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Nanotechnology-based products for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1389-1412. [PMID: 34716502 PMCID: PMC8555726 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Currently, nanoscale materials and scaffolds carrying antitumor agents to the tumor target site are practical approaches for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is a modern approach to cancer treatment in which the body’s immune system adjusts to deal with cancer cells. Immuno-engineering is a new branch of regenerative medicine-based therapies that uses engineering principles by using biological tools to stimulate the immune system. Therefore, this branch’s final aim is to regulate distribution, release, and simultaneous placement of several immune factors at the tumor site, so then upgrade the current treatment methods and subsequently improve the immune system’s handling. In this paper, recent research and prospects of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy have been presented and discussed. Furthermore, different encouraging nanotechnology-based plans for targeting various innate and adaptive immune systems will also be discussed. Due to novel views in nanotechnology strategies, this field can address some biological obstacles, although studies are ongoing. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Nanodelivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080990. [PMID: 34439040 PMCID: PMC8388958 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as alternative therapeutic agents to traditional antibiotics. These peptides have abundant natural template sources and can be isolated from animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are amphiphilic and mostly net positively charged, and they have a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs possess significant rapid killing effects and do not interact with specific receptors on bacterial surfaces. As a result, drug resistance is rarely observed with treatments. AMPs, however, have some operational problems, such as a susceptibility to enzymatic (protease) degradation, toxicity in vivo, and unclear pharmacokinetics. However, nanodelivery systems loaded with AMPs provide a safe mechanism of packaging such peptides before they exert their antimicrobial actions, facilitate targeted delivery to the sites of infection, and control the release rate of peptides and reduce their toxic side effects. However, nanodelivery systems using AMPs are at an early stage of development and are still in the laboratory phase of development. There are also some challenges in incorporating AMPs into nanodelivery systems. Herein, an insight into the nanotechnology challenges in delivering AMPs, current advances, and remaining technological challenges are discussed in depth.
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Wu PX, Cui XJ, Cao MX, Lv LH, Dong HM, Xiao SW, Liu JZ, Hu YH. Evaluation on two types of paramyosin vaccines for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations in rabbits. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:309. [PMID: 34099029 PMCID: PMC8185926 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemaphysalis longicornis is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that transmits a variety of pathogens causing life-threatening diseases in humans and animals. Paramyosin (Pmy) is not only an invertebrate-specific myofibrillar protein but also an important immunomodulatory protein. Therefore, it is one of the ideal candidate antigens for vaccines. METHODS We conducted two vaccine trials to evaluate the protective efficacy of Pmy recombinant protein (rPmy) and peptide vaccine (KLH-LEE). Each rabbit was immunized with three doses of rPmy or KLH-LEE adjuvanted with Freund's complete/incomplete at 500 μg/dose at 2-week intervals before challenge with 40 female H. longicornis/rabbit. PBS plus adjuvant, Trx or KLH was used as control group. The antibodies of rabbits were detected by ELISA. Then, female ticks were fed on the rabbits until detachment. RESULTS ELISA results showed that both vaccines induced rabbits to produce antibodies. Compared with the Trx group, the engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of the rPmy group decreased by 8.87%, 26.83% and 38.86%, respectively. On the other hand, engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of female ticks in the KLH-LEE group correspondingly resulted in 27.03%, 53.15% and 38.40% reduction compared with that of the KLH group. Considering the cumulative effect of vaccination on the evaluated parameters, results showed 60.37% efficacy of the rPmy vaccine formulation and 70.86% efficacy in the KLH-LEE group. CONCLUSIONS Pmy and particularly epitope LEE have potential for further development of an effective candidate vaccine to protect the host against tick infection. GRAPHIC ABSTARCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi-Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China.
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Fries CN, Curvino EJ, Chen JL, Permar SR, Fouda GG, Collier JH. Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 32807876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases, there remain numerous globally devastating diseases without fully protective vaccines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. Nanotechnology approaches are being developed both to design new vaccines against these diseases as well as to facilitate their global implementation. The reasons why a given pathogen may present difficulties for vaccine design are unique and tied to the co-evolutionary history of the pathogen and humans, but there are common challenges that nanotechnology is beginning to help address. In each case, a successful vaccine will need to raise immune responses that differ from the immune responses raised by normal infection. Nanomaterials, with their defined compositions, commonly modular construction, and length scales allowing the engagement of key immune pathways, collectively facilitate the iterative design process necessary to identify such protective immune responses and achieve them reliably. Nanomaterials also provide strategies for engineering the trafficking and delivery of vaccine components to key immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they can be highly multivalent, improving their engagement with the immune system. This Review will discuss these aspects along with recent nanomaterial advances towards vaccines against infectious disease, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve G Fouda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Structural Characterization of a Unique Peptide in Porin: An Approach Towards Specific Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pati R, Shevtsov M, Sonawane A. Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2224. [PMID: 30337923 PMCID: PMC6180194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In the context of vaccine development remarkable efforts have been made to develop new vaccines and also to improve the efficacy of existing vaccines against specific diseases. To date, some vaccines are developed from protein subunits or killed pathogens, whilst several vaccines are based on live-attenuated organisms, which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity under certain immunocompromised conditions. To avoid this, the development of risk-free effective vaccines in conjunction with adequate delivery systems are considered as an imperative need to obtain desired humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infectious diseases. In the last several years, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines has received a great attention to improve vaccine efficacy, immunization strategies, and targeted delivery to achieve desired immune responses at the cellular level. To improve vaccine efficacy, these nanocarriers should protect the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, facilitate antigen uptake and processing by antigen presenting cells, control release, and should be safe for human use. Nanocarriers composed of lipids, proteins, metals or polymers have already been used to attain some of these attributes. In this context, several physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles play an important role in the determination of vaccine efficacy. This review article focuses on the applications of nanocarrier-based vaccine formulations and the strategies used for the functionalization of nanoparticles to accomplish efficient delivery of vaccines in order to induce desired host immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Elbahnasawy MA, Donius LR, Reinherz EL, Kim M. Co-delivery of a CD4 T cell helper epitope via covalent liposome attachment with a surface-arrayed B cell target antigen fosters higher affinity antibody responses. Vaccine 2018; 36:6191-6201. [PMID: 30197285 PMCID: PMC6192012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccines incorporating adjuvant and CD4 T cell helper peptides enhance antibody responses against weakly immunogenic B cell epitopes such as found in the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 gp41 subunit. While the inclusion of exogenous helper peptides in vaccine formulations facilitates stronger and more durable antibody responses, the helper peptide incorporation strategy per se may influence the overall magnitude and quality of B cell target antigen immunogenicity. Both variability in individual peptide encapsulation as well as the potential for liposome surface-associated helper peptides to misdirect the humoral response are potential parameters impacting outcome. In this study, we used MPER/liposome vaccines as a model system to examine how the mode of the potent LACK T helper peptide formulation modulates antibody responses against the MPER antigen. We directly compared liposome surface-arrayed palmitoyl LACK (pLACK) versus soluble LACK (sLACK) encapsulated in the liposomes and free in solution. Independent of LACK formulation methods, dendritic cell activation and LACK presentation were equivalent in vivo. The frequency of MPER-specific GC B cells promoted by sLACK was higher than that stimulated by pLACK formulation, a finding associated with a significantly greater frequency of LACK-specific GC B cells induced by pLACK. While there were no significant differences in the quantity of MPER-specific serological responses, the MPER-specific antibody titer trended higher with sLACK formulated vaccines at the lower dose of LACK. However, pLACK generated relatively greater MPER-specific antibody affinities than those induced by sLACK-formulated vaccines. Overall, the results suggest that liposomal surface-associated LACK enhances immunogenicity of LACK through better engagement of LACK-specific B cells. Of note, this is not detrimental to the induction of MPER-specific immune responses; rather, the elicitation of higher affinity anti-MPER antibodies benefits from augmented help delivered via covalent linkage of the pLACK CD4 T cell epitope in conjunction with MPER/liposome presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Elbahnasawy
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke R Donius
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Aguirre ADAR, Lobo FP, Cunha RC, Garcia MV, Andreotti R. Design of the ATAQ peptide and its evaluation as an immunogen to develop a Rhipicephalus vaccine. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:30-8. [PMID: 27084468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tick infestation may cause several problems including affecting domestic animal health and reducing the production of meat and milk, among others. Resistance to several classes of acaricides have been reported, forcing researchers to search for alternative measures, such as vaccines against ticks, to ensure tick control while having no or at least low negative impacts on the environment and public health. However, the current commercially available vaccines in different strains of Rhipicephalus microplus are reported to be of low efficacy. Fortunately, reverse vaccinology approaches have shown positive results in the new generation of vaccines. On this basis, a synthetic peptide from the ATAQ protein, which is present in the gut and Malpighi tubes of R. microplus, was synthesized. The ATAQ proteins were isolated, characterized and sequenced from several species of the genus Rhipicephalus. The alignment showed 93.3% identity among DNA sequences of ATAQs from these species. Because of this, immunization trials with this peptide were conducted on mice, rabbits and cattle to evaluate the humoral immune response and the efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in addition to R. microplus. Based on recent results, we conclude that reverse vaccinology is a promising approach because it is more accurate and faster than conventional methods in the detection of potential antigens to use in anti-tick vaccines. It is not only applicable against R. microplus but also against tick species that play important roles in spreading other diseases. ATAQ proteins should be considered as the antigen in new trials to develop a multi-antigenic vaccine. Although these peptides behave as hapten and are not able to be recognized by the immune system on its own, using carriers and adjuvants helps its presentation and induces strong immune responses. Furthermore, an efficiency of 35% reduction in overall life cycle parameters was reported for R. microplus (98% for ELISA responder animals) and 47% for R. sanguineus. Although not yet enough to prevent the environment to infestation of ticks, this still constitutes a promising strategy that could be applied to integrated measures on tick control and in new research that develops anti-tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Felinto Müller, No. 2443, Vila Ipiranga, CEP 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, No. 7671, Bairro Lagoa, CEP 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Av. André Tosello, No. 209 Campus Unicamp, Barão Geraldo, CEP 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Felinto Müller, No. 2443, Vila Ipiranga, CEP 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Embrapa Gado de Corte, Av. Rádio Maia, No. 830, Zona Rural, CEP 79106-550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Av. Rádio Maia, No. 830, Zona Rural, CEP 79106-550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil()
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Av. Rádio Maia, No. 830, Zona Rural, CEP 79106-550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Irvine DJ, Hanson MC, Rakhra K, Tokatlian T. Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11109-46. [PMID: 26154342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Irvine
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
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Hanson MC, Crespo MP, Abraham W, Moynihan KD, Szeto GL, Chen SH, Melo MB, Mueller S, Irvine DJ. Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2532-46. [PMID: 25938786 DOI: 10.1172/jci79915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are agonists of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) and have potential as vaccine adjuvants. However, cyclic di-GMP (cdGMP) injected s.c. shows minimal uptake into lymphatics/draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and instead is rapidly distributed to the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation. Here, we encapsulated cdGMP within PEGylated lipid nanoparticles (NP-cdGMP) to redirect this adjuvant to dLNs. Compared with unformulated CDNs, encapsulation blocked systemic dissemination and markedly enhanced dLN accumulation in murine models. Delivery of NP-cdGMP increased CD8+ T cell responses primed by peptide vaccines and enhanced therapeutic antitumor immunity. A combination of a poorly immunogenic liposomal HIV gp41 peptide antigen and NP-cdGMP robustly induced type I IFN in dLNs, induced a greater expansion of vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells, and greatly increased germinal center B cell differentiation in dLNs compared with a combination of liposomal HIV gp41 and soluble CDN. Further, NP-cdGMP promoted durable antibody titers that were substantially higher than those promoted by the well-studied TLR agonist monophosphoryl lipid A and comparable to a much larger dose of unformulated cdGMP, without the systemic toxicity of the latter. These results demonstrate that nanoparticulate delivery safely targets CDNs to the dLNs and enhances the efficacy of this adjuvant. Moreover, this approach can be broadly applied to other small-molecule immunomodulators of interest for vaccines and immunotherapy.
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Abstract
Rational selection of individual adjuvants can often be made on the basis of innate molecular interactions of the foreign molecules with pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors. For example, monophosphoryl lipid A, a family of endotoxic TLR4 agonist molecules from bacteria, has recently been formulated with liposomes, oil emulsions, or aluminum salts for several vaccines. Combinations of antigens and adjuvants with particulate lipid or oil components may reveal unique properties of immune potency or efficacy, but these can sometimes be exhibited differently in rodents when compared to nonhuman primates or humans. New adjuvants, formulations, microinjection devices, and skin delivery techniques for transcutaneous immunization demonstrate that adjuvant systems can include combinations of strategies and delivery mechanisms for uniquely formulated antigens and adjuvants.
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Bershteyn A, Hanson MC, Crespo MP, Moon JJ, Li AV, Suh H, Irvine DJ. Robust IgG responses to nanograms of antigen using a biomimetic lipid-coated particle vaccine. J Control Release 2011; 157:354-65. [PMID: 21820024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New subunit vaccine formulations with increased potency are of interest to improve immune responses against poorly immunogenic antigens, to avoid vaccine shortages in pandemic situations, and to promote dose-sparing of potent adjuvant molecules that can cause unacceptable side effects in prophylactic vaccination. Here we report strong class-switched, high avidity humoral immune responses elicited by a vaccine system based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) micro- or nano-particles enveloped by PEGylated phospholipid bilayers, with protein antigens covalently anchored to the lipid surface and lipophilic adjuvants inserted in the bilayer coating. Strikingly, these particles elicited high endpoint antigen-specific IgG titers (>10(6)) sustained for over 100 days after two immunizations with as little as 2.5 ng of antigen. At such low doses, the conventional adjuvant alum or the molecular adjuvants monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) or α-galactosylceramide (αGC) failed to elicit responses. Co-delivery of antigen with MPLA or αGC incorporated into the particle bilayers in a pathogen-mimetic fashion further enhanced antibody titers by ~12-fold. MPLA provided the highest sustained IgG titers at these ultra-low antigen doses, while αGC promoted a rapid rise in serum IgG after one immunization, which may be valuable in emergencies such as disease pandemics. The dose of αGC required to boost the antibody response was also spared by particulate delivery. Lipid-enveloped biodegradable micro- and nano-particles thus provide a potent dose-sparing platform for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bershteyn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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Said Hassane F, Phalipon A, Tanguy M, Guerreiro C, Bélot F, Frisch B, Mulard LA, Schuber F. Rational design and immunogenicity of liposome-based diepitope constructs: application to synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the Shigella flexneri 2a O-antigen. Vaccine 2009; 27:5419-26. [PMID: 19559116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed chemically defined diepitope constructs consisting of liposomes displaying at their surface synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the O-antigen of the Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (B-cell epitope) and influenza hemagglutinin peptide HA 307-319 (Th epitope). Using well controlled and high-yielding covalent bioconjugation reactions, the two structurally independent epitopes were coupled to the lipopeptide Pam(3)CAG, i.e. a TLR2 ligand known for its adjuvant properties, anchored in preformed vesicles. The synthetic construct containing a pentadecasaccharide corresponding to three O-antigen repeating units triggered T-dependent anti-oligosaccharide and anti-S. flexneri 2a LPS antibody responses when administered i.m. to BALB/c mice. Moreover, the long-lasting anti-LPS antibody response afforded protection against a S. flexneri 2a challenge. These results show that liposome diepitope constructs could be attractive alternatives in the development of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatouma Said Hassane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Bhardwaj S, Vasishta R, Arora SK. Vaccination with a novel recombinant Leishmania antigen plus MPL provides partial protection against L. donovani challenge in experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2009; 121:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Garçon N, Friede M. Liposomes to Induce Potent Humorale Responses to T-Independent Antigens. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109609031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Moreira JN, Hansen CB, Gaspar R, Allen TM. A growth factor antagonist as a targeting agent for sterically stabilized liposomes in human small cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1514:303-17. [PMID: 11557029 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a growth factor antagonist, [D-Arg(6),D-Trp(7,9)-N(me)Phe(8)]-substance P(6-11), named antagonist G, to selectively target polyethylene glycol-grafted liposomes (known as sterically stabilized liposomes) to a human classical small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line, H69, was examined. Our results showed that radiolabeled antagonist G-targeted sterically stabilized liposomes (SLG) bound to H69 cells with higher avidity than free antagonist G and were internalized (reaching a maximum of 13000 SLG/cell), mainly through a receptor-mediated process, likely involving clathrin-coated pits. This interaction was confirmed by confocal microscopy to be peptide- and cell-specific. Moreover, it was shown that SLG significantly improved the nuclear delivery of encapsulated doxorubicin to the target cells, increasing the cytotoxic activity of the drug over non-targeted liposomes. In mice, [(125)I]tyraminylinulin-containing SLG were long circulating, with a half-life of 13 h. Use of peptides like antagonist G to promote binding and internalization of sterically stabilized liposomes, with their accompanying drug loads, i.e., anticancer drugs, genes or antisense oligonucleotides, into target cells has the potential to improve therapy of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Childers NK, Miller KL, Tong G, Llarena JC, Greenway T, Ulrich JT, Michalek SM. Adjuvant activity of monophosphoryl lipid A for nasal and oral immunization with soluble or liposome-associated antigen. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5509-16. [PMID: 10992447 PMCID: PMC101499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.10.5509-5516.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) as a mucosal adjuvant was investigated following oral or intranasal (i.n.) administration of an aqueous adjuvant formulation of MPL (MPL-AF) added to soluble antigen or liposomal antigen or incorporated into liposomal antigen membranes. Groups of BALB/c female mice were immunized with 50 to 100 microg of free or liposomal Streptococcus mutans crude glucosyltransferase (C-GTF) with or without MPL-AF added to the vaccine or incorporated into the liposomal membrane. Plasma, saliva, vaginal wash, and fecal extract samples were collected biweekly following immunization and assessed for antigen-specific antibody activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice immunized by the i.n. route had higher levels of salivary, plasma, and vaginal immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-C-GTF responses and higher levels of plasma IgG anti-C-GTF than the orally immunized groups. A second administration of the vaccine 14 weeks after the initial immunization resulted in an anamnestic response to C-GTF resulting in 10- and 100-fold increases in saliva and plasma IgA and plasma IgG, respectively (in the i.n. immunized groups). Mice receiving a second i.n. immunization with liposomal antigen and MPL-AF had higher salivary IgA anti-C-GTF responses than mice immunized with antigen plus MPL-AF or liposomal antigen (P < 0.05). Plasma IgG anti-C-GTF activity was highest in mice immunized by the i.n. route with antigen formulations containing MPL-AF (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of MPL-AF as an adjuvant for potentiating mucosal and systemic immune responses to liposomal C-GTF following i.n. immunization.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Female
- Glucosyltransferases/immunology
- Glucosyltransferases/metabolism
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lipid A/administration & dosage
- Lipid A/analogs & derivatives
- Lipid A/immunology
- Liposomes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Saliva/immunology
- Solubility
- Streptococcus mutans/enzymology
- Streptococcus mutans/immunology
- Vagina/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Childers
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007, USA.
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Kim CK, Jeong EJ, Kim MH. Comparison of in vivo fate and immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen incorporated in cationic and neutral liposomes. J Microencapsul 2000; 17:297-306. [PMID: 10819418 DOI: 10.1080/026520400288274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To compare cationic liposomes (CatL) and neutral liposomes (NeuL), as a vaccine carrier, the in vivo fate and immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), incorporated in CatL and NeuL, were investigated. CatL, composed of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and stearyl amine (SA) with a molar ratio of 9:1, showed a 2.5-fold higher incorporating efficiency of HBsAg than NeuL composed of PC alone. Most of HBsAg incorporated in both liposomes existed in an antibody-available form on the outer surface of liposomes. After intramuscular injection to rats, HBsAg in CatL resided at the injection site for a longer period than that in NeuL with terminal half lives of 52.5 and 42.9 h, respectively. However, HBsAg in NeuL was more efficiently taken up by the lymphatic organs and spleen than that in CatL. Furthermore, the group treated with HBsAg in NeuL showed earlier sero-conversion with higher anti-HBsAg titre than the group treated with HBsAg in CatL. Sero-conversion rates (SCRs) in both CatL- and NeuL-treated animals were 100% after every injection carried out, except the primary injection of CatL. These results demonstrate that CatL can enhance the retention of incorporated antigen at the injection site, compared with NeuL. However, the production of antibody by HBsAg in NeuL is more effective than that by HBsAg in CatL, probably due to the higher lymphatic targeting ability of NeuL. Thus, NeuL appears to be a better carrier for HBsAg than CatL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Ku, Korea.
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20
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Sachetelli S, Beaulac C, Riffon R, Lagacé J. Evaluation of the pulmonary and systemic immunogenicity of Fluidosomes, a fluid liposomal-tobramycin formulation for the treatment of chronic infections in lungs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1428:334-40. [PMID: 10434052 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have developed a fluid bactericidal liposomal formulation containing tobramycin, called Fluidosomes, which has been shown to be highly bactericidal both in in vitro and in in vivo studies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other related and unrelated bacteria. One foreseeable application of these Fluidosomes is the treatment of chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients colonized with P. aeruginosa and other related bacteria. Considering the capacity of some liposomal preparations to play an adjuvant role in vaccines, the non-immunogenicity of Fluidosomes has to be demonstrated. The systemic and local immunogenicity of Fluidosomes were assessed by effectuating repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intratracheal (i.t. ) immunizations in BALB/c mouse. No significant mucosal and serum immune responses against Fluidosomes and/or tobramycin were detected as compared with preimmune sera. These data suggest that Fluidosomes could be administered repeatedly without adverse immune responses to control chronic pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sachetelli
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Qué. H3C 3J7, Canada
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21
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Boeckler C, Dautel D, Schelté P, Frisch B, Wachsmann D, Klein JP, Schuber F. Design of highly immunogenic liposomal constructs combining structurally independent B cell and T helper cell peptide epitopes. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2297-308. [PMID: 10427993 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199907)29:07<2297::aid-immu2297>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have designed liposomal diepitope constructs that allow the physical combination, within the same vesicle, of B and Th epitopes as structurally separate entities. The immune response against such constructs was explored using TPEDPTDPTDPQDPSS (TPE), a B cell epitope originating from a Streptococcus mutans surface adhesin and QYIKANSKFIGITEL (QYI), a "universal" Th epitope from tetanus toxin. The two peptides were linked to the outer surface of small (diameter approximately 100 nm) unilamellar liposomes by covalent conjugation to two different anchors. To that end we have developed a strategy that allows the controlled chemical coupling of TPE and QYI, functionalized at their N terminus with a thiol, to preformed liposomes containing thiol-reactive derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine and the lipopeptide S-[2,3-bis (palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteinyl-alanyl-gly cine (Pam3CAG), respectively. This synthetic construct (administered i.p. to BALB/c mice) induced highly intense (titers > 20,000), anamnestic and long-lasting (over 2 years) immune responses, indicating that this strategy is successful. Two parameters were of prime importance to elicit this response with our liposomal diepitope constructs: (1) the simultaneous expression of B and Th epitopes on the same vesicle, and (2) the lipopeptide Pam3CAG anchor of the Th epitope QYI could not be replaced by a phosphatidylethanolamine anchor (a lesser immune response was observed). Analysis of the antibody response revealed a complex pattern; thus, besides the humoral response (production of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b) a superposition of a T-independent (TI-2 type) response was also found (IgM and IgG3). These results indicate that liposomal diepitope constructs could be attractive in the development of synthetic peptide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boeckler
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg-Illkirch, France
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22
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Immunization with peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0075-7535(08)70448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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23
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Interaction of a Multiple Antigenic Peptide of Hepatitis A Virus with Monolayers and Bilayers of Acidic, Basic, and Zwitterionic Phospholipids. J Colloid Interface Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1997.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Fernandes I, Frisch B, Muller S, Schuber F. Synthetic lipopeptides incorporated in liposomes: in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of murine splenocytes and in vivo induction of an immune response against a peptide antigen. Mol Immunol 1997; 34:569-76. [PMID: 9393959 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(97)00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic lipopeptides, such as Pam3CysAlaGly and Pam3CysSerSer, were synthesized and incorporated into liposomes, and their ability to induce the proliferation of BALB/c mouse splenocyte was tested in vitro. When compared to monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) the following potency order was found: liposomal lipopeptides > liposomal MPL > free (emulsified) lipopeptides. These results strongly depend on the size of the vesicles used: a mitogenic effect was observed only with lipopeptides incorporated within vesicles of diameter < or = 100 nm while lipopeptides in larger vesicles (diameter approximately 300 nm) gave no response. This may be related to the necessity for the liposome-associated lipopeptides to be endocytosed to reach putative intracellular targets. As immunoadjuvanticity seems to be linked to B-lymphocyte activation, the lipopeptides represent attractive alternatives to MPL for the realization of completely synthetic liposome-based peptide vaccine formulations. This was borne out by showing that Pam3CysAlaGly and Pam3CysSerSer, when incorporated in small unilamellar vesicles carrying a covalently conjugated synthetic peptide of sequence IRGERA, corresponding to an epitope of the C-terminal region of histone H3, were able to induce a potent and long-lasting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique (URA CNRS 1386), Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
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25
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Benkirane N, Guichard G, Briand JP, Muller S. Exploration of requirements for peptidomimetic immune recognition. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues of a histone hexapeptide. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:33218-24. [PMID: 8969178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.52.33218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of a series of very stable peptidomimetics of a model hexapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal residues 130-135 of histone H3. Five pseudopeptide analogues of the natural sequence IRGERA were synthesized by systematically replacing, in each analogue, one peptide bond at a time by a reduced peptide bond Psi(CH2-NH). Three important features of the resulting analogues were examined. First, the analogues were tested in a biosensor system for their ability to bind monoclonal antibodies generated against the parent natural peptide, and their kinetic rate constants were measured. The results show that reduced peptide bond analogues can very efficiently mimic the parent peptide. The position of reduced bonds which were deleterious for the binding was found to depend on the antibody tested, and one monoclonal antibody recognized all five analogues. The equilibrium affinity constant toward reduced peptide bond analogues of four antibodies of IgG1 isotype induced against the parent hexapeptide was higher (up to 670 times) with certain analogues than toward the homologous peptide. Second, immunogenic properties of the five analogues were studied, and it was found that polyclonal antibodies induced against analogues in which Psi(CH2-NH) bonds were introduced between residues 130-131, 131-132, and 132-133 (R1-R2, R2-R3, and R3-R4) cross-reacted strongly with the cognate protein H3. Third, we tested the protease resistance of analogues. Altogether, the results provide a strong support for the potent applicability of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptides as components of synthetic vaccines and open a new field for the development of immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Benkirane
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 9021 CNRS, 15, rue Descartes, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Boeckler C, Frisch B, Muller S, Schuber F. Immunogenicity of new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents used in the conjugation of synthetic peptides to liposomes. J Immunol Methods 1996; 191:1-10. [PMID: 8642195 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the immunogenicity of six thiol-reactive heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents that permit the conjugation of cysteine carrying peptides to the surface of liposome containing monophosphoryl lipid A. Such constructs elicit an immune response against short synthetic peptides and our aim was to find the least immunogenic linkers to limit potential carrier-induced epitopic suppression. For that purpose the properties of three new polyoxyethylene linkers of different lengths and thiol-reactive moieties (maleimide, bromoacetyl, dithiopyridine) were compared to known derivatives obtained by reacting the classical reagents SMPB and SPDP or N-succinimidyl bromoacetate with phosphatidylethanolamine. The least immunogenic linkers were the bromoacetate derivatives whereas those containing a maleimide group evoked a significant anti-linker immune response. In addition, using IRGERA as a model peptide, we found that all six liposomal constructs strongly elicited the production of anti-peptide IgG antibodies. This immune response was therefore independent of the length of the linkers (ranging between 0.3 and 1.6 nm) and of the nature of the linkage. between the peptide and the thiol-reactive moieties of the cross-linkers, i.e. stable thioether or bio-reducible disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boeckler
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, CNRS URA 1386, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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27
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Kanda P, Fritz DA, Gage DA, Shuler KR. Dependence of the murine antibody response to an anti-CDR2 VH peptide on immunogen formulation. Mol Immunol 1995; 32:1319-28. [PMID: 8643101 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A peptide corresponding to the second complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (CDR2 VH) from a murine anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, designated L202, was synthesized by solid phase methodology in a number of different antigenic forms, for the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of different adjuvant-carrier systems in the induction of a murine antibody response against the immunizing peptide and parent antibody molecule. Two of the synthetic constructs contained the palmitoyl and N-palmitoyl-cysteinyl-S-(2,3-palmitoyloxy)-propanediol (PAM3Cys) moieties, respectively, attached to the peptide amino terminus with the immunogen comprising liposomal formulations of each. A third immunogen consisted of the CDR2 VH peptide admixed with the PAM3Cys non-covalently and incorporated into liposomes (PAM3Cys + CDR2 VH). A fourth composition comprised the CDR2 VH peptide conjugated to KLH via the sulfhydryl of an added N terminal cysteine (KLH-CDR2 VH) and injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). A fifth immunogen consisted of the CDR2 VH peptide synthesized on an octameric, branched polylysine core as a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP-CDR2 VH) injected in the presence of Freund's adjuvant. Groups of five mice were injected intramuscularly with each of these immunogens and bled at two week intervals. The highest anti-peptide gamma-immunoglobulin (IgG) responses (against uncoupled peptide by ELISA) after 56 days were obtained with mice receiving the PAM3Cys-CDR2 VH peptide. However, when screened against the CDR2 V(H) peptide present as the MAP derivative by ELISA, IgG raised against the cognate MAP-CDR2 peptide was much more reactive than IgG raised against the liposomal PAM3Cys-CDR2 VH immunogen. In either case, IgG raised against the KLH-CDR2VH conjugate was poorly reactive. These differences in reactivity to the two forms of the CDR2 VH peptide by ELISA did not correspond to major differences in reactivities to the intact L202 Ab by ELISA. Although the IgG against the MAP immunogen was slightly more reactive than the other antisera against the l202 Ab, all titers were less than 1:100. These data illustrate some limitations of using anti-peptide responses as indicators of potential reactivity against the native protein, but suggest that alternate formulations including lipoidal peptides are more effective than corresponding KLH-peptide conjugates in eliciting Ab responses against poorly immunogenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kanda
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78228-0147, USA
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28
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Kersten GF, Crommelin DJ. Liposomes and ISCOMS as vaccine formulations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1241:117-38. [PMID: 7640293 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(95)00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G F Kersten
- Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Department of Product and Process Development, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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29
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Benkirane N, Guichard G, Van Regenmortel MH, Briand JP, Muller S. Cross-reactivity of antibodies to retro-inverso peptidomimetics with the parent protein histone H3 and chromatin core particle. Specificity and kinetic rate-constant measurements. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:11921-6. [PMID: 7744843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.20.11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies has been generated against an hexapeptide of sequence IRGERA corresponding to the C-terminal residues 130-135 of histone H3 and three analogues of this model peptide. The analogues correspond to the D-enatiomer, containing only D-residues, and two retro-peptides containing NH-CO bonds instead of natural amide peptide bonds. The chirality of each residue was maintained in the retro-peptide and inverted in the retro-inverso-peptide. Monoclonal antibodies were generated from mice immunized with the analogues coupled to neutral small unilamellar liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant. The reactivity of antibodies with the four analogues and with the parent protein H3 was studied in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in a biosensor system. The equilibrium affinity constant (Ka) toward the retro-inverso-peptide of two out of three antibodies of IgG1 isotype induced against the L-hexapeptide was 7-75-fold higher than toward the homologous L-peptide. The range of Ka values of four antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes generated against the retro-inverso-peptide was 0.6-1.9 x 10(9) M-1 for both the retro-inverso- and L-peptides. Furthermore, antibodies to the L- and retro-inverso-peptides cross-reacted strongly (in some cases better than with the homologous peptide) with the parent histone H3 and with chromatin subunits containing H3. The results are thus promising in respect to the potential use of retro-inverso-analogues, which are particularly stable, in the design of much more potent synthetic vaccines or to generate antibody probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Benkirane
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 9021 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Kossovsky N, Gelman A, Sponsler E, Rajguru S, Torres M, Mena E, Ly K, Festekjian A. Preservation of surface-dependent properties of viral antigens following immobilization on particulate ceramic delivery vehicles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1995; 29:561-73. [PMID: 7622541 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820290503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
B-cell stimulation for the purpose of evoking an effective neutralizing humoral immune response is a surface phenomenon that is exquisitely specific to antigen conformation. Consequently, successful delivery of antigen, such as would be desired in a vaccine, entails preservation of an antigen's apparent native surface (conformational) properties. Prior to testing the actual vaccinating efficacy of delivered antigens, the surface properties could be assessed through a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays in which the measurement standard would be the properties of the antigens in their native state (whole virus). Using surface modified nanocrystalline carbon and calcium-phosphate ceramic particulates (carbon ceramics and brushite), we evaluated the surface activity of immobilized non-nuclear material extracted from HIV-1. Physical characterization showed that the particles with immobilized antigen ("HIV decoys") measured 50 nm in diameter (HIV = 50-100 nm) and exhibited the same zeta potentials as whole (live) HIV. In vitro testing showed that the HIV decoys were recognized by both conformationally nonspecific and specific monoclonal antibodies, were recognized by human IgG from HIV antibody-positive patients, and could promote surface agglomeration among malignant T-cells similar to live HIV. Last, in vivo testing in three vaccinated animal species showed that the HIV decoys elicited humoral and cellular immune responses similar to that evoked by whole (live) HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kossovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024-1732, USA
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Abstract
Liposomes are considered prime candidates to improve the immunogenicity of both antigens with hydrophobic anchor sequences and soluble, nonmembrane proteins or synthetic peptides. During the 20 years since liposomes were first demonstrated to have adjuvant potential, studies have shown that variation in liposomal size, lipid composition, surface charge, membrane fluidity, lipid-protein composition, anchor molecules, and fusogenicity can significantly influence results. In addition, antigen location (e.g., whether it is adsorbed or covalently coupled to the liposome surface or encapsulated in liposomal aqueous compartments) may also be important. Analysis of these variables as well as a comparison of the various techniques used to ensure the efficacy, stability, homogeneity, and safety of liposomal vaccine have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glück
- Department of Virology, Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pietrobon
- Connaught Laboratories, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania 18370, USA
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Toyokuni T, Hakomori S, Singhal AK. Synthetic carbohydrate vaccines: synthesis and immunogenicity of Tn antigen conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:1119-32. [PMID: 7757411 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, Tn antigen (GalNAc alpha 1-->O-Ser), was synthesized with a spacer arm, and assembled to dimeric and trimeric structures using N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine as a key building block. The synthetic antigens were conjugated with OSA and their immunogenicity examined in mice. Mice immunized with dimeric or trimeric Tn antigen showed a stronger antibody (IgM) response to a Tn-glycoprotein (asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin) than mice immunized with monomeric Tn antigen. The dimeric and trimeric Tn antigens also induced measurable IgG responses. The dimeric Tn antigen was further coupled to a Starburst dendrimer (5th generation) and to tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteinyl-serine, a synthetic lipopeptide of the active moiety of a major lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. Unexpectedly, the Starburst dendrimer conjugate did not stimulate any immune response specific to Tn antigen. On the other hand, immunization of mice with the lipopeptide conjugate produced not only a high IgM response but also significant IgG anti-Tn response without any carrier molecules or additional adjuvants. The production of IgG antibody is quite significant since carbohydrate antigens are in general known to produce only IgM antibody response. Being a totally synthetic, low-molecular weight, and carrier-free immunogen, the lipopeptide conjugate could be a prototype of synthetic carbohydrate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toyokuni
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA
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35
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Guichard G, Benkirane N, Zeder-Lutz G, van Regenmortel MH, Briand JP, Muller S. Antigenic mimicry of natural L-peptides with retro-inverso-peptidomimetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:9765-9. [PMID: 7937888 PMCID: PMC44897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three analogues of the model peptide of sequence IRGERA corresponding to the COOH-terminal residues 130-135 of histone H3 were synthesized, and their antigenicity, immunogenicity, and resistance to trypsin were compared to those of the natural L-peptide. The three analogues correspond to the D-enantiomer, containing only D-residues, and two retro-peptides containing NH-CO bonds instead of natural peptide bonds. The chirality of each residue was maintained in the retro-peptide and inverted in the retro-inverso-peptide. Antibodies to the four peptide analogues were produced by injecting BALB/c mice with peptides covalently coupled to small unilamellar liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A. Each of the four peptide analogues induced IgG antibodies of various subclasses. The IgG3 antibodies reacted similarly with the four analogues, whereas antibodies of the IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes showed strong conformational preferences for certain peptides. The retro-inverso-peptide IRGERA mimicked the structure and antigenic activity of the natural L-peptide but not of the D- and retro-peptides, whereas the retro-peptide IRGERA mimicked the D-peptide but not the L- and retro-inverso-peptides. The equilibrium affinity constants (Ka) of three monoclonal antibodies generated against the L- and D-peptides with respect to the four peptide analogues were measured in a biosensor system. Large differences in Ka values were observed when each monoclonal antibody was tested with respect to the four peptides. The use of retro-inverso-peptides to replace natural L-peptides is likely to find many applications in immunodiagnosis and as potential synthetic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guichard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Propre de Recherche 9021, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
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36
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 1994. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049409040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Benkirane N, Friede M, Guichard G, Briand JP, Van Regenmortel MH, Muller S. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of modified synthetic peptides containing D-amino acid residues. Antibodies to a D-enantiomer do recognize the parent L-hexapeptide and reciprocally. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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