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Grace CRR, Cowsik SM. Solution conformation of non-mammalian tachykinin physalaemin in lipid micelles by nuclear magnetic resonance. Biopolymers 2011; 96:252-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Fornelli L, Schmid AW, Grasso L, Vogel H, Tsybin YO. Deamidation and transamidation of substance P by tissue transglutaminase revealed by electron-capture dissociation fourier transform mass spectrometry. Chemistry 2010; 17:486-97. [PMID: 21207565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) catalyzes both deamidation and transamidation of peptides and proteins by using a peptidyl glutamine as primary substrate. A precise consensus sequence for the enzyme is unknown and the ratio between deamidated and transamidated (or cross-linked) reaction products is highly substrate-dependent. Due to its overlapping body distribution with tTGase and ease of manipulation with tandem mass spectrometry, we used the neuropeptide substance P as a model to investigate the associated enzymatic kinetics and reaction products. Online liquid-chromatography Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) combined with electron-capture dissociation (ECD) was employed to study the tTGase-induced modifications of substance P. A particular strength of ECD for peptide-enzyme reaction product monitoring is its ability to distinguish isomeric amino acids, for example, Glu and iso-Glu, by signature product ions. Our studies show that the primary reaction observed is deamidation, with the two consecutive glutamine residues converted sequentially into glutamate: first Gln(5) , and subsequently Gln(6) . We then applied ECD FT-ICR MS to identify the transamidation site on an enzymatically cross-linked peptide, which turned out to correspond to Gln(5) . Three populations of substance-P dimers were detected that differed by the number of deamidated Gln residues. The higher reactivity of Gln(5) over Gln(6) was further confirmed by cross-linking SP with monodansylcadaverine (MDC). Overall, our approach described herein is of a general importance for mapping both enzymatically induced post-translational protein modifications and cross-linking. Finally, in vitro Ca-signaling assays revealed that the main tTGase reaction product, the singly deamidated SP (RPKPEQFFGLM-NH(2) ), has increased agonist potency towards its natural receptor, thus confirming the biologically relevant role of deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fornelli
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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The role of the N-terminal and mid-region residues of substance P in regulating functional selectivity at the tachykinin NK1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 592:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Claudel S, Tasseau O, Sagan S, Grison C, Coutrot P, Lavielle S. Incorporation of vinylogous scaffolds in the C-terminal tripeptide of substance P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 64:186-93. [PMID: 15485556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine-9 and leucine-10 of substance P (SP) are critical for (NK)-1 receptor recognition and agonist activity. Propsi(Z)-CH=CH(CH3)-CONH)Leu (or Met) and Propsi((E)-CH=CH(CH3)-CONH)Leu (or Met) have been introduced in the sequence of SP, in order to restrict the conformational flexibility of the C-terminal tripeptide, Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, of SP. Propsi((Z)-CH=C(CH2CH(CH3)2)-CONH)Met-NH2, with an isobutyl substituent to mimic the Leu side-chain, was also incorporated in place of the C-terminal tripeptide. The substituted-SP analogs were tested for their affinity to human NK-1 receptor specific binding sites (NK-1M and NK-1m) and their potency to stimulate adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the human NK-1 receptor. The most potent SP analogs [Pro9psi((Z)CH=C(CH3)CONH)Leu10]SP and [Pro9psi ((E)CH=C(CH3)CONH)Leu10]SP, are about 100-fold less potent than SP on both binding sites and second messenger pathways. These vinylogous (Z)- or (E)-CH=C(CH3)- or (Z)-CH=C(CH2CH(CH3)2) moieties hamper the correct positioning of the C-terminal tripeptide of SP within both the NK-1M- and NK-1m-specific binding sites. The origin of these lower potencies is related either to an incorrect peptidic backbone conformation and/or an unfavorable receptor interaction of the methyl or isobutyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Claudel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire, Institut Nancéien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université H. Poincaré, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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Warner FJ, Mack P, Comis A, Miller RC, Burcher E. Structure-activity relationships of neurokinin A (4-10) at the human tachykinin NK(2) receptor: the role of natural residues and their chirality. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:55-60. [PMID: 11137709 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity study of neurokinin A (NKA) (4-10) was performed to investigate the importance of residue and chirality for affinity and efficacy at the NK(2) receptor in human colon circular muscle. Two series of NKA(4-10) analogues were produced with either L-alanine or the D-enantiomer substituted. Their activities were determined in vitro by means of radioligand binding and isolated smooth muscle pharmacology. NKA was more potent than NKA(4-10) at the human, unlike the rabbit, NK(2) receptor. The contractile response of NKA(4-10) was unaffected by N-terminal acetylation. L-Ala substitution of Asp(4), Val(7), Leu(9), and Met(10) caused an 8- to 80-fold decrease, and substitution of Phe(6) caused a 5000-fold decrease in binding affinity (P < 0.01). Positions Ser(5) and Gly(8) were not significantly affected. In functional studies, a similar pattern was observed. The replacement of residues with their respective D-enantiomer drastically reduced binding affinity and functional potency, particularly at positions 6 and 7 (P < 0.05). NKA(4-10) analogues L-Ala(6), L-Ala(8), D-Phe(6), D-Val(7), and D-Met(10) were partial agonists. An excellent correlation was observed between binding and functional data (r = 0.95). A retro-inverso analogue of NKA(4-10) was inactive. In conclusion, the side chains of Asp(4), Phe(6), Val(7), Leu(9), and Met(10) are structurally important features of NKA(4-10) for agonist activity, and changes in amino acid chirality are detrimental to binding affinity and functional activity. Overall, our data are broadly similar to those of previous studies in the rat. However, at the human NK(2) receptor, unlike the rat, [Ala(8)]NKA(4-10) was an antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Warner
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Augé S, Bersch B, Tropis M, Milon A. Characterization of substance P-membrane interaction by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect. Biopolymers 2000; 54:297-306. [PMID: 10935970 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(20001015)54:5<297::aid-bip10>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Substance P, one of the mammalian tachykinins, is known to interact strongly with lipid bilayers and this interaction may play a role in the receptor-peptide recognition process. The conformation of substance P bound to vesicles consisting of perdeuterated phosphatidylcholine has been investigated by means of two-dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser (trNOE) spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance data analysis resulted in a unique conformational family characterized by a well-defined conformation of the last seven C-terminal amino acids, which consists of a sequence of nonstandard turns following each other in a helix-like manner. The absence of short- or medium-range trNOE in the N-terminal part indicates its structural flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Augé
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, 205 rte de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
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7
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Perrine SA, Whitehead TL, Hicks RP, Szarek JL, Krause JE, Simmons MA. Solution structures in SDS micelles and functional activity at the bullfrog substance P receptor of ranatachykinin peptides. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1741-53. [PMID: 10794691 DOI: 10.1021/jm000093v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel tachykinin-like peptides has been isolated from bullfrog brain and gut. These compounds, ranatachykinin A (RTKA), ranatachykinin B (RTKB), and ranatachykinin C (RTKC), were named for their source, Rana catesbeiana, and their homology to the tachykinin peptide family. We present the first report of the micelle-bound structures and pharmacological actions of the RTKs. Generation of three-dimensional structures of the RTKs in a membrane-model environment using (1)H NMR chemical shift assignments, two-dimensional NMR techniques, and molecular dynamics and simulated annealing procedures allowed for the determination of possible prebinding ligand conformations. RTKA, RTKB, and RTKC were determined to be helical from the midregion to the C-terminus (residues 4-10), with a large degree of flexibility in the N-terminus and minor dynamic fraying at the end of the C-terminus. The pharmacological effects of the RTKs were studied by measuring the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) in Chinese hamster ovarian cells stably transfected with the bullfrog substance P receptor (bfSPR). All of the RTKs tested elicited Ca(2+) elevations with a rank order of maximal effect of RTKA >/= SP > RTKC >/= RTKB. A high concentration (1 microM) of the neuropeptides produced varying degrees of desensitization to a subsequent challenge with the same or different peptide, while a low concentration (1 pM) produced sensitization at the bfSPR. Our data suggest differences in amino acid side chains and their charged states at the C-terminal sequence or differences in secondary structure at the N-terminus, which do not overlap according to the findings in this paper, may explain the differing degree and type of receptor activation seen at the bfSPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Perrine
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine and Huntington VA Medical Center, 1542 Spring Valley Drive, Huntington, West Virginia 25704, USA
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Josien H, Convert O, Berlose JP, Sagan S, Brunissen A, Lavielle S, Chassaing G. Topographic analysis of the S7 binding subsite of the tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor. Biopolymers 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199608)39:2<133::aid-bip2>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Norinder U, Rivera C, Undén A. A quantitative structure-activity relationship study of some substance P-related peptides. A multivariate approach using PLS and variable selection. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1997; 49:155-62. [PMID: 9147311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1997.tb00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nine new analogues of substance P (SP) were designed using quantitative sequence-activity models based on the amino acid z-scales with PLS as the statistical method and the GOLPE procedure for variable selection. The nine SP analogues were synthesised by solid-phase peptide synthesis and tested for affinity to the NK-1 receptor from rat brain with radio receptor assay using [125I]-Bolton-Hunter substance P as labelled ligand. All of the new substance P analogues showed high affinities, with IC50 values of less than 0.8 nM. One analog, Lys-Arg-Ala-Lys-Phe-Met-Met-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Let-NH2, showed a exceptional high affinity for the NK1 receptor, with IC50 = 5 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Norinder
- Astra Pain Control AB, Södertälje, Sweden
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Sagan S, Josien H, Karoyan P, Brunissen A, Chassaing G, Lavielle S. Tachykinin NK-1 receptor probed with constrained analogues of substance P. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:2167-78. [PMID: 9022979 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The action of rotameric probes introduced either in position 7 or 8 in the sequence of substance P (SP) was investigated, i.e. L-tetrahydroisoquinoleic acid (Tic), L-fluorenylglycine (Flg), L-diphenylalanine (Dip), the diastereoisomers of L-1-Indanylglycine (Ing) and L-benz[f]indanylglycine (Bfi), the Z- and E-isomers of dehydrophenylalanine and dehydronaphthylalanine (delta ZPhe, delta EPhe, delta ZNal, ENal) and L-O,O'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp). The aim of this study was the topographical characterization of the binding subsites of human NK-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells, especially the S7 and S8 subsites, corresponding to residues Phe7 and Phe8 of substance P. According to the binding potencies of these substituted-SP analogues, the S7 binding subsite is smaller than the S8 subsite: the S7 subsite accepts only one aromatic nucleus, while the S8 can accommodate three coplanar nuclei altogether. These findings are compatible with the idea that the S8 binding subsite may reside in the extracellular loops of the hNK-1 receptor. NK-1 agonists bind to human NK-1 receptor and activate the production of both inositol phosphates and cyclic AMP. As already quoted for septide, [pGlu6, Pro9]SP(6-11), discrepancies are observed between affinity (K1) and activity (EC50) values for IPs production. While a weak correlation between K1 and EC50 values for IPs production could be found (r = 0.70), an excellent correlation could be demonstrated between their affinities (K1) and their potencies (EC50) for cAMP production (r = 0.97). The high potency (EC50) observed for "septide-like' molecules on PI hydrolysis, compared to their affinity is not an artefact related to the high level of NK-1 receptors expressed on CHO cells since a good correlation was found between EC50 values obtained for PI hydrolysis and those measured for spasmogenic activity in guinea pig ileum bioassay (r = 0.94).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sagan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, CNRS URA 493, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
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11
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Josien H, Convert O, Berlose JP, Sagan S, Brunissen A, Lavielle S, Chassaing G. Topographic analysis of the S7 binding subsite of the tachykinin neurokinin-1 receptor. Biopolymers 1996; 39:133-47. [PMID: 8679946 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199608)39:2%3c133::aid-bip2%3e3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conformationally and configurationally restricted rotameric probes of phenylalanine have been incorporated in the sequence of substance P (SP)-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2-for analyzing the binding pockets of Phe7 (S7) and Phe8 (S8), in the neurokinin-1 receptor. These analogues of phenylalanine are (2S. 3R)- and (2S, 3S)-indanylglycines, E- and Z-alpha, beta-dehydrophenylalanines, and 2(S)-alpha, beta-cyclopropylphenylalanines [delta E Phe. delta Z Phe. inverted delta E2 (S) Phe, and inverted delta Z 2 (S) Phe]. Binding data obtained with either conformationally (Ing diastereoisomers) or configurationally (delta E Phe, delta Z Phe) probes have unveiled large differences in the binding potencies of these rotameric probes. With the support of nmr data and energy calculations done on these SP-substituted analogues, we attempt to answer questions inherent to such study. First, none of these six probes prevents the formation of bioactive conformation(s) of the backbone of SP. Second, both diastereoisomers (S, S) and (S, R) of indanylglycine preferentially adopt, in the sequence of SP, the gauche (-) and trans side-chain orientations, respectively, as previously postulated from energy calculations with model peptides. However, in solution, the difference in energy between these rotamers included in the sequence of SP, compared to model peptides, is small since the other rotamer can be detected in [(2S, 3R)Ing7]SP. Finally, from this study we can hypothesize that the large variations observed in the affinities of Phe7 substituted analogues of SP must come from steric hindrance in the S7 binding site, which drastically restricts the space filling around the C alpha-C beta bond of residue 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Josien
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Organique Biologique, CNRS URA 493, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Rivera-Baeza C, Kaljuste K, Undén A. Backbone-to-backbone cyclized and linear pseudopeptide analogs of substance P as ligands to the substance P receptor from rat brain. Neuropeptides 1996; 30:327-33. [PMID: 8914858 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(96)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two series of backbone modified substance P analogs were synthesized. In the first group of analogs the N-terminal region of substance P, SP(1-4), was replaced by a polyamine segment or aliphatic omega-amino fatty acid residues. Two of these analogs displaced 125I-Bolton-Hunter labeled substance P from rat brain synaptosomes with IC50 values of 1.3 +/- 0.5 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 nM, respectively. These affinities are similar to that of substance P (IC50 1.3 nM). The second group of analogs were a set of backbone-to-backbone cyclized pseudopeptides. In these analogs two peptide bonds at the C-terminal portion of substance P were replaced by the reduced peptide bonds (psi[CH2NH]) which were further reductively alkylated with 3(4-methylbenzylthio)propanal. After cleavage from the resin the peptides were oxidized into a cyclic disulfide. All of the cyclic analogs of substance P interacted with the NK1 receptor from rat brain with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rivera-Baeza
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Déry O, Josien H, Grassi J, Chassaing G, Couraud JY, Lavielle S. Use of conformationally constrained peptides for a topographical analysis of the combing site of a monoclonal anti-substance P antibody. Biopolymers 1996; 39:67-74. [PMID: 8924627 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199607)39:1<67::aid-bip7>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The topography of the binding site of a monoclonal anti-substance P antibody directed toward the C-terminal pentapeptide of substance P, Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, was analyzed further using a wide range of constrained analogues of substance P. Results obtained in the present study show the following: (a) The binding subsites of Phe7 and Phe8 are large and deep, accommodating various side chains, including nonaromatic amino acids. (b) In contrast, the binding pockets for Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 appear more restrictive. Consequently, five residues in the peptide are necessary for the high binding affinity to the antibody, the C-terminal tripeptide determining the binding specificity. These data, which appear to contradict those previously published, illustrate the limits of conclusions drawn from studies generally carried out using exclusively Ala-substituted peptides. In addition, the present results indicate that the topography of the binding site of this monoclonal antibody differs from that of the specific substance P neurokinin-1 receptor, in agreement with the differences observed in the fine specificities of these two substance P binding macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Déry
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'immunologie DSV/DRIPP, Bât 136, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Cummings J, MacLellan AJ, Jones DA, Langdon SP, Rozengurt E, Ritchie AA, Smyth JF. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, tissue and tumour distribution of the neuropeptide growth factor antagonist [Arg6, D-Trp7,9, NmePhe8]- substance P(6-11) in nude mice bearing the H69 small-cell lung cancer xenograft. Ann Oncol 1995; 6:595-602. [PMID: 8573540 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [Arg6, D-Trp7,9, NmePhe8]-Substance P (6-11) (codenamed antagonist G) represents the first board spectrum antagonist of a number of neuropeptides shown to act as growth factors in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is shortly to enter clinical trials. DESIGN Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, tissue disposition have been studied in mice (nu/nu) bearing the NCI-H69 human SCLC xenograft after systemic drug adminstration at an active dose (45 mg/kg i.p.). RESULTS The peptide exhibited relatively long half life (28.9 min; clearance 45.6 ml/min/kg) and distributed widely (volume of distribution 1490 ml/kg). Marked accumulation of antagonist G (and its metabolites) was noted in the liver (AUC5278 micrograms/g x min) and to a lesser extent the spleen (AUC 930 micrograms/g x min) but only low levels appeared to cross the blood brain barrier (AUC in brain, 20 micrograms/g x min) or be taken up into the heart (AUC 101 micrograms/g x min). Tumour uptake was intermediate in value out of the 7 tissues studied (AUC 195 micrograms/g x min). Metabolism was restricted almost exclusively to the C terminal of the peptide producing 4 major products: M1, deamidated antagonist G; M2, Harg-DTrp-NmePhe-DTrp-Leu-OH, both of which retain growth factor antagonist activity; M3, a combination of oxidised antagonist G [Met11(O)] and oxidised deamidated antagoinst G; and M4, a combination of H-Arg-DTrp-NmePhe-DTrp-OH and H-DTrp-NmePhe-DTrp-Leu-OH. Extensive biotransformation to predominately M1 and M2 occurred in most tissues including the tumour where the parent peptide accounted for only 48.5% of the total. CONCLUSION Levels of antagonist G required to produce a small but significant effect on the growth of SCLC cell lines in vitro are in the region of 4-7 microM. Taking into account metabolites, a peak concentration of 4.1 microgram/g (4.3 microM) was achieved in the H69 xenograft. These studies reveal a favourable preclinical pharmacology profile for antagonist G and offer hope that anticancer activity may be achievable in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Cummings J, MacLellan AJ, Langdon SP, Jones DA, Rozengurt E, Smyth JF. Processing of the neuropeptide growth factor antagonist [Arg6, D-Trp7.9, NmePhe8]-substance P (6-11) by a small cell lung cancer cell line (H69). Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 49:1709-12. [PMID: 7540393 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00074-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
[Arg6, D-Trp7.9, NmePhe8]-substance P (6-11) (antagonist G) is a broad spectrum neuropeptide growth factor antagonist about to enter clinical trials as an anticancer drug. Its fate has been studied after incubation with two densities (5 x 10(4) cells/mL and 1 x 10(6) cells/mL) of the H69 small cell lung cancer cell line for up to 7 days at a concentration of 20 microM, corresponding to the IC50 for growth inhibition. HPLC analyses were conducted on cell pellets and media and in controls consisting of cell free media and water. Over 7 days in media containing cells a 70.4% reduction in parent peptide concentration occurred at the high density and a 44.1% reduction at low density. Despite this, there was a steady elevation in peptide associated with cells reaching a 189% increase by day 7. Oxidation of G at the C-terminal methionine residue occurred in all media studied indicative of a chemical process. The two major active metabolites of antagonist G (deamidated G and G minus Met11) were detected only in media in the presence of cells. These accumulated with time in media and cells together with oxidized products. These results reveal complex cellular pharmacology for antagonist G where H69 cells are increasingly exposed to 4 different peptide products rather than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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Cummings J, MacLellan A, Langdon SP, Smyth JF. Stability and in vitro metabolism of the mitogenic neuropeptide antagonists [D-Arg1,D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P and [Arg6, D-Trp7,9, MePhe8]-substance P (6-11) characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1994; 12:811-9. [PMID: 7522585 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)e0027-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The substance P (SP) analogues [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-SP and [Arg6, D-Trp7,9, MePhe8]-SP (6-11) (antagonists D and G, respectively) are under consideration as new anticancer drugs. In this report, the stability and in vitro metabolism of both antagonists in up to seven different media (water, 1 M acetic acid, human plasma, nude mouse liver and WX 322 human SCLC xenograft homogenized in either 1 M acetic acid or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4) have been characterized by both isocratic and gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC. Antagonist D was stable (never > 13% degradation over 24 h, at 37 degrees C) in water, 1 M acetic acid and plasma but was metabolized by PBS liver homogenates (10%, w/v) sequentially to two stable metabolites with a half life of 0.98 h at a concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1. The major pathway of degradation of antagonist G appeared to be C-terminal methionine oxidation (particularly in plasma) as well as hydrolysis, with even aqueous solutions being significantly affected at low concentrations of peptide (0.1 micrograms ml-1, half life 20.9 h at 37 degrees C). Stable metabolites of antagonist G were also detected in incubations with PBS liver homogenates (half life 1.53 h at 500 micrograms ml-1, 37 degrees C). Overall, the data presented indicate that the modifications made to SP have been relatively successful in preserving chemical and biological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Patacchini R, Quartara L, Rolka K, Zboinska J, Kupryszewski G, Maggi CA. Effect of scyliorhinin I and synthetic scyliorhinin I derivatives at mammalian tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 250:311-6. [PMID: 7509285 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dogfish tachykinin peptide scyliorhinin I and a number of its analogues substituted in position 7 were tested in bioassays for tachykinin NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors. Scyliorhinin I behaved as a full agonist at tachykinin NK1 receptors of the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle and at NK2 receptors of the rabbit pulmonary artery and hamster trachea. In these three preparations scyliorhinin I was as potent agonist as substance P methylester and neurokinin A, respectively. Evidence for activation of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors by scyliorhinin I was obtained by using the selective tachykinin antagonists FK 888, MEN 10,376 and L 659,877. Scyliorhinin I was poorly active as an agonist at NK3 receptors of the rat portal vein. Among scyliorhinin I analogues, [beta-(2-naphthyl)-Ala7]scyliorhinin I, [Val7]scyliorhinin I and [Ile7]scyliorhinin I were 3-25 times weaker than scyliorhinin I itself at NK1 and NK2 receptors. [Phe7]scyliorhinin I, [Phe(F)7]scyliorhinin I and [Phe(Cl)7]scyliorhinin I were as potent as scyliorhinin I at NK1 receptors in the guinea-pig ileum, while they showed 10-30 times lower affinity than scyliorhinin I for NK2 receptors. The present results are discussed in relation to the importance of position 7 in determining the potency and selectivity of scyliorhinin I analogues at tachykinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patacchini
- Pharmacology Department, A. Menarini Pharmaceuticals, Florence, Italy
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Lavielle S, Chassaing G, Brunissen A, Rodriguez M, Martinez J, Convert O, Carruette A, Garret C, Petitet F, Saffroy M. Importance of the leucine side-chain to the spasmogenic activity and binding of substance P analogues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1993; 42:270-7. [PMID: 7693605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies with Substance P (SP) antagonists (GR 71251, [DPro9, Pro10, Trp11]SP and [DPro9, MeLeu10, Trp11]SP) have suggested the existence in the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) of two distinct tachykinin receptors associated with the contractile responses of [Pro9]SP and septide. In addition [Apa9-10]SP, a glycine-substituted analogue of SP with a carba bond between residues 9 and 10, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP = [Apa9-10]SP, was shown to belong to the 'septide family' (low affinity for NK-1 specific binding sites and high potency in the GPI). In order to establish the importance of the isopropyl side-chain in position 10, the binding potencies and activities of [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP, [Ala10]SP, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Leu10]SP and [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-DLeu10]SP were compared. Conformational behaviour of active peptides with a carba bond was analyzed by NMR and modelisation studies. This study with agonists demonstrated that undecapeptides substituted in position 10 in the SP sequence also enabled discrimination of NK-1 receptors from receptors responsible for the spasmogenic activities of peptides belonging to the 'septide family'. [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Leu10]SP is a highly potent NK-1 agonist, [Gly9-psi(CH2-CH2)-Gly10]SP acts on the septide-sensitive receptor, and [Ala10]SP is a mixed agonist.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Computer Simulation
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- Leucine/chemistry
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Male
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Conformation
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Tachykinin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tachykinin/metabolism
- Receptors, Tachykinin/physiology
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substance P/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lavielle
- Laboratory of Biological Organic Chemistry, URA CNRS 493, Paris VI University, France
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