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Mineralizing Gelatin Microparticles as Cell Carrier and Drug Delivery System for siRNA for Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030548. [PMID: 35335924 PMCID: PMC8949427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The local release of complexed siRNA from biomaterials opens precisely targeted therapeutic options. In this study, complexed siRNA was loaded to gelatin microparticles cross-linked (cGM) with an anhydride-containing oligomer (oPNMA). We aggregated these siRNA-loaded cGM with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissues and stimulated them with osteogenic supplements. An efficient knockdown of chordin, a BMP-2 antagonist, caused a remarkably increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the microtissues. cGM, as a component of microtissues, mineralized in a differentiation medium within 8–9 days, both in the presence and in the absence of cells. In order to investigate the effects of our pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues on bone homeostasis, we simulated in vivo conditions in an unstimulated co-culture system of hMSC and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). We found enhanced ALP activity and osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in the model system compared to control microtissues. Our results suggest osteoanabolic effects of pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues.
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Pal Singh P, Vithalapuram V, Metre S, Kodipyaka R. Lipoplex-based therapeutics for effective oligonucleotide delivery: a compendious review. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:313-335. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1652645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pirthi Pal Singh
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Veena Vithalapuram
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunita Metre
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravinder Kodipyaka
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Mukalel AJ, Riley RS, Zhang R, Mitchell MJ. Nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery: Applications in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:102-112. [PMID: 31100411 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for cancer treatment. Early clinical successes from cancer immunotherapy have led to a growing list of FDA approvals, and many new therapies are in clinical and preclinical development. Nucleic acid therapeutics, including DNA, mRNA, and genome editing systems, hold significant potential as a form of immunotherapy due to its robust use in cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell therapy, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutics must overcome numerous delivery obstacles to be successful, including rapid in vivo degradation, poor uptake into target cells, required nuclear entry, and potential in vivo toxicity in healthy cells and tissues. Nanoparticle delivery systems have been engineered to overcome several of these barriers as a means to safely and effectively deliver nucleic acid therapeutics to immune cells. In this Review, we discuss the applications of nucleic acid therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, and we detail how nanoparticle platforms have been designed to deliver mRNA, DNA, and genome editing systems to enhance the potency and safety of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Belička M, Klacsová M, Karlovská J, Westh P, Devínsky F, Balgavý P. Molecular and component volumes of N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylamine N-oxides in DOPC bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 180:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Belička M, Kučerka N, Uhríková D, Islamov AK, Kuklin AI, Devínsky F, Balgavý P. Effects of N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylamine-N-oxides on DOPC bilayers in unilamellar vesicles: small-angle neutron scattering study. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:179-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. J Control Release 2010; 147:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lv H, Zhang S, Wang B, Cui S, Yan J. Toxicity of cationic lipids and cationic polymers in gene delivery. J Control Release 2006; 114:100-9. [PMID: 16831482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1562] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, as a promising therapeutics to treat genetic or acquired diseases, has achieved exciting development in the past two decades. Appropriate gene vectors can be crucial for gene transfer. Cationic lipids and polymers, the most important non-viral vectors, have many advantages over viral ones as non-immunogenic, easy to produce and not oncogenic. They hold the promise to replace viral vectors to be used in clinic. However, the toxicity is still an obstacle to the application of non-viral vectors to gene therapy. For overcoming the problem, many new cationic compounds have been developed. This article provides a review with respect to toxicity of cationic lipids and polymers in gene delivery. We evaluate the structural features of cationic compounds and summarize the relationship of toxicity and structure and hope to provide available suggestions on the development of these cationic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lv
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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Karlovská J, Lohner K, Degovics G, Lacko I, Devínsky F, Balgavý P. Effects of non-ionic surfactants N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxides on the structure of a phospholipid bilayer: small-angle X-ray diffraction study. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 129:31-41. [PMID: 14998725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of non-ionic surfactants N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxides (C(n)NO, n is the number of alkyl carbons) on the structure of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) bilayers in the lamellar fluid phase was studied by small-angle X-ray diffraction as a function of H(2)O:EYPC and C(n)NO:EYPC molar ratios. The bilayer thickness d(L) and the lipid surface area at the bilayer-aqueous interface S(L) were calculated from the repeat period, d of the lamellar phase, based on the model that water and EYPC + CnNO molecules form separated layers and that their molecular volumes are additive. In the studied range of m=CnNO:EYPC molar ratios up to 1:1, d(L) and S(L) change linearly. The slopes Delta L = delta dL/ delta m and Delta S= delta S L / delta m are equal to -0.876 +/- 0.027 nm and 0.347 +/- 0.006 nm2 for C(6)NO, -1.025+/-0.060 nm and 0.433+/-0.025 nm(2) for C(8)NO, -0.836+/-0.046 nm and 0.405+/-0.018 nm(2) for C(10)NO, -0.604+/-0.015 nm and 0.375+/-0.007 nm(2) for C(12)NO, -0.279+/-0.031 nm and 0.318+/-0.005 nm(2) for C(14)NO, -0.0865+/-0.070 nm and 0.2963 +/-0.014 nm(2) for C(16)NO, and -0.040+/-0.022 nm and 0.297+/- 0.002 nm(2) for C(18)NO, respectively, at full bilayer hydration. The peak-peak distance in the bilayer electron density profile, which relates to the P-P distance d(PP), obtained from the first four diffraction peaks by the Fourier transform also depends linearly on m, and the slope Delta PP = delta dPP/delta m is -0.528+/-0.065 nm for C(6)NO, -0.680+/-0.018 nm for C(8)NO, -0.573+/-0.021 nm for C(10)NO, -0.369+/-0.075 nm for C(12)NO, -0.190+/-0.015 for C(14)NO, -0.088+/-0.016 nm for C(16)NO and -0.094+/-0.016 nm for C(18)NO. The effects of C(n)NO on Delta(L), Delta(S) and Delta(PP) are the results of C(n)NO insertion into EYPC bilayers and depend on the hydrophobic mismatch between C(n)NO and EYPC hydrocarbon chains and on the lateral interactions of C(n)NO and EYPC in the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Karlovská
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava SK-832 32, Slovak Republic
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Dass CR. Biochemical and biophysical characteristics of lipoplexes pertinent to solid tumour gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2002; 241:1-25. [PMID: 12086717 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes have become the reagent of choice for transfer of nucleic acids such as plasmids and oligodeoxynucleotides to cells in culture and in vivo. Whilst these reagents have several advantages over other forms of nucleic acid transfer methods, toxicity remains a significant problem, especially in vivo. Recent studies have also highlighted the immunostimulatory nature of these cationic vesicles when complexed to plasmid DNA, a phenomenon that may be harnessed for efficacious usage against tumours. Current research in this dynamic technological field is aimed at the development of cationic lipids that have negligible toxic effects and enhanced transfection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R Dass
- Johnson & Johnson Research, 1 Central Avenue, Australian Technology Park, 1430, Eveleigh, Australia.
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Abstract
Cationic liposomes bind with nucleic acids such as plasmids and oligodeoxynucleotides to form complexes known as lipoplexes. Although these lipoplexes have several advantages over other forms of nucleic acid transfer methods in cell culture and in-vivo, toxicity remains a problem, especially in-vivo. Nevertheless, these carriers have been used in clinical trials against cystic fibrosis and cancer and their usage is attributed mainly to their versatility, especially when it comes to the range of routes available for administration of nucleic-acid-based drugs in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R Dass
- Johnson & Johnson Research, Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
In the homologous series of long hydrocarbon chain surface active compounds, their various biological activities increase progressively with increasing chain length up to a critical point, beyond which the compounds cease to be active. The paper reviews several hypotheses of this cut-off effect in biological activities and experimental evidences supporting them. It is suggested that the lateral expansion of the phospholipid bilayer of biological membranes caused by the intercalation of long-chain amphiphile molecules between the phospholipid molecules and the mismatch between their hydrocarbon chain lengths results in the creation of free volume in the bilayer hydrophobic region. The elimination of the free volume via the hydrocarbon chain trans-gauche isomerisation or interdigitation results in the bilayer thickness change or in its destabilisation and formation of non-bilayer phase(s). In combination with the partition and ionisation equilibria of amphiphiles in the lipid/aqueous phase systems, the free volume predicts similar chain length and pH dependencies as observed in biological experiments. It is suggested that the free volume mechanism, in combination with other mechanisms, could be responsible for the cut-off effects in biological activities of amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balgavý
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, J.A. Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mikes A, Ferencík M, Jahnová E, Ebringer L, Ciznár I. Hypocholesterolemic and immunostimulatory effects of orally applied Enterococcus faecium M-74 in man. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1995; 40:639-46. [PMID: 8768254 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lyophilized Enterococcus faecium M-74 was administered to 12 adult subjects in a daily oral dose of 5 x 10(9) bacteria for six weeks. The bacterium temporarily colonized the host intestine and its excretion with stool persisted for five weeks after the last does. The mean levels of serum cholesterol and LDL showed a a biphasic effect--an elevation followed by a sharp decrease (on day 64 of investigation). The decrease corresponded in time with a significant increase in the ability to reduce iodonitrotetrazolium and superoxide production by peripheral neutrophils incubated with zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate, and also with an elevated production of IgG by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hence, intake of E. faecium may have a hypocholesterolemic and immunostimulatory effect. It was also demonstrated that E. faecium significantly reduced the average activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in stools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mikes
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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