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Kupfer TR, Gul P. Ideological Mate-guarding: Sexual Jealousy and Mating Strategy Predict Support for Female Honor. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 21:14747049231200641. [PMID: 37807817 PMCID: PMC10563489 DOI: 10.1177/14747049231200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feminine honor dictates that women should cultivate a reputation for sexual purity via behaviors such as dressing modestly and maintaining virginity before marriage. The dominant explanation for people's support for feminine honor is that female infidelity threatens male partners' honor. Beyond this, the literature affords little understanding of the evolutionary and psychological origins of feminine honor. We propose that feminine honor functions as an ideological form of mate guarding that is shaped by sexual jealousy and mating strategy. Two correlational studies (N = 892) revealed support for predictions derived from this ideological mate-guarding account. In Study 1, dispositional jealousy and mating strategy (more monogamous orientation) predicted male participants' support for a mate's (especially a long-term mate's) feminine honor. Moving beyond mate preferences, in Study 2 male and female participants' dispositional jealousy and mating strategy predicted support for feminine honor of women in general. Results applied beyond masculine honor norms, religiosity, political conservativism, and age. These findings enhance the understanding of the origins and maintenance of feminine honor and related norms and ideologies that enable control over women's socio-sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom R. Kupfer
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pelin Gul
- Department of Sustainable Health, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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2
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Tu M, Guo Y, Zhang X, Yu Q. More Similar to My Father, Better Academic Performance I Will Have: The Role of Caring Parenting Style. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1379-1388. [PMID: 34512048 PMCID: PMC8423715 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s314238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parent-child facial resemblance, as an important cue of paternal uncertainty, may impact fathers’ parenting behaviors and further affect children’s academic performance. However, mothers are almost 100% confident of the blood relationship with their child and care less about the facial resemblance cues. Methods To test these hypotheses, the present study recruited 122 junior high school students and measured the perceived facial resemblance with their parents, the parents’ parenting style, academic performance, and demographic variables. Results The results showed that the perceived father-child facial resemblance rather than the mother-child facial resemblance significantly influenced adolescents’ academic performance. Further, fathers’ caring parenting style mediated the relationship between the perceived father-child facial resemblance and academic performance. Conclusion These findings not only supported the paternal uncertainty hypothesis but also extended the parental investment theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Tu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Xincai Zhang
- Fuyang City No.11 Middle School, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlei Yu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Enigk DK, Emery Thompson M, Machanda ZP, Wrangham RW, Muller MN. Female-directed aggression by adolescent male chimpanzees primarily constitutes dominance striving, not sexual coercion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:66-79. [PMID: 33938563 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are notable for exhibiting high levels of male-to-female aggression. Much of this aggression from adult males serves sexually coercive functions. Despite being smaller and lower-ranking than adult males, adolescent males also engage in regular aggression against adult females. Here, we test whether the primary function of this aggression is sexual coercion, as in adult males, or, alternatively, whether adolescent males use aggression to establish social dominance over females. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 1771 copulations and 1812 instances of male-initiated aggression between adolescent males (aged nine through 14 years) and adult females across 21 years of observation of the Kanyawara chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda. RESULTS Our test of the sexual coercion hypothesis revealed that adolescent males did not selectively target cycling females for aggression, nor did aggression against cycling females predict rates of copulation with those females. Our test of the social dominance hypothesis showed that males succeeded in dominating all adult females before, or soon after, dominating their first adult male. Additionally, we found that adolescent males dominated females approximately in the order of the females' own ranks, from the bottom to the top of the female hierarchy. DISCUSSION Our data illustrate that the establishment of social dominance was more important than sexual coercion in explaining patterns of adolescent male aggression toward females. In comparison, evidence for sexual coercion was clear and compelling in adult males. These findings highlight that the primary function of male-to-female aggression differs between adolescent and adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew K Enigk
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Zarin P Machanda
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda.,Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | - Richard W Wrangham
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin N Muller
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
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4
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Goetz CD, Pillsworth EG, Buss DM, Conroy-Beam D. Evolutionary Mismatch in Mating. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2709. [PMID: 31866904 PMCID: PMC6904347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary mismatch concepts are being fruitfully employed in a number of research domains, including medicine, health, and human cognition and behavior to generate novel hypotheses and better understand existing findings. We contend that research on human mating will benefit from explicitly addressing both the evolutionary mismatch of the people we study and the evolutionary mismatch of people conducting the research. We identified nine mismatch characteristics important to the study of human mating and reviewed the literature related to each of these characteristics. Many of the people we study are: exposed to social media, in temporary relationships, relocatable, autonomous in their mating decisions, nulliparous, in groups that are socially segmented, in an educational setting, confronted with lots of options, and young. We applied mismatch concepts to each characteristic to illustrate the importance of incorporating mismatch into this research area. Our aim in this paper is not to identify all potential mismatch effects in mating research, nor to challenge or disqualify existing data. Rather, we demonstrate principled ways of thinking about evolutionary mismatch in order to propel progress in mating research. We show how attending to the potential effects of mismatch can help us refine our theoretical and methodological approaches and deepen our understanding of existing patterns in the empirical record. We conclude with specific recommendations about how to include consideration of evolutionary mismatch into research on human mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari D. Goetz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Pillsworth
- Division of Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology Program, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - David M. Buss
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Conroy-Beam
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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5
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King SL, Allen SJ, Krützen M, Connor RC. Vocal behaviour of allied male dolphins during cooperative mate guarding. Anim Cogn 2019; 22:991-1000. [PMID: 31317352 PMCID: PMC6834747 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coercive mate guarding, where males use aggression to control female movements, is a form of sexual coercion which functions to constrain female mate choice. Non-human primates, for example, herd females to keep them away from competing males, but male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) also herd females to keep them close to their alliance partners. Indeed, pairs and trios of male dolphins work together to sequester single estrus females and defend them from competing alliances. Yet how males facilitate such coordination remains unknown. Here, we investigate the vocal behaviour of allied male bottlenose dolphins during the herding of individual females, examining how the production of whistles and ‘pops’ (a threat vocalisation) varied with behavioural state and inter-animal distances. Allied males produced both whistles and pops significantly more often and at higher rates during social interactions, though they differed in function. Whistle rates increased significantly when new individuals joined the consorting group, consistent with previous work showing that whistles are part of a greeting sequence for this species. Whistle matching also appeared to play a role in within-alliance coordination. Pop vocalisations increased significantly when the nearest male to the female changed, likely inducing the female to remain close as the males coordinate a guard switch. Building upon prior research examining female movements in response to pops, we show that males approach the female and current guard whilst popping, leading to a guard switch. Our results provide new insights into the use of vocal signals during cooperative mate guarding between allied male dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L King
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Simon J Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Krützen
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Richard C Connor
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
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6
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Yu Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Jin S, Chen J. Who Gains More? The Relationship Between Parenthood and Well-Being. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 17:1474704919860467. [PMID: 31319720 PMCID: PMC10481117 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919860467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to explore the effect of parental sex on well-being due to parenthood. Study 1 analyzed the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data. The results indicated that parents were happier than their respective childless peers. However, the effect of motherhood was significantly higher than that of fatherhood. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed the data from 354 single-child parents in China. The results showed that perceived parent-child facial resemblance moderated the sex difference in well-being. Specifically, in the high parent-child facial resemblance group, both fathers and mothers showed high levels of well-being; however, in the low parent-child facial resemblance group, the well-being level of mothers was higher than fathers. These results supported the renovated pyramid of needs and the hypothesis of paternal uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Yu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics in China, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State in USA, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, school of health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Department of Teaching and Learning, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Entrepreneurship and Management, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Jin
- Institute of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Fuzhou University, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Marital violence and fertility in a relatively egalitarian high-fertility population. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 2:565-572. [PMID: 31058232 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France. .,Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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8
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Yu Q, Guo Y, Zhang L, Chen J, Du X, Wei X, Zhou Z, Liu S, Gao X. The More Similar, the Healthier: The Effect of Perceived Parent-Child Facial Resemblance on Parental Physical Health. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2739. [PMID: 30687190 PMCID: PMC6338254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-child facial resemblance (PCFR) is one of the direct cues used to assess the genetic relationship between two individuals. Due to the inner fertilization of humans, fathers are liable to suffer from paternal uncertainty. When a father perceives low father-child facial resemblance, he would become anxious, which is detrimental to his immune system and physical health. For a mother, however, she can assure her genetic relationship to her children and does not need any external cues to verify her maternity. Thus, the mother-child facial resemblance does not influence the mothers' physical health. To test these hypotheses, we examined the moderating effect of parental gender and the mediating effect of trait anxiety on the relationship between PCFR and physical health of parents. The results showed that fathers' PCFR positively predicted their physical health, whereas the mothers' PCFR failed to show any predicting effect on mothers' physical health. Furthermore, trait anxiety mediated the relationship between fathers' PCFR and their physical health. The implications for paternal uncertainty, gender difference, and public policy were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of the Ministry of Education and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Entrepreneurship and Management, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Graduate School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Du
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Wei
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of the Ministry of Education and School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Gao
- Beijing Changping District Huilongguan Central Primary School, Beijing, China
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9
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Hawkes K, O'Connell J, Blurton Jones N. Hunter-gatherer studies and human evolution: A very selective review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:777-800. [PMID: 29574845 PMCID: PMC5875731 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The century long publication of this journal overlapped major changes in the sciences it covers. We have been eyewitnesses to vast changes during the final third of the last century and beginning of this one, momentous enough to fundamentally alter our work separately and collectively. One (NBJ) from animal ethology, another from western North American archaeology (JOC), and a third (KH) from cultural anthropology came to longtime collaboration as evolutionary ecologists with shared focus on studying modern hunter-gatherers to guide hypotheses about human evolution. Our findings have radically revised hypotheses each of us took for granted when we began. Our (provisional) conclusions are not the consensus among hunter-gatherer specialists; but grateful that personal reflections are invited, we aim to explain how and why we continue to bet on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Hawkes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James O'Connell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nicholas Blurton Jones
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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10
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11
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Stieglitz J, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Hopfensitz A. Why household inefficiency? An experimental approach to assess spousal resource distribution preferences in a subsistence population undergoing socioeconomic change. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Confrontational assessment in the roving male promiscuity mating system of the Bornean orangutan. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Danel DP, Siennicka A, Glińska K, Fedurek P, Nowak-Szczepańska N, Jankowska EA, Pawłowski B, Lewandowski Z. Female perception of a partner's mate value discrepancy and controlling behaviour in romantic relationships. Acta Ethol 2016; 20:1-8. [PMID: 28163363 PMCID: PMC5243905 DOI: 10.1007/s10211-016-0240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mate value discrepancy (MVD) between heterosexual partners is an important factor influencing relationship satisfaction which, in turn, has an effect on the quality and the stability of the relationship. Therefore, partners' involvement in mate retention behaviours, such as controlling behaviours, can be related to MVD and our study aims to determine whether such an association exists. In order to do so, we analysed female perception of MVD and their opinion regarding the intensity of controlling behaviours performed by themselves as well as their romantic partners. Female perception of the intensity of controlling behaviours performed by both partners was the highest in couples where a woman assesses her own mate value (MV) as higher than her partner's MV and significantly different than in relationships where male MV exceeded those of the female. Our study also indicates that MVD should be taken into account when analysing sex differences in intensities of mate retention behaviours. Finally, we provide evidence supporting the significance of the relationship length for controlling behaviour intensity. Findings are discussed within an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz P. Danel
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siennicka
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. T. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Glińska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fedurek
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Roehampton Lane, London, UK
| | - Natalia Nowak-Szczepańska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa A. Jankowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Kuznicza 35, 50-138 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Lewandowski
- Department of Human Biology, Chair of Physiotherapy Foundations, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Voracek M. Marital Status as a Candidate Moderator Variable of Male–Female Differences in Sexual Jealousy: The Need for Representative Population Samples. Psychol Rep 2016; 88:553-66. [PMID: 11351906 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary psychological theories predict pronounced and universal male–female differences in sexual jealousy. Recent cross-cultural research, using the forced-choice jealousy items pioneered by Buss, et al., 1992, repeatedly found a large sex differential on these self-report measures: men significantly more often than women choose their mate's imagined sexual infidelity to be more distressing or upsetting to them than an imagined emotional infidelity. However, this body of evidence is solely based on undergraduate samples and does not take into account demographic factors. This study examined male–female differences in sexual jealousy in a community sample ( N = 335, Eastern Austria). Within a logistic regression model, with other variables controlled for, marital status was a stronger predictor for sexual jealousy than respondents' sex. Contrary to previous research, the sex differential's effect size was only modest. These findings stress the pitfalls of prematurely generalizing evidence from undergraduate samples to the general population and the need for representative population samples in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Voracek
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, University of Vienna Medical School, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Yu Q, Zhang Q, Chen J, Jin S, Qiao Y, Cai W. The Effect of Perceived Parent-Child Facial Resemblance on Parents' Trait Anxiety: The Moderating Effect of Parents' Gender. Front Psychol 2016; 7:658. [PMID: 27199876 PMCID: PMC4855035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Father–child facial resemblance is an important cue for men to evaluate paternity. Previous studies found that fathers’ perceptions of low facial resemblance with offspring lead to low confidence of paternity. Fathers’ uncertainty of paternity could cause psychological stress and anxiety, which, after a long time, may further turn into trait anxiety. Conversely, females can ensure a biological connection with offspring because of internal fertilization. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the role of parents’ gender in the effect of parents’ perceived facial resemblance with child on their trait anxiety. In this study, 151 parents (father or mother) from one-child families reported their facial resemblance with child and their trait anxiety. Results showed that (i) males tended to perceive higher facial similarity with child than did females and (ii) males’ perceived facial resemblance with child significantly predicted trait anxiety, whereas females’ perceived facial resemblance did not. These findings suggested that the uncertainty of paternity contributed to the trait anxiety of fathers, but not mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Yu
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Department of Teaching and Learning School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghua Jin
- Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Shaanxi Normal University Linfen, China
| | - Weiting Cai
- Kindergarten of Beijing Military Region Beijing, China
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16
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Anderson KG. Father Absence, Childhood Stress, and Reproductive Maturation in South Africa. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2015; 26:401-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-015-9243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Cousins AJ, Fugère MA, Riggs ML. Resistance to Mate Guarding Scale in Women: Psychometric Properties. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/147470491501300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One individual's actions may affect the evolutionary fitness of another individual. Sexually antagonistic coevolution occurs when one partner's behavior decreases the fitness of the other partner ( Rice, 1996 ). This conflict pressures the other partner to counter these disadvantageous actions. Mate guarding is a mate retention tactic aimed at keeping a partner from cheating. Mate guarding may reduce mate choice, especially for extra pair mates. Therefore, some individuals may resist their partner's mate guarding tactics. We developed a scale to measure resistance to mate guarding and tested it in women ( N = 1069). Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), six theoretically sound factors emerged and explained 69% of the variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed strong support for the six original subscales as well as for the overall scale. The subscales had high reliability. The validity of the Resistance to Mate Guarding Scale was also excellent. Women who stated they used more resistance to mate guarding strategies also indicated that they had partners who mate guarded more, were less invested in their relationships, felt their partners were more controlling, had a more avoidant attachment style, and had a more unrestricted sociosexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alita J. Cousins
- Psychology Department, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Madeleine A. Fugère
- Psychology Department, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Matthew L. Riggs
- Department of Psychology, California State University–San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
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18
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Dillon L, Nowak N, Shattuck K, Weisfeld G, Weisfeld C, Imamoğlu E, Butovskaya M, Jiliang S. When the cat’s away, the spouse will play: A cross-cultural examination of mate guarding in married couples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jep-d-13-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leivers S, Rhodes G, Simmons LW. Sperm competition in humans: mate guarding behavior negatively correlates with ejaculate quality. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108099. [PMID: 25250582 PMCID: PMC4176016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In species where females mate with multiple males, the sperm from these males must compete to fertilise available ova. Sexual selection from sperm competition is expected to favor opposing adaptations in males that function either in the avoidance of sperm competition (by guarding females from rival males) or in the engagement in sperm competition (by increased expenditure on the ejaculate). The extent to which males may adjust the relative use of these opposing tactics has been relatively neglected. Where males can successfully avoid sperm competition from rivals, one might expect a decrease in their expenditure on tactics for the engagement in sperm competition and vice versa. In this study, we examine the relationship between mate guarding and ejaculate quality using humans as an empirical model. We found that men who performed fewer mate guarding behaviors produced higher quality ejaculates, having a greater concentration of sperm, a higher percentage of motile sperm and sperm that swam faster and less erratically. These effects were found independent of lifestyle factors or factors related to male quality. Our findings suggest that male expenditure on mate guarding and on the ejaculate may represent alternative routes to paternity assurance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Leivers
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology & School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gillian Rhodes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology & School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Sheppard P, Garcia JR, Sear R. A not-so-grim tale: how childhood family structure influences reproductive and risk-taking outcomes in a historical U.S. Population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89539. [PMID: 24599234 PMCID: PMC3943735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood family structure has been shown to play an important role in shaping a child's life course development, especially in industrialised societies. One hypothesis which could explain such findings is that parental investment is likely to be diluted in families without both natural parents. Most empirical studies have examined the influence of only one type of family disruption or composition (e.g. father absence) making it difficult to simultaneously compare the effects of different kinds of family structure on children's future outcomes. Here we use a large, rich data source (n = 16,207) collected by Alfred Kinsey and colleagues in the United States from 1938 to 1963, to examine the effects of particular childhood family compositions and compare between them. The dataset further allows us to look at the effects of family structure on an array of traits relating to sexual maturity, reproduction, and risk-taking. Our results show that, for both sexes, living with a single mother or mother and stepfather during childhood was often associated with faster progression to life history events and greater propensity for risk-taking behaviours. However, living with a single father or father and stepmother was typically not significantly different to having both natural parents for these outcomes. Our results withstand adjustment for socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, age at puberty (where applicable), and sibling configuration. While these results support the hypothesis that early family environment influences subsequent reproductive strategy, the different responses to the presence or absence of different parental figures in the household rearing environment suggests that particular family constructions exert independent influences on childhood outcomes. Our results suggest that father-absent households (i.e. single mothers or mothers and stepfathers) are most highly associated with subsequent fast life history progressions, compared with mother-absent households, and those with two natural parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sheppard
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin R. Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sear
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
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Arnocky S, Ribout A, Mirza R, Knack J. Perceived mate availability influences intrasexual competition, jealousy and mate-guarding behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jep.12.2014.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leivers S, Simmons LW. Human Sperm Competition. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800286-5.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Strassmann BI. The function of menstrual taboos among the dogon : Defense against Cuckoldry? HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2013; 3:89-131. [PMID: 24222401 DOI: 10.1007/bf02692249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1991] [Accepted: 10/22/1991] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual taboos are nearly ubiquitous and assume parallel forms in geographically distant populations, yet their function has baffled researchers for decades. This paper proposes that menstrual taboos are anticuckoldry tactics. By signaling menstruation, they may advertise female reproductive status to husbands, affines, and other observers. Females may therefore have difficulty in obfuscating the timing of the onset of pregnancy. This may have three consequences: (a) males are better able to assess their probabilities of paternity and to direct their parental investment toward genetic offspring; (b) adulterous pregnancies are more easily detected and penalized, enhancing sexual fidelity; and (c) males avoid marrying pregnant females by relying on menstruation as evidence of nonpregnancy. This hypothesis is tested with 29 months of field data on menstrual taboos among the Dogon of Mali. Key results include the following: (a) cuckoldry is a major Dogon concern, (b) menstrual huts advertise female reproductive status, (c) husbands impose the taboos upon their wives, (d) female defiance of the taboos is undetectable and probably rare, and (e) informants think that the taboos help husbands and patrilineages to avoid cuckoldry. Thus the anti-cuckoldry hypothesis provides helpful insight into the menstrual taboos of the Dogon and should be tested among other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Strassmann
- Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Bldg., 11th Floor, 48109-0404, Ann Arbor, MI
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Stewart-Williams S, Thomas AG. The Ape That Thought It Was a Peacock: Does Evolutionary Psychology Exaggerate Human Sex Differences? PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2013.804899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Monogamy has a fixation advantage based on fitness variance in an ideal promiscuity group. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:2676-91. [PMID: 23054665 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We consider an ideal promiscuity group of females, which implies that all males have the same average mating success. If females have concealed ovulation, then the males' paternity chances are equal. We find that male-based monogamy will be fixed in females' promiscuity group when the stochastic Darwinian selection is described by a Markov chain.We point out that in huge populations the relative advantage (difference between average fitness of different strategies) determines primarily the end of evolution; in the case of neutrality (means are equal) the smallest variance guarantees fixation (absorption) advantage; when the means and variances are the same, then the higher third moment determines which types will be fixed in the Markov chains.
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Stieglitz J, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Winking J. Infidelity, jealousy, and wife abuse among Tsimane forager-farmers: Testing evolutionary hypotheses of marital conflict. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2012; 33:438-448. [PMID: 23459748 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stieglitz
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Female mobility and postmarital kin access in a patrilocal society. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 22:377-93. [PMID: 22388944 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Across a wide variety of cultural settings, kin have been shown to play an important role in promoting women's reproductive success. Patrilocal postmarital residence is a potential hindrance to maintaining these support networks, raising the question: how do women preserve and foster relationships with their natal kin when propinquity is disrupted? Using census and interview data from the Himba, a group of semi-nomadic African pastoralists, I first show that although women have reduced kin propinquity after marriage, more than half of married women are visiting with their kin at a given time. Mobility recall data further show that married women travel more than unmarried women, and that women consistently return to stay with kin around the time of giving birth. Divorce and death of a spouse also trigger a return to living with kin, leading to a cumulative pattern of kin coresidence across the lifespan. These data suggest that patrilocality may be less of a constraint on female kin support than has been previously assumed.
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Cobey KD, Buunk AP, Roberts SC, Klipping C, Appels N, Zimmerman Y, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Pollet TV. Reported jealousy differs as a function of menstrual cycle stage and contraceptive pill use: a within-subjects investigation. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Plavcan JM. Sexual Size Dimorphism, Canine Dimorphism, and Male-Male Competition in Primates. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2012; 23:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-012-9130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractDarwin, Sex and Statusargues that a human sociobiology that mistakes evolutionary theory for theories of psychology and culture is wrong, as are psychologies that could never have evolved or social sciences that posit impossible psychologies. Status develops theories of human self-awareness, cognition, and cultural capacity that are compatible with evolutionary theory. Recurring themes include: the importance of sexual selection in human evolution; our species' preoccupation with self-esteem and relative standing; the individual as an active strategist, regularly revising culturally provided information; and awareness as an impressionmanagement device. Culture is a somewhat structured information pool that itself evolves, often in ways that reduce the genetic fitness of its participants.
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Abstract
AbstractPsychological adaptation underlies all human behavior. Thus, sexual coercion by men could either arise from a rape-specific psychological adaptation or it could be a side-effect of a more general psychological adaptation not directly related to rape. Determining the specific environmental cues that men's brains have been designed by selection to process may help us decide which these rival explanations is correct. We examine six testable predictions against existing data: (1) Both coercive and noncoercive will be associated with high levels of sexual arousal and performance in men. (2) Achieving physical control of a sexually unwilling woman will be sexually arousing to men. (3) Young men will be more sexually coercive than older men. (4) Men of low socioeconomic status will likewise be more sexually coercive. (5) A man's motivation to use sexual coercion will be influenced by its effects on social image. (6) Even in long-term relationships men will be motivated to use coercion when their mates show a lack of interest in resistance to sex because these are interpreted as signs of sexual infidelity. Current data support all six predictions and are hence consistent with the rape-specific hypothesis, but this does not eliminate the side-effect hypothesis, which is likewise compatible with the findings, as well as with the further evidence that forced matings increased the fitness of ancestral males during human evolution. We suggest some research that may help decide between the two hypotheses.
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Evolution and laboratory research on men's sexual arousal: What do the data show and how can we explain them? Behav Brain Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00069314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shackelford TK, Weekes-Shackelford VA, Schmitt DP. An Evolutionary Perspective on Why Some Men Refuse or Reduce Their Child Support Payments. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1207/s15324834basp2704_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Michalski RL, Shackelford TK. Evolutionary personality psychology: Reconciling human nature and individual differences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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