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Pettis GS. Spreading the news about the novel conjugation mechanism in Streptomyces bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:503-510. [PMID: 29901262 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of mycelial spore-forming bacteria of the genus Streptomyces is their prolific production of antibiotics and other bioactive secondary metabolites as part of a complex morphological and physiological developmental program. They are further distinguished by a conjugation mechanism that differs substantially from the single-strand mode of DNA transfer via Type IV secretion, which is exhibited by numerous unicellular Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. At the crux of the novel intermycelial transfer event in Streptomyces spp. is a membrane pore composed of a single plasmid protein (TraB), which also functions as an FtsK-like DNA pump driven by the energy of ATP hydrolysis. TraB binds to specific 8-mer repeats within the non-coding clt plasmid transfer locus and the DNA is then translocated intercellularly in double-strand form. TraB also translocates chromosomal DNA most likely by binding to 8-mer clc sequences (clt-like chromosomal sequences) distributed throughout streptomycete chromosomes. In the recipient, plasmids are dispersed through septal crosswalls apparently by a multiprotein complex comprising TraB and plasmid Spd proteins. Continued rounds of such intramycelial spreading distribute plasmids well beyond the initial entrance point during the time prior to cell differentiation and sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg S Pettis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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2
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Panopoulos NJ. A Career on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Memoirs of a Molecular Plant Pathologist. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:1-21. [PMID: 28777925 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article recounts the experiences that shaped my career as a molecular plant pathologist. It focuses primarily on technical and conceptual developments in molecular phytobacteriology, shares some personal highlights and untold stories that impacted my professional development, and describes the early years of agricultural biotechnology. Writing this article required reflection on events occurring over several decades that were punctuated by a mid-career relocation across the Atlantic. I hope it will still be useful, informative, and enjoyable to read. An extended version of the abstract is provided in the Supplemental Materials , available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas J Panopoulos
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94619
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece;
- Hellenic Agricultural Academy, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Heterologous viral expression systems in fosmid vectors increase the functional analysis potential of metagenomic libraries. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1107. [PMID: 23346364 PMCID: PMC3551230 DOI: 10.1038/srep01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary potential of metagenomic functional analyses to identify activities of interest present in uncultured microorganisms has been limited by reduced gene expression in surrogate hosts. We have developed vectors and specialized E. coli strains as improved metagenomic DNA heterologous expression systems, taking advantage of viral components that prevent transcription termination at metagenomic terminators. One of the systems uses the phage T7 RNA-polymerase to drive metagenomic gene expression, while the other approach uses the lambda phage transcription anti-termination protein N to limit transcription termination. A metagenomic library was constructed and functionally screened to identify genes conferring carbenicillin resistance to E. coli. The use of these enhanced expression systems resulted in a 6-fold increase in the frequency of carbenicillin resistant clones. Subcloning and sequence analysis showed that, besides β-lactamases, efflux pumps are not only able contribute to carbenicillin resistance but may in fact be sufficient by themselves to convey carbenicillin resistance.
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Buchholz SE, Eveleigh DE. Transfer of Plasmids to an Antibiotic-Sensitive Mutant of Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 52:366-70. [PMID: 16347136 PMCID: PMC203531 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.2.366-370.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type strains of Zymomonas mobilis exhibit multiple antibiotic resistance and thus restrict the use of many broad-host-range plasmids in them as cloning vehicles. Antibiotic-sensitive mutants of Z. mobilis were isolated and used as hosts for the conjugal transfer of broad-host-range plasmids from Escherichia coli. Such antibiotic-sensitive strains can facilitate the application of broad-host-range plasmids to the study of Z. mobilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Buchholz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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Hendson M, Thomson JA. Expression of an agrocin-encoding plasmid ofAgrobacterium tumefaciensinRhizobium meliloti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb03372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marineo S, Lecat E, Cusimano MG, Giardina A, Di Caro V, Puglia AM. Identification of SCP2165, a new SCP2-derived plasmid of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 41:350-4. [PMID: 16162143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characterization of SCP2165, a plasmid identified in the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). METHODS AND RESULTS Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of mycelia of a S. coelicolor strain embedded in low melting agarose revealed the presence of a plasmid. Restriction enzyme mapping and sequence analysis of a 2.1 kb fragment revealed that this plasmid could be SCP2. SCP2 and its spontaneous derivative SCP2* are self-transmissible plasmids and have chromosome mobilizing ability (c.m.a.). SCP2* has a c. 1000-fold increased c.m.a. compared with SCP2. Interestingly the plasmid, named SCP2165, shows a c.m.a. from 5x10(-2) to 1x10(-1) which is 50-100-fold higher than that described for crosses involving SCP2*. CONCLUSIONS SCP2165 is a SCP2 derivative plasmid with the highest c.m.a. so far described for SCP2 derivative plasmids. PFGE, under conditions we used, seems to be a fast way to identify large circular plasmids in Streptomyces strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Further knowledge of the SCP2 family may allow the construction of improved SCP2-derived cloning vectors. SCP2165 could be a potential tool for conjugational transfer of gene clusters between different Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marineo
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Chiu CM, Thomas CM. Evidence for past integration of IncP-1 plasmids into bacterial chromosomes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 241:163-9. [PMID: 15598528 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids of the IncP-1 incompatibility group are self-transmissible between and stably maintained in a very broad range of Gram-negative bacteria. A characteristic feature of IncP-1 genomes is the existence of multiple binding sites (OB) for the KorB protein which plays a dual role in active partitioning of plasmid and coordinate regulation of expression of genes for replication, maintenance and transfer. A search of the available bacterial genome sequences revealed a significant number (70 out of 322) with one or more putative KorB binding sites. Binding of KorB to such a site was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for Pseudomonas putida KT2440. While such a site may arise by chance, this is unlikely for Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 whose genome sequence contains four clustered OB sites and several regions have more than 80% nucleotide identity to traJ, trbJ and trbL of IncP-1 plasmids. A number of other bacterial genomes also contain integrated partial IncP-1 genomes or their remnants. These data provide evidence for multiple past integration events of IncP-1 plasmids into bacterial chromosomes and provide new evidence for IncP-1 plasmids being important elements in gene mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Chiu
- School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Wernegreen JJ, Moran NA. Vertical transmission of biosynthetic plasmids in aphid endosymbionts (Buchnera). J Bacteriol 2001; 183:785-90. [PMID: 11133977 PMCID: PMC94939 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.2.785-790.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2000] [Accepted: 10/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested for horizontal transfer of plasmids among Buchnera aphidicola strains associated with ecologically and phylogenetically related aphid hosts (Uroleucon species). Phylogenetic congruence of Buchnera plasmid (trpEG and leuABC) and chromosomal (dnaN and trpB) genes supports strictly vertical long-term transmission of plasmids, which persist due to their contributions to host nutrition rather than capacity for infectious transfer. Synonymous divergences indicate elevated mutation on plasmids relative to chromosomal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wernegreen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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Pettis GS, Cohen SN. Mutational analysis of the tra locus of the broad-host-range Streptomyces plasmid pIJ101. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4500-4. [PMID: 10913083 PMCID: PMC94621 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.16.4500-4504.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2000] [Accepted: 05/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tra gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 encodes a 621-amino-acid protein that can mediate both plasmid transfer and the interbacterial transfer of chromosomal genes (i.e., chromosome-mobilizing ability [Cma]) during mating. Here we report the results of in-frame insertional mutagenesis studies aimed at defining regions of Tra required for these functions. While hexameric linker insertions throughout the tra gene affected plasmid and chromosomal gene transfer, insertions in a 200-amino-acid region of the Tra protein that contains presumed nucleotide-binding motifs and that is widely conserved among a functionally diverse family of bacterial and plasmid proteins (K. J. Begg, S. J. Dewar, and W. D. Donachie, J. Bacteriol. 177:6211-6222, 1995) had especially prominent effects on both functions. Insertions near the N terminus of Tra reduced Cma for either circular or linear host chromosomes to a much greater extent than pIJ101 plasmid transfer. Our results suggest that Cma involves Tra functions incremental to those needed for plasmid DNA transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Pettis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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Pettis GS, Cohen SN. Transfer of the plJ101 plasmid in Streptomyces lividans requires a cis-acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer. Mol Microbiol 1994; 13:955-64. [PMID: 7854128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The tra gene of Streptomyces lividans plasmid plJ101 is required for both plasmid DNA transfer and plJ101-induced mobilization of chromosomal genes during mating. We show that a chromosomally inserted copy of tra mediates transfer of chromosomal DNA at high frequency but promotes efficient transfer of plasmids only when they contain a previously unknown locus, here named clt. Insertional mutation or deletion of clt from plJ101 reduced plasmid transfer mediated by either plasmid-borne or chromosomally located tra by at least three orders of magnitude, abolished the transfer-associated pocking phenomenon, and interfered with the ability of tra+ plasmids to promote transfer of chromosomal DNA. Our results indicate that plasmid transfer in S. lividans involves a cis-acting function dispensable for chromosomal gene transfer and imply that either the S. lividans chromosome encodes its own clt-like function or, alternatively, that transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA occurs by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Pettis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305
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Brolle DF, Pape H, Hopwood DA, Kieser T. Analysis of the transfer region of the Streptomyces plasmid SCP2. Mol Microbiol 1993; 10:157-70. [PMID: 7968512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
pIJ903, a bifunctional derivative of the 31.4 kb low-copy-number, conjugative Streptomyces plasmid SCP2*, was mutagenized in Streptomyces lividans using Tn4560. Mutant plasmids differing in their transfer frequencies, chromosome mobilization abilities, pock formation, and complementation properties were isolated. The mutations defined five transfer-related genes, traA, traB, traC, traD and spd, clustered in a region of 9 kb. The deduced sequences of the putative TraA and TraB proteins showed no overall similarity to known protein sequences, but the phenotype of traA mutant plasmids and sequence motifs in the putative TraA protein suggested that it might be a DNA helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Brolle
- John Innes Institute, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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Thomas AW, Slater JH, Weightman AJ. The dehalogenase gene dehI from Pseudomonas putida PP3 is carried on an unusual mobile genetic element designated DEH. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:1932-40. [PMID: 1312533 PMCID: PMC205799 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.6.1932-1940.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the production of two dehalogenases (DehI and DehII), Pseudomonas putida PP3 utilized halogenated alkanoic acids, such as 2-monochloropropionic acid (2MCPA), as sole sources of carbon and energy. The DehI gene (dehI) was carried on a mobile genetic element (DEH) located on the chromosome of strain PP3. DEH recombined with target plasmid DNAs at high frequencies (e.g. 3.8 x 10(-4) per RP4.5 plasmid transferred). The regulated expression of dehI was detected in P. putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli strains containing derivative plasmids of RP4.5 and pWW0 recombined with DEH. Movement of DEH from the unstable RP4 derivatives pNJ5000 and pMR5 resulted in the insertion of DEH into the chromosome of RecA+ strains of P. putida but not in RecA+ nor RecA- strains of E. coli. Rescue of DEH from the chromosome of P. putida KT2441 onto plasmid RP4 involved recombination at a frequency (2.7 x 10(-4) per RP4 plasmid transferred) comparable to that observed in strain PP3. The DEH element was not classified as a conventional transposon because it did not move as a discrete DNA fragment: dehI-containing inserts in plasmid DNA targets varied in size between 6 and 13 kb. In addition, DEH exhibited a marked preference for insertion into a specific site on the plasmid pWW0, but its transposition, independent of host recombinational systems, remains to be demonstrated. However, the transposonlike characteristics of DEH included the conservation of restriction endonuclease sites, high-frequency recombination with different target replicons (plasmid and chromosomal DNA), and promiscuous insertion into plasmid RP4-based replicons. Therefore, it is proposed that DEH is an unusual mobile genetic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Thomas
- School of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales, Cardiff
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Suwanto A, Kaplan S. Chromosome transfer in Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Hfr formation and genetic evidence for two unique circular chromosomes. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:1135-45. [PMID: 1735708 PMCID: PMC206406 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.4.1135-1145.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 600-bp oriT-containing DNA fragment from the Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 S factor (oriTs) (A. Suwanto and S. Kaplan, J. Bacteriol. 174:1124-1134, 1992) was shown to promote polarized chromosomal transfer when provided in cis. A Kmr-oriTs-sacR-sacB (KTS) DNA cassette was constructed by inserting oriTs-sacR-sacB into a pUTmini-Tn5 Km1 derivative. With this delivery system, KTS appeared to be randomly inserted into the genome of R. sphaeroides, generating mutant strains which also gained the ability to act as Hfr donors. An AseI site in the Kmr cartridge (from Tn903) and DraI and SnaBI sites in sacR-sacB (the levansucrase gene from Bacillus subtilis) were employed to localize the KTS insertion definitively by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The orientation of oriTs at the site of insertion was determined by Southern hybridization analysis. Interrupted mating experiments performed with some of the Hfr strains exhibited a gradient of marker transfer and further provided genetic evidence for the circularity and presence of two chromosomal linkage groups in this bacterium. The genetic and environmental conditions for optimized mating between R. sphaeroides strains were also defined. The results presented here and our physical map of the R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 genome are discussed in light of the presence of two chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suwanto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225
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Johnson J, Warren RL, Branstrom AA. Effects of FP2 and a mercury resistance plasmid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 on exoenzyme production. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:940-4. [PMID: 1905322 PMCID: PMC269912 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.5.940-944.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids encoding mercury resistance carried by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1161 and PA103 were found to be involved in regulating the secretion of protease, phospholipase C, and alkaline phosphatase. Previously, mutations in Pseudomonas strains that caused pleiotropic effects on the production of extracellular enzymes were mapped to the bacterial chromosome. We show that pleiotropic changes in extracellular enzyme production can also be regulated by plasmids. In this study, the effects on secretion of exoenzymes by two mercury resistance plasmids, FP2 from PAO1161 and pRLW103 from PA103, were assayed in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PAO18. The introduction of either plasmid into PAO1 resulted in a significant decrease in exoprotease production. Additionally, pRLW103 significantly increased the production of alkaline phosphatase by both strains. Phospholipase C was produced only in strain PAO18 containing the pRLW103 plasmid. FP2 had no effect on alkaline phosphatase or phospholipase C production in either strain and was found to decrease exoprotease secretion only in strain PAO1. The results indicate the P. aeruginosa mercury resistance plasmids vary in their ability to modify exoenzyme expression, and this ability is influenced by the host strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
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Eden PA, Blakemore RP. Electroporation and conjugal plasmid transfer to members of the genus Aquaspirillum. Arch Microbiol 1991; 155:449-52. [PMID: 1907445 DOI: 10.1007/bf00244960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation methods and conjugal matings were used to transfer several plasmid vectors to Aquaspirillum dispar and Aquaspirillum itersonii. The incompatibility P class plasmid RP4 was conjugally transferred from Escherichia coli HB101 to these spirilla, and the transconjugants subsequently donated the molecule to plasmid-free E. coli and A. dispar strains via conjugal matings. High-voltage electrotransformation was used to transfer plasmids pUCD2, pSa151 and RP4 to A. dispar and A. itersonii, at efficiencies as high as 3 x 10(4) transformants per micrograms plasmid DNA. RP4 DNA isolated from spirillum hosts, but not RP4 from E. coli cells was successfully transferred to A. dispar and A. itersonii by electrotransformation, suggesting that modification and/or restriction activity may be present in these Aquaspirillum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Eden
- Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
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Bogosian G, Kane JF. Fate of recombinant Escherichia coli K-12 strains in the environment. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1991; 36:87-131. [PMID: 1877384 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Bogosian
- Animal Sciences Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198
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Finnen R, Dhanvantari B, Trevors J. Plasmid profiles and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. J Microbiol Methods 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(90)90007-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Miksch G, Lentzsch P. Construction of an R-prime plasmid carrying thehup genes ofAzorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and its transfer to and stability inRhizobium meliloti. J Basic Microbiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Birkenbihl RP, Vielmetter W. Complete maps of IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4, IS5, IS30 and IS150 locations in Escherichia coli K12. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1989; 220:147-53. [PMID: 2558284 DOI: 10.1007/bf00260869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper complete distribution maps are presented of the seven IS elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 30 and 150. These maps were obtained during the construction of an almost complete restriction map of the Escherichia coli genome of K12 strain BHB2600. The positions of IS elements were correlated to this map. The distribution of integration sites of all IS types is nonrandom. Besides a large gap from 79 min to 96 min, there is a pronounced IS cluster at 6 min and another at 97 min, map locations that have low gene incidences on the classical map. One cluster coincides with a region of IS induced rearrangements. The IS distribution pattern was compared to patterns of strains W3110 and HB101.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Birkenbihl
- Institut für Genetik, Universität zu Köln, Federal Republic of Germany
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Suwanto A, Kaplan S. Physical and genetic mapping of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 genome: presence of two unique circular chromosomes. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:5850-9. [PMID: 2808300 PMCID: PMC210445 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.11.5850-5859.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A macrorestriction map representing the complete physical map of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 chromosomes has been constructed by ordering the chromosomal DNA fragments from total genomic DNA digested with the restriction endonucleases AseI, SpeI, DraI, and SnaBI. Junction fragments and multiple restriction endonuclease digestions of the chromosomal DNAs derived from wild-type and various mutant strains, in conjunction with Southern hybridization analysis, have been used to order all of the chromosomal DNA fragments. Our results indicate that R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 carries two different circular chromosomes of 3,046 +/- 95 and 914 +/- 17 kilobases (kb). Both chromosome I (3,046 kb) and chromosome II (914 kb) contain rRNA cistrons. It appears that only a single copy of the rRNA genes is contained on chromosome I (rrnA) and that two copies are present on chromosome II (rrnB, rrnC). Additionally, genes for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapB) and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (hemT) are found on chromosome II. In each instance, there appears to be a second copy of each of these genes on chromosome I, but the extent of the DNA homology is very low. Genes giving rise to enzymes involved in CO2 fixation and linked to the gene encoding the form I enzyme (i.e., the form I region) are on chromosome I, whereas those genes representing the form II region are on chromosome II. The complete physical and partial genetic maps for each chromosome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suwanto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61801
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Serdar CM, Gibson DT. Studies of nucleotide sequence homology between naphthalene-utilizing strains of bacteria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 164:772-9. [PMID: 2684157 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)91526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of P. putida, strain NCIB 9816, to grow with naphthalene (Nah+) and salicylate (Sal+) is correlated with the presence of an 83 kilobase (kb) conjugative plasmid (pDTG1). The genes encoding the upper pathway (Nah--greater than Sal) for naphthalene degradation are located on a 15 kb EcoRI fragment which was cloned into pKT230. The resulting recombinant, pDTG113, was nick-translated and used as a radioactive probe to investigate nucleotide sequence homology between the naphthalene-utilizing organisms, P. putida G7, P. putida NP, and strain PL6. Each of these bacterial strains were isolated from different locations at different times. The results show that all of these organisms contain closely related genes that are involved in naphthalene metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Serdar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas, Austin 78712
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de Smet MJ, Friedman MB, Gunsalus IC. Plasmid control of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida phenotypes and of linalool and p-cymene oxidation. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:5155-61. [PMID: 2504698 PMCID: PMC210330 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.9.5155-5161.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Pseudomonas strains (PpG777 and PaG158) were derived from the parent isolate Pseudomonas incognita (putida). Strain PpG777 resembles the parental culture in growth on linalool as a source of carbon and slight growth on p-cymene, whereas PaG158 grows well on p-cymene, but not on linalool or other terpenes tested, and has a P. aeruginosa phenotype. Curing studies indicate that linalool metabolism is controlled by an extrachromosomal element whose loss forms a stable strain PaG158 with the p-cymene growth and P. aeruginosa phenotype characters. The plasmid can be transferred by PpG777 to both P. putida and P. aeruginosa strains. Surprisingly, the latter assume the P. putida phenotype. We conclude that the genetic potential to oxidize p-cymene is inherent in PpG777 but expression is repressed. Similarly, this observation implies that support of linalool oxidation effectively conceals the P. aeruginosa character.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J de Smet
- La Jolla Biological Laboratories, Salk Institute, San Diego, California 92138
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25
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Ichige A, Matsutani S, Oishi K, Mizushima S. Establishment of gene transfer systems for and construction of the genetic map of a marine Vibrio strain. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:1825-34. [PMID: 2539353 PMCID: PMC209828 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.4.1825-1834.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two gene transfer systems were established for a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain 60. One was generalized transduction with a newly isolated bacteriophage, As3, and the other was conjugal gene transfer by the use of newly constructed transposon-facilitated recombination (Tfr) donors. As3 transduced various chromosomal markers at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-6). Tfr donors, which were constructed by introducing transposon Tn10 into both plasmid RP4 and the chromosome, mediated the polarized transfer of chromosomal genes from the sites of Tn10 insertion on the chromosome. By means of these gene transfer systems, a genetic map of the vibrio chromosome was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ichige
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Wilkins B. Organization and plasticity of enterobacterial genomes. J Appl Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb04557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The transfer genes and origin of transfer of the wide host range plasmid RP4 have been cloned into the transposons Tn1 and Tn5. The newly constructed transposons can be used to mutagenize bacterial plasmids or the chromosome in species such as Escherichia coli or Rhizobium. It is then possible to mobilize the plasmid or chromosome using the transfer functions provided in cis by the transposon. These constructs may aid chromosome mapping in many gram-negative species by allowing the wider use of the RP4 conjugal transfer system combined with the potential ability to select the site of insertion and thus the site of the origin of transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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ArunaKumari A, Vidaver A. Transfer and maintenance of IncP and IncW group plasmids into and between extra-slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicumstrains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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31
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Kokjohn TA, Miller RV. Characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa recA gene: the Les- phenotype. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:578-82. [PMID: 3123459 PMCID: PMC210693 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.2.578-582.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Les- phenotype (lysogeny establishment deficient) is a pleiotropic effect of the lesB908 mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. lesB908-containing strains are also (i) deficient in general recombination, (ii) sensitive to UV irradiation, and (iii) deficient in UV-stimulated induction of prophages. The P. aeruginosa recA-containing plasmid pKML3001 complemented each of these pleiotropic characteristics of the lesB908 mutation, supporting the hypothesis that lesB908 is an allele of the P. aeruginosa recA gene. The phenotypic effects of the lesB908 mutation may be best explained by the hypothesis that the lesB908 gene product is altered in such a way that it has lost synaptase activity but possesses intrinsic protease activity in the absence of DNA damage. The Les- phenotype is a result of the rapid destruction of newly synthesized phage repressor, resulting in lytic growth of the infecting virus. This hypothesis is consistent with the observations that increasing the number of copies of the phage repressor gene by increasing the multiplicity of infection (i.e., average number of phage genomes per cell) or by introducing the cloned phage repressor gene into a lesB908 mutant will also suppress the Les- phenotype in a phage-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kokjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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Genthner FJ, Chatterjee P, Barkay T, Bourquin AW. Capacity of aquatic bacteria to act as recipients of plasmid DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:115-7. [PMID: 3345074 PMCID: PMC202406 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.1.115-117.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 68 gram-negative freshwater bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to receive and express plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa donors. The plate mating technique identified 26 of the isolates as recipient active for the self-transmissible wide-host-range plasmid R68; 10 were recipient active by R68 mobilization for the wide-host-range plasmid cloning vector R1162. Frequencies of transfer were compared by using three conjugal transfer procedures: broth, plate, and filter mating. For every recipient tested, a solid environment was superior to a liquid environment for transfer. The broth mating technique failed to demonstrate R68 transfer in 63% of the recipient-active isolates. Filter mating, in general, yielded the highest transfer frequencies. The more-rapid plate mating procedure, however, was just as sensitive for testing the capacity of natural isolates to participate in conjugal plasmid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Genthner
- Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
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2 Identification and Analysis of Plasmids at the Genetic Level. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Mogen BD, Oleson AE. Homology of pCS1 Plasmid Sequences with Chromosomal DNA in
Clavibacter michiganense
subsp.
sepedonicum
: Evidence for the Presence of a Repeated Sequence and Plasmid Integration. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:2476-81. [PMID: 16347464 PMCID: PMC204132 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.10.2476-2481.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction fragments of pCS1, a 50.6-kilobase (kb) plasmid present in many strains of
Clavibacter michiganense
subsp.
sepedonicum
(“
Corynebacterium sepedonicum
”), have been cloned in an M13mp11 phage vector. Radiolabeled forms of these cloned fragments have been used as Southern hybridization probes for the presence of plasmid sequences in chromosomal DNA of this organism. These studies have shown that all tested strains lacking the covalently closed circular form of pCS1 contain the plasmid in integrated form. In each case the site of integration exists on a single plasmid restriction fragment with a size of 5.1 kb. Southern hybridizations with these probes have also revealed the existence of a major repeated sequence in
C. michiganense
subsp.
sepedonicum.
Hybridizations of chromosomal DNA with deletion subclones of a 2.9-kb plasmid fragment containing the repeated sequence indicate that the size of the repeated sequence is approximately 1.3 kb. One of the copies of the repeated sequence is on the plasmid fragment containing the site of integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Mogen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
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36
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Magnin JP, Willison JC, Vignais PM. Elimination of R plasmids from the photosynthetic bacteriumRhodobacter capsulatus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Jayaswal RK, Bressan RA, Charles DJ, Handa AK. Studies on Inc-P plasmids in Erwinia carotovorasubsp. carotovora. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Reimmann C, Haas D. IS21 insertion in the trfA replication control gene of chromosomally integrated plasmid RP1: a property of stable Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hfr strains. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1986; 203:511-9. [PMID: 3018434 DOI: 10.1007/bf00422078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Broad host range IncP-1 plasmids are able to integrate into the chromosome of gram-negative bacteria. Strains carrying an integrated plasmid can be obtained when the markers of a temperature-sensitive (ts) plasmid derivative are selected at non-permissive temperature; in this way Hfr (high frequency) donor strains can be formed. The integrated plasmids, however, tend to be unstable in the absence of continuous selective pressure. In order to obtain stable Hfr donor strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO, we constructed a derivative of an RP1 (ts) plasmid, pME134, which was defective in the resolvase gene (tnpR) of transposon Tn801. Chromosomal integration of pME134 was selected in a recombination-deficient (rec-102) PAO strain at 43 degrees C. Plasmid integration occurred at different sites resulting in a useful set of Hfr strains that transferred chromosomal markers unidirectionally. The tnpR and rec-102 mutations prevented plasmid excision from the chromosome. In several (but not all) Hfr strains that grew well and retained the integrated plasmid at temperatures below 43 degrees C, the insertion element IS21 of RP1 was found to be inserted into the trfA locus (specifying an essential trans-acting replication function) of the integrated plasmid. One such Hfr strain was rendered rec+; from its chromosome the pME134::IS21 plasmid (= pME14) was excised and transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli where pME14 could replicate autonomously only when a helper plasmid provided the trfA+ function in trans. Thus, it appears that trfA inactivation favours the stability of chromosomally integrated RP1 in P. aeruginosa.
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Stotzky G, Babich H. Survival of, and genetic transfer by, genetically engineered bacteria in natural environments. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1986; 31:93-138. [PMID: 3521212 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Schreiner HC, Bechhofer DH, Pohlman RF, Young C, Borden PA, Figurski DH. Replication control in promiscuous plasmid RK2: kil and kor functions affect expression of the essential replication gene trfA. J Bacteriol 1985; 163:228-37. [PMID: 3891728 PMCID: PMC219102 DOI: 10.1128/jb.163.1.228-237.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that broad-host-range plasmid RK2 encodes multiple host-lethal kil determinants (kilA, kilB1, kilB2, and kilC) which are controlled by RK2-specified kor functions (korA, korB, and korC). Here we show that kil and kor determinants have significant effects on RK2 replication control. First, korA and korB inhibit the replication of certain RK2 derivatives, unless plasmid replication is made independent of the essential RK2 gene trfA. Second, kilB1 exerts a strong effect on this interaction. If the target plasmid is defective in kilB1, sensitivity to korA and korB is enhanced at least 100-fold. Thus, korA and korB act negatively on RK2 replication, whereas kilB1 acts in a positive manner to counteract this effect. A mutant RK2 derivative, resistant to korA and korB, was found to have fused a new promoter to trfA, indicating that the targets for korA and korB are at the 5' end of the trfA gene. We constructed a trfA-lacZ fusion and found that synthesis of beta-galactosidase is inhibited by korA and korB. Thus korA, korB, and kilB1 influence RK2 replication by regulating trfA expression. We conclude that the network of kil and kor determinants is part of a replication control system for RK2.
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pULB113, an RP4::mini-Mu plasmid, mediates chromosomal mobilization and R-prime formation in Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and subspecies of Erwinia carotovora. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 50:1-9. [PMID: 2992373 PMCID: PMC238563 DOI: 10.1128/aem.50.1.1-9.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RP4::mini-Mu plasmid pULB113, transferred from Escherichia coli strain MXR, was stable and transfer proficient in Erwinia amylovora strain EA303, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica strain ECA12, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ECC193, and E. chrysanthemi strain EC183. The plasmid mobilized an array of Erwinia sp. chromosomal markers (E. amylovora: his+,ilv+,rbs+,ser+,thr+;E. chrysanthemi:arg+,his+,ilv+,leu+; E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica: arg+,gua+,leu+,lys+,pur+,trp+; E. carotovora subsp. carotovora: arg+,gua+,leu+,lys+,out+[export of enzymes],pur+,trp+), suggesting random interactions of the plasmid with the chromosomes. In E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, pULB113-mediated two-factor crosses revealed linkage between three auxotrophic markers and the out loci. The export of pectate lyase, polygalacturonase, and cellulase and the maceration of potato tuber tissue occurred with Out+, but not Out-, strains of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, indicating the importance of enzyme export in plant tissue maceration. Erwinia sp. donors harboring pULB113 complemented mutations in various biosynthetic and catabolic genes (arg, gal, his, leu, met, pro, pur, thy) in Escherichia coli recA strains. Escherichia coli transconjugants harbored pULB113 primes as indicated by the cotransfer of Erwinia genes and pULB113 markers and a change in plasmid mass. Moreover, the PstI and SmaI cleavage patterns of selected pULB113 primes were different from those of pULB113. pULB113 primes carried DNA insertions ranging from 3 to about 160 kilobases. These findings indicate that pULB113 is useful for in vivo gene cloning and genetic analysis of various enterobacterial phytopathogens.
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Vector insertion mutagenesis of Rhizobium sp. strain ORS571: direct cloning of mutagenized DNA sequences. J Bacteriol 1985; 162:317-23. [PMID: 2984177 PMCID: PMC218991 DOI: 10.1128/jb.162.1.317-323.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When the limited-host-range plasmid pVP2021 carrying Tn5 was mobilized into Rhizobium sp. strain ORS571 and stable acquisition of Tn5 was selected, ORS571 plasmid-genome cointegrates were exclusively obtained; direct Tn5 transposition was never observed. In every case, genomic cointegrates exhibited an additional (third) IS50 element that bordered VP2021 DNA sequences but maintained a single Tn5 element. Genomic cointegrates containing IS50 triplications were stable; neither phenotypic reversion nor resolution was detectable. Auxotrophic mutant strains (vector insertion mutants) were identified at expected frequencies among derivatives carrying ostensibly random genomic pVP2021 insertions; N2 fixation (Nif)-defective vector insertion mutants were observed among these derivatives at a frequency of 10(-3). The presence of integrated pVP2021 in ORS571 nif::VP2021 mutant genomes enabled VP2021 to constitute an endogenous cloning vector. After EcoRI or KpnI digestions, genomic nif::pVP2021 DNA sequences contiguous with integrated pVP2021 were directly cloned as new replicons without addition of an exogenous vector. Recombinant plasmids derived from two such nif::pVP2021 mutants hybridized to previously analyzed ORS571 Nif DNA sequences. Recombinant plasmid DNA and ORS571 Nif region DNA were found to be colinear; pVP2021 insertions could be accurately mapped. pVP2021 insertion-mutagenesis thus allows the direct cloning of ORS571 gene sequences for which mutant phenotypes can be selected or screened.
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Hedges RW, Medeiros AA, Cohenford M, Jacoby GA. Genetic and biochemical properties of AER-1, a novel carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from Aeromonas hydrophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985; 27:479-84. [PMID: 3890725 PMCID: PMC180078 DOI: 10.1128/aac.27.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase has been discovered in a blood isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila. The enzyme resembles plasmid-determined carbenicillinases in substrate profile but differs in isoelectric point (pI 5.9) and molecular weight (22,000) and has been termed AER-1. No evidence for a plasmid location could be obtained in A. hydrophila, but the AER-1 gene and resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfonamide could be transferred by mobilization with IncP plasmids to Escherichia coli, where the gene cluster inserted at a unique chromosomal site. The linked resistances are similar to those found on multiresistance beta-lactamase transposons, but since insertion of the A. hydrophila gene cluster was site specific and recA+ dependent, the cluster is not a functional transposon.
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Breton AM, Jaoua S, Guespin-Michel J. Transfer of plasmid RP4 to Myxococcus xanthus and evidence for its integration into the chromosome. J Bacteriol 1985; 161:523-8. [PMID: 3918015 PMCID: PMC214913 DOI: 10.1128/jb.161.2.523-528.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad-host-range plasmid RP4 and its derivative R68.45 were transferred to Myxococcus xanthus DK101 and DZ1; RP4 was maintained integrated in the chromosome. Loss of plasmid markers occurred during the growth of the transconjugants, which could be prevented by selective pressure with oxytetracycline. The integrated plasmid was transferred back to Escherichia coli often as RP4-prime plasmids carrying various segments of the M. xanthus chromosome. It also mediated chromosomal transfer between M. xanthus strains.
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45
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Abstract
The ntrA gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae has been cloned and the product identified as a 76-kDal acidic polypeptide. An ntrA::lacZ fusion was used to demonstrate that expression of ntrA is not controlled by the nitrogen regulation (ntr) system and is independent of the nitrogen status of the cell. Studies with multicopy plasmids carrying ntrA and rpoD suggest that the ntrA product competes with the rpoD product (sigma 70 of RNA polymerase) in mediating transcription initiation by RNA polymerase at ntrA-dependent promoters. No significant homology between ntrA and rpoD was detected by Southern blotting.
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Abstract
Genetic exchange mechanisms, to our knowledge, have not been reported for Legionella pneumophila, and consequently, studies on the genetic organization of L. pneumophila have not appeared in the literature. Here, we describe gene transfer mediated by broad host range conjugative plasmids in Legionella spp. Escherichia coli strains carrying plasmids RP1 and R68.45 (IncP1), S-a (IncW), and R40a (IncC), but not plasmids of incompatibility groups FI, FII, and FV, served as donors in matings with L. pneumophila Knoxville 1 (LPK-1). Transconjugants selected by resistance to kanamycin (RP1, R68.45, and S-a) and carbenicillin (R40a) were observed at frequencies of 6.6 X 10(-3), 4.7 X 10(-3), 2.2 X 10(-4), and 5.4 X 10(-5), respectively. Plasmid transfer was not affected by DNase added to the mating medium. After plasmid transfer, LPK-1 stably maintained RP1, R68.45, and S-a, but not R40a. Plasmid-containing LPK-1 isolates also served as donors in agar plate matings with E. coli W1485-1 and naladixic acid-resistant mutants of LPK-1, Legionella micdadei, and Legionella longbeachii. Recombinational exchange of a chromosomal trait was demonstrated when a thymidine auxotroph of L. pneumophila was repaired by R68.45-mediated chromosomal mobilization of a prototrophic donor strain.
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Fulton GL, Nunn DN, Lidstrom ME. Molecular cloning of a malyl coenzyme A lyase gene from Pseudomonas sp. strain AM1, a facultative methylotroph. J Bacteriol 1984; 160:718-23. [PMID: 6094488 PMCID: PMC214796 DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.2.718-723.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A genomic library containing HindIII partial digests of Pseudomonas sp. strain AM1 DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pVK100. PCT57, a Pseudomonas sp. strain AM1 methanol mutant deficient in malyl coenzyme A lyase activity, was complemented to a methanol-positive phenotype by mobilization of the pVK100 library into PCT57 recipients with the ColE1/RK2 mobilizing plasmid pRK2013. Six different complemented isolates all contained a recombinant plasmid carrying the same 19.6-kilobase-pair Pseudomonas sp. strain AM1 DNA insert. Subcloning and complementation analysis demonstrated that the gene deficient in PCT57 (mcl-1) was located in a 1.6-kilobase-pair region within a 7.4-kilobase-pair EcoRI-HindIII fragment.
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Yakobson EA, Guiney DG. Conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes mediated by the RK2 plasmid transfer origin cloned into transposon Tn5. J Bacteriol 1984; 160:451-3. [PMID: 6090433 PMCID: PMC214743 DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.1.451-453.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel system for the conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes which utilizes the transfer origin (oriT) of plasmid RK2 cloned into transposon Tn5. Tn5 with oriT was inserted by transposition into the chromosomes of Escherichia coli and Rhizobium meliloti. The oriT sequence then served as the origin of high-frequency chromosome transfer when a helper RK2 plasmid was present in the same cell. The broad host range features of RK2 make this system of oriented chromosome mobilization applicable to most gram-negative bacteria.
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50
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Simon R. High frequency mobilization of gram-negative bacterial replicons by the in vitro constructed Tn5-Mob transposon. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1984; 196:413-20. [PMID: 6094969 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A DNA fragment of the broad host range plasmid RP4 carrying the cis-acting DNA recognition site for conjugative DNA transfer between bacterial cells (Mobsite) was cloned into the kanamycin-neomycin resistance transposon Tn5. Using conventional transposon mutagenesis techniques the new transposon, called Tn5-Mob, can easily be inserted into the host DNA of gram-negative bacteria. A host replicon carrying Tn5-Mob is then mobilizable into any other gram-negative species if the transfer functions of plasmid RP4 are provided in trans. The potential of Tn5-Mob was demonstrated by mobilizing Rhizobium meliloti plasmids as well as the E. coli chromosome at high frequencies.
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