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Burke S. Hypoxia, NSAIDs, and autism: A biocultural analysis of stressors in gametogenesis. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24042. [PMID: 38282542 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural and generational trends have increasingly favored "anti-inflammatory" action, innovating a new class of analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the 20th century. The modern human body has been molded over evolutionary time and while acknowledging inflammation can be pathologically entwined, it also serves an important role in healthy folliculogenesis and ovulation, shaping cues that drive needed vascular change. This review argues that because of anti-inflammatory action, the cultural invention of NSAIDs represents a particular stressor on female reproductive-age bodies, interacting with natural, underlying variation and placing limits on healthy growth and development in the follicles, creating potential autism risk through hypoxia and mutagenic or epigenetic effects. Since testes are analogs to ovaries, the biological grounding extends naturally to spermatogenesis. This review suggests the introduction of over-the-counter NSAIDs in the 1980s failed to recognize the unique functioning of reproductive-age bodies, challenging the cyclical inflammation needed for healthy gamete development. NSAIDs are framed as one (notable) stressor in an anti-inflammatory era focused on taming the risks of inflammation in modern human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Burke
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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2
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Bernstein LR, Mackenzie ACL, Kraemer DC, Chaffin CL, Merchanthaler I. Reply: The FSH OoToxicity (FOOT) hypothesis and the 2-Hit hypothesis-new hypotheses that are different from the hypotheses of Buratini et al. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad044. [PMID: 38123509 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Bernstein
- Pregmama LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Amelia C L Mackenzie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Duane C Kraemer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Charles L Chaffin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Istvan Merchanthaler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Ye X, Peng T, Chen Z, Liao C, Li X, Lan Y, Fu X, An G. Semen parameters' mediation effect on the association between advanced paternal age and IVF clinical outcomes: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. Maturitas 2023; 173:20-27. [PMID: 37182387 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mediation between advanced paternal age and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in a female-adjusted cohort. METHODS The study retrospectively included couples undergoing IVF cycles between 2011 and 2020, and whose female partner was free of medical conditions that would significantly worsen clinical outcomes. Data on patient medical conditions, clinical data, and follow-up information were collected. Causal mediation effect analysis adopting both linear/logistic regression and mixed-effects models was carried out to evaluate the effect of paternal age on the outcomes. RESULTS 21,959 IVF cycles were included in the study. Semen volume, sperm motility and sperm morphology were significantly associated (P value <0.05) with paternal age. A lower fertilization rate was associated with increased paternal age after adjustment for maternal age (adjusted OR = 0.800; 95 % CI, 0.678, 0.943; P value = 0.008). Mediation analysis revealed that A-level sperm rate and progressive rate respectively mediated 37.0 % and 41.0 % of the association between paternal age and fertilization rate. CONCLUSION Sperm motility rate, especially A-level sperm rate and rapid progressive rate, mediated the association between advanced paternal age and lower fertilization rate in the cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Batinović E, Papazovska Cherepnalkovski A, Lozić B, Brajković L, Zanchi I, Pavlov V, Bucat M. First Croatian Case of Double Aneuploidy: A Child With Klinefelter and Edwards Syndrome (48,XXY,+18) - Possible Causes and Contributing Factors. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRALOVE) 2023; 66:32-36. [PMID: 37384808 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of double aneuploidy in a preterm male newborn with karyotype 48,XXY,+18 whose mother was of advanced age and infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the early stages of her pregnancy. The clinical features observed in the newborn included intrauterine growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, overlapping fingers on both hands, respiratory distress syndrome, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and bilateral clubfoot, a phenotype that mainly correlates with Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of double aneuploidy in Croatia. This paper provides a detailed description of the clinical presentation and treatment strategies used, with the aim of providing valuable data for future recognition and management of similar cases. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of nondisjunction that might account for this rare form of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Batinović
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia.
| | - Anet Papazovska Cherepnalkovski
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
- University of Split, University Department of Health Studies, Split, Croatia
| | - Bernarda Lozić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
- University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Luka Brajković
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Zanchi
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Pavlov
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Bucat
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
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5
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Stolzenbach V, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Non-neutral clonal selection and its potential role in mammalian germline stem cell dysfunction with advancing age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942652. [PMID: 36081905 PMCID: PMC9445274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of natural selection, or "survival of the fittest", refers to an evolutionary process in nature whereby traits emerge in individuals of a population through random gene alterations that enable those individuals to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. This genetic variance allows certain members of the population to gain an advantage over others in the same population to survive and reproduce in greater numbers under new environmental pressures, with the perpetuation of those advantageous traits in future progeny. Here we present that the behavior of adult stem cells in a tissue over time can, in many respects, be viewed in the same manner as evolution, with each stem cell clone being representative of an individual within a population. As stem cells divide or are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage over the lifespan of the organism, random genetic alterations are introduced into each clone that create variance in the population. These changes may occur in parallel to, or in response to, aging-associated changes in microenvironmental cues perceived by the stem cell population. While many of these alterations will be neutral or silent in terms of affecting cell function, a small fraction of these changes will enable certain clones to respond differently to shifts in microenvironmental conditions that arise with advancing age. In some cases, the same advantageous genetic changes that support survival and expansion of certain clones over others in the population (viz. non-neutral competition) could be detrimental to the downstream function of the differentiated stem cell descendants. In the context of the germline, such a situation would be devastating to successful propagation of the species across generations. However, even within a single generation, the “evolution” of stem cell lineages in the body over time can manifest into aging-related organ dysfunction and failure, as well as lead to chronic inflammation, hyperplasia, and cancer. Increased research efforts to evaluate stem cells within a population as individual entities will improve our understanding of how organisms age and how certain diseases develop, which in turn may open new opportunities for clinical detection and management of diverse pathologies.
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Role of Adenotonsillectomy and Tonsillectomy in Children with Down Syndrome Who Develop Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Obesity as a Risk Factor. Int J Pediatr 2022; 2022:8074094. [PMID: 35574039 PMCID: PMC9106504 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8074094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is caused due to the presence of additional chromosome 21 in humans. DS can exist either as free trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), Robertsonian translocated DS, or as mosaic DS. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex condition with serious health implications for pediatric individuals with DS. OSA is common in DS, and when it is present, it appears to be extreme. Obesity and snoring are some of the OSA risk factors for children associated with DS and OSA. Adenotonsillectomy is one of the surgical protocols applied in children, which is useful in lowering the OSA in which obesity is commonly connected within normal and DS children. Tonsillectomy is the alternative procedure of surgery connected with postoperative respiratory complications, and adenotonsillectomy was found to be a safe surgical method in children and improves the quality of life. The main aim of this review is to bridge the gap between the role of OSA in normal children (46, XX/XY) and DS children (47, XX/XY+21) characterized by the presence of chromosomes and exactly what is the involvement with adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy when obesity is a risk factor. The treatment for OSA and obesity is rehabilitative and reversible; however, DS can be managed but not resolved because the disorder occurs from the existence of an extra chromosome during the failure of homologous chromosomal pairing separation during maternal meiosis I. This review concludes that there is a treatment for OSA and obesity and that DS children can be prevented from being obese or experiencing OSA but cannot be turned to normal chromosomes due to an extra trisomy 21. According to this review, children with DS and OSA/OSAS, as well as concomitant complications, can be treated.
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Nishigaki A, Tsubokura H, Ishida M, Hashimoto Y, Yoshida A, Hisamatsu Y, Tsuzuki‐Nakao T, Murata H, Okada H. NDRG1 is expressed in human granulosa cells: An implicative role of NDRG1 in the ovary. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12437. [PMID: 35386369 PMCID: PMC8967294 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Yoji Hisamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
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8
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Norins LC. Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: Same infectious cause, same preventive? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nishigaki A, Tsubokura H, Tsuzuki-Nakao T, Okada H. Hypoxia: Role of SIRT1 and the protective effect of resveratrol in ovarian function. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12428. [PMID: 34934403 PMCID: PMC8656197 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian function is closely related to the degree of vascular network development surrounding the ovary. Maternal aging‐related construction defects in this vascular network can cause ovarian hypoxia, which impedes oocyte nutrient supply, leading to physiological changes in the ovaries and oocytes. The anti‐aging gene Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) senses and adapts to ambient stress and is associated with hypoxic environments and mitochondrial biogenesis. Methods The present study is a literature review focusing on investigations involving the changes in SIRT1 and mitochondrial expression during hypoxia and the cytoprotective effects of the SIRT1 activator, resveratrol. Main findings Hypoxia suppresses SIRT1 and mitochondrial expression. Resveratrol can reverse the hypoxia‐induced decrease in mitochondrial and SIRT1 activity. Resveratrol suppresses the production of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins. Conclusion Resveratrol exhibits protective activity against hypoxic stress and may prevent hypoxia‐ or aging‐related mitochondrial dysfunction. Resveratrol treatment may be a potential option for infertility therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan
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Wu WB, Chen HT, Lin JJ, Lai TH. VEGF Concentration in a Preovulatory Leading Follicle Relates to Ovarian Reserve and Oocyte Maturation during Ovarian Stimulation with GnRH Antagonist Protocol in In Vitro Fertilization Cycle. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215032. [PMID: 34768551 PMCID: PMC8584358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in follicular vascularization, oxygenation, and consequently in oocyte maturation and embryo development. Unanswered questions remain regarding the relationship of intrafollicular VEGF level in preovulatory leading follicles to oocyte maturation and ovarian reserve during ovarian stimulation. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship of intrafollicular VEGF level in the fluid of single preovulatory leading follicles to ovarian reserve and oocyte maturation in patients receiving GnRH antagonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol treatment. One hundred and eighty-five patients receiving IVF treatment were recruited and assigned to low-, normal-, and high-ovarian-reserve groups according to their serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level. Follicular fluid (FF) in preovulatory leading follicles, serum profiles, and clinical variables were collected for analysis. The result disclosed a significant among-group difference in FF VEGF concentration. Moreover, the serum AMH level was also negatively correlated with FF VEGF level. The oocyte maturation rate tended to be increased at higher AMH levels. FF VEGF concentration was significantly positively correlated with basal FSH level. In conclusion, FF VEGF concentration has a negative association with ovarian reserve level and oocyte maturation rate in patients undergoing GnRH antagonist IVF protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Wu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ting Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutic Biotechnology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
| | - Jun-Jie Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, No. 280, Renai Rd. Daan Dist., Taipei 10693, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsuan Lai
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, No. 280, Renai Rd. Daan Dist., Taipei 10693, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27082121 (ext. 3557)
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van der Reest J, Nardini Cecchino G, Haigis MC, Kordowitzki P. Mitochondria: Their relevance during oocyte ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101378. [PMID: 34091076 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is recognised as the largest cell in mammalian species and other multicellular organisms. Mitochondria represent a high proportion of the cytoplasm in oocytes and mitochondrial architecture is different in oocytes than in somatic cells, characterised by a rounder appearance and fragmented network. Although the number of mitochondria per oocyte is higher than in any other mammalian cell, their number and activity decrease with advancing age. Mitochondria integrate numerous processes essential for cellular function, such as metabolic processes related to energy production, biosynthesis, and waste removal, as well as Ca2+ signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Further, mitochondria are responsible for the cellular adaptation to different types of stressors such as oxidative stress or DNA damage. When these stressors outstrip the adaptive capacity of mitochondria to restore homeostasis, it leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Decades of studies indicate that mitochondrial function is multifaceted, which is reflected in the oocyte, where mitochondria support numerous processes during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Dysregulation of mitochondrial processes has been consistently reported in ageing and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe the functions of mitochondria as bioenergetic powerhouses and signal transducers in oocytes, how dysfunction of mitochondrial processes contributes to reproductive ageing, and whether mitochondria could be targeted to promote oocyte rejuvenation.
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12
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Cellular and Molecular Events that Occur in the Oocyte during Prolonged Ovarian Storage in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122414. [PMID: 33348585 PMCID: PMC7766589 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Establishing efficient in vitro embryo production (IVP) protocols in sheep usually requires prolonged transportation of post-mortem ovaries since adult animals are often slaughtered in abattoirs far from laboratories. In this study, different analyses were carried out to investigate important cellular and molecular aspects of hypoxic injury on excised ovaries over time in order to understand the factors jeopardizing the development of competent oocytes during prolonged transport times. We observed that, when ovaries were stored for more than 7 h, the quality and developmental potential of oocytes and cumulus cells were greatly reduced. Moreover, the use of medium TCM199 over saline solution also had deleterious effects. Beyond transport time, strategies aimed at reducing these damages may improve oocyte quality and developmental competence. Abstract For the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in the application of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in small ruminants such as sheep. To improve efficiency, a large number abattoir-derived ovaries must be used, and long distances from the laboratory are usually inevitable when adult animals are used. In that scenario, prolonged sheep ovary transportation may negatively affect oocyte developmental competence. Here, we evaluated the effect of ovary storage time (3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 h) and the medium in which they were transported (TCM199 and saline solution) on oocyte quality. Thus, live/dead status, early apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and distribution, and relative abundance of mRNA transcript levels were assessed in oocytes. After in vitro maturation (IVM), cumulus cell viability and quality, meiotic and fertilization competence, embryo rates and blastocyst quality were also evaluated. The results revealed that, after 7 h of storage, oocyte quality and developmental potential were significantly impaired since higher rates of dead oocytes and DNA fragmentation and lower rates of viable, matured and fertilized oocytes were observed. The percentage of cleavage, blastocyst rates and cumulus cell parameters (viability, active mitochondria and GSH/ROS ratio) were also decreased. Moreover, the preservation of ovaries in medium TCM199 had a detrimental effect on cumulus cells and oocyte competence. In conclusion, ovary transport times up to 5 h in saline solution are the most adequate storage conditions to maintain oocyte quality as well as developmental capacity in sheep. A strategy to rescue the poor developmental potential of stored oocytes will be necessary for successful production of high-quality embryos when longer ovarian preservation times are necessary.
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Nishigaki A, Kido T, Kida N, Kakita‐Kobayashi M, Tsubokura H, Hisamatsu Y, Okada H. Resveratrol protects mitochondrial quantity by activating SIRT1/PGC-1α expression during ovarian hypoxia. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:189-197. [PMID: 32273826 PMCID: PMC7138948 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Resveratrol is a well-known potent activator of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). We investigated the direct effects of hypoxia and resveratrol on SIRT1/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathways, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and mitochondrial quantity in a steroidogenic human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) cells. METHODS KGN cells were cultured with cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a hypoxia-mimicking agent) and/or resveratrol. The mRNA and protein levels, protein secretion, and intracellular localization were assessed by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Mitochondrial quantity was measured based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. RESULTS CoCl2 simultaneously attenuated the levels of SIRT1 and mtDNA expression, and induced the levels of VEGF protein production. In contrast, resveratrol significantly increased the levels of SIRT1 and mtDNA copy number, but reduced VEGF production in normoxia. Resveratrol could recover CoCl2-suppressed SIRT1 and mtDNA expression and antagonize CoCl2-induced VEGF production. CoCl2 treatment resulted in a downregulation of PGC-1α expression, and this effect was recovered by resveratrol. Resveratrol significantly suppressed the production of the CoCl2-induced HIF-1α and VEGF proteins. CONCLUSION These results suggest that resveratrol improves mitochondrial quantity by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and inhibits VEGF induction through HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takeharu Kido
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Naoko Kida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoji Hisamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
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14
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Butler MG, Kimonis V, Dykens E, Gold JA, Tamura R, Miller JL, Driscoll DJ. Birth seasonality studies in a large Prader-Willi syndrome cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1531-1534. [PMID: 31225937 PMCID: PMC7159461 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is generally due to sporadic paternal deletions of the chromosome 15q11‐q13 region followed by maternal disomy 15. Advanced maternal age is more commonly seen in those with maternal disomy 15. Environmental factors (e.g., drug use, occupational chemical exposure, infectious agents, and irradiation) could account for chromosome changes. Previous evidence of differences in male and female gametogenesis could suggest an environmental role in the causation of the paternal 15q11‐q13 deletion seen in PWS. Certain occupations such as hydrocarbon‐exposing occupations (e.g., landscaping, farming, and painting) and viral exposure (e.g., human coronavirus 229E causing upper respiratory infections in adults with an incorporation site in the human genome at chromosome 15q11) can be seasonal in nature and contribute to chromosome damage. To assess, we reviewed birth seasonality data in a large cohort of individuals with PWS recruited nationally (N = 355) but no significant differences were seen by month between those with the 15q11‐q13 deletion compared with maternal disomy 15 when analyzing quarterly seasonal patterns. Although early evidence supported birth seasonality differences in PWS, a larger number of individuals in our recent study using advanced genetic testing methods did not find this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Elisabeth Dykens
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - June Anne Gold
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California
| | - Roy Tamura
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daniel J Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Advanced maternal age during pregnancy and the risk for malignant morbidity in the childhood. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:879-886. [PMID: 29629497 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the past several decades, rates of delayed childbearing have increased, and as a result, maternal age has advanced. Our objective was to evaluate whether advanced maternal age is independently associated with an increased risk of childhood cancers in the offspring. A retrospective cohort study of women who delivered between the years 1991 and 2014 was conducted. Elderly parturients (≥ 35 years) were divided into two sub-categories: 35-39 and 40-50 years. The comparison group consisted of parturients aged 20-34 years. All hospitalizations of offspring up to the age of 18 years involving malignant morbidity were compared between the groups. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative malignant morbidity incidence of the offspring. A Weibull regression model was used to control for confounders. During the study period, 201,738 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 16.3% (n = 32,804) occurred in mothers aged 35 years or more (35-39 years old n = 26,145, 79.7%; 40-50 years old n = 6659, 20.3%). In the Weibull regression model, advanced maternal age exhibited no association with general malignant morbidity in the offspring up to 18 years of age (mothers aged 35-39: adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.76-1.48, p = 0.727; mothers aged 40-50: adjusted HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.36-1.46, p = 0.373). For leukemia, the regression model exhibited an independent association in maternal ages of 35-39 (adjusted HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.34-3.69, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Advanced maternal age does not appear to raise the risk for future malignancy in the offspring up to the age 18 years. The specific nature of the association between maternal age and leukemia of the offspring necessitates further investigation. What is Known: • Advanced maternal age is associated with a marked elevation in the risk of different pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. What is New: • Advanced maternal age does not appear to raise the risk for future malignancy in the offspring up to the age 18 years. • Leukemia of the offspring may be associated with advanced maternal age although the specific nature of the association necessitates further investigation.
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16
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Falster K, Hanly M, Banks E, Lynch J, Chambers G, Brownell M, Eades S, Jorm L. Maternal age and offspring developmental vulnerability at age five: A population-based cohort study of Australian children. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002558. [PMID: 29689098 PMCID: PMC5915778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, there has been a shift to later childbearing in high-income countries. There is limited large-scale evidence of the relationship between maternal age and child outcomes beyond the perinatal period. The objective of this study is to quantify a child's risk of developmental vulnerability at age five, according to their mother's age at childbirth. METHODS AND FINDINGS Linkage of population-level perinatal, hospital, and birth registration datasets to data from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) and school enrolments in Australia's most populous state, New South Wales (NSW), enabled us to follow a cohort of 99,530 children from birth to their first year of school in 2009 or 2012. The study outcome was teacher-reported child development on five domains measured by the AEDC, including physical health and well-being, emotional maturity, social competence, language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge. Developmental vulnerability was defined as domain scores below the 2009 AEDC 10th percentile cut point. The mean maternal age at childbirth was 29.6 years (standard deviation [SD], 5.7), with 4,382 children (4.4%) born to mothers aged <20 years and 20,026 children (20.1%) born to mothers aged ≥35 years. The proportion vulnerable on ≥1 domains was 21% overall and followed a reverse J-shaped distribution according to maternal age: it was highest in children born to mothers aged ≤15 years, at 40% (95% CI, 32-49), and was lowest in children born to mothers aged between 30 years and ≤35 years, at 17%-18%. For maternal ages 36 years to ≥45 years, the proportion vulnerable on ≥1 domains increased to 17%-24%. Adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics significantly attenuated vulnerability risk in children born to younger mothers, while adjustment for potentially modifiable factors, such as antenatal visits, had little additional impact across all ages. Although the multi-agency linkage yielded a broad range of sociodemographic, perinatal, health, and developmental variables at the child's birth and school entry, the study was necessarily limited to variables available in the source data, which were mostly recorded for administrative purposes. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal age was associated with a lesser risk of developmental vulnerability for children born to mothers aged 15 years to about 30 years. In contrast, increasing maternal age beyond 35 years was generally associated with increasing vulnerability, broadly equivalent to the risk for children born to mothers in their early twenties, which is highly relevant in the international context of later childbearing. That socioeconomic disadvantage explained approximately half of the increased risk of developmental vulnerability associated with younger motherhood suggests there may be scope to improve population-level child development through policies and programs that support disadvantaged mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Falster
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Social Research Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Hanly
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- The Sax Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Lynch
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Chambers
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marni Brownell
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sandra Eades
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa Jorm
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Gebel J, Tuppi M, Krauskopf K, Coutandin D, Pitzius S, Kehrloesser S, Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Control mechanisms in germ cells mediated by p53 family proteins. J Cell Sci 2017:jcs.204859. [PMID: 28794013 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are totipotent and, in principle, immortal as they are the source for new germ cells in each generation. This very special role requires tight quality control systems. The p53 protein family constitutes one of the most important quality surveillance systems in cells. Whereas p53 has become famous for its role as the guardian of the genome in its function as the most important somatic tumor suppressor, p63 has been nicknamed 'guardian of the female germ line'. p63 is strongly expressed in resting oocytes and responsible for eliminating those that carry DNA double-strand breaks. The third family member, p73, acts later during oocyte and embryo development by ensuring correct assembly of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In addition to its role in the female germ line, p73 regulates cell-cell contacts between developing sperm cells and supporting somatic cells in the male germ line. Here, we review the involvement of the p53 protein family in the development of germ cells with a focus on quality control in the female germ line and discuss medical implications for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Katharina Krauskopf
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Coutandin
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Susanne Pitzius
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max von Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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18
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Bhaumik P, Ghosh P, Ghosh S, Feingold E, Ozbek U, Sarkar B, Dey SK. Combined association of Presenilin-1 and Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms with maternal meiosis II error in Down syndrome births. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:577-585. [PMID: 28767121 PMCID: PMC5596362 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome often exhibit close association and predictively share common genetic risk-factors. Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes are associated with early and late onset of Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Presenilin -1 is involved in faithful chromosomal segregation. A higher frequency of the APOE ε4 allele has been reported among young mothers giving birth to Down syndrome children. In this study, 170 Down syndrome patients, grouped according to maternal meiotic stage of nondisjunction and maternal age at conception, and their parents were genotyped for PSEN-1 intron-8 and APOE polymorphisms. The control group consisted of 186 mothers of karyotypically normal children. The frequencies of the PSEN-1 T allele and TT genotype, in the presence of the APOE ε4 allele, were significantly higher among young mothers (< 35 years) with meiosis II nondisjunction than in young control mothers (96.43% vs. 65.91% P = 0.0002 and 92.86% vs. 45.45% P < 0.0001 respectively) but not among mothers with meiosis I nondisjunction. We infer that the co-occurrence of the PSEN-1 T allele and the APOE ε4 allele associatively increases the risk of meiotic segregation error II among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranami Bhaumik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge Science
college campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Umut Ozbek
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India
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19
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Hirai H, Hirai Y, Morimoto M, Kaneko A, Kamanaka Y, Koga A. Night Monkey Hybrids Exhibit De Novo Genomic and Karyotypic Alterations: The First Such Case in Primates. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:945-955. [PMID: 28369492 PMCID: PMC5388293 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular chromosomal analyses, we discovered night monkey hybrids produced in captivity from matings between a female Aotus azarae boliviensis (2n = 50) and a male Aotus lemurinus griseimembra (2n = 53). The parents produced seven offspring in total, including one male and six females-a pattern consistent with Haldane's rule. Chromosomal studies were conducted on four of the hybrid offspring. Two of them showed relatively "simple" mixture karyotypes, including different chromosome numbers (2n = 51, 52), which were formed because of a heteromorphic autosome pair in the father (n = 26, 27). The other two hybrid monkeys exhibited de novo genomic and karyotypic alterations. Detailed analysis of the alterations revealed that one individual carried a mixture karyotype of the two parental species and an X chromosome trisomy (53,XXX). The second individual displayed trisomy of chromosome 18 (52,XX,+18) and a reciprocal translocation between autosomes 21 and 23 (52,XX,+18,t(21;23)). Interestingly, the second monkey exhibited mosaicism among blood cells (mos52,XX,+18[87]/52,XX,+18,t(21;23)[85]), but only a single karyotype (52,XX,+18) in skin fibroblast cells. The X- and 18-trisomies were derived from a doubling of the mother's chromosomes in early embryonic cell division, and the reciprocal translocation likely developed in the bone marrow of the offspring, considering that it was observed only in blood cells. Such occurrence of trisomies in hybrid individuals is a unique finding in placental mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kamanaka
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Van Blerkom J. The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Developmental Potential and Chromosomal Normality of the Human Oocyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769600300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Van Blerkom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Porter Science Building, Campus Box 347, Boulder CO 80309; Reproductive Genetics In Vitro, Denver, Colorado; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Porter Science Building, Campus Box 347, Boulder CO 80309
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21
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Perifollicular blood flow and its relationship with endometrial vascularity, follicular fluid EG-VEGF, IGF-1, and inhibin-a levels and IVF outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1355-1362. [PMID: 27484063 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the association of perifollicular blood flow (PFBF) with follicular fluid EG-VEGF, inhibin-a, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations, endometrial vascularity, and IVF outcomes. METHODS Forty women with tubal factor infertility were included in a prospective cohort study. Each woman underwent IVF/ICSI procedure. Individual follicles of ≥16 mm (n = 156) were evaluated by power Doppler analysis and categorized as well-vascularized follicles (WVFs) or poorly vascularized follicles (PVFs). WVFs referred to those with perifollicular vascularity of 51-100 %. Each follicular fluid (FF) was individually aspirated and FF/serum EG-VEGF, inhibin-a, and FF IGF-1 levels were evaluated. Zones III-IV endometrial vascularity was classified as a well-vascularized endometrium (WVE). The presence of a WVE and mature oocytes, in addition to the embryo quality and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), were recorded for each follicle. The main outcome measures were FF serum EG-VEGF, inhibin-a, IGF-1 levels, and WVE and IVF outcome per PFBF. RESULTS For WVFs, the level of FF EG-VEGF (p = 0.008), oocyte quality (p = 0.001), embryo quality (p = 0.002), a WVE (p = 0.001), and CPR (p = 0.04) increased significantly. The pregnant group was characterized by increased numbers of WVFs (p = 0.044), a WVE (p = 0.022), and increased levels of FF IGF-1 (p = 0.001) and serum EG-VEGF (p = 0.03). FF IGF-1 >50 ng/mL (AUC 0.72) had 75 % sensitivity and 64 % specificity for predicting CPR. CONCLUSIONS WVFs yield high-quality oocytes and embryos, a WVE, increased FF EG-VEGF levels, and increased CPRs.
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22
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Stern S, Biron D, Moses E. Transmission of trisomy decreases with maternal age in mouse models of Down syndrome, mirroring a phenomenon in human Down syndrome mothers. BMC Genet 2016; 17:105. [PMID: 27401751 PMCID: PMC4939633 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome incidence in humans increases dramatically with maternal age. This is mainly the result of increased meiotic errors, but factors such as differences in abortion rate may play a role as well. Since the meiotic error rate increases almost exponentially after a certain age, its contribution to the overall incidence aneuploidy may mask the contribution of other processes. Results To focus on such selection mechanisms we investigated transmission in trisomic females, using data from mouse models and from Down syndrome humans. In trisomic females the a-priori probability for trisomy is independent of meiotic errors and thus approximately constant in the early embryo. Despite this, the rate of transmission of the extra chromosome decreases with age in females of the Ts65Dn and, as we show, for the Tc1 mouse models for Down syndrome. Evaluating progeny of 73 Tc1 births and 112 Ts65Dn births from females aged 130 days to 250 days old showed that both models exhibit a 3-fold reduction of the probability to transmit the trisomy with increased maternal ageing. This is concurrent with a 2-fold reduction of litter size with maternal ageing. Furthermore, analysis of previously reported 30 births in Down syndrome women shows a similar tendency with an almost three fold reduction in the probability to have a Down syndrome child between a 20 and 30 years old Down syndrome woman. Conclusions In the two types of mice models for Down syndrome that were used for this study, and in human Down syndrome, older females have significantly lower probability to transmit the trisomy to the offspring. Our findings, taken together with previous reports of decreased supportive environment of the older uterus, add support to the notion that an older uterus negatively selects the less fit trisomic embryos. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0412-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Stern
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David Biron
- Department of Physics, James Franck Institute and the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th St GCIS E139F, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Elisha Moses
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Molinari E, Bar H, Pyle AM, Patrizio P. Transcriptome analysis of human cumulus cells reveals hypoxia as the main determinant of follicular senescence. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:866-76. [PMID: 27268410 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can RNA sequencing of human cumulus cells (CC) reveal molecular pathways involved in the physiology of reproductive aging? STUDY FINDING Senescent but not young CC activate gene pathways associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Shifts in socioeconomic norms are resulting in larger numbers of women postponing childbearing. The reproductive potential is sharply decreased with aging, and the reasons are poorly understood. Since CCs play an integral role in oocyte maturation and direct access to human oocytes is limited, we used whole transcriptome analysis of these somatic cells to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms playing a role in follicular senescence. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Twenty CC samples (from a total of 15 patients) were obtained from oocytes of either male factor or egg donor patients. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes between CCs from seven aged and eight young patients (<35 (years old) y.o. vs >40 y.o.). Quantitative-PCR and immunoflourescent staining were used for validation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE RNA sequencing identified 11 572 genes expressed in CC of both age cohorts, 45 of which were differentially expressed. In CC collected from patients >40 y.o., genes involved in the hypoxia stress response (NOS2, RORA and NR4A3), vasculature development (NR2F2, PTHLH), glycolysis (RALGAPA2 and TBC1D4) and cAMP turnover (PDE4D) were significantly overexpressed when compared with CC of patients younger than 35 y.o. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study focused almost exclusively on assessing the genetic differences in CC transcriptome between young and older women. These genetic findings were not fully correlated with embryonic development and clinical outcome. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data provide a new hypothesis-follicular hypoxia-as the main mechanism leading to ovarian follicular senescence and suggest a link between cumulus cell aging and oocyte quality decay. If specific molecular findings of hypoxia would be confirmed also in oocytes, genetic platforms could screen CC for hypoxic damage and identify healthier oocytes. Protocols of ovarian stimulation in older patients could also be adjusted to diminish oocyte exposure time to hypoxic follicles. LARGE SCALE DATA GEO accession number: GSE81579 STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS: Funded in part by EMD Serono Grant for Fertility Innovation (GFI).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Molinari
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Fertility Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 065112, USA
| | - H Bar
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Howard Huges Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - P Patrizio
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Fertility Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 065112, USA
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24
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Sotonica M, Mackic-Djurovic M, Hasic S, Kiseljakovic E, Jadric R, Ibrulj S. Association of Parental Age and the Type of Down Syndrome on the Territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Med Arch 2016; 70:88-91. [PMID: 27147778 PMCID: PMC4851533 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.88-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced paternal and/or maternal age is a classic risk factor for Down syndrome. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of Down syndrome types in children and its association with maternal and paternal age in Bosnia and Herzegovina. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The cross sectional, observational study included 127 children, 49 girls and 78 boys, aged 1-180 months suspected to have Down syndrome, admitted to the Centre for Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, for cytogenetic analysis and differential diagnosis of Down syndrome during the period from January 2010 to May 2015. Standard method of 72 hours cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been applied. The accepted level of statistical significance was p<0.05. STUDY RESULTS The most common type of Down syndrome was standard trisomy (86.6%), comparing to translocation and mosaicism (7.1%; 6.3%, respectively). The highest frequency of Down syndrome cases was in mother and father's group from 30-39 years old (57; 57 children, respectively) compared to mother and father's groups with younger than 30 (44; 29, respectively) and 40 and older (26; 41, respectively). The significant difference was found in maternal age between translocation and mosaicism groups (p=0.036). Difference between parental years and type of Down syndrome was significant when Standard trisomy 21 and translocation (p=0.045), as well as mosaicism and translocation (p=0.036), were compared. CONCLUSION The most common type of Down syndrome was standard trisomy 21, with highest occurrence in parents from 30 to 39 years old. Parents were the youngest in translocation group. Obtained results suggest that multidisciplinary approach to identifying the trigger for trisomy appearance and the influence of maternal age is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Sotonica
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirela Mackic-Djurovic
- Centre for Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sabaheta Hasic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emina Kiseljakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Radivoj Jadric
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Slavka Ibrulj
- Centre for Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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25
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Alves da Silva AF, Machado FB, Pavarino ÉC, Biselli-Périco JM, Zampieri BL, da Silva Francisco Junior R, Mozer Rodrigues PT, Terra Machado D, Santos-Rebouças CB, Gomes Fernandes M, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Lopes Rios ÁF, Medina-Acosta E. Trisomy 21 Alters DNA Methylation in Parent-of-Origin-Dependent and -Independent Manners. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154108. [PMID: 27100087 PMCID: PMC4839675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The supernumerary chromosome 21 in Down syndrome differentially affects the methylation statuses at CpG dinucleotide sites and creates genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation of parental alleles, ultimately causing diverse pathologies. At present, it is unknown whether those effects are dependent or independent of the parental origin of the nondisjoined chromosome 21. Linkage analysis is a standard method for the determination of the parental origin of this aneuploidy, although it is inadequate in cases with deficiency of samples from the progenitors. Here, we assessed the reliability of the epigenetic 5mCpG imprints resulting in the maternally (oocyte)-derived allele methylation at a differentially methylated region (DMR) of the candidate imprinted WRB gene for asserting the parental origin of chromosome 21. We developed a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-specific PCR assay, based on the WRB DMR, across single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the methylation statuses in the parental alleles. In genomic DNA from blood cells of either disomic or trisomic subjects, the maternal alleles were consistently methylated, while the paternal alleles were unmethylated. However, the supernumerary chromosome 21 did alter the methylation patterns at the RUNX1 (chromosome 21) and TMEM131 (chromosome 2) CpG sites in a parent-of-origin-independent manner. To evaluate the 5mCpG imprints, we conducted a computational comparative epigenomic analysis of transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and histone modification expression patterns. We found allele fractions consistent with the transcriptional biallelic expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes, despite the similarities in the confluence of both a 17-histone modification activation backbone module and a 5-histone modification repressive module between the WRB DMR and the DMRs of six imprinted genes. We concluded that the maternally inherited 5mCpG imprints at the WRB DMR are uncoupled from the parental allele expression of WRB and ten neighboring genes in several tissues and that trisomy 21 alters DNA methylation in parent-of-origin-dependent and -independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Francisco Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AFAS); (FBM); (EM-A)
| | - Filipe Brum Machado
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AFAS); (FBM); (EM-A)
| | | | | | | | - Ronaldo da Silva Francisco Junior
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Thyago Mozer Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Terra Machado
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Gomes Fernandes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Álvaro Fabricio Lopes Rios
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Molecular Identification and Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Escola Álvaro Alvim, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AFAS); (FBM); (EM-A)
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Ray A, Hong CS, Feingold E, Ghosh P, Ghosh P, Bhaumik P, Dey S, Ghosh S. Maternal Telomere Length and Risk of Down Syndrome: Epidemiological Impact of Smokeless Chewing Tobacco and Oral Contraceptive on Segregation of Chromosome 21. Public Health Genomics 2015; 19:11-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000439245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tearne JE. Older maternal age and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes: a review of the literature. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1381-91. [PMID: 26041693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The trend toward delayed childbearing is widespread in industrialized nations. Although the physical consequences for offspring in utero and in the prenatal period are well known, the psychologic consequences of older motherhood for offspring have received less attention in the literature. In contrast to the heightened physical risks for offspring, the existing research suggests that children of older mothers are often at lower risk for problem behavioral and academic outcomes compared with offspring of mothers in their teens and twenties. Maternal age is inextricably linked with a complex web of psychosocial variables, and the challenge for future research is to better understand the relative influence of these variables on the relationship between maternal age and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Tearne
- Telethon Kids Institute and School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Yang WJ, Hwang YC, Lin CS, Hwu YM, Lee RKK, Hsiao SY. Embryonic early-cleavage rate is decreased with aging in GnRH agonist but not inantagonist protocols. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:789-95. [PMID: 25788359 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between embryonic early-cleavage status and the age of patients receiving either a GnRH agonist long protocol or a GnRH antagonist protocol. METHODS This retrospective study included 534 patients undergoing a fresh cycle of oocyte retrieval and day-3 embryo transfer. Of the 534 patients treated, 331 received a GnRH agonist long stimulation protocol (GnRH agonist group) for ovarian stimulation and 203 patients received a GnRH antagonist protocol (GnRH antagonist group). RESULTS By logistic regression analysis, the rate of embryonic early-cleavage was significantly decreased with increasing age of women in the agonist (P < 0.001) but not in antagonist groups (P = 0.61). Based on the results of this study, maternal age is a critical factor for embryonic early-cleavage in agonist protocol but not in antagonist protocol. The results also showed that early-cleavage embryos were of better quality and resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than late-cleavage embryos in the GnRH agonist group. However, embryo quality and pregnancy rate was not significantly different between early and late cleavage embryos in the GnRH antagonist group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that embryonic early-cleavage status is negatively correlated with aging in women receiving GnRH agonist long down-regulation but not in GnRH antagonist protocols. We also conclude that early cleavage of the zygote is not a reliable predictor for pregnancy potential using the GnRH antagonist protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jui Yang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Ton-YenGeneral Hospital, Hshinchu, Taiwan
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29
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Adler MI, Bonduriansky R. Sexual conflict, life span, and aging. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:cshperspect.a017566. [PMID: 24938876 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential for sexual conflict to influence the evolution of life span and aging has been recognized for more than a decade, and recent work also suggests that variation in life span and aging can influence sexually antagonistic coevolution. However, empirical exploration of these ideas is only beginning. Here, we provide an overview of the ideas and evidence linking inter- and intralocus sexual conflicts with life span and aging. We aim to clarify the conceptual basis of this research program, examine the current state of knowledge, and suggest key questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo I Adler
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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Rowsey R, Kashevarova A, Murdoch B, Dickenson C, Woodruff T, Cheng E, Hunt P, Hassold T. Germline mosaicism does not explain the maternal age effect on trisomy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2495-503. [PMID: 23950106 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association between trisomy and increasing maternal age in humans, virtually all of which assume that the underlying mechanisms involve meiotic errors. However, recently Hultén and colleagues [Hulten et al., 2010b] proposed a provocative model-the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection Model (OMSM)-that links age-dependent trisomy 21 to pre-meiotic errors in the ovary. Specifically, they propose that nondisjunctional events occur in a proportion of germ cells as they mitotically proliferate, resulting in mosaicism for trisomy 21. Assuming that the presence of an additional chromosome 21 delays meiotic progression, these cells would be ovulated later in reproductive life, resulting in an age-dependent increase in aneuploid eggs. Because this model has important clinical implications, we initiated studies to test it. We first analyzed oocytes from two trisomy 21 fetuses, combining immunostaining with FISH to determine the likelihood of detecting the additional chromosome 21 at different stages of meiosis. The detection of trisomy was enhanced during the earliest stage of prophase (leptotene), before homologs synapsed. Accordingly, in subsequent studies we examined the chromosome content of leptotene oocytes in seven second trimester female fetuses, analyzing three chromosomes commonly associated with human trisomies (i.e., 13, 16, and 21). In contrast to the prediction of the OMSM, we found no evidence of trisomy mosaicism for any chromosome. We conclude that errors in pre-meiotic germ cells are not a major contributor to human aneuploidy and do not provide an explanation for the age-related increase in trisomic conceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Rowsey
- Washington State University School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Pullman, Washington
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31
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Abstract
The role of metabolism in ovarian aging is poorly described, despite the fact that ovaries fail earlier than most other organs. Growing interest in ovarian function is being driven by recent evidence that mammalian females routinely generate new oocytes during adult life through the activity of germline stem cells. In this perspective, we overview the female reproductive system as a powerful and clinically relevant model to understand links between aging and metabolism, and we discuss new concepts for how oocytes and their precursor cells might be altered metabolically to sustain or increase ovarian function and fertility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Tilly
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David A Sinclair
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Hemmings KE, Maruthini D, Vyjayanthi S, Hogg JE, Balen AH, Campbell BK, Leese HJ, Picton HM. Amino acid turnover by human oocytes is influenced by gamete developmental competence, patient characteristics and gonadotrophin treatment. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1031-44. [PMID: 23335609 PMCID: PMC3600837 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can amino acid profiling differentiate between human oocytes with differing competence to mature to metaphase II (MII) in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER Oocytes which remained arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage after 24 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) displayed differences in the depletion/appearance of amino acids compared with oocytes which progressed to MII and patient age, infertile diagnosis and ovarian stimulation regime significantly affected oocyte amino acid turnover during IVM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Amino acid profiling has been proposed as a technique which can distinguish between human pronucleate zygotes and cleavage stage embryos with the potential to develop to the blastocyst stage and implant to produce a pregnancy and those that arrest. Most recently, the amino acid turnover by individual bovine oocytes has been shown to be predictive of oocyte developmental competence as indicated by the gamete's capacity to undergo fertilization and early cleavage divisions in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was conducted between March 2005 and March 2010. A total of 216 oocytes which were at the GV or metaphase I (MI) stages at the time of ICSI were donated by 67 patients. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS The research was conducted in university research laboratories affiliated to a hospital-based infertility clinic. Oocytes were cultured for 24 h and the depletion/appearance of amino acids was measured during the final 6 h of IVM. Amino acid turnover was analysed in relation to oocyte meiotic progression, patient age, disease aetiology and controlled ovarian stimulation regime. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The depletion/appearance of key amino acids was linked to the maturation potential of human oocytes in vitro. Oocytes which arrested at the GV stage (n = 9) depleted significantly more valine and isoleucine than those which progressed to MI (n = 32) or MII (n = 107) (P < 0.05). Glutamate, glutamine, arginine and valine depletion or appearance differed in MII versus degenerating oocytes (n = 20) (P < 0.05). Glutamine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, total depletion and total turnover all differed in oocytes from patients aged < 35 years versus patients ≥35 years (P < 0.05). MII oocytes obtained following ovarian stimulation with recombinant FSH depleted more isoleucine (P < 0.05) and more alanine and lysine (P < 0.05) appeared than oocytes from hMG-stimulated cycles. MII oocytes from patients with a polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology (n = 33) depleted more serine (P < 0.05) than oocytes from women with normal ovaries (n = 61). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Immature oocytes collected at the time of ICSI were used as the model for human oocyte maturation. These oocytes have therefore failed to respond to the ovulatory hCG trigger in vivo (they are meiotically incompetent), and have limited capacity to support embryo development in vitro. The lack of cumulus cells and stress of the conditions in vitro may have influenced turnover of amino acids, and owing to the small sample sizes further studies are required to confirm these findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings provide support for the hypothesis that oocyte metabolism reflects oocyte quality. Longitudinal studies are required to link these functional metabolic indices of human oocyte quality with embryo developmental competence. Oocyte amino acid profiling may be a useful tool to quantify the impact of new assisted reproduction technologies (ART) on oocyte quality. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This project was funded by the UK Biology and Biotechnology Research Council (BB/C007395/1) and the Medical Research Council (G 0800250). K.E.H was in receipt of a British Fertility Society/Merck Serono studentship. H.J.L. is a shareholder in Novocellus Ltd, a company which seeks to devise a non-invasive biochemical test of embryo health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hemmings
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Labrie F, Labrie C. DHEA and intracrinology at menopause, a positive choice for evolution of the human species. Climacteric 2012; 16:205-13. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.733983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li Q, Geng X, Zheng W, Tang J, Xu B, Shi Q. Current understanding of ovarian aging. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:659-69. [PMID: 22932881 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive system of human female exhibits a much faster rate of aging than other body systems. Ovarian aging is thought to be dominated by a gradual decreasing numbers of follicles, coinciding with diminished quality of oocytes. Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian aging. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the ovarian aging involving a poor complement of follicles at birth and a high rate of attrition each month, as well as the alternated endocrine factors. We also discuss the possible causative factors that contribute to ovarian aging, e.g., genetic factors, accumulation of irreparable damage of microenvironment, pathological effect and other factors. The appropriate and reliable methods to assess ovarian aging, such as quantification of follicles, endocrine measurement and genetic testing have also been discussed. Increased knowledge of the ovarian aging mechanisms may improve the prevention of premature ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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Study of stillbirth and major congenital anomaly among newborns in the high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India. J Community Genet 2012; 4:21-31. [PMID: 22875746 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-012-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring newborns for adverse outcomes like stillbirth and major congenital anomalies (MCA) is being carried out in government hospitals since 1995 in and around high-level natural radiation areas, a narrow strip of land on the southwest coast of Kerala, India. Natural deposits of monazite sand containing thorium and its daughter products account for elevated levels of natural radiation. Among 141,540 newborns [140,558 deliveries: 139,589 singleton, 957 twins (6.81 ‰), 11 triplets (0.078 ‰), and one quadruplet] screened, 615 (4.35 ‰) were stillbirth and MCA were seen in 1,370 (9.68 ‰) newborns. Clubfoot (404, 2.85 ‰) was the most frequent MCA followed by hypospadias (152, 2.10 ‰ among male newborns), congenital heart disease (168, 1.19 ‰), cleft lip/palate (149, 1.05 ‰), Down syndrome (104, 0.73 ‰), and neural tube defects (72, 0.51 ‰). Newborns with MCA among stillbirths were about 20-fold higher at 190.24 ‰ (117/615) compared to 8.89 ‰ (1,253/140,925) among live births (P < .001). Logistic regression was carried out to compare stillbirth, overall, and specific MCA among newborns from areas with dose levels of ≤1.5, 1.51-3.0, 3.01-6.0 and >6 mGy/year after controlling for maternal age at birth, gravida, consanguinity, ethnicity, and gender of the baby. Clubfoot showed higher prevalence of 3.26 ‰ at dose level of 1.51-3.0 mGy/year compared to 2.33 ‰ at ≤1.5 mGy/year (OR = 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.72), without indication of any clear dose-response. Prevalences of stillbirth, overall MCA, and other specific MCA were similar across different dose levels and were relatively lower than that reported elsewhere in India, probably due to better literacy, health awareness, and practices in the study population.
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36
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Nagaoka SI, Hassold TJ, Hunt PA. Human aneuploidy: mechanisms and new insights into an age-old problem. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13:493-504. [PMID: 22705668 PMCID: PMC3551553 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trisomic and monosomic (aneuploid) embryos account for at least 10% of human pregnancies and, for women nearing the end of their reproductive lifespan, the incidence may exceed 50%. The errors that lead to aneuploidy almost always occur in the oocyte but, despite intensive investigation, the underlying molecular basis has remained elusive. Recent studies of humans and model organisms have shed new light on the complexity of meiotic defects, providing evidence that the age-related increase in errors in the human female is not attributable to a single factor but to an interplay between unique features of oogenesis and a host of endogenous and exogenous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So I Nagaoka
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Silva-Grecco RL, Navarro GC, Cruz RM, Balarin MAS. Micronucleated lymphocytes in parents of Down syndrome children. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:573-7. [PMID: 22527126 PMCID: PMC3854276 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common disease due to an autosomal aneuploidy in live born children and also the major known genetic cause of mental retardation. The risk of a DS pregnancy increases substantially with increasing maternal age. However, several women aged less than 35 years at conception have a child with DS. The micronucleus (MN) assay can identify chromosome breakage or chromosome malsegregation and is an ideal biomarker to investigate genomic instability. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of peripheral lymphocytes with MN in the parents of DS individuals. The subjects were 17 couples, 1 father and 9 mothers, and 24 couples who had at least one healthy child formed the control group. For each individual we evaluated the frequency of binucleated micronucleated lymphocytes (BNMN%) as number of binucleated lymphocytes containing one or more MN per 1000 binucleated cells. The mean age of DS parents and controls was 32.6 and 29.8 years, respectively. The frequency of MN in DS parents was significantly higher compared to controls. The higher frequency of MN in DS parents suggests a higher predisposition of DS parents to aneuploidy events in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Silva-Grecco
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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39
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40
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Abstract
Ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals is a complex process. Several compounds have been tested during in vitro culture of follicular cells for a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors related to ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals. From these compounds, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can be highlighted, as it is strongly associated with angiogenesis and, in recent years, its presence in ovarian cells has been investigated extensively. Previous studies have shown that the presence of VEGF protein, as well as mRNA expression of its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) increases during follicular development. Therefore, it is likely that the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR-2 is crucial to promote follicular development. However, few studies on the influence of this factor on follicular development have been reported. This review addresses aspects related to the structural characterization and mechanism of action of VEGF and its receptors, and their biological importance in the ovary of mammals.
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van der Stroom EM, König TE, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Elzinga WS, van Montfrans JM, Haadsma ML, Lambalk CB. Early menopause in mothers of children with Down syndrome? Fertil Steril 2011; 96:985-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yan H, Yan Z, Ma Q, Jiao F, Huang S, Zeng F, Zeng Y. Association between mitochondrial DNA haplotype compatibility and increased efficiency of bovine intersubspecies cloning. J Genet Genomics 2011; 38:21-8. [PMID: 21338949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcg.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructed embryos derived from intersubspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have poorer developmental potential than those from intrasubspecies SCNT. Based on our previous study that Holstein dairy bovine (HD) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype compatibility between donor karyoplast and recipient cytoplast is crucial for SCNT embryo development, we performed intersubspecies SCNT using HD as donor karyoplast and Luxi yellow heifer (LY) as recipient cytoplast according to mtDNA haplotypes determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The results demonstrated that intersubspecies mtDNA homotype SCNT embryos had higher pre- and post-implantation developmental competence than intrasubspecies mtDNA heterotype embryos as well as improved blastocyst reprogramming status, including normal H3K9 dimethylation pattern and promoter hypomethylation of pluripotent genes such as Oct4 and Sox2, suggesting that intersubspecies SCNT using LY oocytes maintains HD cloning efficiency and may reprogram HD nuclei to develop into a normal cloned animal ultimately. Our results indicated that karyoplast-cytoplast interactions and mtDNA haplotype compatibility may affect bovine intersubspecies SCNT efficiency. This study on bovine intersubspecies SCNT is valuable for understanding the mechanisms of mtDNA haplotype compatibility between karyoplast and cytoplast impacting the bovine SCNT efficiency, and provides an alternative and economic resource for HD cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Chromosomal and cytoplasmic context determines predisposition to maternal age-related aneuploidy: brief overview and update on MCAK in mammalian oocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:1681-6. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0381681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for more than half a century that the risk of conceiving a child with trisomy increases with advanced maternal age. However, the origin of the high susceptibility to nondisjunction of whole chromosomes and precocious separation of sister chromatids, leading to aneuploidy in aged oocytes and embryos derived from them, cannot be traced back to a single disturbance and mechanism. Instead, analysis of recombination patterns of meiotic chromosomes of spread oocytes from embryonal ovary, and of origins and exchange patterns of extra chromosomes in trisomies, as well as morphological and molecular studies of oocytes and somatic cells from young and aged females, show chromosome-specific risk patterns and cellular aberrations related to the chronological age of the female. In addition, analysis of the function of meiotic- and cell-cycle-regulating genes in oogenesis, and the study of the spindle and chromosomal status of maturing oocytes, suggest that several events contribute synergistically to errors in chromosome segregation in aged oocytes in a chromosome-specific fashion. For instance, loss of cohesion may differentially predispose chromosomes with distal or pericentromeric chiasmata to nondisjunction. Studies on expression in young and aged oocytes from human or model organisms, like the mouse, indicate that the presence and functionality/activity of gene products involved in cell-cycle regulation, spindle formation and organelle integrity may be altered in aged oocytes, thus contributing to a high risk of error in chromosome segregation in meiosis I and II. Genes that are often altered in aged mouse oocytes include MCAK (mitotic-centromere-associated protein), a microtubule depolymerase, and AURKB (Aurora kinase B), a protein of the chromosomal passenger complex that has many targets and can also phosphorylate and regulate MCAK localization and activity. Therefore we explored the role of MCAK in maturing mouse oocytes by immunofluorescence, overexpression of a MCAK–EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion protein, knockdown of MCAK by RNAi (RNA interference) and inhibition of AURKB. The observations suggest that MCAK is involved in spindle regulation, chromosome congression and cell-cycle control, and that reductions in mRNA and protein in a context of permissive SAC (spindle assembly checkpoint) predispose to aneuploidy. Failure to recruit MCAK to centromeres and low expression patterns, as well as disturbances in regulation of enzyme localization and activity, e.g. due to alterations in activity of AURKB, may therefore contribute to maternal age-related rises in aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes.
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Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Wieczorek M, Lüke S, Seidel T. Age related changes in mitochondrial function and new approaches to study redox regulation in mammalian oocytes in response to age or maturation conditions. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:783-96. [PMID: 20817047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are long-lived cells in the human body. They initiate meiosis already in the embryonic ovary, arrest meiotically for long periods in dictyate stage, and resume meiosis only after extensive growth and a surge of luteinizing hormone which mediates signaling events that overcome meiotic arrest. Few mitochondria are initially present in the primordial germ cells while there are mitogenesis and structural and functional differentiation and stage-specific formation of functionally diverse domains of mitochondria during oogenesis. Mitochondria are most prominent cell organelles in oocytes and their activities appear essential for normal spindle formation and chromosome segregation, and they are one of the most important maternal contributions to early embryogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria are discussed as major factor in predisposition to chromosomal nondisjunction during first and second meiotic division and mitotic errors in embryos, and in reduced quality and developmental potential of aged oocytes and embryos. Several lines of evidence suggest that damage by oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species in dependence of age, altered antioxidative defence and/or altered environment and bi-directional signaling between oocyte and the somatic cells in the follicle contribute to reduced quality of oocytes and blocked or aberrant development of embryos after fertilization. The review provides an overview of mitogenesis during oogenesis and some recent data on oxidative defence systems in mammalian oocytes, and on age-related changes as well as novel approaches to study redox regulation in mitochondria and ooplasm. The latter may provide new insights into age-, environment- and cryopreservation-induced stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eichenlaub-Ritter
- University of Bielefeld, Faculty of Biology, Gene Technology/Microbiology, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Chromosome 21 non-disjunction and Down syndrome birth in an Indian cohort: analysis of incidence and aetiology from family linkage data. Genet Res (Camb) 2010; 92:189-97. [DOI: 10.1017/s0016672310000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryWe analysed the family linkage data obtained from short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of 212 unrelated Indian families having a single Down syndrome (DS) baby each, in order to explore the incidence and aetiology of this human aneuploidy in our cohort. The estimated values of maternal meiotic I and meiotic II non-disjunction (NDJ) errors of chromosome 21 (Ch 21) were ~78 and ~22%, respectively. Within the paternal outcome group, about 47 and 53% were accounted for NDJ at meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively. We estimated only ~2% post-zygotic mitotic errors. The comparison of average age of conception between controls and DS-bearing mothers revealed a significant difference (P<0·001) with DS-bearing women were on an average older than controls and meiotic II non-disjoined mothers were oldest among meiotic outcome groups. Our linkage analysis suggested an overall reduction in recombination by more than 50% on meiotic I non-disjoined maternal Ch 21 with error prone to susceptible chiasma formation within the ~5·1 kbp segment near the telomeric end. We stratified meiotic I non-disjoined women in three age groups, viz. young (⩽28 years), middle (29–34 years) and old (⩾35 years) and found linear decrease in the frequency of achiasmate meiosis from the young to the old group. In contrary, a linear increase in the multiple chiasma frequency from the young to the old group was observed. Considering these results together, we propose that the risk factors for Ch 21 NDJ are of two types, one being ‘maternal age-independent’ and the other being ‘maternal age-dependent’. Moreover, a comparison of our present Indian dataset with that of other published data of ethnically different populations suggested that the genetics that underlies the NDJ of Ch 21 is probably universal irrespective of racial difference across human populations. The present study is the first population-based report on any DS cohort from the Indian subcontinent and our work will help future workers in understanding better the aetiology of this birth defect.
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Fisiología reproductiva y cambios evolutivos con la edad de la mujer. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(10)70545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Earnest A, Beard JR, Morgan G, Lincoln D, Summerhayes R, Donoghue D, Dunn T, Muscatello D, Mengersen K. Small area estimation of sparse disease counts using shared component models-application to birth defect registry data in New South Wales, Australia. Health Place 2010; 16:684-93. [PMID: 20335062 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of disease mapping, little has been done to address the issue of analysing sparse health datasets. We hypothesised that by modelling two outcomes simultaneously, one would be able to better estimate the outcome with a sparse count. We tested this hypothesis utilising Bayesian models, studying both birth defects and caesarean sections using data from two large, linked birth registries in New South Wales from 1990 to 2004. We compared four spatial models across seven birth defects: spina bifida, ventricular septal defect, OS atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, cleft lip and or palate, trisomy 21 and hypospadias. For three of the birth defects, the shared component model with a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) extension performed better than other simpler models, having a lower deviance information criteria (DIC). With spina bifida, the ratio of relative risk associated with the shared component was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.46-5.67). We found that shared component models are potentially beneficial, but only if there is a reasonably strong spatial correlation in effect for the study and referent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Earnest
- Northern Rivers University Department of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, 55 Uralba Street, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia.
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Haadsma ML, Groen H, Mooij TM, Burger CW, Broekmans FJ, Lambalk CB, Leeuwen FEV, Hoek A. Miscarriage risk for IVF pregnancies in poor responders to ovarian hyperstimulation. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 20:191-200. [PMID: 20113957 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The increasing miscarriage rate with advancing female age is attributed to a decline in oocyte quality. A poor response to ovarian hyperstimulation is often an expression of a decrease in oocyte quantity. Although oocyte quality and quantity both decrease as a result of ovarian ageing, it is unclear whether these two processes are related to each other. To investigate the relationship between oocyte quantity and quality, we compared miscarriage rates between IVF treated women with a poor and normal response, respectively. Data were studied from a retrospective nationwide cohort of Dutch women undergoing IVF treatment from 1983 to 1995. Women achieving an ongoing pregnancy after their first complete IVF cycle (n=1468) were compared with those experiencing miscarriage (n=357) with respect to their ovarian response. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between poor response (fewer than four retrieved oocytes) and miscarriage (P=0.001). Due to interaction, this association became stronger with increasing female age. Among women < 36 years, miscarriage rates between poor and normal responders did not differ, whereas among women 36 years poor responders had a statistically significant increased miscarriage rate compared with normal responders (P=0.001). These results support the hypothesis of a relationship between quantitative ovarian reserve and oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike L Haadsma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Veiby G, Daltveit AK, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Pregnancy, delivery, and outcome for the child in maternal epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009; 50:2130-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Menopause is the final step in the process referred to as ovarian ageing. The age related decrease in follicle numbers dictates the onset of cycle irregularity and the final cessation of menses. The parallel decay in oocyte quality contributes to the gradual decline in fertility and the final occurrence of natural sterility. Endocrine changes mainly relate to the decline in the negative feedback from ovarian factors at the hypothalamo-pituitary unit. The declining cohort of antral follicles with age first results in gradually elevated FSH levels, followed by subsequent stages of overt cycle irregularity. The gradual decline in the size of the antral follicle cohort is best represented by decreasing levels of anti-Mullerian hormone. The variability of ovarian ageing among women is evident from the large variation in age at menopause. The identification of women who have severely decreased ovarian reserve for their age is clinically relevant. Ovarian reserve tests have appeared to be fairly accurate in predicting response to ovarian stimulation in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) setting. The capacity to predict the chances for spontaneous pregnancy or pregnancy after ART appears very limited. As menopause and the preceding decline in oocyte quality seem to have a fixed time interval, tests that predict the age at menopause may be useful to assess individual reproductive lifespan. Especially genetic studies, both addressing candidate gene and genome wide association, have identified several interesting loci of small genetic variation that may determine fetal follicle pool development and subsequent wastage of his pool over time. Improved knowledge of the ovarian ageing mechanisms may ultimately provide tools for prediction of menopause and manipulation of the early steps of folliculogenesis for the purpose of contraception and fertility lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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