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Wang Y, Dong W, Zhang Q, Li ZP, Wang YX, Li XF, Huang LJ. Synthesis of 19-hydroxyprogesterone and insights into the ring-opening mechanism of the 6,19-epoxy bridge. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:756-764. [PMID: 36369722 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2144260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable process for the synthesis of 19-hydroxyprogesterone was obtained through seven steps with 34.5% total yield, which is much higher than the process reported in the literature (11.0% total yield). The plausible ring-opening mechanism of 6,19-epoxy bridge in compound 7 was first proposed and the structures of intermediates were supported by the LC-MS analysis of the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yue-Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Long-Jiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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Rodrigues MP, de Oliveira ÁA, Biscoto GL, Pinto PN, Dias RRDS, Salvato LA, Keller LAM, Cavaglieri LR, Rosa CADR, Keller KM. Inhibitory Effect of GRAS Essential Oils and Plant Extracts on the Growth of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Aspergillus carbonarius Strains. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196422. [PMID: 36234959 PMCID: PMC9571399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of essential oils (obtained using hydrodistillation) and plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and hexanic extractions) of 10 different plants cultivated in Brazil were tested using the diffusion agar method, with the objective of evaluating the inhibitory effect of the oils and extracts on the mycelial growth of Aspergillus westerdijkiae NRRL 3174 and A. carbonarius RC 2054 (UNRC). Of the 40 essential oils and plant extracts analyzed, oregano essential oil and plant extract, rosemary essential oil, and the clove ethanolic extract were the best choice to obtain the growth parameters (radial growth rates (mm day−1) and lag phase (h)) due the good results presented and the volume of oil/extract obtained. Comparing all the essential oils and plant extracts that were tested for growth parameters, the best results were obtained for the clove ethanolic extract for both strains assayed. These results demonstrated an outstanding potential use of some of these products in prevention of fungal contamination in food. However, further studies need to be conducted to determine the ability of these oils and extracts to inhibit or reduce ochratoxin A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paiva Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Águida Aparecida de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lago Biscoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Priscila Natália Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Raul Roque de Souza Dias
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Lauranne Alves Salvato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Moura Keller
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Agrossocioambiental Sustentável, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Lilia Reneé Cavaglieri
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto da Rocha Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Moura Keller
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Contente ML, Guidi B, Serra I, De Vitis V, Romano D, Pinto A, Lenna R, de Souza Oliveira RP, Molinari F. Development of a high-yielding bioprocess for 11-α hydroxylation of canrenone under conditions of oxygen-enriched air supply. Steroids 2016; 116:1-4. [PMID: 27665527 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high yielding bioprocess for 11-α hydroxylation of canrenone (1a) using Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 18500 was developed. The optimization of the biotransformation involved both fermentation (for achieving highly active mycelium of A. ochraceus) and biotransformation with the aim to obtain 11-α hydroxylation with high selectivity and yield. A medium based on sucrose as C-source resulted particularly suitable for conversion of canrenone into the corresponding 11-hydroxy derivative, whereas the use of O2-enriched air and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent for increasing substrate solubility played a crucial role for obtaining high yields (>95%) of the desired product in high chemical purity starting from 30mM (10.2g/L) of substrate. The structure of the hydroxylated product was confirmed by a combination of two-dimensional NMR proton-proton correlation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Guidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Lenna
- Industriale Chimica, Via Grieg 13, 21047 Saronno (VA), Italy
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
- Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Nassiri-Koopaei N, Faramarzi MA. Recent developments in the fungal transformation of steroids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Aspergillus section Circumdati or the Aspergillus ochraceus group, includes species with rough walled stipes, biseriate conidial heads, yellow to ochre conidia and sclerotia that do not turn black. Several species are able to produce mycotoxins including ochratoxins, penicillic acids, and xanthomegnins. Some species also produce drug lead candidates such as the notoamides. A polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data and partial calmodulin, β-tubulin and ITS sequences to examine the evolutionary relationships within this section. Based on this approach the section Circumdati is revised and 27 species are accepted, introducing seven new species: A. occultus, A. pallidofulvus, A. pulvericola, A. salwaensis, A. sesamicola, A. subramanianii and A. westlandensis. In addition we correctly apply the name A. fresenii (≡ A. sulphureus (nom. illeg.)). A guide for the identification of these 27 species is provided. These new species can be distinguished from others based on morphological characters, sequence data and extrolite profiles. The previously described A. onikii and A. petrakii were found to be conspecific with A. ochraceus, whilst A. flocculosus is tentatively synonymised with A. ochraceopetaliformis, despite extrolite differences between the two species. Based on the extrolite data, 13 species of section Circumdati produce large amounts of ochratoxin A: A. affinis, A. cretensis, A. fresenii, A. muricatus, A. occultus, A. ochraceopetaliformis (A. flocculosus), A. ochraceus, A. pseudoelegans, A. pulvericola, A. roseoglobulosus, A. sclerotiorum, A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae. Seven additional species produce ochratoxin A inconsistently and/or in trace amounts: A. melleus, A. ostianus, A. persii, A. salwaensis, A. sesamicola, A. subramanianii and A. westlandensis. The most important species regarding potential ochratoxin A contamination in agricultural products are A. ochraceus, A. steynii and A. westerdijkiae.
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Goh CH, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Varga J, Kevei E, Tóth B, Kozakiewicz Z, Hoekstra RF. Molecular analysis of variability within the toxigenic Aspergillus ochraceus species. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:593-9. [PMID: 10932351 DOI: 10.1139/w00-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability of Aspergillus ochraceus was examined at the DNA level. Based on the HaeIII-Bg/II generated mitochondrial DNA restriction profiles, most isolates could be classified into two distinct groups. These two groups could also be distinguished by the random amplified polymorphic DNA technique, and with telomeric PCR amplifications. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the intergenic transcribed spacer region of some of the strains resulted in a dendrogram with the same topology as that based on mitochondrial DNA and amplified DNA data. None of the isolates with type 2 mtDNA profiles produce ochratoxins. Some strains (e.g., A. ochraceus ICMP 939) displayed strain-specific mitochondrial DNA patterns, and their amplified DNA profiles were also different from all other A. ochraceus strains examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Attila József University, Szeged, Hungary.
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Varga J, Tóth B, Rigó K, Téren J, Hoekstra RF, Kozakiewicz Z. Phylogenetic analysis of Aspergillus section Circumdati based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and the 5.8 S rRNA gene. Fungal Genet Biol 2000; 30:71-80. [PMID: 10955909 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2000.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic features and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8 S rRNA gene of type or neotype strains and other isolates of the 17 species currently assigned to Aspergillus section Circumdati and some potentially related species were analyzed. Parsimony analysis of sequence data indicated that Aspergillus section Circumdati is paraphyletic. Aspergillus campestris, A. lanosus, and A. dimorphicus with A. sepultus were found to be more closely related to Aspergillus sections Candidi, Flavi, and Cremei, respectively. These results were also supported by phenotypic data. A. robustus and A. ochraceoroseus were found not to be related to any of the species examined. Species of the proposed revised Aspergillus section Circumdati formed two main clades, which could also be distinguished based on phenotypic methods. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of other isolates assigned to species of the revised section indicates that either some of these isolates were misidentified or species concepts of A. ochraceus, A. melleus, and A. petrakii should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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Abstract
Microbial biotransformations of various steroids are reviewed. Developmental studies on hydroxylation, carbon-carbon bond cleavage, enzymatic catalysis in nonaqueous solvents, use of cyclodextrin medium, cell immobilization, and new microbial reactions are highlighted. Various steroid substrates, their metabolites and the microorganisms used for the transformations are compiled covering the literature for the period 1992-1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Mahato
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
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Willaert RG, Baron GV. GEL ENTRAPMENT AND MICRO-ENCAPSULATION: METHODS, APPLICATIONS AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES. REV CHEM ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1515/revce.1996.12.1-2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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