1
|
Gumisiriza R, Hawumba JF, Okure M, Hensel O. Biomass waste-to-energy valorisation technologies: a review case for banana processing in Uganda. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:11. [PMID: 28066511 PMCID: PMC5210281 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uganda's banana industry is heavily impeded by the lack of cheap, reliable and sustainable energy mainly needed for processing of banana fruit into pulp and subsequent drying into chips before milling into banana flour that has several uses in the bakery industry, among others. Uganda has one of the lowest electricity access levels, estimated at only 2-3% in rural areas where most of the banana growing is located. In addition, most banana farmers have limited financial capacity to access modern solar energy technologies that can generate sufficient energy for industrial processing. Besides energy scarcity and unreliability, banana production, marketing and industrial processing generate large quantities of organic wastes that are disposed of majorly by unregulated dumping in places such as swamps, thereby forming huge putrefying biomass that emit green house gases (methane and carbon dioxide). On the other hand, the energy content of banana waste, if harnessed through appropriate waste-to-energy technologies, would not only solve the energy requirement for processing of banana pulp, but would also offer an additional benefit of avoiding fossil fuels through the use of renewable energy. MAIN BODY The potential waste-to-energy technologies that can be used in valorisation of banana waste can be grouped into three: Thermal (Direct combustion and Incineration), Thermo-chemical (Torrefaction, Plasma treatment, Gasification and Pyrolysis) and Biochemical (Composting, Ethanol fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion). However, due to high moisture content of banana waste, direct application of either thermal or thermo-chemical waste-to-energy technologies is challenging. Although, supercritical water gasification does not require drying of feedstock beforehand and can be a promising thermo-chemical technology for gasification of wet biomass such as banana waste, it is an expensive technology that may not be adopted by banana farmers in Uganda. Biochemical conversion technologies are reported to be more eco-friendly and appropriate for waste biomass with high moisture content such as banana waste. CONCLUSION Uganda's banana industrialisation is rural based with limited technical knowledge and economic capability to setup modern solar technologies and thermo-conversions for drying banana fruit pulp. This review explored the advantages of various waste-to-energy technologies as well as their shortfalls. Anaerobic digestion stands out as the most feasible and appropriate waste-to-energy technology for solving the energy scarcity and waste burden in banana industry. Finally, potential options for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of banana waste were also elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gumisiriza
- School of Biosciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mackay Okure
- School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Oliver Hensel
- Universität Kassel-FG Agrartechnik, Nordbahnhofstr.1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oh ST, Martin AD. Long chain fatty acids degradation in anaerobic digester: Thermodynamic equilibrium consideration. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Wu TY, Mohammad AW, Jahim JM, Anuar N. A holistic approach to managing palm oil mill effluent (POME): Biotechnological advances in the sustainable reuse of POME. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
4
|
Powell GE, Hilton MG, Archer DB, Kirsop BH. Kinetics of the methanogenic fermentation of acetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.280330403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
5
|
Archer DB, Thompson LA. Energy production through the treatment of wastes by micro-organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb03612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Angelidaki I, Ellegaard L, Ahring BK. Applications of the anaerobic digestion process. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 82:1-33. [PMID: 12747564 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45838-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At the start of the new millennium waste management has become a political priority in many countries. One of the main problems today is to cope with an increasing amount of primary waste in an environmentally acceptable way. Biowastes, i.e., municipal, agricultural or industrial organic waste, as well as contaminated soils etc., have traditionally been deposited in landfills or even dumped into the sea or lakes without much environmental concern. In recent times, environmental standards of waste incineration and controlled land filling have gradually improved, and new methods of waste sorting and resource/energy recovery have been developed. Treatment of biowastes by anaerobic digestion processes is in many cases the optimal way to convert organic waste into useful products such as energy (in the form of biogas) and a fertilizer product. Other waste management options, such as land filling and incineration of organic waste has become less desirable, and legislation, both in Europe and elsewhere, tends to favor biological treatment as a way of recycling minerals and nutrients of organic wastes from society back to the food production and supply chain. Removing the relatively wet organic waste from the general waste streams also results in a better calorific value of the remainder for incineration, and a more stable fraction for land filling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Angelidaki
- Environment & Resources, The Technical University of Denmark, Block 115, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kashyap DR, Dadhich KS, Sharma SK. Biomethanation under psychrophilic conditions: a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 87:147-153. [PMID: 12765353 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of animal manure, sewage and other agricultural wastes at psychrophilic temperatures has not been explored as extensively as either mesophilic or thermophilic digestion, probably due to little anticipation of the development of economically attractive systems using this technology. This review article discusses psychrophilic anaerobic digestion studies reported by various researchers using different substrates. The effect of operational parameters such as type of substrate, size of inoculum, concentration of volatile fatty acids, hydraulic retention time and loading rate, on reduction of TS/VS, BOD/COD and biogas yield is discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Kashyap
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keshtkar A, Meyssami B, Abolhamd G, Ghaforian H, Asadi MK. Mathematical modeling of non-ideal mixing continuous flow reactors for anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 87:113-124. [PMID: 12733584 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most conventional digesters used for animal wastewater treatment include continuously stirred-tank reactors. While imperfect mixing patterns are more common than ideal ones in real reactors, anaerobic digestion models often assume complete mixing conditions. Therefore, their applicability appears to be limited. In this study, a mathematical model for anaerobic digestion of cattle manure was developed to describe the dynamic behavior of non-ideal mixing continuous flow reactors. The microbial kinetic model includes an enzymatic hydrolysis step and four microbial growth steps, together with the effects of substrate inhibition, pH and thermodynamic considerations. The biokinetic expressions were linked to a simple two-region liquid mixing model, which considered the reactor volume in two separate sections, the flow-through and the retention regions. Deviations from an ideal completely mixed regime were represented by changing the relative volume of the flow-through region (a) and the ratio of the internal exchange flow rate to the feed flow rate (b). The effects of the hydraulic retention time, the composition of feed, the initial conditions of the reactor and the degree of mixing on process performance can be evaluated by the dynamic model. The simulation results under different conditions showed that deviations from the ideal mixing regime decreased the methane yield and resulted in a reduced performance of the anaerobic reactors. The evaluation of the impact of the characteristic mixing parameters (a) and (b) on the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure showed that both liquid mixing parameters had significant effects on reactor performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Keshtkar
- Center of Renewable Energies for Research and Application, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haarstrick A, Hempel DC, Ostermann L, Ahrens H, Dinkler D. Modelling of the biodegradation of organic matter in municipal landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2001; 19:320-331. [PMID: 11720267 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x0101900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A model is presented to simulate the biodegradation of easily and slowly hydrolyzable organic matter, as well as the generation of biogas and heat release. The model is based on fundamental relationships among physical/chemical, thermodynamical and microbial processes occurring in municipal landfills. Local, microbially-mediated degradation processes occurring in municipal landfills, are simulated in terms of the hydrolysis of solid organic matter, the formation of glucose and acetate as intermediary carbon substrates and the generation of the biogases CH4 and CO2. Thus, the overall decomposition of the organic matter has been assumed to follow four sequential biochemical reactions: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. In order to study the impact of environmental factors on the biological decomposition processes, pH, temperature and hydrogen changes have been integrated into the degradation model as inhibition terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Haarstrick
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effect of organic acid profiles during anaerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(96)85038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Heinzle E, Dunn IJ, Ryhiner GB. Modeling and control for anaerobic wastewater treatment. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0007197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
12
|
Influence of the acetate concentration on the recovery time of a perturbed anaerobic digester. Biotechnol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01023182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Lee JW, Peterson DL, Stickney AR. Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewaters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/ep.3300080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Khalil E, Whitmore T, Gamel-El-Din H, El-Bassel A, Lloyd D. The effect of detergent on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
15
|
Powell GE, Archer DB. On-line titration method for monitoring buffer capacity and total volatile fatty acid levels in anaerobic digesters. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989; 33:570-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260330509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Inhibition of propionate degradation by acetate in methanogenic fluidized bed reactors. Biotechnol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01026788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Hilton MG, Archer DB. Anaerobic digestion of a sulfate-rich molasses wastewater: Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 31:885-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260310817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Denac M, Miguel A, Dunn IJ. Modeling dynamic experiments on the anaerobic degradation of molasses wastewater. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 31:1-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260310102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Lloyd D, Whitmore TN. Hydrogen-dependent control of the continuous thermophilic anaerobic digestion process using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Lett Appl Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1988.tb01202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Whitmore T, Etheridge S, Stafford D, Leroff U, Hughes D. The evaluation of anaerobic digester performance by coenzyme F420 analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-4565(86)90010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Nanninga HJ, Gottschal JC. Amino acid fermentation and hydrogen transfer in mixed cultures. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
23
|
Kirsop B. Opportunities for Biotechnology in Food Processing. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1985.10647812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Whitmore TN, Lazzari M, Lloyd D. Comparative studies of methanogenesis in thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digesters using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Biotechnol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01042379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Retention of methanogens in colonised reticulated polyurethane foam biomass support particle. Biotechnol Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
27
|
Webb LJ. Anaerobic biological treatment of wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry. Biotechnol Adv 1984; 2:273-99. [PMID: 14545892 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(84)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L J Webb
- PIRA, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The present knowledge of the microbiology, physiology and regulation of anaerobic digestion in conventional or advanced processes is reviewed. In all systems the carbon flow from biopolymers to biogas is determined by syntrophic interactions of fermentative or acetogenic bacteria with methanogens at the level of interspecies hydrogen transfer. Inhibitors or heavy metal ions may interfere at different levels. The stabilization of waste at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures is compared and the process stability as well as the inactivation of pathogens is discussed. Characteristics of conventional digestion systems and of recently developed advanced processes with solids and liquids uncoupling are compared and selection criteria with respect to the type of sludge are outlined. Areas of future research for a better understanding of the biochemistry, the physiology and the regulation of the degradation of pollutants are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg, FRG
| |
Collapse
|