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Zhang J, Buegger F, Albert A, Ghirardo A, Winkler B, Schnitzler JP, Hebelstrup KH, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Phytoglobin overexpression promotes barley growth in the presence of enhanced level of atmospheric nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4521-4537. [PMID: 31245808 PMCID: PMC6736386 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of high atmospheric NO concentrations on crop plants and the role of phytoglobins under these conditions, we performed a long-term study on barley 'Golden Promise' wild type (WT), class 1 phytoglobin knockdown (HvPgb1.1-) and class 1 phytoglobin overexpression (HvPgb1.1+) lines. Plants were cultivated with nitrogen-free nutrient solution during the entire growth period and were fumigated with different NO concentration (ambient, 800, 1500, and 3000 ppb). Analysis of fresh weight, stem number, chlorophyll content, and effective quantum yield of PSII showed that NO fumigation promoted plant growth and tillering significantly in the HvPgb1.1+ line. After 80 d of NO fumigation, dry matter weight, spikes number, kernel number, and plant kernel weight were significantly increased in HvPgb1.1+ plants with increasing NO concentration. In contrast, yield decreased in WT and HvPgb1.1- plants the higher the NO level. Application of atmospheric 15NO and 15NO2 demonstrated NO specificity of phytoglobins. 15N from 15NO could be detected in RNA, DNA, and proteins of barley leaves and the 15N levels were significantly higher in HvPgb1.1+ plants in comparison with HvPgb1.1- and WT plants. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of phytoglobins allows plants to more efficiently use atmospheric NO as N source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Yamasaki H. Nitrite-dependent nitric oxide production pathway: implications for involvement of active nitrogen species in photoinhibition in vivo. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2000; 355:1477-88. [PMID: 11128001 PMCID: PMC1692879 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical, is a potent photosynthetic inhibitor that reduces CO2 uptake activity in leaves. It is now recognized that NO is not only an air pollutant but also an endogenously produced metabolite, which may play a role in regulating plant cell functions. Although many studies have suggested the presence of mammalian-type NO synthase (NOS) in plants, the source of NO is still not clear. There has been a number of studies indicating that plant cells possess a nitrite-dependent NO production pathway which can be distinguished from the NOS-mediated reaction. Nitrate reductase (NR) has been recently found to be capable of producing NO through one-electron reduction of nitrite using NAD(P)H as an electron donor. This review focuses on current understanding of the mechanism for the nitrite-dependent NO production in plants. Impacts of NO produced by NR on photosynthesis are discussed in association with photo-oxidative stress in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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Pandey J, Pandey U. Evaluation of air pollution phytotoxicity in a seasonally dry tropical urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1994; 33:195-213. [PMID: 24201886 DOI: 10.1007/bf00547062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/1994] [Revised: 09/15/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in the urban environment of Varanasi, India, to evaluate the plant responses to urban air pollution. Twenty sites were selected in four different zones of the city. At each site, seven woody perennials of same age classes were selected. Out of the four zones (I, II, III and IV), zone IV was used as a reference (control) zone as it received the minimum pollution input. Plant species growing in polluted and control areas were compared with respect to foliar dust load, per cent leaf area injury, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, SO 4 (2-) S and total N concentration in the leaves. Results indicated that the air pollution level in Varanasi causes leaf damage, reduces leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and total N concentrations in the leaves. Sulphur concentration in leaves increased with increasing level of SO2 in the ambient air. The magnitude of such changes was maximum at the zone receiving maximum pollution load. Carissa carandas was found to be the most sensitive species and Bougainvillea spectabilis, the least. The study shows that the urban air pollution level in Varanasi is detrimental for the growth of plants involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pandey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, 221 005, Varanasi, India
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Bell S, Ashenden TW, Rafarel CR. Effects of rural roadside levels of nitrogen dioxide on Polytrichum formosum Hedw. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1992; 76:11-14. [PMID: 15092002 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90110-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/1991] [Revised: 05/29/1991] [Accepted: 06/03/1991] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polytrichum formosum Hedw. was exposed to 60 nl litre(-1) (122.4 microm(-3)) NO2 for 37 weeks in a closed chamber fumigation system. This concentration was chosen to simulate roadside levels in rural areas. Over an initial winter period (October-January) growth of existing shoots was stimulated by NO2. When new growth was recorded in April and May, NO2 pollution over winter and spring had resulted in a 36% reduction in new (< 1 cm) shoot production, and a 46% reduction in old shoots showing new growth. It is concluded that plants of Polytrichum formosum Hedw. growing near to roads may be adversely affected by NO2 pollution. Adverse effects of NO2 on plants and possible synergistic effects with other pollutants could cause growth reductions in sensitive species, thus affecting species composition of roadside vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bell
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor Research Unit, UCNW, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UP, UK
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Wellburn AR. Tansley Review No. 24 Why are atmospheric oxides of nitrogen usually phytotoxic and not alternative fertilizers? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1990; 115:395-429. [PMID: 33874286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution by the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO2 , can cause reductions in growth but rarely visible injury. This review considers their uptake into foliage, as well as their subsequent metabolism and physiology, and attempts to explain why these gases are often phytotoxic. The combined stresses of resisting cellular acidification, enhanced levels of nitrite (and ammonia), and the direct interference of the free radical ('N=O) with critical enzymes, reaction centres and regulatory mechanisms are thought to be the main reasons why oxides of nitrogen, especially NO, inhibit growth. If other air pollutants such as SO2 are also present with NO or NO2 then free radical-induced injury, similar to that caused by O3 alone, also occurs. CONTENTS Summary 395 I. Introduction 396 II. Uptake and cycling of oxides of nitrogen 396 III. Biochemical responses to NO and NO2 405 IV. Physiological responses to NO and NO2 410 V. Combinations of NO and NO2 with other pollutants 416 VI. Recapitulation and beyond 418 Acknowledgements 420 References 420.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Wellburn
- Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LAI 4YQ, UK
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Ashenden TW, Bell SA, Rafarel CR. Effects of nitrogen dioxide pollution on the growth of three fern species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1990; 66:301-308. [PMID: 15092229 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(90)90147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/1989] [Revised: 04/17/1990] [Accepted: 04/20/1990] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposing plants of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman and Polypodium vulgare L. to 60 nl litre(-1) (122 microg m(-3)) NO(2) for 37 weeks were investigated in a closed chamber fumigation system. There was no effect of NO(2) on the numbers of fronds produced for any species at any time during the exposure period. However, at the end of the study, there was a lower dry weight yield of green shoots of D. filix-mas and P. scolopendrium and a higher yield of green shoots of P. vulgare for plants in the NO(2) treatment as compared to control plants. These differences in shoot dry weights were not accompanied by an effect of NO(2) exposure on total plant dry weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ashenden
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor Research Unit, University College of North Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2LQ, UK
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Hanson P, Rott K, Taylor G, Gunderson C, lindberg S, Ross-Todd B. NO2 deposition to elements representative of a forest landscape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kammerbauer H, Selinger H, Römmelt R, Ziegler-Jöns A, Knoppik D, Hock B. Toxic components of motor vehicle emissions for the spruce Picea abies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1987; 48:235-243. [PMID: 15092688 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/1987] [Accepted: 06/15/1987] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Six-year-old Norway spruce trees were exposed for 30 min under standardised conditions to the exhaust from an Otto engine running on lead-free petrol. Gas-exchange measurements in an open system using an infrared gas analyser showed a sudden, severe drop in CO(2) assimilation and transpiration rates. By using filters which absorbed different fractions of the exhaust it could be demonstrated that the toxic effects can be attributed to the NO(x) fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kammerbauer
- Department of Botany, Technical University of Munich, D-8050 Freising 12, Federal Republic of Germany
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Murray A, Wellburn A. Differences in nitrogen metabolism between cultivars of tomato and pepper during exposure to glasshouse atmosphere containing oxides of nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(85)90112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pierre M, Quiroz O. Modulation by leaf age and SO2 concentration of the enzymic response to subnecrotic SO2 pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(82)90077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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AMUNDSON R, MACLEAN D. Influence of Oxides of Nitrogen on Crop Growth and Yield: An Overview. STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-42127-2.50050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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