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Suhadolnik RJ, Doetsch PW, Devash Y, Henderson EE, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W. 2′,5′-Adenylate and Cordycepin Trimer Cores: Metabolic Stability and Evidence for Antimitogenesis without 5′-Rephosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318308078869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Himmelsbach F, Uhlmann E, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W. Synthesis of 3′-Deoxyadenylate Trimer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318508077852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pfleiderer W, Himmelsbach F, Charubala R, Schirmeister H, Beiter A, Schulz B, Trichtinger T. The p-Nitrophenylethyl Group - An Universal Blocking Group in Nucleoside and Nucleotide Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318508077832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wasner M, Pfleiderer W, Suhadolnik RJ, Horvath SE, Kon N, Guan MX, Henderson EE, Adelson ME, Henderson EE, Suhadolnik RJ. Nucleotides. Part IL. Synthesis and Characterization of Cordycepin-Trimer-Vitamin and -Lipid Conjugates Potential Inhibitors of HIV-1 Replication. Helv Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Charubala R, Pfleiderer W. Nucleotides. Part XXXVIII.. Syntheses and characterization of phosphorothioate analogues of (2?-5?) adenylate dimer and trimer and their 5?-O-monophosphates. Helv Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19920750206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ruf K, Pfleiderer W. Synthesis and properties of 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole 2'----5'- and 3'----5'-nucleotide dimers and trimers. Carbohydr Res 1991; 216:421-39. [PMID: 1797388 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84178-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (2), synthesised by the fusion method, was used for the synthesis of 2'----5'- and 3'----5'-linked di- and tri-meric oligonucleotides. The protecting groups used were p-methoxytrityl for HO-5', tert-butyldimethylsilyl for HO-2',3', and 2,5-dichlorophenyl and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl for the phosphate group. The internucleotidic linkages were established by the phosphotriester approach to give the fully protected 2'----5' dimers (15, 17, and 18) and trimers (27 and 28), as well as the 3'----5' dimers (22 and 23) and trimers (31 and 32). Deprotection involved a sequence of steps to afford the corresponding free oligonucleotides 21, 26, 30, and 33 isolated as the triethylammonium salts in good yields. The new compounds were characterised by elemental analysis and by u.v. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ruf
- Fakultät für Chemie Universität Konstanz, F.R.G
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Herdewijn P, Ruf K, Pfleiderer W. Nucleotides. Part XXXIVSynthesis of Modified Oligomeric 2?-5?A Analogues: Potential Antiviral Agents. Helv Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19910740104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Charubala R, Uhlmann E, Himmelsbach F, Pfleiderer W. Nucleotides. Part XXVIII. Chemical syntheses of the 2?-5?-cordycepin-trimer core. Helv Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19870700808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang CH, Wu JM. Age-related differences in the induction of 2-5A synthetase and 2-5A dependent binding protein activities by interferon in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 140:455-60. [PMID: 2430566 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)91112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2-5A synthetase and binding protein activities in peritoneal macrophages have been compared between young (6 month) and old (22-24 month) guinea pigs. Enzyme activities are lower in aged animals with a 17% and a 31% reduction in synthetase and binding protein activities, respectively. In addition, the response to the addition of mouse fibroblast interferon by macrophages from these two age groups is also substantially different. Whereas addition of interferon to young guinea pig macrophages elicits a 3.8- and a 1.7-fold increase in the synthetase and binding protein activities, only a marginal elevation in these two enzyme activities is found with interferon-treated old guinea pig macrophages. Analysis by thin layer chromatography demonstrates a marked difference in the relative distribution of the various oligomeric forms of 2-5A synthesized by young or old guinea pig macrophages. The binding protein in old animals appears to be significantly more thermolabile than the corresponding activity from young animals. The altered response to interferon and the difference in enzymatic properties in aged animals may represent part of the mechanisms involved in the progressive loss of the adaptative ability of an organism to environmental changes during senescence.
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Eppstein DA, Schryver BB, Marsh YV. Stereoconfiguration markedly affects the biochemical and biological properties of phosphorothioate analogs of 2-5A core, (A2'p5')2A. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Synthesis of 2'- or 3'-o-(4-methoxybenzyl)nucleosides and its application in the 3'-terminal nonanucleotide sequence of rous sarcoma virus 35S RNA synthesis. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Torrence PF, Imai J, Jamoulle JC, Lesiak K. Methods for the synthesis of analogs of (2'-5')-oligoadenylic acid. Methods Enzymol 1986; 119:522-9. [PMID: 3762409 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(86)19072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu JM, Wertheimer SJ, Eslami B, Figuereido JC, Goswami BB. Some properties of 2-5A binding/nucleolytic activities in gel filtered rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Biosci Rep 1985; 5:1041-51. [PMID: 2420390 DOI: 10.1007/bf01119625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbit reticulocyte lysates, gel filtered on Sephadex G-25 with or without ATP (or its analogs), were preincubated at 37 degrees C and their subsequent binding to p3A4,3'-[32P]pCp was studied. Lysates filtered without ATP or in the presence of 0.1 mM 8-bromo-ATP, 1,N6-etheno-ATP, or ITP showed a time-dependent decrease in binding activity. This decrease was completely prevented when lysates were filtered with 0.1 mM ATP, 2'-deoxy-ATP, beta-gamma-methylene-ATP, or ATP-gamma-S. The stability of binding provided by ATP or 2'-deoxy-ATP analogs corresponds to a more active 2-5A dependent endonucleolytic (RNAase L) activity based on studies using [3H] viral mRNA. Chromatography on heparin-agarose showed that ATP-supplemented gel-filtered reticulocyte lysates had a different p3A4,3'-[32P]pCp binding activity elution-profile than lysates gel-filtered in the absence of ATP. Covalent cross-linking of periodate-oxidized p3A4,3'-[32P]pC to gel-filtered lysates, preincubated at 0 degree C or 37 degrees C for 30 min, showed the following results: all lysates gave a major cross-linking of the radioactive ligand to an 80 000 dalton polypeptide, regardless of the temperature of preincubation, lysates gel-filtered without ATP, with 0.1 mM ITP, or beta-gamma-methylene-ATP, showed a significant reduction in the cross-linking of the 80 000 dalton protein, after preincubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the labeling of two smaller polypeptides.
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Wu JM, Konno S, Eslami B. Effects of K+ concentration on inhibition of protein synthesis by trimer and tetramer triphosphates of 2',5'-oligoadenylates in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 130:821-7. [PMID: 2411264 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of protein synthesis by trimer or tetramer triphosphates of 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A) in rabbit reticulocyte lysates is dependent on the concentration of K+ in the assay mixture. Based on studies using mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysates and the degradation of [3H] polyadenylated mRNA, the greater inhibitory effects of trimer or tetramer triphosphates at the higher K+ is shown to be due to a more active 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L).
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Cordycepin analogs of ppp5'A2‘p5'A2‘p5'A (2-5A) inhibit protein synthesis through activation of the 2-5A-dependent endonuclease. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mikhailov SN, Pfleiderer W. Synthesis of a new class of acyclic 2′,5′- and 3′,5′-oligonucleotide analogs based on 9-[1,5-dihydroxy-4(S)-hydroxymethyl-3-oxapent-2(R)-yl]-adenine. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Suhadolnik RJ, Sawada Y, Gabriel J, Reichenbach NL, Henderson EE. Accumulation of low molecular weight DNA and changes in chromatin structure in HeLa cells treated with human fibroblast interferon. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5'-dephosphorylated 2',5'-adenylate trimer and its analogs. Inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus replication in tobacco mosaic virus-infected leaf discs, protoplasts, and intact tobacco plants. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Johnston MI, Preble OT, Imai J, Jacobsen H, Torrence PF. A sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for 2',5'-oligoadenylate. Detection of elevated 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in human peripheral mononuclear cells. J Immunol Methods 1983; 65:123-35. [PMID: 6361140 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A competition immunoenzymometric assay for 2',5'-oligoadenylate was developed and employed to measure the interferon-inducible enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in cell extracts. Microtiter plates coated with a novel conjugate of p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A and N-(2-aminoethyl)-carbamylmethylated-Ficoll (AECM-Ficoll) bound rabbit polyclonal or mouse monoclonal antibody directed against 2',5'-oligoadenylate. Binding was inhibited by soluble 2',5'-oligoadenylate. Estimates of 2',5'-oligoadenylate concentrations based on inhibition of antibody binding compared favorably with those obtained using a protein synthesis inhibition assay. Low concentrations of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthesized in vitro by extracts of human peripheral mononuclear cells were conveniently estimated using less than or equal to 10(6) cells. Virtually identical results were obtained when either total extract or synthetase bound to poly(I) . poly(C)-agarose was used for the in vitro incubation. When peripheral mononuclear cells were incubated in vitro with interferon, the normally low levels of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase rose dramatically. The assay was employed to measure synthetase levels in peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Some of these patients were found to have elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase.
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Wu JM, Eslami B, Semproni AR. Effect of temperature on ppp(A2'p)nA binding protein activities in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and other mammalian extracts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 117:57-64. [PMID: 6661230 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lysates of rabbit reticulocytes and other mammalian cells are known to contain an activity which binds with high specificity ppp(A2'p)3A,3'-[32P]pCp. The binding activity shows a marked dependence on preincubation of lysates at different temperatures (4 degrees C - 45 degrees C). For example, binding was increased 50% by preincubation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes. An identical preincubation of mouse brain extracts results in a greater than 90% loss of binding activity. Fractionation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates into the postribosomal supernatant (PRS) and the ribosomal salt wash (RSW), followed by heparin-agarose column chromatography, showed that with the PRS fraction, most of the binding activity is eluted with 600 mM KCl. With the RSW fraction, more than 50% of the binding activity is eluted with 250 mM KCl. These data suggest that multiple ppp(A2'p)nA binding protein activities exist in mammalian cells.
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Suhadolnik RJ, Devash Y, Reichenbach NL, Flick MB, Wu JM. Enzymatic synthesis of the 2',5'-A4 tetramer analog, 2',5'-ppp3'dA(p3'dA)3, by rabbit reticulocyte lysates: binding and activation of the 2',5'-A eta dependent nuclease, hydrolysis of mRNA, and inhibition of protein synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 111:205-12. [PMID: 6830589 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(83)80137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sawai H, Imai J, Lesiak K, Johnston MI, Torrence PF. Cordycepin analogues of 2-5A and its derivatives. Chemical synthesis and biological activity. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Imai J, Johnston MI, Torrence PF. Chemical modification potentiates the biological activities of 2-5A and its congeners. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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