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Giao NT, Limpiyakorn T, Thuptimdang P, Ratpukdi T, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S. Reduction of silver nanoparticle toxicity affecting ammonia oxidation using cell entrapment technique. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1007-1016. [PMID: 31025981 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in wastewater treatment systems could impact the ammonia oxidation (AO). This study investigated the reduction of AgNPs and dissociated silver ion (Ag+) toxicity on nitrifying sludge using cell entrapment technique. Three entrapment materials, including barium alginate (BA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and barium alginate (PVA-BA), were applied. The BA beads provided the highest reduction of silver toxicity (up to 90%) and durability. Live/dead assays showed fatality of entrapped cells after exposure to AgNPs and Ag+. The maximum AO rate of the BA-entrapped cells was 5.6 mg-N/g-MLSS/h. The AO kinetics under the presence of silver followed an uncompetitive inhibition kinetic model. The experiments with AgNPs and Ag+ gave the apparent maximum AO rates of 4.2 and 4.8 mg-N/g-MLSS/h, respectively. The apparent half-saturation constants of the BA-entrapped cells under the presence of silver were 10.5 to 13.4 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopic observation coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated no silver inside the beads. This elucidates that the silver toxicity can be reduced by preventing silver penetration through the porous material, leading to less microbial cell damage. This study revealed the potential of the entrapment technology for mitigating the effect of silver species on nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Giao
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Department of Environmental Management, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 90000, Viet Nam; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ;
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Research Network of Chulalongkorn University and National Nanotechnology Center (RNN), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pumis Thuptimdang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), University of Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 56000, Thailand
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok 10330, Thailand E-mail: ; ; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Kabir AMR, Ito M, Uenishi K, Anan S, Konagaya A, Sada K, Sugiura M, Kakugo A. A Photoregulated ATP Generation System for In Vitro Motility Assay. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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3
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Production of xanthan gum by free and immobilized cells of Xanthomonas campestris and Xanthomonas pelargonii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:751-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsao IF, Wang HY, Shipman C. Interaction of infectious viral particles with a quaternary ammonium chlorid (QAC) surface. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 34:639-46. [PMID: 18588148 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260340508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of a surface-bonded quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) was examined in this study. The mechanism of inactivation was elucidated by a combination of infectivity assay, radioactive labeling assay, and sedimentation analysis. Although the virions are still infectious when attached onto the chemically modified surface, we found these viruses are inactivated if they are eluted from the surface. The inactivation is caused by the disruption of the viral envelope with subsequent release of the nucleocapsid. No evidence indicates the released nucleocapsid is further disrupted. An enveloped virus shows a much higher affinity for the QAC-treated surface than a nonenveloped one due to hydrophobic interaction. The QAC-treated beads can effectively remove the enveloped viruses at low protein concentrations. The titer of herpes simplex virus was reduced by a factor of nearly 5 logarithm units in a 0.5 wt % bovine serum albumin solution with less that 10% protein loss. However, the presence of proteins in the solution reduced both the rate and capacity of this nonspecific adsorption-inactivation process. As a consequence, the removal efficiency is relatively poor in solutions with high protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Tsao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Sultana Y, Mall S, Maurya DP. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Microspheres of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Prepared by Emulsification-Internal Gelation Method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sultana Y, Mall S, Maurya DP, Kumar D, Das M. Preparation and in vitro characterization of diltiazem hydrochloride loaded alginate microspheres. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:321-31. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450802626304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Ha J, Engler CR, Wild JR. Biodegradation of coumaphos, chlorferon, and diethylthiophosphate using bacteria immobilized in Ca-alginate gel beads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1138-1142. [PMID: 18845433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 07/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-alginate immobilized cell systems were developed for the detoxification and biodegradation of coumaphos, an organophosphate insecticide, and its hydrolysis products, chlorferon and diethlythiophosphate (DETP). Optimum bead loadings for bioreactor operation were found to be 200 g-beads/L for chlorferon degradation and 300 g-beads/L for DETP degradation. Using waste cattle dip (UCD) solution as substrate, the degradation rate for an immobilized consortium of chlorferon-degrading bacteria was five times greater than that for freely suspended cells, and hydrolysis of coumaphos by immobilized OPH(+)Escherichia coli was 2.5 times greater. The enhanced degradation of immobilized cells was due primarily to protection of the cells from inhibitory substances present in the UCD solution. In addition, physiological changes of the cells caused by Ca-alginate immobilization may have contributed to increased reaction rates. Degradation rates for repeated operations increased for successive batches indicating that cells became better adapted to the reaction conditions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ha
- Samsung Engineering Co Ltd, R&D Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Bhopatkar D, Anal AK, Stevens WF. Ionotropic alginate beads for controlled intestinal protein delivery: Effect of chitosan and barium counter-ions on entrapment and release. J Microencapsul 2008; 22:91-100. [PMID: 16019894 DOI: 10.1080/02652040400026434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alginate beads containing the model protein haemoglobin (Hb) were prepared by coagulation with various counter-ions to improve the controlled release of the protein. The effect of Ba(2+) and Ca(2+) ions and of the polycationic polysaccharide chitosan was investigated. Coagulation with Ba(2+), Ca(2+) and/or chitosan showed differences in the swelling index of the beads, in the encapsulation efficiency of Hb entrapment and in the release of the entrapped protein. Chitosan in the coagulation fluid markedly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of the Hb. Release studies were conducted in simulated gastric fluid (SGF pH approximately or equal to 1.2) and subsequently in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF ) at 37 degrees C. Beads were stable in the gastric fluid but released their protein upon transfer to intestinal fluid. The release coincides with the burst and disintegration of beads. Rate of protein release from the beads was affected by the Ba(2+) and chitosan concentration in coagulation fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhopatkar
- Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Margaritis A, Merchant FJA, Abbott BJ. Advances in Ethanol Production using Immobilized Cell Systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558309084660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Son JH, Buchholz R, Kim SK. Mass production of HzSNPV baculoviruses in immobilizedHeliothis zea (HzAM1) insect cell culture. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02933056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Serp D, Cantana E, Heinzen C, Von Stockar U, Marison IW. Characterization of an encapsulation device for the production of monodisperse alginate beads for cell immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001005)70:1%3c41::aid-bit6%3e3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Serp D, Cantana E, Heinzen C, Von Stockar U, Marison IW. Characterization of an encapsulation device for the production of monodisperse alginate beads for cell immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001005)70:1<41::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Cells of microbes and of higher organisms may be immobilized by a number of methods for a variety of purposes. Although the study of cell immobilization is comparatively novel, the methods that have been developed are very effective and there are few indications that further, greatly superior techniques are likely to evolve. Cells are best immobilized by aggregation, by adsorption onto a support material or by entrapment within gels, of which the natural polysaccharides K-carrageenan and calcium alginate have proved the most useful. Aggregation of cells usually involves heat treatment or chemical cross-linkage and causes total loss of cell viability. It is most suitable for the immobilization of cells so as to contain a single enzymic activity: many of the commercial preparations of glucose isomerase consist of aggregated cells. Adsorption of cells to surfaces is a gentle and simple technique: efficient immobilization is aided by the correct choice of pore size in the support material. Cell viabilities and activities are retained but adsorbed cells may be removed from supports fairly readily. Entrapment within gels allows the retention of cell viability and activity and by supplying full growth media, cells can be made to multiply within the beads of gel, giving very high cell densities. Polyacrylamide has been used satisfactorily for cell entrapment but has been superseded in industrial processes by K-carrageenan or calcium alginate. Industrial processes known to employ immobilized cells include the production of L-malic acid and L-aspartic acid and various steroid conversions. Very many other processes using immobilized cells have been studied at the academic level. Immobilization in polysaccharide gels, in particular, sometimes gives unexpected properties of longevity or activity to cells. These phenomena are largely unexplained but may be due to the gel material’s influencing the chemical composition of the immediate environment of the cells. The use of immobilized cells has not yet made a large impact on the fermentation industries but these are early days in the development of new technology and it is to be expected that processes involving immobilized cells will find wider industrial use in the near future.
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Willaert RG, Baron GV. GEL ENTRAPMENT AND MICRO-ENCAPSULATION: METHODS, APPLICATIONS AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES. REV CHEM ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1515/revce.1996.12.1-2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Roig MG, Rashid DH, Kennedy JF. High-alkaline protease from Bacillus PB92 entrapped in calcium alginate gel. Physicochemical and microscopic studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1995; 55:95-121. [PMID: 7495334 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-alkaline protease (HAP) has been entrapped in Manugel DMB (an alginate gel) and assayed with two sizes and types of substrates: neutral protein casein and synthetic chromogenic tripeptide substrate, Z-Gly-Pro-Cit-PNA. Increasing the concentration of calcium chloride used for capsule formation decreased the measured enzyme activity with both substrates. Capsules were found to be stable in water for long periods of time, but they dissolved in both phosphate and carbonate-bicarbonate buffers. The pH vs activity profiles of encapsulated enzyme showed pH optima between 10 and 11 with both substrates. The calcium alginate matrix surrounding the enzyme was quite effective in stabilizing the enzyme at 20-25 degrees C and even more so at 4 degrees C. Enzyme stability at 50 degrees C was quite impressive, some enzyme activity being evident even after remaining for 1 wk at this temperature in water. Increasing concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were also found to inhibit the protease progressively, whereas a polyhexamethylene biguanidium chloride (PHMBH+Cl-) and SDS:PHMBH+Cl- combination showed the opposite effect. Optical microscopy, especially polarized light microscopy, provided a sensitive physical means of ascertaining some of the structural properties (sphericity, disorganization or organization, distinct layer enveloping the capsules, intensity of the maltese cross) of the capsules with and without enzyme before and after different chemical treatments and the presence or absence of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Roig
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Curtis WR, Wang P, Humphrey A. Role of calcium and differentiation in enhanced sesquiterpene elicitation from calcium alginate-immobilized plant tissue. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00061-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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PASINI G, CRAPISI A, LANTE A, CURIONI A, ZAMORANI A, SPETTOLI P. Evaluation of Bacteriocin Activity Produced in Milk by Lactococcus lactis, Subspecies lactis, Immobilized in Barium Alginate Beads. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb19997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Controlled release of immobilized cells as a strategy to regulate ecological competence of inocula. BIOTECHNICS/WASTEWATER 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0008732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Lundberg P, Berners-Price SJ, Roy S, Kuchel PW. NMR studies of erythrocytes immobilized in agarose and alginate gels. Magn Reson Med 1992; 25:273-88. [PMID: 1614311 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910250206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
31P and 13C NMR were used to study the energy metabolism in perfused, human erythrocytes. The erythrocytes were immobilized in agarose threads, Ca- or Ba-alginate beads, and Ba-alginate-coated agarose threads. Erythrocytes were easily washed out from the agarose threads, but not from alginate-containing gels. Various small molecules, such as hypophosphite, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and methylphosphonate, were taken up from the perfusion medium in a normal manner. In addition, the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) chemical shifts were sensitive to the oxygen partial pressure suggesting that O2 molecules were diffusing through the gel and modifying the binding of 2,3-DPG to hemoglobin. A combination of inosine and pyruvate stimulated the synthesis of 2,3-DPG, but only if inorganic phosphate was present in the perfusion medium. Inosine only resulted in a dramatic rise in the intracellular sugarphosphate concentrations. Furthermore, [2-13C]glucose was converted to [2-13C]lactate by immobilized cells at a rate which was comparable to that in a control suspension. In summary, immobilization in Ba-alginate-coated agarose threads was an efficient way of trapping human erythrocytes for whole cell NMR investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zekorn T, Siebers U, Horcher A, Schnettler R, Zimmermann U, Bretzel RG, Federlin K. Alginate coating of islets of Langerhans: in vitro studies on a new method for microencapsulation for immuno-isolated transplantation. Acta Diabetol 1992; 29:41-5. [PMID: 1520906 DOI: 10.1007/bf00572829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-isolated transplantation offers the attractive prospect of being able to transplant xenogeneic islets without immunosuppression. This study introduces a completely new method of coating single islets using a homogeneous alginate membrane approximately 10 microns thick. During glucose challenge (perifusion and static incubation) encapsulated islets show the same pattern and quantity of insulin release as non-encapsulated controls. This encapsulation method markedly reduces the amount of transplanted material by reducing the size of the capsule. It is suggested that encapsulated islets may be transplanted into sites such as the renal capsule or omentum or even by intraportal injection into the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zekorn
- Medizinische Klinik III und Poliklinik, Justus Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Guiseley KB. Chemical and physical properties of algal polysaccharides used for cell immobilization. Enzyme Microb Technol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(89)90119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yamada H, Shimizu S. Microbial and Enzymatic Processes for the Production of Biologically and Chemically Useful Compounds [New Synthetic Methods (69)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198806221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yamada H, Shimizu S. Mikrobielle und enzymatische Verfahren zur Produktion biologisch und chemisch wertvoller Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Preparation of stable alginate gel beads in electrolyte solutions using Ba2+ and Sr2+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01876161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Thomas D, Thomasset T, Vejux A, Jeanfils J. Fluorescence and photoacoustic spectroscopy of immobilized thylakoids. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:2453-68. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260251014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Structural features of calcium alginate entrapped cyanobacteria modified for ammonia production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00499865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Immobilized Organelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-041104-7.50010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Kierstan M, Darcy G, Reilly J. Studies on the characteristics of alginate gels in relation to their use in separation and immobilized applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 1982; 24:1507-17. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260240705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Birnbaum S, Pendleton R, Larsson PO, Mosbach K. Covalent stabilization of alginate gel for the entrapment of living whole cells. Biotechnol Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Garde VL, Thomasset B, Barbotin JN. Electron microscopic evidence of an immobilized living cell system. Enzyme Microb Technol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(81)90088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Jones A, Veliky IA. Examination of parameters affecting the 5β-hydroxylation of digitoxigenin by immobilised cells of Daucus carota. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00499693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Garde VL, Gellf G, Thomas D. Modification by immobilization of the microenvironment of chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. The influence on light-induced ADP phosphorylation coupled to cyclic electron transport. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 116:337-9. [PMID: 7250130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores were immobilized with a co-crosslinking method. Immobilization was used as a tool for a defined modification of the chromatophore environment to study ATP production over a long period of time. The light-induced phosphorylation of ADP as a function of time was studied with chromatophores under different conditions: (a) native chromatophores with and without the hexokinase ATP-trapping system; (b) immobilized chromatophores without hexokinase, with the enzyme added in the bulk solution and with the enzyme co-immobilized in the matrix. The overall amount of ATP produced as a function of ADP concentration was studied for native and immobilized chromatophores. The global phosphorylation performed was also studied as a function of the amount of biological material used. The results can be explained by an effect of the ATP/ADP ratio. The results given by the immobilization show that the important point is not the ATP/ADP ratio in the bulk solution but the ratio value in the microenvironment of the chromatophore itself.
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Larreta Garde V, Thomasset B, Tanaka A, Gellf G, Thomas D. Comparative stabilization of biological photosystems by several immobilization procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00511250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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