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Sukov WR, Cheville JC, Giannini C, Carlson AW, Shearer BM, Sinnwell JP, Ketterling RP. Isochromosome 12p and polysomy 12 in primary central nervous system germ cell tumors: frequency and association with clinicopathologic features. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Palmer RD, Foster NA, Vowler SL, Roberts I, Thornton CM, Hale JP, Schneider DT, Nicholson JC, Coleman N. Malignant germ cell tumours of childhood: new associations of genomic imbalance. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:667-76. [PMID: 17285132 PMCID: PMC2360055 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant germ cell tumours (MGCTs) of childhood are a rare group of neoplasms that comprise many histological subtypes and arise at numerous different sites. Genomic imbalances have been described in these tumours but, largely because of the paucity of cases reported in the literature, it is unclear how they relate to abnormalities in adult MGCTs and impact on potential systems for classifying GCTs. We have used metaphase-based comparative genomic hybridisation to analyse the largest series of paediatric MGCTs reported to date, representing 34 primary tumours (22 yolk sac tumours (YSTs), 11 germinomatous tumours and one metastatic embryonal carcinoma) occurring in children from birth to age 16, including 17 ovarian MGCTs. The large dataset enabled us to undertake statistical analysis, with the aim of identifying associations worthy of further investigation between patterns of genomic imbalance and clinicopathological parameters. The YSTs showed an increased frequency of 1p- (P=0.003), 3p+ (P=0.02), 4q− (P=0.07) and 6q− (P=0.004) compared to germinomatous tumours. Gain of 12p, which is invariably seen in adult MGCTs, was present in 53% of primary MGCTs of children aged 5–16 and was also observed in four of 14 YSTs affecting children less than 5. Two of these cases (14% of MGCTs in children less than 5) showed gain of the 12p11 locus considered to be particularly relevant in adult MGCTs. Gain of 12p showed a significant association with gain of 12q. Conversely, MGCTs without 12p gain displayed a significantly increased frequency of loss on 16p (P=0.04), suggesting that this imbalance may contribute to tumour development in such cases. This data provides new insight into the biology of this under-investigated tumour group and will direct future studies on the significance of specific genetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Palmer
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XZ, UK.
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Okada Y, Nishikawa R, Matsutani M, Louis DN. Hypomethylated X chromosome gain and rare isochromosome 12p in diverse intracranial germ cell tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002; 61:531-8. [PMID: 12071636 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/61.6.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five primary intracranial germ cell tumors (11 germinomas, 5 teratomas, 5 mixed teratomas-germinomas. 1 mixed choriocarcinoma-teratoma, 1 yolk sac tumor, 1 mixed yolk sac tumor-teratoma, and 1embryonal carcinoma; from 24 males and 1 female) were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes to the X and Y chromosomes, chromosome 12p, the CDKN2A/p16 gene, and chromosome 13q-loci previously noted to be altered in either intracranial or systemic germ cell tumors. An increased number of X chromosomes, typically 1 extra copy, was observed in 23 of 25 cases (92%), with methylation-sensitive PCR demonstrating that the additional X chromosomes were hypomethylated in 13 of 16 (81%) studied tumors. Five cases (20%) had increased copy numbers of 12p (including tumors with isochromosome 12p), and 3 (12%) had 13q loss. No tumors had CDKN2A/p16 deletion or mutation, and 16 of 25 (64%) were positive for p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Genetic alterations such as isochromosome 12p, 13q loss and CDKN2A/p16 are therefore not common in intracranial germ cell tumors. However, gains of hypomethylated, active X chromosomes occur in nearly all intracranial germ cell tumors, regardless of histological subtype. Along with the observed male predominance of intracranial germ cell tumors and the predisposition in Klinefelter syndrome patients for these lesions, the data argue strongly that sex chromosome aberrations, rather than isochromosome 12p, are integral to intracranial germ cell tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Okada
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Bussey KJ, Lawce HJ, Himoe E, Shu XO, Suijkerbuijk RF, Olson SB, Magenis RE. Chromosomes 1 and 12 abnormalities in pediatric germ cell tumors by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 125:112-8. [PMID: 11369053 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome studies of pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) show differences in abnormalities dependent on age, sex, tumor location, and histology. Previous studies suggest that loss of 1p is associated with a malignant phenotype, while amplification of 12p, a common finding in adult testicular GCTs, is uncommon in pediatric GCTs. Fifty-three pediatric GCTs were analyzed for 1p36 loss and 12p amplification by G-banding and dual-color interphase FISH with probes for the centromere and short arm of chromosomes 1 or 12. Twelve tumors with loss of 1p36 were identified. No deletion was detected in tumors with nonmalignant histology, such that there was a significant association of 1p loss with malignancy in these tumors (P = 0.00115). Five of 18 tumors from male patients had amplification of 12p, consistent with G-band results. Combined analysis of our data with those in the literature revealed a significant correlation of 12p amplification with patient age (P = 0.000196). Amplification of 12p was only seen in one of 35 tumors from female patients. Five female GCTs had numerical abnormalities of chromosome 12, and two tumors showed complete lack of 12p. This spectrum of abnormalities differs from what is seen in the male tumors, providing further evidence for different etiologies of GCTs between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Bussey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., MP350, 97201, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
A large variety of mass lesions have been reported in the region of the pineal gland. Pineal parenchymal tumors and germ cell tumors (GCTs) are especially characteristic of this region. Despite their rarity, a number of excellent studies on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of pineal parenchymal tumors and pineal region GCTs have been published. These studies draw attention to a number of distinct genomic regions recurrently involved in the various subtypes of malignancies of the pineal gland. Outcomes for tumors in this location vary widely between patients and among differing histologies. Development of novel therapies for patients with poor prognoses will depend on the acquisition of a more detailed understanding of the molecular basis associated with the etiopathogenesis of these neoplasms. We review the literature on cytogenetics, familial syndromes, animal models and molecular genetics of pineal region neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
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Bussey KJ, Lawce HJ, Olson SB, Arthur DC, Kalousek DK, Krailo M, Giller R, Heifetz S, Womer R, Magenis RE. Chromosome abnormalities of eighty-one pediatric germ cell tumors: Sex-, age-, site-, and histopathology-related differences?a Children's Cancer Group study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199906)25:2<134::aid-gcc9>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-3881, USA
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Lemos JA, Barbieri-Neto J, Casartelli C. Primary intracranial germ cell tumors without an isochromosome 12p. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 100:124-8. [PMID: 9428355 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary intracranial germ cell tumors are the result of the transformation of primordial cells that are unable to migrate to their normal place. These tumors are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all intracranial tumors and less than 3% of childhood neoplasias. In this paper, we have studied cytogenetically two primary intracranial germ cell tumors, a pineal region germinoma, and a mature teratoma in the right lateral ventricle. Neither tumor presented polyploidy or isochromosome 12p, considered to be characteristic of gonadal germ cell tumors. In the five reports in the literature, only one intracranial germ cell tumor presented i(12p). Perhaps i(12p) negative cases characterize a subtype of germ cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lemos
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors comprise a wide variety of histologic subtypes ranging from the benign juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma to the highly aggressive atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Although some brain tumors are seen in association with inherited genetic disorders which predispose to malignancies, most are sporadic. Current knowledge regarding the cytogenetic and molecular genetic events which have been implicated in the development or progression of common brain tumors in children in the subject of this review. METHODS Combined cytogenetic and molecular genetic approaches, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, have been used to identify genomic alterations in different histologic types of pediatric brain tumors. RESULTS The most frequent abnormality in primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma is an i(17q), present in approximately 50% of cases. This finding implicates the presence of a tumor suppressor gene on 17p, which is important in tumor development. A number of genes on 17p have been eliminated as candidates for this locus, including TP53. A tumor suppressor gene in chromosome band 22q11.2 has been hypothesized to play a role in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, and positional cloning strategies are in progress to identify a rhabdoid tumor gene. Chromosome 22 deletions are also seen in meningiomas and a small percentage of ependymomas, but it is not yet known whether the same gene is responsible for more than one malignancy. With regard to childhood astrocytomas, tumor-associated genetic changes have not yet been identified for the common juvenile pilocytic or low grade diffuse astrocytoma. In contrast, malignant anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme have abnormalities similar to those seen in adults, including loss of alleles on 17p13 and TP53 mutations, trisomy 7, EGFR rearrangements, and loss of chromosomes 10 and 22. CONCLUSIONS The presence of tumor-associated genetic abnormalities has clinical utility in a differential diagnostic setting, and has lead to the identification of genes which contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Biegel
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Stock C, Strehl S, Fink FM, Bauer S, Lion T, Kreczy A, Gadner H, Ambros PF. Isochromosome 12p and maternal loss of 1p36 in a pediatric testicular germ cell tumor. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 91:95-100. [PMID: 8944752 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of a pediatric germ cell tumor by conventional cytogenetic investigation and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed consistently the presence of two isochromosomes 12p, loss of the maternal band 1p36, and other numerical and structural chromosome changes. The rearrangements observed resulted mainly from breaks occurring at paracentromeric regions. This report represents the first description of i(12)(p10) in a pediatric testicular embryonal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Austria
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Sainati L, Bolcato S, Montaldi A, Celli P, Stella M, Leszl A, Silvestro L, Perilongo G, Cordero di Montezemolo L, Basso G. Cytogenetics of pediatric central nervous system tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 91:13-27. [PMID: 8908162 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cytogenetic analysis was performed on short-term cultures of 43 previously untreated childhood central nervous system neoplasms of various histology. The cells were obtained from pediatric patients, none of whom had received therapy before karyotypic evaluation. Successful chromosome studies were performed on 24 tumors. The most commonly detected structural abnormalities involved chromosomes 1 and 17. Other structural chromosome abnormalities involved chromosomes 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sainati
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Padova, Italy
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Jenderny J, Köster E, Meyer A, Borchers O, Grote W, Harms D, Jänig U. Detection of chromosome aberrations in paraffin sections of seven gonadal yolk sac tumors of childhood. Hum Genet 1995; 96:644-50. [PMID: 8522320 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Yolk sac tumors are the most frequent kind of malignant pediatric germ cell tumor and may have a fundamentally different pathogenesis than adult germ cell tumors. Since few cytogenetic studies have been performed so far, in situ hybridization was applied to interphase cell nuclei of seven gonadal yolk sac tumors of childhood in routine paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The panel of chromosome-specific DNA probes was selected on the basis of their relevance in adult germ cell tumors and consisted of five DNA probes specific for the (peri)centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 8, 12, 17 and/or X and/or one DNA probe specific for the subtelomeric region of chromosome 1 (p36.3). As in adult germ cell tumors, all pediatric gonadal yolk sac tumors had an increased incidence of numerical chromosome aberrations. All tumors showed an overrepresentation of at least three chromosomes. Gains of chromosome 12, which is highly specific in adult germ cell tumors, were diagnosed in six pediatric gonadal yolk sac tumors. The DNA indices determined in the paraffin-embedded tumor material correlated well with the in situ hybridization findings. A chromosome was either over- or underrepresented, compared with the corresponding DNA indices, in only a few cases. The short arm of chromosome 1 in adult germ cell tumors is often involved in structural aberrations. In pediatric germ cell tumors, the short arm of chromosome 1 is also a nonrandom site of structural aberrations. Moreover, the presence of a deletion at 1p36.3 in four out of five tumors suggests that the loss of gene(s) in this region is an important event in the pathogenesis of gonadal yolk sac tumors of childhood.
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van Echten J, de Jong B, Sinke RJ, Weghuis DO, Sleijfer DT, Oosterhuis JW. Definition of a new entity of malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 12:8-15. [PMID: 7534118 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors are reported, histologically classified as immature teratomas, having pseudodiploid karyotypes with complex structural rearrangements but lacking isochromosome 12p or other rearrangements involving 12p. The absence of 12p material in structural rearrangements was confirmed by chromosome painting. In the two tumors the following common chromosomal breakpoints were found: 6p21, 6p22, 6q23, and 11q13. Exactly the same chromosomal regions, 6p22::6q23 and 6p21::11q13, were involved in fusions. The two tumors belong to a new entity of extragonadal immature teratomas of adults which may be located in the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum and are prone to blood borne metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Echten
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Stock C, Ambros IM, Lion T, Haas OA, Zoubek A, Gadner H, Ambros PF. Detection of numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities in pediatric germ cell tumors by means of interphase cytogenetics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 11:40-50. [PMID: 7529045 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the cytogenetically well characterized testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) in adults, reports on cytogenetic studies in pediatric GCT are scarce. The presence of an i(12p) and numerical abnormalities involving chromosome 12 are the most frequent cytogenetic changes in GCT of adults. We have performed in situ hybridization (ISH) studies on paraffin sections and on isolated nuclei of 13 pediatric GCT with particular emphasis on those chromosome abnormalities that are common in adult GCT. These include numerical and structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 12 as well as numerical deviations of chromosomes 8, 10, X, and Y. The histological subsets of the tumors investigated included two dysgerminomas (DGE), one seminoma (SE), two embryonal carcinomas (EC), four mixed and two pure yolk sac tumors (YST), and one undifferentiated (IT) and one differentiated teratoma (TD). Similar to the GCT in adults, additional copies of chromosome 12 were the most frequently observed numerical abnormalities. In contrast to the findings in adult GCT, changes in the size of the pericentromeric hybridization signals of chromosome 12, suggesting the presence of i(12p) chromosomes, were found in only two cases. No chromosome abnormalities were found in the pure TD or in the TD cells of mixed tumors containing a YST component. In the YST portion, however, Ip deletions and/or numerical chromosome changes were present. Surprisingly, deletions of the short arm of chromosome I, del(I)(p36.3), were frequent in pediatric GCT and were the sole abnormality detected in two cases. The Ip36 deletions were present in all stage-IV EC and YST investigated and were absent in the relatively benign TD and in one YST stage-I. Therefore, Ip36 deletions may have value as a prognostic marker in pediatric GCT.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Aneuploidy
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Choriocarcinoma/genetics
- Choriocarcinoma/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Dysgerminoma/genetics
- Dysgerminoma/pathology
- Endodermal Sinus Tumor/genetics
- Endodermal Sinus Tumor/pathology
- Female
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/genetics
- Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Germinoma/genetics
- Germinoma/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Male
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Paraffin Embedding
- Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/genetics
- Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology
- Sacrum
- Seminoma/genetics
- Seminoma/pathology
- Spinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Spinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Teratoma/genetics
- Teratoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
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Hoffner L, Deka R, Chakravarti A, Surti U. Cytogenetics and origins of pediatric germ cell tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 74:54-8. [PMID: 8194048 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present cytogenetic and DNA fingerprint analysis on 13 new cases of pediatric germ cell tumors; we analyze further four cases we have reported previously. The patients ranged in age from 23 weeks gestation to 16 years. The tumors were located in the ovary, sacrococcygeum, testis, mediastinum, and the craniofacial region, and represented benign, immature, and malignant cases. All of the new cases had a normal diploid karyotype. We have previously reported on multiple genetic mechanisms of origin for ovarian germ cell tumors, namely meiosis I nondisjunction, meiosis II nondisjunction, endoreduplication of a haploid ovum, mitotic division of premeiotic germ cell, and fusion of two ova. To determine the origin of extragonadal and testicular GCTs, Q-band centromeric heteromorphisms and DNA markers were analyzed in the host and the cognate tumor. Our data suggest that extragonadal and testicular GCTs do not arise by a meiosis I or II error, or by endoreduplication; rather, they arise mitotically from either a somatic or a germ cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hoffner
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Casalone R, Righi R, Granata P, Portentoso P, Minelli E, Solero CL, Allegranza A. Cerebral germ cell tumor and XXY karyotype. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 74:25-9. [PMID: 8194043 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metaphases from a cultured cerebral germ cell tumor (CGCT) in a boy with a 46,XY constitutional karyotype had 47 chromosomes with an additional X chromosome and a translocation (1;21)(q11;p11). CGCT appear to be nonrandomly associated with Klinefelter syndrome, and a supernumerary X chromosome and trisomy of the 1q21-->1qter region may be clonal abnormalities in these tumors. The predisposition of Klinefelter patients to develop CGCT may be due to the pathogenetic relevance of the extra X chromosome both as an acquired and a constitutional abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalone
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Italy
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Neumann E, Kalousek DK, Norman MG, Steinbok P, Cochrane DD, Goddard K. Cytogenetic analysis of 109 pediatric central nervous system tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 71:40-9. [PMID: 8275451 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reports of cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are important for collection and comparison of large numbers of karyotypes of primary CNS neoplasms to produce statistically significant correlations. We report cytogenetic results of 119 samples of pediatric CNS tumors from 109 patients. Tumors included 33 low-grade astrocytomas, 18 high-grade astrocytomas, 14 gangliogliomas, 13 ependymomas, 17 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), three choroid plexus papillomas and carcinomas, and a miscellaneous group of 20 rare primary CNS tumors and metastases. In each group, cytogenetic results were correlated with histologic subtype and survival. The study indicated specific chromosome abnormalities in different groups of tumors. Low-grade astrocytomas showed mostly numeric abnormalities with gains of chromosome 7, high-grade astrocytomas showed differences from karyotypic changes observed in adults in lacking double minutes (dmin) and monosomy 10. The ependymoma group showed the largest proportion of abnormal karyotypes with frequent involvement of chromosome 6 and 16. Chromosome 6 was the single most common abnormal chromosome in this study, closely followed by chromosomes 1 and 11. Pediatric CNS neoplasms differ from adult tumors cytogenetically as well as histologically and biologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neumann
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Albrecht S, Armstrong DL, Mahoney DH, Cheek WR, Cooley LD. Cytogenetic demonstration of gene amplification in a primary intracranial germ cell tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1993; 6:61-3. [PMID: 7680224 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the cytogenetic analysis of a primary pineal germinoma. The modal chromosome number was 81. Multiple numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities were noted along with a large homogeneously staining region (HSR). No isochromosome 12p was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Albrecht
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Ilson DH, Bosl GJ, Motzer R, Dmitrovsky E, Chaganti R. Genetic Analysis of Germ Cell Tumors: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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