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Wang Z, Xu J, Du W. Antagonistic interaction between caffeine and ketamine in zebrafish: Implications for aquatic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100437. [PMID: 38993654 PMCID: PMC11237865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The coexistence of caffeine (CF) and ketamine (KET) in surface waters across Asia has been widely reported. Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action. However, the combined toxicity of these two chemicals on aquatic organisms remains unclear at environmental levels, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that KET antagonizes the adverse effects of CF on zebrafish larvae by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapse pathway. Specifically, KET (10-250 ng L-1) ameliorates the locomotor hyperactivity and impaired circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae induced by 2 mg L-1 of CF, showing a dose-dependent relationship. Additionally, the developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae exposed to CF are mitigated by KET, with an incidence rate reduced from 26.7% to 6.7%. The competition between CF and KET for binding sites on the GABA-A receptor (in situ and in silico) elucidates the antagonistic interactions between the two chemicals. Following a seven-day recovery period, the adverse outcomes of CF exposure persist in the fish, whereas the changes observed in the CF + KET groups are significantly alleviated, especially with KET at 10 ng L-1. Based on these results, it is imperative to further assess the environmental risks associated with CF and KET co-pollution. This pilot study underscores the utility of systems toxicology approaches in estimating the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals on aquatic organisms. Moreover, the nighttime behavioral functions of fish could serve as a sensitive biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of psychoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jindong Xu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
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2
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Hakami AY, Alghamdi BS, Alshehri FS. Exploring the potential use of melatonin as a modulator of tramadol-induced rewarding effects in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373746. [PMID: 38738177 PMCID: PMC11082292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms in mammals. Tramadol, a synthetic opioid analgesic, is used to manage moderate to severe pain but has a high potential for abuse and dependence. Studies have shown that melatonin could be a potential modulator to reduce tramadol addiction. Methods Male Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of melatonin on tramadol-induced place preference. The rats were divided into four groups: control, tramadol, tramadol + melatonin (single dose), and tramadol + melatonin (repeated doses). Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at 40 mg/kg, while melatonin was administered at 50 mg/kg for both the single dose and repeated-dose groups. The study consisted of two phases: habituation and acquisition. Results Tramadol administration produced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats, indicating rewarding effects. However, melatonin administration blocked tramadol-induced CPP. Surprisingly, repeated doses of melatonin were ineffective and did not reduce the expression of CPP compared to that of the single dose administration. Conclusion The study suggests that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic option for treating tramadol addiction. The results indicate that melatonin attenuates the expression of tramadol-induced CPP, supporting its uses as an adjunct therapy for managing tramadol addiction. However, further studies are needed to investigate its effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alqassem Y. Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Amiya N, Matsuda E, Miyazaki Y, Nakano N, Kataoka M, Yamaji T, Amano M, Yoshinaga T. Circadian Rhythm and Endocrinological Control on the Swimming and Sand Burrowing Behaviors of Japanese Sand Lances Ammodytes spp. (Uranoscopiformes, Ammodytidae). Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:423-430. [PMID: 38064368 DOI: 10.2108/zs230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In diurnal and nocturnal organisms, daily activity is regulated by the perception of environmental stimuli and circadian rhythms, which enable organisms to maintain their essential behaviors. The Japanese sand lances genus Ammodytes are coastal marine fish that exhibit unique nocturnal sand burrowing behavior. To elucidate the extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of this behavior and its endocrinological basis, we conducted a series of rearing experiments under various light conditions and hormone administrations. Under a light-dark photoperiod, the fish showed three types of behavior: sand buried, head-exposed from sand, and swimming/feeding. During the transition from dark to light periods, the fish first showed head exposure, followed by swimming and foraging, and buried themselves in the sand immediately after shifting to the dark period. Under constant light conditions, fish exhibited swimming behavior during the period corresponding to the acclimated light period. In addition, swimming did not occur under constant dark conditions but head exposure was observed at the time of the dark-light transition during acclimation. These observations indicate that the essential behavior of sand lances is regulated by both light and circadian rhythms. Subsequently, a melatonin-containing diet promoted the onset of burrowing in 10 to 120 min in a dose-dependent manner at 0.3-128 µg/g-diet, suggesting the direct behavioral regulation by this hormone. These findings suggest that the behavior of sand lances is strictly regulated by an intrinsic mechanism and that melatonin is a regulatory endocrine factor that induces burrowing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Amiya
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan,
| | - Eri Matsuda
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Miyazaki
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nayu Nakano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masaki Kataoka
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Taichi Yamaji
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masafumi Amano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Kong X, Meerlo P, Hut RA. Melatonin Does Not Affect the Stress-Induced Phase Shifts of Peripheral Clocks in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad183. [PMID: 38128120 PMCID: PMC11083644 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Repeated or chronic stress can change the phase of peripheral circadian rhythms. Melatonin (Mel) is thought to be a circadian clock-controlled signal that might play a role in synchronizing peripheral rhythms, in addition to its direct suppressing effects on the stress axis. In this study we test whether Mel can reduce the social-defeat stress-induced phase shifts in peripheral rhythms, either by modulating circadian phase or by modulating the stress axis. Two experiments were performed with male Mel-deficient C57BL/6J mice carrying the circadian reporter gene construct (PER2::LUC). In the first experiment, mice received night-restricted (ZT11-21) Mel in their drinking water, resulting in physiological levels of plasma Mel peaking in the early dark phase. This treatment facilitated re-entrainment of the activity rhythm to a shifted light-dark cycle, but did not prevent the stress-induced (ZT21-22) reduction of activity during stress days. Also, this treatment did not attenuate the phase-delaying effects of stress in peripheral clocks in the pituitary, lung, and kidney. In a second experiment, pituitary, lung, and kidney collected from naive mice (ZT22-23), were treated with Mel, dexamethasone (Dex), or a combination of the two. Dex application affected PER2 rhythms in the pituitary, kidney, and lung by changing period, phase, or both. Administering Mel did not influence PER2 rhythms nor did it alleviate Dex-induced delays in PER2 rhythms in those tissues. We conclude that exogenous Mel is insufficient to affect peripheral PER2 rhythms and reduce stress effects on locomotor activity and phase changes in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpan Kong
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, the Netherlands
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Cardinali DP, Garay A. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic/Cytoprotective Agent in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050797. [PMID: 37239269 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dream-enactment behavior that emerges during episodes of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without muscle atonia is a parasomnia known as REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). RBD constitutes a prodromal marker of α-synucleinopathies and serves as one of the best biomarkers available to predict diseases such as Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Most patients showing RBD will convert to an α-synucleinopathy about 10 years after diagnosis. The diagnostic advantage of RBD relies on the prolonged prodromal time, its predictive power and the absence of disease-related treatments that could act as confounders. Therefore, patients with RBD are candidates for neuroprotection trials that delay or prevent conversion to a pathology with abnormal α-synuclein metabolism. The administration of melatonin in doses exhibiting a chronobiotic/hypnotic effect (less than 10 mg daily) is commonly used as a first line treatment (together with clonazepam) of RBD. At a higher dose, melatonin may also be an effective cytoprotector to halt α-synucleinopathy progression. However, allometric conversion doses derived from animal studies (in the 100 mg/day range) are rarely employed clinically regardless of the demonstrated absence of toxicity of melatonin in phase 1 pharmacological studies with doses up to 100 mg in normal volunteers. This review discusses the application of melatonin in RBD: (a) as a symptomatic treatment in RBD; (b) as a possible disease-modifying treatment in α-synucleinopathies. To what degree melatonin has therapeutic efficacy in the prevention of α-synucleinopathies awaits further investigation, in particular multicenter double-blind trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- CENECON, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1431FWO, Argentina
| | - Arturo Garay
- Unidad de Medicina del Sueño-Sección Neurología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires C1431FWO, Argentina
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Ramírez-Salado I, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Rivera-García AP. EEG coherence and power spectra during REM sleep related to melatonin intake in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:441-449. [PMID: 33970752 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1928115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that melatonin diminishes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological studies suggest that melatonin promotes prompt sleep installation through interaction with GABA receptors, and that it is associated with acute suppression of neural electrical activity. Nevertheless, melatonin's effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity related to REM sleep onset in AD patients have not been analyzed. Thus, in this pilot study we analyzed the effects of melatonin on EEG activity during the first episode of REM sleep in eight patients treated with 5-mg of fast-release melatonin. During a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, polysomnographic recordings were obtained from frontal, central, temporal, and occipital scalp derivations. REM sleep latency, as well as the relative power (RP) and EEG coherences of six EEG bands, were compared between the placebo and melatonin conditions. Results showed that melatonin intake in AD patients decreased REM sleep onset, and that this was associated with lower RP and coherence of the β and γ EEG bands. The possibility that the inhibitory GABAergic pathways related to REM sleep generation are well-preserved in mild-to-moderate AD is discussed. We conclude that the short REM sleep onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients is associated with a significant decrease in both RP and EEG coherence, mainly in the fast frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Paula Rivera-García
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
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Maghbooli M, Alyan NajafAbadi S, MalekMahmoudi G, Molseghi MH. Effect of add-on melatonin on seizure outcomes and quality of sleep in epilepsy with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone in adult patients: Cross-sectional, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2860. [PMID: 36588283 PMCID: PMC9927842 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of epilepsy is a major challenge in the field of neurology. Studies have suggested that melatonin can work in epilepsy with a good safety profile. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of melatonin in seizure outcomes, as well as the quality of sleep in patients with generalized epilepsy. METHODS In this cross-over clinical trial study, 60 patients with epilepsy with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (EGTCS) and under valproic acid treatment received either melatonin or placebo with a washout period of 2 weeks intermittently. Outcome variables included a reduction in the severity and frequency of epilepsy besides improvement in electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and sleep quality. RESULTS By adding melatonin, a decrease in the mean severity score of epilepsy (according to the Chalfont questionnaire) was 32.33 ± 9.24, while it was 5.58 ± 14.28 in treatment with placebo (p = .002). Evaluation of the number of attacks and EEG results did not disclose any therapeutic efficacy in treatment with melatonin versus placebo. The quality of sleep improved in 40% (first round) and 53.4% (second round) of subjects who received melatonin (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Considering that the addition of melatonin to routine anti-seizure treatment was effective in reducing the severity of epilepsy and improving sleep quality, it seems that melatonin can be useful as an adjunct therapy for EGTCS in well-defined circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Maghbooli
- Department of Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Alyan NajafAbadi
- Department of Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghazal MalekMahmoudi
- Department of Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Molseghi
- Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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8
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Carmassi C, Bruno S, Bazzani A, Carli M, Scarselli M, Faraguna U. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic with Sleep-promoting Properties. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:951-987. [PMID: 35176989 PMCID: PMC10227911 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220217152617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of exogenous melatonin (exo-MEL) as a sleep-promoting drug has been under extensive debate due to the lack of consistency of its described effects. In this study, we conduct a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature on the chronobiotic, sleep-inducing, and overall sleep-promoting properties of exo-MEL. To this aim, we first describe the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the sleep-promoting properties and then report the corresponding effects of exo-MEL administration on clinical outcomes in: a) healthy subjects, b) circadian rhythm sleep disorders, c) primary insomnia. Timing of administration and doses of exo-MEL received particular attention in this work. The exo-MEL pharmacological effects are hereby interpreted in view of changes in the physiological properties and rhythmicity of endogenous melatonin. Finally, we discuss some translational implications for the personalized use of exo-MEL in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa – Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Preparation of melatonin novel-mucoadhesive nanoemulsion used in the treatment of depression. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction and Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiomyocyte Cell Development Parameters Using Machine Learning Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141818. [PMID: 35883365 PMCID: PMC9311781 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of maternal feed restriction and melatonin supplementation on fetal cardiomyocyte cell development parameters and predict binucleation and hypertrophy using machine learning techniques using pregnant beef heifers. Brangus heifers (n = 29) were assigned to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design at day 160 of gestation: (1) 100% of nutrient requirements (adequately fed; ADQ) with no dietary melatonin (CON); (2) 100% of nutrient requirements (ADQ) with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin (MEL); (3) 60% of nutrient requirements (nutrient-restricted; RES) with no dietary melatonin (CON); (4) 60% of nutrient requirements (RES) with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin (MEL). On day 240 of gestation, fetuses were removed, and fetal heart weight and thickness were determined. The large blood vessel perimeter was increased in fetuses from RES compared with ADQ (p = 0.05). The total number of capillaries per tissue area exhibited a nutrition by treatment interaction (p = 0.01) where RES-MEL increased capillary number compared (p = 0.03) with ADQ-MEL. The binucleated cell number per tissue area showed a nutrition by treatment interaction (p = 0.010), where it was decreased in RES-CON vs. ADQ-CON fetuses. Hypertrophy was estimated by dividing ventricle thickness by heart weight. Based on machine learning results, for the binucleation and hypertrophy target variables, the Bagging model with 5 Decision Tree estimators and 3 Decision Tree estimators produced the best results without overfitting. In the prediction of binucleation, left heart ventricular thickness feature had the highest Gin importance weight followed by fetal body weight. In the case of hypertrophy, heart weight was the most important feature. This study provides evidence that restricted maternal nutrition leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes while melatonin treatment can mitigate some of these disturbances.
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Borsani E, Bonomini F, Bonini SA, Premoli M, Maccarinelli G, Giugno L, Mastinu A, Aria F, Memo M, Rezzani R. Role of melatonin in autism spectrum disorders in a male murine transgenic model: Study in the prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:780-797. [PMID: 35043490 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders sharing common features related to impaired social and communication abilities in addition to stereotyped behaviors. ASD patients present encephalic morphological, physiological, and biomolecular alterations with low levels of melatonin due to alterations in its pathways. Therefore, even if ASDs have traditionally been framed as behavioral disorders, several lines of evidence are accumulating that ASDs are characterized by certain anatomical and physiological abnormalities, including oxidative stress and inflammation in peripheral biomarkers, but likewise present in human brain tissue also characterized by alterations in synaptic remodeling and neuromodulation. Melatonin has also protective and antioxidant properties, so we can therefore hypothesize that alterations in melatonin's pathways may be one of the causes of the symptomatology of autism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the beneficial effect induced by melatonin administration and its possible mechanism of action in a transgenic mouse model of autism, immediately after weaning. The male mice were daily treated per os with melatonin (10 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks starting from the sixth week of life. The antioxidant modulation, the GABAergic/glutamatergic impairment, and the synaptic remodeling in the prefrontal cortex have been evaluated. Social and repetitive behaviors were also evaluated. The behavioral results showed no statistical evidences, instead the immunohistochemical results indicated the ability of melatonin to promote the activity of antioxidant system, the GABAergic/glutamatergic equilibrium, and the synaptic remodeling. The results show that melatonin may be a possible adjuvant therapeutic strategy in ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Borsani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Anna Bonini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Premoli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maccarinelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Aria
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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12
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Cardinali DP, Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR. Melatonin's Benefits and Risks as a Therapy for Sleep Disturbances in the Elderly: Current Insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1843-1855. [PMID: 36267165 PMCID: PMC9578490 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s380465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by circadian changes, including disruptive alterations in the sleep/wake cycle, as well as the beginning of low-degree inflammation ("inflammaging"), a scenario that leads to several chronic illnesses, including cancer, and metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological dysfunctions. As a result, any effective approach to healthy aging must consider both the correction of circadian disturbance and the control of low-grade inflammation. One of the most important prerequisites for healthy aging is the preservation of robust circadian rhythmicity (particularly of the sleep/wake cycle). Sleep disturbance disrupts various activities in the central nervous system, including waste molecule elimination. Melatonin is a chemical with extraordinary phylogenetic conservation found in all known aerobic creatures whose alteration plays an important role in sleep changes with aging. Every day, the late afternoon/nocturnal surge in pineal melatonin helps to synchronize both the central circadian pacemaker found in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and a plethora of peripheral cellular circadian clocks. Melatonin is an example of an endogenous chronobiotic substance that can influence the timing and amplitude of circadian rhythms. Moreover, melatonin is also an excellent anti-inflammatory agent, buffering free radicals, down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines, and reducing insulin resistance, among other things. We present both scientific and clinical evidence that melatonin is a safe drug for treating sleep disturbances in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Molecular Brain Science Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Millan MJ. Agomelatine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: focus on its distinctive mechanism of action. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2022; 12:20451253221105128. [PMID: 35795687 PMCID: PMC9251978 DOI: 10.1177/20451253221105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the most frequently diagnosed form of anxiety, is usually treated by cognitive-behavioural approaches or medication; in particular, benzodiazepines (acutely) and serotonin or serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (long term). Efficacy, compliance, and acceptability are, however, far from ideal, reinforcing interest in alternative options. Agomelatine, clinically employed in the treatment of major depression, expresses anxiolytic properties in rodents and was effective in the treatment of GAD (including severely ill patients) in several double-blind, short-term (12 weeks) and relapse-prevention (6 months) studies. At active doses, the incidence of adverse effects was no higher than for placebo. Agomelatine possesses a unique binding profile, behaving as a melatonin (MT1/MT2) receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, yet recognizing neither monoamine transporters nor GABAA receptors. Extensive evidence supports a role for 5-HT2C receptors in the induction of anxious states, and their blockade likely plays a primary role in mediating the anxiolytic actions of agomelatine, including populations in the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis, as well as the hippocampus. Recruitment of MT receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and hippocampus appears to fulfil a complimentary role. Downstream of 5-HT2C and MT receptors, modulation of stress-sensitive glutamatergic circuits and altered release of the anxiogenic neuropeptides, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and vasopressin, may be implicated in the actions of agomelatine. To summarize, agomelatine exerts its anxiolytic actions by mechanisms clearly distinct from those of other agents currently employed for the management of GAD. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY How agomelatine helps in the treatment of anxiety disorders. INTRODUCTION • Anxiety disorders have a significant negative impact on quality of life.• The most common type of anxiety disorder, called generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), is associated with nervousness and excessive worry.• These symptoms can lead to additional symptoms like tiredness, sleeplessness, irritability, and poor attention.• GAD is generally treated through either cognitive-behavioural therapy or medication. However, widely used drugs like benzodiazepines and serotonin reuptake inhibitors have adverse effects.• Agomelatine, a well-established antidepressant drug, has shown anxiety-lowering ('anxiolytic') properties in rats and has been shown to effectively treat GAD with minimal side effects.• However, exactly how it acts on the brain to manage GAD is not yet clear.• Thus, this review aims to shed light on agomelatine's mechanism of action in treating GAD. METHODS • The authors reviewed studies on how agomelatine treats anxiety in animals.• They also looked at clinical studies on the effects of agomelatine in people with GAD. RESULTS • The study showed that agomelatine 'blocks' a receptor in nerve cells, which plays a role in causing anxiety, called the 5-HT2C receptor.• Blocking this receptor, especially in specific brain regions such as nerve cells of the amygdala, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and hippocampus, produced the anxiety reduction seen during agomelatine treatment.• Agomelatine also activates the melatonin (MT) receptor, which is known to keep anxiety in check, promote sleep, and maintain the sleep cycle.• Agomelatine should thus tackle sleep disturbances commonly seen in patients with GAD.• Beyond 5-HT2C and MT receptors, signalling molecules in nerve cells that are known to be involved in anxiety disorders (called 'neurotransmitters' and 'neuropeptides') are also affected by agomelatine. CONCLUSION • Agomelatine's anxiolytic effects are caused by mechanisms that are distinct from those of other medications currently used to treat GAD.• This explains its therapeutic success and minimal adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, 28 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
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Haddad HW, Mallepalli NR, Scheinuk JE, Bhargava P, Cornett EM, Urits I, Kaye AD. The Role of Nutrient Supplementation in the Management of Chronic Pain in Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2021; 10:827-848. [PMID: 33909266 PMCID: PMC8586285 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multifaceted clinical presentation of fibromyalgia (FM) supports the modern understanding of the disorder as a more global condition than one simply affecting pain sensation. The main pharmacologic therapies used clinically include anti-epileptics and anti-depressants. Conservative treatment options include exercise, myofascial release, psychotherapy, and nutrient supplementation. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Nutrient supplementation is a broadly investigated treatment modality as numerous deficiencies have been linked to FM. Additionally, a proposed link between gut microbiome patterns and chronic pain syndromes has led to studies investigating probiotics as a possible treatment. Despite positive results, much of the current evidence regarding this topic is of poor quality, with variable study designs, limited sample sizes, and lack of control groups. CONCLUSIONS The etiology of FM is complex, and has shown to be multi-factorial with genetics and environmental exposures lending influence into its development. Preliminary results are promising, however, much of the existing evidence regarding diet supplementation is of poor quality. Further, more robust studies are needed to fully elucidate the potential of this alternative therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Reddy Mallepalli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
| | - John Emerson Scheinuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
| | - Pranav Bhargava
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
- Southcoast Health, Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
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Pérez-Lloret S, Cardinali DP. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650597. [PMID: 33935759 PMCID: PMC8082390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2–5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3–12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40–100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pérez-Lloret
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana-Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de La Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UAI-CAECIHS. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lamtai M, Azirar S, Zghari O, Ouakki S, El Hessni A, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A. Melatonin Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Affective and Cognitive Impairments and Hippocampal Oxidative Stress in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1445-1455. [PMID: 32613486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to evaluate the effect of melatonin (Mel) on affective and cognitive disorders induced by chronic exposure to Cadmium (Cd). Male and female Wistar rats received either an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution NaCl (0.9%), Mel (4 mg/kg), Cd (1 mg/kg), or Cd (1 mg/kg) + Mel (4 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Behavioral disorders were evaluated by different tests mainly the open field and elevated plus maze tests for anxiety-like behavior, forced swimming test (FST) for depression-like behavior, and the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests for cognitive disorders. Thereafter, oxidative stress indices and histology of the hippocampus were evaluated. The results confirm that Cd administration has anxiogenic-like effects in both anxiety tests and depressive-like effects in the FST and leads to memory and learning disabilities in the Y-maze and MWM. We also report that Mel counteracts these neurobehavioral disorders. Biochemical assays showed that rats intoxicated with Cd significantly increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), while the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus. In contrast, Mel administration attenuates the Cd-induced changes. The histopathological studies in the hippocampus of rats also supported that Mel markedly reduced the Cd-induced neuronal loss in CA3 sub-region. Overall, our results suggest that Mel could be used to protect against Cd-induced neurobehavioral changes via its antioxidant properties in the hippocampus. The effects of Cd and Mel are sex-dependent, knowing that Cd is more harmful in males, while Mel is more protective in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco.
| | - Sofia Azirar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, 133, 14000, Kenitra, BP, Morocco
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Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep quality and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:717-725. [PMID: 33784263 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Because of the bothersome symptoms during women's menopausal period and the severe side effects of hormone therapy, it is meaningful to find new breakthroughs in improving menopausal women's quality of life. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating melatonin intake on the improvement of sleep quality, general menopausal symptom, mood states, as well as interaction of estradiol levels and body mass index (BMI) in menopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW We used the search terms "melatonin" together with "menopause" or "post-menopause" or "peri-menopause" in multiple databases online including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical trial, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the first publication year to October 2020. Interesting data included characteristics of the study design, study participants, intervention, and outcome measures. Risk of biases in RCTs was evaluated with the Cochrane tool. Fixed-effect models and random-effect models were used for meta-analysis according to heterogeneity. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in our study. FINDINGS Eight cohorts (n = 812) evaluating the effects of melatonin in menopausal women were included. Melatonin was used in every study with differences existing in dose (1 mg - 5 mg) and duration (3 to 12 mo). Improved physical symptoms (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.376; 95% CI, -0.599 to -0.153, P = 0.001) merged in four RCTs. Melatonin treatment resulted in no benefits to sleep quality (SMD -0.659; 95% CI, -1.535 to 0.217, P = 0.141) and general menopause symptoms (SMD -0.625; 95% CI, -1.354 to 0.105, P = 0.093) in four and three RCTs, respectively. More specifically, melatonin did not solve the psychological (SMD -0.026; 95% CI, -0.372 to 0.321, P = 0.884, I2 = 70.3%), sexual (SMD -0.661; 95% CI, -1.416 to 0.093, P = 0.086) and vasomotor (SMD -0.256; 95% CI, -0.701 to 0.188, P = 0.258) issues. No significant changes were observed in anxiety (SMD 0.018; 95% CI, -0.519 to 0.556, P = 0.946), depression (SMD 0.133; 95% CI, -0.435 to 0.702, P = 0.646), BMI (weighted mean difference 0.029 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.183 to 0.240, P = 0.790) or estradiol levels (weighted mean difference 0.016 pg/mL; 95% CI, -1.220 to 1.252, P = 0.980). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin seems to improve physical symptoms in menopausal women, but the general menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, mood state, estradiol levels, and BMI did not improve under melatonin intervention. However, multiple large-scale clinical randomized trials are needed to validate our conclusions.
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Lamtai M, Zghari O, Azirar S, Ouakki S, Mesfioui A, El Hessni A, Berkiks I, Marmouzi I, Ouichou A. Melatonin modulates copper-induced anxiety-like, depression-like and memory impairments by acting on hippocampal oxidative stress in rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1707-1715. [PMID: 33412940 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1858853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal with the ability to induce, at high levels, neurobehavioral alterations, and oxidative stress (OS). On the other hand, melatonin (Mel) is a neurohormone that protects neurons from OS and has a modulatory effect on several behavioral processes. The present experiment was aimed to examine the effect of Mel treatment on Cu-induced anxiety-like, depression-like behaviors, memory impairment, and OS in hippocampus. Herein, adult Wistar rats of both genders received daily Mel (4 mg/kg) thirty minutes before CuCl2 (1 mg/kg), by intraperitoneal injections for 8 weeks. After the administration period, all rats were submitted to the behavioral tests. Thereafter, OS parameters and histology of the hippocampus were evaluated. The results demonstrate that Mel treatment attenuated Cu-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, and it improved memory deficits Cu-treated rats. Furthermore, Mel attenuated Cu-provoked OS by reducing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the hippocampus. The histopathological analysis also supported these results. In conclusion, these findings show that Mel treatment exerted neuroprotective effects against Cu-induced neurobehavioral changes which may be related to reduction of hippocampal OS. Besides, the effects of Cu and Mel were gender dependent, being more marked in females compared to male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouloud Lamtai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Oussama Zghari
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sofia Azirar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Sihame Ouakki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Inssaf Berkiks
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ali Ouichou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Song B, Zhu J. A Novel Application of Ketamine for Improving Perioperative Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2251-2266. [PMID: 34992482 PMCID: PMC8715868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s341161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative sleep disturbances are commonly observed before, during, and after surgery and can be caused by several factors, such as preoperative negative moods, general anesthetics, surgery trauma, and pain. Over the past decade, the fast-acting antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine represent one of the most attractive discoveries in the field of psychiatry, such as antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. It is also widely used as a short-acting anesthetic and analgesic. Recent research has revealed new possible applications for ketamine, such as for perioperative sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders. Here, we summarize the risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbances, outcomes of perioperative sleep disturbances, and mechanism of action of ketamine in improving perioperative sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Kupprat F, Hölker F, Kloas W. Can skyglow reduce nocturnal melatonin concentrations in Eurasian perch? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114324. [PMID: 32179225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) changes the natural rhythm of light and darkness and can impair the biorhythms of animals, for example the nocturnal melatonin production of vertebrates, which serves as a proxy for daily physiological rhythms. Freshwater fish are exposed to ALAN in large urban and suburban areas in the form of direct light or in the form of skyglow, a diffuse brightening of the night sky through the scattered light reflected by clouds, atmospheric molecules, and particles in the air. However, investigations on the sensitivity of melatonin production of fish towards low intensities of ALAN in the range of typical skyglow are rare. Therefore, we exposed Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) to nocturnal illumination levels of 0.01 lx, 0.1 lx and 1 lx and a control group with dark nights and daylight intensities of 2900 lx in all groups. After ten days of exposure to the experimental conditions, tank water was non-invasively sampled every 3 h over a 24 h period and melatonin was measured by ELISA. Melatonin was gradually reduced in all treatments with increasing intensity of ALAN whereas rhythmicity was maintained in all treatment groups although at 1 lx not all evaluated parameters confirmed rhythmicity. These results show a high sensitivity of Eurasian perch towards ALAN indicating that low light intensities of 0.01 lx and 0.1 lx as they occur in urban and suburban areas in the form of skyglow can affect the physiology of Eurasian perch. Furthermore, we highlight how this may impact perch in their sensitivity towards lunar rhythms and the role of skyglow for biorhythms of temperate freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kupprat
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
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Mecklenburg J, Sanchez Del Rio M, Reuter U. Cluster headache therapies: pharmacology and mode of action. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:641-654. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1774361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Mecklenburg
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Ramírez-Salado I, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Del Río JM. Melatonin effects on EEG activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer´s disease: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:580-590. [PMID: 32228330 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1750392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence to suggest that melatonin diminishes non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) latency in patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD). However, melatonin's effects on cortical activity during NREMS in AD have not been studied. The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of melatonin on cortical activity during the stages of NREMS in 8 mild-to-moderate AD patients that received 5-mg of fast-release melatonin. METHODS During a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, polysomnographic recordings were obtained from C3-A1, C4-A2, F7-T3, F8-T4, F3-F4 and O1-O2. Also, the relative power (RP) and EEG coherences of the delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 and gamma bands were calculated during NREMS-1, NREMS-2 and NREMS-3. These sleep latencies and all EEG data were then compared between the placebo and melatonin conditions. RESULTS During NREMS-2, a significant RP increase was observed in the theta band of the left-central hemisphere. During NREMS-3, significant RP decreases in the beta bands were recorded in the right-central hemisphere, compared to the placebo group. After melatonin administration, significant decreases of EEG coherences in the beta2, beta1 and gamma bands were observed in the right hemisphere during NREMS-3. DISCUSSION We conclude that short NREMS onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients is associated with a significant RP increase in the theta band and a decrease in RP and EEG coherences in the beta and gamma bands during NREMS-3. These results suggest that the GABAergic pathways are preserved in mild-to-moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz," Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz," Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jahaziel Molina Del Río
- Centro Universitario de los Valles, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Neuropsicología, División de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Jalisco, México
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Laflı Tunay D, Türkeün Ilgınel M, Ünlügenç H, Tunay M, Karacaer F, Biricik E. Comparison of the effects of preoperative melatonin or vitamin C administration on postoperative analgesia. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:117-124. [PMID: 31465720 PMCID: PMC7029201 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The analgesic benefit of melatonin and vitamin C as primary or adjuvant agents has been reported in various studies; however, their analgesic effects in the treatment of postoperative pain remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of single preoperative dose of oral melatonin or vitamin C administration on postoperative analgesia. In this study, we recruited 165 adult patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into three equal (n = 55) groups. One hour before surgery, patients received orally melatonin (6 mg) in group M, vitamin C (2 g) in group C, or a placebo tablet in group P. Pain, sedation, patient satisfaction, total morphine consumption from a patient-controlled analgesia device, supplemental analgesic requirement, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded throughout 24 h after surgery. The mean pain score and total morphine consumption were found significantly lower in both M and C groups compared with group P (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between group M and C with respect to pain scores (p = 0.117) and total morphine consumption (p = 0.090). Patients requested less supplemental analgesic and experienced less nausea and vomiting in groups M and C compared with group P. In conclusion, preoperative oral administration of 6 mg melatonin or 2 g vitamin C led to a reduction in pain scores, total morphine consumption, supplemental analgesic requirement, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Laflı Tunay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Murat Türkeün Ilgınel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Ünlügenç
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Merthan Tunay
- Ministry of Health, Provincial Health Directorate, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Feride Karacaer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ebru Biricik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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Cardinali DP. An Assessment of Melatonin's Therapeutic Value in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy of the Newborn. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 31920617 PMCID: PMC6914689 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most frequent causes of brain injury in the newborn. From a pathophysiological standpoint, a complex process takes place at the cellular and tissue level during the development of newborn brain damage in the absence of oxygen. Initially, the lesion is triggered by a deficit in the supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, causing a primary energy insufficiency. Subsequently, high energy phosphate levels recover transiently (the latent phase) that is followed by a secondary phase, in which many of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of neonatal brain damage ensue (i.e., excitotoxicity, massive influx of Ca2+, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation). This leads to cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Eventually, a tertiary phase occurs, characterized by the persistence of brain damage for months and even years after the HI insult. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic strategy against HIE that has been incorporated into neonatal intensive care units with limited success. Thus, there is an urgent need for agents with the capacity to curtail acute and chronic damage in HIE. Melatonin, a molecule of unusual phylogenetic conservation present in all known aerobic organisms, has a potential role as a neuroprotective agent both acutely and chronically in HIE. Melatonin displays a remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and is capable to cross the blood-brain barrier readily. Moreover, in many animal models of brain degeneration, melatonin was effective to impair chronic mechanisms of neuronal death. In animal models, and in a limited number of clinical studies, melatonin increased the level of protection developed by hypothermia in newborn asphyxia. This review article summarizes briefly the available therapeutic strategies in HIE and assesses the role of melatonin as a potentially relevant therapeutic tool to cover the hypoxia-ischemia phase and the secondary and tertiary phases following a hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis: From Plausible Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action to Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Clin Drug Investig 2019; 39:607-624. [PMID: 31054087 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), thought to affect more than 2.5 million people worldwide. Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle might influence disease activity and the frequency of relapses in patients. As melatonin (or sleep hormone) involves the regulation of circadian rhythms, much attention has been paid to the management of MS symptoms with melatonin. This review describes the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and recent clinical evidence from MS patients. Apparent risks and benefits of melatonin therapies are also discussed. Various in vivo and clinical data presented in this up-to-date review suggest that melatonin may possibly possess a protective role against the behavioral deficits and neuropathological characteristics of MS. Multiple mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of melatonin such as mitochondrial protection and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, as well as its anti-demyelinating function are also discussed. A large body of evidence shows that melatonin potently regulates the immune system, demyelination, free radical generation, and inflammatory responses in neural tissue, which are mediated by multiple signal transduction cascades. In the present article, we focus on different pathways that are targeted by melatonin to prevent the development and progression of MS.
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26
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Fournier NM. Impairment in behavioral sedation in rats during periods of elevated global geomagnetic activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1243-1249. [PMID: 31209598 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the geomagnetic environment on the human organism and other biological entities has been a topic of intense scientific investigation. A large and growing body of evidence has linked elevated geomagnetic activity with effects on an array of neurological, immunological, cardiovascular, and psychological outcomes. For example, elevations in the rates of epileptic seizures, suicides, aggressive behavior, sleep disturbances, and sudden unexpected death from cardiac pathologies have been reported to occur more frequently on days associated with increased geomagnetic activity. Additional evidence also suggests that geomagnetic conditions might have an impact on the biological actions of specific drugs classes that have important implications for pain management, sedation, and seizure control. The present study set out to determine if periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity could influence the induction of behavioral sedation by pentobarbital in rodents undergoing a routine surgical procedure. The surgical records of 250 subjects were retrospectively analyzed, and the occurrence of complete behavioral sedation (e.g., loss of righting reflex, lack of nociceptive response to tail pinch, absence of corneal and conjunctive reflexes) was noted. We found a significant correlation between periods of increased geomagnetic activity and the number of non-responsive surgical patients (i.e., patients still demonstrating behavioral responsiveness after treatment with pentobarbital). These findings provide evidence for the first time that the potential efficacy of some surgical anesthetic compounds might be reduced on days associated with increased geomagnetic activity. Potential mechanisms are presented, and the broad implications of these findings to phenomena such as surgical awareness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Fournier
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J7B8, Canada.
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27
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Mohammadi F, Shakiba S, Mehrzadi S, Afshari K, Rahimnia AH, Dehpour AR. Anticonvulsant effect of melatonin through ATP‐sensitive channels in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:148-155. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Shakiba
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Shahid Hemmat Highway Tehran 1449614535 Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Rahimnia
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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28
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Hannant P, Cassidy S, Renshaw D, Joyce A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-designed GABA tea study in children diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions: a feasibility study clinical trial registration: ISRCTN 72571312. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:45-61. [PMID: 31060476 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1588486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The research has shown an association with sensorimotor integration and symptomology of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Specific areas of the brain that are involved in sensorimotor integration, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia, are pathologically different in individuals with ASC in comparison to typically developing (TD) peers. These brain regions contain GABAergic inhibitory neurons that release an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Brain GABA levels are decreased in ASC. This study explored the effect of introducing a non-invasive GABA substitute, in the form of GABA Oolong tea, on sensorimotor skills, ASC profiles, anxieties and sleep of children with ASC. Methods: Nine children took part: (5 male, 4 female). Each child participated in three tea conditions: high GABA, high L-Theanine (a compound that increases GABA), placebo with low GABA. A double-blind, repeated measures design was employed. Measures were taken after each tea condition. Sensory and ASC profiles were scored using parental questionnaires. Motor skills were assessed using a gold standard coordination assessment. Sleep was monitored using an actiwatch and anxiety measured through cortisol assays. Subjective views were sought from parents on 'best' tea. Results: The results showed significant improvement in manual dexterity and some large individual improvements in balance, sensory responsivity, DSM-5 criteria and cortisol levels with GABA tea. Improvements were also seen in the L-Theanine condition although they were more sporadic. Conclusions: These results suggest that sensorimotor abilities, anxiety levels and DSM-5 symptomology of children with ASC can benefit from the administration of GABA in the form of Oolong tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hannant
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.,School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Cassidy
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Anna Joyce
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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29
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Melatonin as a master regulator of cell death and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for newborn care. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:317. [PMID: 30962427 PMCID: PMC6453953 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, more commonly known as the sleep hormone, is mainly secreted by the pineal gland in dark conditions and regulates the circadian rhythm of the organism. Its intrinsic properties, including high cell permeability, the ability to easily cross both the blood–brain and placenta barriers, and its role as an endogenous reservoir of free radical scavengers (with indirect extra activities), confer it beneficial uses as an adjuvant in the biomedical field. Melatonin can exert its effects by acting through specific cellular receptors on the plasma membrane, similar to other hormones, or through receptor-independent mechanisms that involve complex molecular cross talk with other players. There is increasing evidence regarding the extraordinary beneficial effects of melatonin, also via exogenous administration. Here, we summarize molecular pathways in which melatonin is considered a master regulator, with attention to cell death and inflammation mechanisms from basic, translational and clinical points of view in the context of newborn care.
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30
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Sales F, Peralta OA, Narbona E, McCoard S, González-Bulnes A, Parraguez VH. Rapid Communication: Maternal melatonin implants improve fetal oxygen supply and body weight at term in sheep pregnancies. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:839-845. [PMID: 30452689 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal hypoxia, resulting in oxidative stress in pregnancies, contributes to reduced fetal growth. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, has been associated with improved oxidative status. Maternal oral melatonin supplementation in sheep from day 50 of gestation ameliorates the consequences of fetal growth restriction in sheep. In rats, melatonin supplementation increases fetal weight via improved placental efficiency and reduction of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether melatonin supplementation of single (S)- or twin-bearing (T) ewes using either 0 (0MEL), 1 (18-mg MEL), or 2 (36-mg MEL) slow release 18-mg melatonin implants (Regulin) from 100 to 140 d of pregnancy (n = 8 per group) influenced fetal oxygen supply and fetal weight. Fetal umbilical vein blood samples were collected at P140 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and hemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SatHb) measured. The placenta from each fetus was excised and placentomes individually weighed and typed (A-D). Pregnancy rank, sex of the fetus, number of implants, and their interaction on fetal weight, blood gases, and placentome weight were analyzed using ANOVA. A 22% and 14% increase (P < 0.05) in body weight was obtained in 36- and 18-mg MEL compared with 0 MEL twin male fetuses, respectively, but no treatment effects were observed in singletons or females from twin pregnancies. Fetuses from ewes receiving 36-mg MEL had an 18% to 20% increase in cord PO2 (P < 0.05) compared with 18-mg MEL and 0MEL fetuses, which in turn did not differ. Fetal weight was positively correlated with PO2 (r = 0.37; P = 0.02), SatHb (r = 0.26; P = 0.03), and O2 content (r = 0.236; P = 0.048). No treatment effect on placentome average weight, total placentome weight per fetus or per ewe, nor total number of placentomes per fetus was observed. However, placentae from 36-mg MEL fetuses had a greater proportion of Type C (P < 0.05) than 0MEL and 18-mg MEL ewes, and tended to have a lower proportion of Type A (P = 0.1) and a greater proportion of Type D (P = 0.06) placentomes, compared with 0MEL ewes. These results indicate that maternal melatonin implants, independently of sex, improve oxygen supply to the fetus, which could potentially improve lamb vigor at birth. In addition, melatonin can increase fetal weight of twin males, by improving placental adaptation and fetal blood oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar A Peralta
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileen Narbona
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sue McCoard
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- INIA-Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040-Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Toxicología y Farmacología. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor H Parraguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Ding K, Zhang L, Zhang T, Yang H, Brinkman R. The Effect of Melatonin on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30941049 PMCID: PMC6433841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved hormone in evolutionary history. It occurs in numerous organisms and plays a role in the endocrine and immune systems. Locomotor behavior is a basic behavior in animals and is an important indicator of circadian rhythms, which are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems. To date, the effect of melatonin on locomotor behavior has been studied in vertebrates, including syrian hamsters, sparrows, rats, zebrafish, goldfish, and flatworms. However, there have been few studies of the effects of melatonin on locomotor behavior in marine invertebrates. The goals of present study were to show the existence of melatonin in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and to evaluate its effect on locomotor activity. In addition, muscle tissues from control and melatonin-treated sea cucumbers were tested using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to determine the changes of metabolic activity in muscle. Melatonin was present in the coelomic fluid of A. japonicus at a concentration of ∼135.0 ng/L. The total distance traveled and number steps taken over 9 h after melatonin administration decreased with increasing concentration of the melatonin dose. Mean and maximum velocity of movement and stride length and stride frequency also decreased, but their differences were not statistically significant. Overall, these results suggest that melatonin administration had a sedative effect on A. japonicus. The levels of 22 different metabolites were altered in the muscle tissues of melatonin-treated sea cucumbers. Serotonin, 9-cis retinoic acid, all-trans retinoic acid, flavin mononucleotide in muscles were downregulated after melatonin administration. Moreover, a high free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and a decrease in the adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the muscle tissues of the melatonin-treated group were detected as well. These results suggest that the sedative effect of melatonin involves some other metabolic pathways, and the reduced locomotor modulator—serotonin, inhibited fatty acid oxidation and disturbed oxidative phosphorylation are potential physiological mechanisms that result in the inhibitory effect of melatonin on locomotion in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Richard Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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32
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Agorastos A, Nicolaides NC, Bozikas VP, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Multilevel Interactions of Stress and Circadian System: Implications for Traumatic Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 32047446 PMCID: PMC6997541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic fluctuations in energy demands by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for biological temporal organization across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian timing system (CS) represents a highly conserved and sophisticated internal "clock," adjusted to the 24-h rotation period of the earth, enabling a nyctohemeral coordination of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behavior. The human CS is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the stress system (SS). Both systems are fundamental for survival and regulate each other's activity in order to prepare the organism for the anticipated cyclic challenges. Thereby, the understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical for the comprehension of the molecular basis of physiology and pathogenesis of disease. A critical loss of the harmonious timed order at different organizational levels may affect the fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptative mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. In this review, following an overview of the functional components of the SS and CS, we present their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can alter the interplay between the two systems. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress exposure may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of trauma through maladaptive stress regulation. Understanding the mechanisms susceptible to circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related disorders could provide new insights into disease mechanisms, advancing psychochronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios P Bozikas
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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33
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Cardinali DP. Melatonin: Clinical Perspectives in Neurodegeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:480. [PMID: 31379746 PMCID: PMC6646522 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases is presently a major goal for our Society and melatonin, an unusual phylogenetically conserved molecule present in all aerobic organisms, merits consideration in this respect. Melatonin combines both chronobiotic and cytoprotective properties. As a chronobiotic, melatonin can modify phase and amplitude of biological rhythms. As a cytoprotective molecule, melatonin reverses the low degree inflammatory damage seen in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Low levels of melatonin in blood characterizes advancing age. In experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the neurodegeneration observed is prevented by melatonin. Melatonin also increased removal of toxic proteins by the brain glymphatic system. A limited number of clinical trials endorse melatonin's potentiality in AD and PD, particularly at an early stage of disease. Calculations derived from animal studies indicate cytoprotective melatonin doses in the 40-100 mg/day range. Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed. The off-label use of melatonin is discussed.
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34
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McCarty KJ, Owen MPT, Hart CG, Thompson RC, Burnett DD, King EH, Hopper RM, Lemley CO. Effect of chronic melatonin supplementation during mid to late gestation on maternal uterine artery blood flow and subsequent development of male offspring in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:5100-5111. [PMID: 30203092 PMCID: PMC6276587 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of supplemental melatonin implants on uterine artery blood flow from mid to late gestation in beef cattle and subsequent development of their male offspring. Commercial beef heifers (n = 32) and cows (n = 25) were bred via artificial insemination and assigned to 1 of 2 groups supplemented with melatonin implants (MEL) or without (CON) at day 180, 210, and 240 of gestation. Uterine artery blood flow was determined using color Doppler ultrasonography. A subset of 12 crossbred heifers (n = 6 MEL; n = 6 CON) underwent Cesarean sections on day 243 ± 2 of gestation to allow for placentome collection. Maternal and fetal serum were collected to analyze melatonin concentrations. The remaining cattle were allowed to calve and at weaning (195 ± 2 d of age), bull calves (n = 15) were castrated and testicular tissue harvested for seminiferous tubule analysis. Heifer uterine artery blood flow was increased (P = 0.009) at day 240 of gestation in MEL compared with CON heifers. Cow uterine artery blood flow was increased (P = 0.003) in MEL compared with CON cows irrespective of gestational day. Maternal and fetal concentrations of melatonin were increased (P < 0.05) in MEL compared with CON heifers. The percent of placentome capillary area per mm2 was decreased (P = 0.019) in MEL compared with CON heifers, while cotyledonary ANGPT1 mRNA tended to increase (P = 0.095) in MEL compared with CON heifers. At weaning, body weight of male offspring and their scrotal circumference were increased (P < 0.05) in calves born to MEL compared with CON dams, while seminiferous tubule diameter and area were not different (P > 0.40) between treatments. In summary, melatonin supplementation increased uterine artery blood flow in mid to late gestating cattle, but this was not accompanied by an increase in fetal weight. Alterations in postnatal development of bulls, including increased body weight and scrotal circumference, warrants future investigations related to attainment of puberty and subsequent fertility of offspring born to melatonin supplemented dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keelee J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Megan P T Owen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Caitlin G Hart
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Robyn C Thompson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - E Heath King
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Richard M Hopper
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
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35
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Kuthati Y, Lin SH, Chen IJ, Wong CS. Melatonin and their analogs as a potential use in the management of Neuropathic pain. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:1177-1186. [PMID: 30316678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), secreted by the pineal gland is known to perform multiple functions including, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancerous, immunomodulatory, sedative and tranquilizing functions. Melatonin is also known to be involved in the regulation of body mass index, control the gastrointestinal system and play an important role in cardioprotection, thermoregulation, and reproduction. Recently, several studies have reported the efficacy of Melatonin in treating various pain syndromes. The current paper reviews the studies on Melatonin and its analogs, particularly in Neuropathic pain. Here, we first briefly summarized research in preclinical studies showing the possible mechanisms through which Melatonin and its analogs induce analgesia in Neuropathic pain. Second, we reviewed research indicating the role of Melatonin in attenuating analgesic tolerance. Finally, we discussed the recent studies that reported novel Melatonin agonists, which were proven to be effective in treating Neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Lin
- Planning and Management Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Planning and Management Office, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan.
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36
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Pierozan P, Andersson M, Brandt I, Karlsson O. The environmental neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine inhibits melatonin synthesis in primary pinealocytes and a rat model. J Pineal Res 2018. [PMID: 29528516 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The environmental neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a glutamate receptor agonist that can induce oxidative stress and has been implicated as a possible risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Detection of BMAA in mussels, crustaceans, and fish illustrates that the sources of human exposure to this toxin are more abundant than previously anticipated. The aim of this study was to determine uptake of BMAA in the pineal gland and subsequent effects on melatonin production in primary pinealocyte cultures and a rat model. Autoradiographic imaging of 10-day-old male rats revealed a high and selective uptake in the pineal gland at 30 minutes to 24 hours after 14 C-L-BMAA administration (0.68 mg/kg). Primary pinealocyte cultures exposed to 0.05-3 mmol/L BMAA showed a 57%-93% decrease in melatonin synthesis in vitro. Both the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) antagonist Ly341495 and the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate prevented the decrease in melatonin secretion, suggesting that BMAA inhibits melatonin synthesis by mGluR3 activation and PKC inhibition. Serum analysis revealed a 45% decrease in melatonin concentration in neonatal rats assessed 2 weeks after BMAA administration (460 mg/kg) and confirmed an inhibition of melatonin synthesis in vivo. Given that melatonin is a most important neuroprotective molecule in the brain, the etiology of BMAA-induced neurodegeneration may include mechanisms beyond direct excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Andersson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Brandt
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Ramírez-Salado I, Guevara MA, Hernández-González M, Benitez-King G. Melatonin Effects on EEG Activity During Sleep Onset in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:55-65. [PMID: 30480249 PMCID: PMC6159690 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence demonstrating that 5-mg of fast-release melatonin significantly reduces nocturnal sleep onset in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the physiological mechanism that could promote sleep installation by melatonin in patients with AD is still poorly understood. The present pilot study was designed to analyze the effects of melatonin on cortical activity during the sleep onset period (SOP) in eight mild-to-moderate AD patients treated with 5-mg of fast-release melatonin. Electroencephalographic recordings were obtained from C3-A1, C4-A2, F7-T3, F8-T4, F3-F4, and O1-O2. The relative power (RP), interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and fronto-posterior correlations of six electroencephalographic bands were calculated and compared between two conditions: placebo and melatonin. Results show that at F7-T3, F3-F4, and C3-A1, melatonin induced an increase of the RP of the delta band. Likewise, in F7-T3, melatonin induced a decrease of the RP in the alpha1 band. Similarly, results show a lower interhemispheric correlation between the F7-T3 and F8-T4 derivations in the alpha1 band compared to the placebo condition. We conclude that the short sleep onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients was associated with a lower RP of the alpha1, a higher RP of the delta band (mainly in the left hemisphere) and a decreased interhemispheric EEG coupling in the alpha1 band. The possible role of the GABAergic neurotransmission as well as of the cascade of neurochemical events that melatonin triggers on sleep onset are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, CDMX, México
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Abstract
Behavioral problems of companion animals are becoming more widely recognized. As a result, there are a growing number of behavioral nutraceuticals and diets on the market. These products may be useful for the treatment of mild conditions, for clients who are hesitant to give their pet a psychopharmacologic agent, or sometimes in conjunction with psychopharmacologic agents. Veterinarians should critically review the research associated with nutraceuticals and diets, and have an understanding of the functional ingredients and their mechanisms of action before prescribing treatment. This article provides an overview of nutraceuticals, their mechanisms of action, and relevant research regarding their use.
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Hernández OH. Circadian rhythms of omitted stimulus potentials in the crayfish brain. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1336885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hernando Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México
- Hospital General de Especialidades “Dr. Javier Buenfil Osorio”, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México
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Lemley CO, Vonnahme KA. PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Alterations in uteroplacental hemodynamics during melatonin supplementation in sheep and cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2211-2221. [PMID: 28726984 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised placental function can result in fetal growth restriction which is associated with greater risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Large increases in transplacental nutrient and waste exchange, which support the exponential increase in fetal growth during the last half of gestation, are dependent primarily on the rapid growth and vascularization of the uteroplacenta. The amplitude of melatonin secretion has been associated with improved oxidative status and altered cardiovascular function in several mammalian species; however, melatonin mediated alterations of uteroplacental capacity in sheep and cattle are lacking. Therefore, our laboratories are examining uteroplacental blood flow and fetal development during maternal melatonin supplementation. Using a mid- to late-gestation ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction, we examined uteroplacental blood flow and fetal growth during supplementation with 5 mg/d of dietary melatonin. Maternal nutrient restriction decreased uterine arterial blood flow, while melatonin supplementation increased umbilical arterial blood flow compared with non-supplemented controls. Although melatonin treatment did not rescue fetal weight in nutrient restricted ewes; we observed disproportionate fetal size and fetal organ development. Elevated fetal concentrations of melatonin may result in altered blood flow distribution during important time points of development. These melatonin specific responses on umbilical arterial hemodynamics and fetal development may be partially mediated through vascular melatonin receptors. Recently, we examined the effects of supplementing Holstein heifers with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin during the last third of gestation. Uterine arterial blood flow was increased by 25% and total serum antioxidant capacity was increased by 43% in melatonin supplemented heifers vs. non-supplemented controls. In addition, peripheral concentrations of progesterone were decreased in melatonin supplemented heifers vs. non-supplemented controls. Using an in vitro model, melatonin treatment increased the activity of cytochrome P450 2C, a progesterone inactivating enzyme, which was blocked by treatment with the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole. Elucidating the consequences of specific hormonal supplements on the continual plasticity of placental function will allow us to determine important endogenous mediators of offspring growth and development.
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Melatonin reduces motivation for cocaine self-administration and prevents relapse-like behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1741-1748. [PMID: 28246896 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Melatonin is a hormone involved in the entrainment of circadian rhythms, which appears dysregulated in drug users. Further, it has been demonstrated that melatonin can modulate the reinforcing effects of several drugs of abuse and may therefore play a role in drug addiction. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether administration of melatonin reduces relapse-like behavior and the motivation to seek cocaine in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to long-term cocaine self-administration training. Thereafter, melatonin effects were assessed on: (1) the motivation to work for cocaine in the break point test, (2) the relapse-like behavior in the cue-induced reinstatement test, (3) the distance traveled in the open field test, and (4) sucrose preference in a two-bottle choice paradigm. Melatonin, 25 or 50 mg/kg, was injected 3-4 h after the dark phase onset, 30 min prior to each test. RESULTS Both doses of melatonin decreased the number of active pokes in both break point and cue-induced reinstatement tests, demonstrating that melatonin can reduce the cocaine-seeking behavior and the motivation to work for cocaine. Administration of the higher dose of this hormone, however, significantly reduced the number of inactive pokes during the cue-induced reinstatement test and tended to reduce animals' locomotor activity in the open field test. Sucrose preference was unchanged in both vehicle- and melatonin-treated animal groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that melatonin administration may lower the risk of relapse triggered by cues in cocaine-experienced animals.
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Porseryd T, Volkova K, Reyhanian Caspillo N, Källman T, Dinnetz P, Porsh Hällström I. Persistent Effects of Developmental Exposure to 17α-Ethinylestradiol on the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Brain Transcriptome and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:69. [PMID: 28473760 PMCID: PMC5397488 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine disrupting compound of concern due to its persistence and widespread presence in the aquatic environment. Effects of developmental exposure to low concentrations of EE2 in fish on reproduction and behavior not only persisted to adulthood, but have also been observed to be transmitted to several generations of unexposed progeny. To investigate the possible biological mechanisms of the persistent anxiogenic phenotype, we exposed zebrafish embryos for 80 days post fertilization to 0, 3, and 10 ng/L EE2 (measured concentrations 2.14 and 7.34 ng/L). After discontinued exposure, the animals were allowed to recover for 120 days in clean water. Adult males and females were later tested for changes in stress response and shoal cohesion, and whole-brain gene expression was analyzed with RNA sequencing. The results show increased anxiety in the novel tank and scototaxis tests, and increased shoal cohesion in fish exposed during development to EE2. RNA sequencing revealed 34 coding genes differentially expressed in male brains and 62 in female brains as a result of EE2 exposure. Several differences were observed between males and females in differential gene expression, with only one gene, sv2b, coding for a synaptic vesicle protein, that was affected by EE2 in both sexes. Functional analyses showed that in female brains, EE2 had significant effects on pathways connected to the circadian rhythm, cytoskeleton and motor proteins and synaptic proteins. A large number of non-coding sequences including 19 novel miRNAs were also differentially expressed in the female brain. The largest treatment effect in male brains was observed in pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis and synaptic proteins. Circadian rhythm and cholesterol biosynthesis, previously implicated in anxiety behavior, might represent possible candidate pathways connecting the transcriptome changes to the alterations to behavior. Further the observed alteration in expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic function may be important for the developmental modulations resulting in an anxiety phenotype. This study represents an initial survey of the fish brain transcriptome by RNA sequencing after long-term recovery from developmental exposure to an estrogenic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Porseryd
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristina Volkova
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden.,Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro UniversityÖrebro, Sweden
| | - Nasim Reyhanian Caspillo
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden.,Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro UniversityÖrebro, Sweden
| | - Thomas Källman
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Dinnetz
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Inger Porsh Hällström
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn UniversityHuddinge, Sweden
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Miranda-Páez A, Zamudio SR, Vázquez-León P, Sandoval-Herrera V, Villanueva-Becerril I, Carli G. Effect of melatonin injection into the periaqueductal gray on antinociception and tonic immobility in male rats. Horm Behav 2017; 89:23-29. [PMID: 27988316 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone with significant involvement in several biological functions, of which antinociception and tonic immobility (TI) may be the key neurobehavioral components to survive in adverse conditions such as a predator attack. TI-induced antinociception can be elicited, facilitated, or increased through opioid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) among other chemical mediators at several levels of the central nervous system, mainly in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the microinjection of MLT into the main PAG regions that are related to different integrated defensive responses, namely dorsal (D) and ventrolateral (VL), on both antinociception through the tail-flick (TF) test and TI duration as single behavioral response and on combined behavioral responses (TF/TI). We found that the microinjection of MLT into the main PAG areas produced antinociception but did not affect the TI duration. The microinjection of MLT into the D-PAG decreased TF latency during TI in the combined trial (TF/TI), which implies that TI-induced antinociception was blocked. The microinjection of MLT into the VL-PAG maintained the antinociceptive capability of the TI without addition or increase in the antinociceptive effects, implying a permissive effect by MLT on the TI-induced antinociception. MLT administration into the D-PAG decreased the TI duration on the TF/TI, whereas MLT administration into the VL-PAG had the opposite effect of significantly increasing TI duration with the TF/TI trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, CP 07738, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México City, Mexico.
| | - Sergio R Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, CP 07738, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México City, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, CP 07738, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México City, Mexico
| | - Vicente Sandoval-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, CP 07738, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Villanueva-Becerril
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, CP 07738, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, México City, Mexico
| | - Giancarlo Carli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Room 10/127, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Comparing the Behavioural Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone and Melatonin in Young and Old Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5863402. [PMID: 28050228 PMCID: PMC5165162 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5863402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin are two hormones with quite different physiological effects. Curiously, their secretion shows parallel and severe age-related reductions. This has promoted many reports for studying the therapeutic supplementation of both hormones in an attempt to avoid or delay the physical, physiological, and psychological decay observed in aged humans and in experimental animals. Interestingly, the effects of the external administration of low doses of GH and of melatonin were surprisingly similar, as both hormones caused significant improvements in the functional capabilities of aged subjects. The present report aims at discerning the eventual difference between cognitive and motor effects of the two hormones when administered to young and aged Wistar rats. The effects were tested in the radial maze, a test highly sensitive to the age-related impairments in working memory and also in the rotarod test, for evaluating the motor coordination. The results showed that both hormones caused clear improvements in both tasks. However, while GH improved the cognitive capacity and, most importantly, the physical stamina, the effects of melatonin should be attributed to its antioxidant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties.
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Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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Cardinali DP, Golombek DA, Rosenstein RE, Brusco LI, Vigo DE. Assessing the efficacy of melatonin to curtail benzodiazepine/Z drug abuse. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Carriere CH, Kang NH, Niles LP. Chronic low-dose melatonin treatment maintains nigrostriatal integrity in an intrastriatal rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2015; 1633:115-125. [PMID: 26740407 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a major neurodegenerative disorder which primarily involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and related projections in the striatum. The pesticide/neurotoxin, rotenone, has been shown to cause systemic inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity in nigral dopaminergic neurons, with consequent degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, as observed in Parkinson's disease. A novel intrastriatal rotenone model of Parkinson's disease was used to examine the neuroprotective effects of chronic low-dose treatment with the antioxidant indoleamine, melatonin, which can upregulate neurotrophic factors and other protective proteins in the brain. Sham or lesioned rats were treated with either vehicle (0.04% ethanol in drinking water) or melatonin at a dose of 4 µg/mL in drinking water. The right striatum was lesioned by stereotactic injection of rotenone at three sites (4 μg/site) along its rostrocaudal axis. Apomorphine administration to lesioned animals resulted in a significant (p<0.001) increase in ipsilateral rotations, which was suppressed by melatonin. Nine weeks post-surgery, animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. Subsequent immunohistochemical examination revealed a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity within the striatum and substantia nigra of rotenone-lesioned animals. Melatonin treatment attenuated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum and abolished it in the substantia nigra. Stereological cell counts indicated a significant (p<0.05) decrease in dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of rotenone-lesioned animals, which was confirmed by Nissl staining. Importantly, chronic melatonin treatment blocked the loss of dopamine neurons in rotenone-lesioned animals. These findings strongly support the therapeutic potential of long-term and low-dose melatonin treatment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace H Carriere
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, HSC-4N77, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
| | - Na Hyea Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, HSC-4N77, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
| | - Lennard P Niles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, HSC-4N77, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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Behavioral Indexes of Thermal Nociceptive Sensitivity in Rats after Melatonin Administration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 160:179-82. [PMID: 26621280 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of melatonin (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on behavioral indexes reflecting changes in nociceptive sensitivity of rats in response to thermal stimulation in the hot plate test. Administration of melatonin to animals suppressed the perceptual component of nociception, which was manifested in an increase in the perception threshold of noxious thermal stimulus. In the follow-up period, exogenous melatonin contributed to a decrease in the latency of avoidance reactions and enhanced the behavior of escaping the thermal nociceptive stimulation. Our results suggest that the involvement of melatonin in goal-directed behavior of mammals during nociceptive treatment is related to an increase in orientation and exploratory activity, facilitation of memory storage, and improvement of memory retrieval for environmental signals, action program, and reinforcing effect of avoiding the painful stimulus.
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50
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Tchekalarova J, Moyanova S, Fusco AD, Ngomba RT. The role of the melatoninergic system in epilepsy and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Brain Res Bull 2015; 119:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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