered MOT, VSL, VCL and VAP as compared to the ejaculates with >50% HOS-positive spermatozoa. No significant difference was observed in sperm kinematics among the ejaculates having 50-70% and >70% HOS-reactive spermatozoa. The trend of motion dynamics of the spermatozoa with respect to HOS reactivity was similar in all the three seasons (summer, rainy and winter). The results indicate that ejaculates having more than 50% of HOS-reactive sperm show a higher magnitude of sperm kinematics compared to ejaculates having less than 50% HOS-positive spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Mandal
- Project Directorate on Cattle, G.F. Road, P.B. No. 17, Meerut Cantt 250 001, UP, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Penfold LM, Holt C, Holt WV, Welch GR, Cran DG, Johnson LA. Comparative motility of X and Y chromosome-bearing bovine sperm separated on the basis of DNA content by flow sorting. Mol Reprod Dev 1998; 50:323-7. [PMID: 9621308 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199807)50:3<323::aid-mrd8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A combination of flow cytometric sperm sorting of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm (X and Y sperm) and computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) for measuring sperm motility allows assessment of motion parameters in the two populations. Bull sperm were separated into X and Y populations by flow cytometry following staining with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33,342. The motion parameters differed depending on sperm concentration. Decreasing sperm concentration resulted in higher velocities and straighter trajectories. The concentrations of control (stained-unsorted and unstained-unsorted) and flow-sorted sperm were therefore adjusted to similar numbers (5 x 10(6) sperm per milliliter). Samples of sorted X and Y sperm and control sperm were transferred to prewarmed slides on a heated stage (37 degrees C) and their motion video recorded for 2 min using a magnification of x 100 and a high-resolution camera. The sperm analysis was carried out on a Hobson Sperm Tracker (HST) using HST 7 software. The following motion parameters were measured: curvilinear, straight-line, and average path velocity; mean angular displacement (MAD); beat cross-frequency; amplitude of lateral head displacement; linearity (LIN); and straightness of path (STR). Sperm movement was unaffected by staining with Hoechst 33,342, excitation by ultraviolet (UV) light, or the physical process of cell sorting. Significant differences were seen between X and Y sperm for MAD, LIN, and STR. No difference was observed for the other parameters. The results indicate that in a simple salts solution, Y bull sperm do not swim faster than X sperm but may be distinguished from X sperm on the basis of LIN and STR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Penfold
- Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|