1
|
Waris TS, Shah STA, Mehmood A, Mushtaq A, Zehra M, Zulfiqar S, Andleeb A, Jabbar F, Anjum MA, Anwar Chaudhry A, Rehman IU, Yar M. Chitosan-sodium percarbonate-based hydrogels with sustained oxygen release potential stimulated angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35344. [PMID: 37942693 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The prolonged hypoxic conditions hinder chronic wounds from healing and lead to severe conditions such as delayed re-epithelialization and enhanced risk of infection. Multifunctional wound dressings are highly required to address the challenges of chronic wounds. Herein, we report polyurethane-coated sodium per carbonate-loaded chitosan hydrogel (CSPUO2 ) as a multifunctional dressing. The hydrogels (Control, CSPU, and CSPUO2 ) were prepared by freeze gelation method and the developed hydrogels showed high porosity, good absorption capacity, and adequate biodegradability. The release of oxygen from the CSPUO2 hydrogel was confirmed by the increase in pH and a sustained oxygen release was observed over the period of 21 days, due to polyurethane (CSPU) coating. The CSPUO2 hydrogel exhibited around 2-fold increased angiogenic potential in CAM assay when compared with Control and CSPU dressing. CSPUO2 also showed good level of antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. In a full-thickness rat wound model, CSPUO2 hydrogel considerably accelerated wound healing with exceptional re-epithelialization granulation tissue formation less inflammatory cells and improved skin architecture highlighting the tremendous therapeutic potential of this hydrogel when compared with control and CSPU to treat chronic diabetic and burn wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyba Sher Waris
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Azra Mehmood
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afaq Mushtaq
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashra Zehra
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zulfiqar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabbar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Anjum
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sergeeva YE, Zakharevich AA, Sukhinov DV, Koshkalda AI, Kryukova MV, Malakhov SN, Antipova CG, Klein OI, Gotovtsev PM, Grigoriev TE. Chitosan Sponges for Efficient Accumulation and Controlled Release of C-Phycocyanin. BIOTECH 2023; 12:55. [PMID: 37606442 PMCID: PMC10443324 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper proposed a new porous material for wound healing based on chitosan and C-phycocyanin (C-PC). In this work, C-PC was extracted from the cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis biomass and purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation. The obtained C-PC with a purity index (PI) of 3.36 ± 0.24 was loaded into a chitosan sponge from aqueous solutions of various concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mg/L). According to the FTIR study, chitosan did not form new bonds with C-PC, but acted as a carrier. The encapsulation efficiency value exceeded 90%, and the maximum loading capacity was 172.67 ± 0.47 mg/g. The release of C-PC from the polymer matrix into the saline medium was estimated, and it was found 50% of C-PC was released in the first hour and the maximum concentration was reached in 5-7 h after the sponge immersion. The PI of the released C-PC was 3.79 and 4.43 depending on the concentration of the initial solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana E. Sergeeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (Y.E.S.); (D.V.S.); (M.V.K.); (P.M.G.)
- Department of NBIC-Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zakharevich
- Department of Nanobiomaterials and Structures, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (C.G.A.); (O.I.K.)
| | - Daniil V. Sukhinov
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (Y.E.S.); (D.V.S.); (M.V.K.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Alexandra I. Koshkalda
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mariya V. Kryukova
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (Y.E.S.); (D.V.S.); (M.V.K.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Sergey N. Malakhov
- Department for Resource Centre, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Christina G. Antipova
- Department of Nanobiomaterials and Structures, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (C.G.A.); (O.I.K.)
| | - Olga I. Klein
- Department of Nanobiomaterials and Structures, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (C.G.A.); (O.I.K.)
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel M. Gotovtsev
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioenergy, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (Y.E.S.); (D.V.S.); (M.V.K.); (P.M.G.)
- Department of NBIC-Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Timofei E. Grigoriev
- Department of NBIC-Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Department of Nanobiomaterials and Structures, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (C.G.A.); (O.I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fabrication of Waterproof, Breathable Composite Liquid Dressing and Its Application in Diabetic Skin Ulcer Repair. Adv Skin Wound Care 2018; 29:499-508. [PMID: 27755049 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000490362.64517.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic patients are at increased risk of severe skin infections. Covering the wound as early as possible can prevent infection and shorten the course of treatment. In this study, the authors fabricated a waterproof and breathable composite liquid dressing (CLD) that formed a barrier to bacteria and shortened healing time of diabetic rat skin ulcers. METHODS The CLD was prepared in a formulation that, on evaporation of the liquid carrier, acts as a waterproof, breathable coating on injured skin. The coating was analyzed for water resistance, moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), bacterial barrier properties, sustained-release function, and biosafety. A chemically induced rat model of diabetic foot ulcers was used to examine the wound healing effect of CLD and CLD that contained Dermlin (Yensen Biotech Co, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China). The wound healing rate, histologic changes, and epidermal growth factor expression were also evaluated. RESULTS The CLD functioned as an effective barrier against infection, was waterproof, had a suitable MVTR, and had effective biosafety. The synergistic effects of CLD and Dermlin had a rapid wound closure rate. Histologic analysis and measurement of epidermal growth factor expression through an in vivo test revealed that the possible mechanism of the CLD effects included the reduction of inflammation and promotion of cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Early treatment with the CLD can prevent infection. In combination with Dermlin, the CLD may promote better wound closure in diabetic skin ulcers. The authors' study suggests a novel strategy for ulcer healing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mawad D, Warren C, Barton M, Mahns D, Morley J, Pham BT, Pham NT, Kueh S, Lauto A. Lysozyme depolymerization of photo-activated chitosan adhesive films. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
A facile method for synthesizing water-soluble and superior sustained release anti-HIV prodrug SCs-d4T. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 49:84-92. [PMID: 25686930 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently deliver stavudine (d4T) for AIDS therapy, chitosan-stavudine conjugate (Cs-d4T) was synthesized. However, its poor water-solubility limited its clinical application. In this study, a sulphonated chitosan-stavudine conjugate (SCs-d4T) was synthesized with a mild SO3·Py complex sulphonation strategy. Chemical characteristics and morphology of Cs-d4T and SCs-d4T were performed by NMR, XRD, FTIR, ICP-AES and SEM. SCs-d4T demonstrated satisfactory solubility (106-bold of Cs-d4T solubility), good anti-HIV activity (6-fold of d4T anti-HIV activity), and well sustained release ability. The major release product O-isopropyl-5'-H-phosphonate of d4T (d4T-P-H) showed higher anti-HIV activity than d4T. For further evaluating the influence of linker and sulphonation strategy on anti-HIV activity, chitosan grafted with d4T by succinyl linker (Cs-sd4T) and SCs-d4T sulphonated by oleum were also prepared. The result showed that the O-isopropyl monophosphate linker of Cs-d4T and SO3·Py complex sulphonation strategy revealed higher anti-HIV activity than succinyl linker of Cs-sd4T and oleum sulphonation strategy, respectively.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moura LI, Dias AM, Leal EC, Carvalho L, de Sousa HC, Carvalho E. Chitosan-based dressings loaded with neurotensin--an efficient strategy to improve early diabetic wound healing. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:843-57. [PMID: 24121197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One important complication of diabetes mellitus is chronic, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This study aims to develop and use dressings based on chitosan derivatives for the sustained delivery of neurotensin (NT), a neuropeptide that acts as an inflammatory modulator in wound healing. Three different derivatives, namely N-carboxymethyl chitosan, 5-methyl pyrrolidinone chitosan (MPC) and N-succinyl chitosan, are presented as potential biomaterials for wound healing applications. Our results show that MPC has the best fluid handling capacity and delivery profile, also being non-toxic to Raw 264.7 and HaCaT cells. NT-loaded and non-loaded MPC dressings were applied to control/diabetic wounds to evaluate their in vitro/in vivo performance. The results show that the former induced more rapid healing (50% wound area reduction) in the early phases of wound healing in diabetic mice. A NT-loaded MPC foam also reduced expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (P<0.001) and decreased the amount of inflammatory infiltrate on day 3. On day 10 MMP-9 was reduced in diabetic skin (P<0.001), significantly increasing fibroblast migration and collagen (COL1A1, COL1A2 and COL3A1) expression and deposition. These results suggest that MPC-based dressings may work as an effective support for sustained NT release to reduce DFUs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosans. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:452-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
8
|
|
9
|
van der Mei HC, Engels E, de Vries J, Dijkstra RJB, Busscher HJ. Chitosan adsorption to salivary pellicles. Eur J Oral Sci 2007; 115:303-7. [PMID: 17697170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle is a negatively charged protein film, to which oral bacteria readily adhere. Chitosans are cationic biomolecules with known antimicrobial properties that can be modified in different ways to enhance its antimicrobial activity. Here, we determined the changes in surface chemical composition using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in hydrophobicity by analyzing water contact angles, in charge through measuring streaming potentials, and evaluated morphology using atomic force microscopy (AFM), of salivary pellicles upon adsorption of different chitosans. The adsorption of chitosans to pellicles was chemically evident from altered carbon functionalities and the presence of an N(1s) peak at 401.1 eV as a result of protonated amines in XPS. Chitosan adsorption made the pellicle (zeta potential of untreated pellicles 29 mV) positively charged and more hydrophobic. A chemically modified chitosan (CL) and an unmodified chitosan (UC) caused aggregation of adsorbed salivary proteins, and AFM revealed clumps of protein after treatment with these chitosans, yielding an increase in pellicle surface roughness from 5.1 nm to between 16.3 and 35.6 nm for CL and UC, respectively. In summary, chitosans have a clear tendency to adsorb to salivary pellicles with a profound effect on the surface properties of the pellicle. Therefore, chitosans may provide anchoring molecules to affix antimicrobials to pellicle surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gavini E, Rassu G, Muzzarelli C, Cossu M, Giunchedi P. Spray-dried microspheres based on methylpyrrolidinone chitosan as new carrier for nasal administration of metoclopramide. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 68:245-52. [PMID: 17574825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The work purpose was to study the application of 5-methylpyrrolidinone chitosan (MPC) for preparing mucoadhesive microparticles for the nasal administration of drugs. Microspheres were produced by the spray-drying technique using MPC; metoclopramide hydrochloride (MC) was chosen as model drug. Chitosan microparticles were prepared as a comparison. The microparticles obtained were characterised (encapsulation efficiency, morphology, size and drug release behaviour). In-vitro mucoadhesive tests, swelling tests and ex-vivo studies using sheep nasal mucosa were performed. The hydrogel formation from microspheres was studied in different media and at different pHs. Microspheres are able to control the in-vitro MC release. MPC microparticles show good in-vitro mucoadhesive properties and ex-vivo controlled permeation profiles. The hydrogel formation is dependent mainly on the medium used: ionically crosslinked hydrogel was hypothesized. These in-vitro and ex-vivo preliminary results show that spray-dried microspheres based on MPC could be a suitable nasal delivery system for the administration of metoclopramide.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bumgardner JD, Chesnutt BM, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Appleford M, Oh S, McLaughlin R, Elder SH, Ong JL. The integration of chitosan-coated titanium in bone: an in vivo study in rabbits. IMPLANT DENT 2007; 16:66-79. [PMID: 17356373 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3180312011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PROCEDURE Much research is directed at surface modifications to enhance osseointegration of implants. A new potential coating is the biopolymer, chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of the natural polysaccharide, chitin. Chitosan is biocompatible, degradable, nontoxic, and exhibits osteogenic properties. The aim of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that chitosan-coated titanium supports bone formation and osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan (1 wt% of 92.3% deacetylated chitosan in 1% acetic acid) was solution cast and bonded to rough ground titanium pins (2-mm diameterx4-mm long) via silane reactions. Calcium phosphate sputter-coated titanium and uncoated titanium pins were used as controls. Two chitosan-coated pins, and 1 each of calcium phosphate coated and uncoated pins were implanted unilaterally in the tibia of 16 adult male New Zealand white rabbits. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, undecalcified sections were histologically evaluated for healing and bone formation. RESULTS Histological evaluations of tissues in contact with the chitosan-coated pins indicated minimal inflammatory response and a typical healing sequence of fibrous, woven bone formation, followed by development of lamellar bone. These observations were similar to those for tissues interfacing the control calcium phosphate-coated and uncoated titanium implants. Quantitative comparisons of the bone-implant interface were not possible since 31% of the implants migrated into the tibial marrow space after implantation due to insufficient cortical bone thickness to hold pins in place during healing. CONCLUSION These data support the hypothesis that chitosan-coatings are able to develop a close bony apposition or the osseointegration of dental/craniofacial and orthopedic implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Bumgardner
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar MNVR, Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C, Sashiwa H, Domb AJ. Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6017-84. [PMID: 15584695 DOI: 10.1021/cr030441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1791] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M N V Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160 062, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agnihotri SA, Mallikarjuna NN, Aminabhavi TM. Recent advances on chitosan-based micro- and nanoparticles in drug delivery. J Control Release 2005; 100:5-28. [PMID: 15491807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1495] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable research efforts have been directed towards developing safe and efficient chitosan-based particulate drug delivery systems. The present review outlines the major new findings on the pharmaceutical applications of chitosan-based micro/nanoparticulate drug delivery systems published over the past decade. Methods of their preparation, drug loading, release characteristics, and applications are covered. Chemically modified chitosan or its derivatives used in drug delivery research are discussed critically to evaluate the usefulness of these systems in delivering the bioactive molecules. From a literature survey, it is realized that research activities on chitosan micro/nanoparticulate systems containing various drugs for different therapeutic applications have increased at the rapid rate. Hence, the present review is timely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil A Agnihotri
- Drug Delivery Division, Center of Excellence in Polymer Science, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghanem A, Katalinich M. Characterization of chitosan films for tissue engineering applications. Appl Bionics Biomech 2005. [DOI: 10.1533/abbi.2004.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
15
|
Silano M, Vincentini O, Muzzarelli RA, Muzzarelli C, De Vincenzi M. MP-Chitosan protects Caco-2 cells from toxic gliadin peptides. Carbohydr Polym 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Muzzarelli R, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Miliani M, Muzzarelli C, Gabbanelli F, Biagini G. In vivo and in vitro biodegradation of oxychitin–chitosan and oxypullulan–chitosan complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(01)00234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Muzzarelli RA. Analytical biochemistry and clinical significance of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and related enzymes. EXS 2000; 87:235-47. [PMID: 10906964 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8757-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Human N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, hexosaminidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and glucocerebrosidase have not been so widely studied as the beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases in bacteria, fungi and arthropods. Their biochemical role has been elucidated, however, and their urinary and plasma determination is being adopted for the early detection of diseases before clinical manifestation, in particular for hypertension, renal injuries and disorders, depression and lysosomal storage diseases. The spectrophotometric determinations of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, most often done with 3-cresolsulphone phthaleinyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, have been recently simplified and adapted to automatic instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Muzzarelli
- University of Ancona, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Biomaterials, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muzzarelli RA, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Pugnaloni A, Biagini G. Biochemistry, histology and clinical uses of chitins and chitosans in wound healing. EXS 2000; 87:251-64. [PMID: 10906965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8757-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability, biocompatibility and capacity to promote the synthesis of hyaluronan are main characteristics of chitin-derived wound healing materials, whose biological significance in the human body depends largely on the actions that certain hydrolases exert on them. The resulting chitooligomers stimulate various cells, while the released monomers are phosphorylated and incorporated into hyaluronan, keratan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, components of the intracellular matrix and connective tissue. The healing process favoured by these materials is examined in terms of macrophage activation, cytokine production by macrophages and fibroblasts, antiinflammatory action, angiogenesis stimulation, granulation and scar formation. Current biomedical applications are illustrated by the treatment of leg ulcers, the use of skin substitutes, and the regeneration of bone, nerve and meniscus tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Muzzarelli
- Center for Innovative Biomaterials, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol)-crosslinked reacetylated chitosans. Carbohydr Polym 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Amiji MM. Platelet adhesion and activation on an amphoteric chitosan derivative bearing sulfonate groups. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(98)00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
Qu X, Wrzyszczynski A, Pielichowski K, Pielichowski J, Adamczak E, Morge S, Lindén LÅ, Rabek JF. Polymerization of Chitosan-Acrylic Salt for Use in Dentistry. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329708014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Muzzarelli RA, Xia W, Tomasetti M, Ilari P. Depolymerization of chitosan and substituted chitosans with the aid of a wheat germ lipase preparation. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00015-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
N-Carboxymethylchitosan from crab and shrimp chitosans was obtained in water-soluble form by proper selection of the reactant ratio, i.e. using equimolar quantities of glyoxylic acid and amino groups. HPLC determinations of glyoxylic and glycolic acids, in conjunction with NMR analysis, permitted identification of the structure of the product, which is partly N-mono-carboxymethylated (0.3), N,N-dicarboxymethylated (0.3) and N-acetylated depending on the level of deacetylation of the starting chitosan (0.08-0.15). The preparation can be made successfully even in the presence of large concentrations of glycolic acid. The use of enzymes exerting hydrolysing activity on the high-molecular-weight fractions helps to avoid gel formation during storage and precipitate formation on addition of anti-microbial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Muzzarelli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Muzzarelli RA, Zucchini C, Ilari P, Pugnaloni A, Mattioli Belmonte M, Biagini G, Castaldini C. Osteoconductive properties of methylpyrrolidinone chitosan in an animal model. Biomaterials 1993; 14:925-9. [PMID: 8268384 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90134-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects were surgically produced in the tibiae of rabbits and medicated with freeze-dried methylpyrrolidinone chitosan. Histological observations 60 d after surgery showed a considerable presence of neoformed bone tissue, as opposed to controls, originating from the pre-existing bone as well as from the periosteum. The cationic nature and the chelating ability of the methylpyrrolidinone chitosan apparently favoured mineralization. Endosteal-periosteal and bone marrow osteoblast-like precursors, stimulated by growth factors entrapped in the coagulum-polysaccharide mixture, gave rise to intramembranous bone formation. The ultrastructural examination evidenced that bone osteoid was followed by mineralization of the tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Muzzarelli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Separation of coeliac-active peptides from bread wheat with the aid of methylpyrrolidinone chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
30
|
Muzzarelli RA, Biagini G, Bellardini M, Simonelli L, Castaldini C, Fratto G. Osteoconduction exerted by methylpyrrolidinone chitosan used in dental surgery. Biomaterials 1993; 14:39-43. [PMID: 8425023 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90073-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Surgical wounds from wisdom tooth avulsions were medicated with freeze-dried methylpyrrolidinone chitosan, a gel-forming resorbable biopolymer obtained from crab chitosan by chemical modification. Methylpyrrolidinone chitosan promoted osteoconduction and the space left after avulsion was filled with newly formed bone tissue, which conferred desirable mechanical and physiological characteristics to the healed would site. Morphological evidence obtained from biopsies confirmed the radiographic data. Methylpyrrolidinone chitosan was progressively depolymerized by lysozyme and was no longer detected 6 months after surgery. None of the 10 patients reported adverse effects over one year of observation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Muzzarelli RA, Ilari P, Tomasetti M. Preparation and characteristic properties of 5-methyl pyrrolidinone chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90084-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
|