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Lee EB, Sayem SAJ, Lee GY, Kim TW, Hossain MA, Park SC. Assessment of Plasma Tylosin Concentrations: A Comparative Study of Immunoassay, Microbiological Assay, and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1023. [PMID: 37370342 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing affordable and uncomplicated sample preparation techniques to recommend the most efficient antibacterial therapy could help reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the suitability of immunoassays and microbiological assays as alternatives for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in determining plasma tylosin concentrations after intramuscular administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg to both healthy and diseased pigs in clinical veterinary practice. The diseased pigs were confirmed using the target genes Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (apxIVA) and Pasteurella multocida (kmt1). The methods showed good linearity, precision, and accuracy. In both healthy and diseased pigs, a significant correlation was observed between LC/MS and the microbiological assay (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.930, p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.950, p < 0.001) and between LC/MS and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.933; p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.976, p < 0.001). A strong correlation was observed between the microbiological assay and the ELISA in both healthy and diseased pigs (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.911; p < 0.001 vs. Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.908, p < 0.001). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between the methods, i.e., 95% of the differences were within the limits of agreement. Therefore, the microbiological assay and the ELISA, which demonstrated sufficient precision and accuracy, can be viable alternatives to LC/MS when it is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Simmons JH. Development, application, and quality control of serology assays used for diagnostic monitoring of laboratory nonhuman primates. ILAR J 2008; 49:157-69. [PMID: 18323578 PMCID: PMC7672266 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.49.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The careful development, validation, and implementation of serodiagnostic assays can provide reliable results that make them a valuable tool in microbial quality control for nonhuman primates. This article includes identification and description of the components of assay development, including formulas for calculating the number of positive serum samples needed for assay validation and methods for calculating their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. To ensure that assays are performing within predetermined specifications, there must be a quality control system that includes appropriate system and sample suitability controls as well as mechanisms to track assay performance over time. The section on quality assurance includes definitions of precision and accuracy in assay performance, and how to interpret these two factors using the Levey-Jennings chart, Westgard's rules, and other monitoring methods. Because all serologic assays are prone to false positive and false negative results, it is essential to interpret all diagnostic test results using both the expected prevalence of disease in the population and the population-specific assay performance characteristics that are determined during assay validation. The discussion on interpreting diagnostic test results also includes guidelines for calculating the positive and negative predictive values of an assay and for interpreting results based on the disease prevalence of the test population. A glossary provides definitions of commonly used terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe H Simmons
- Charles River Laboratories, 251 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA.
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Liska V, Lerche NW, Ruprecht RM. Simultaneous detection of simian retrovirus type D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 by polymerase chain reaction. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997; 13:433-7. [PMID: 9075485 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1997.13.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic infection of macaques with macaques with simian retroviruses type D (SRV/D), the etiologic agents of one form of retrovirus-induced simian immunodeficiency disease, can confound experiments with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which also induces immunodeficiency disease in macaques. The SIV/macaque model is the preferred nonhuman primate model for AIDS-related research. Serological screening for SRV/D alone is insufficient because not all infected animals seroconvert, and virus isolation by cocultivation may require 4 to 6 weeks. We have established a DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. One set of nested primers allows detection of SRV/D serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and distinguishes SRV-2 from the other two serotypes. The PCR assay is sensitive; a single proviral copy of SRV/D could be detected in 150,000 to 210,000 macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When applied to a panel of virus isolation-positive macaque samples, the PCR assay was positive in 100% of the tests. No false-positive results were seen when known specific-pathogen-free (SPF) macaques were examined. We propose that macaques be screened with a combination of SRV/D serology and this DNA PCR assay prior to enrollment in experiments with SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Liska
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lerche NW, Heneine W, Kaplan JE, Spira T, Yee JL, Khabbaz RF. An expanded search for human infection with simian type D retrovirus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1995; 11:527-9. [PMID: 7632467 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1995.11.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N W Lerche
- Virology and Immunology Unit, California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Chen Z, Ben K, Tian B, Zheng Y. Serological survey of a captive macaque colony in China for antibodies to simian type D retroviruses. J Med Primatol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1992.tb00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Chen
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Medical CollegeKunmingYunnanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kunlong Ben
- Laboratory for Primate ImmunologyKunmingYunnanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Tian
- Unit of Animal ColonyKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- Laboratory for Primate ImmunologyKunmingYunnanPeople's Republic of China
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Schultz KT, Thomas C, Toohey K, Curro T. ELISA for detection of antibodies to a type D retrovirus, SRV-W. Viral Immunol 1989; 2:47-55. [PMID: 2545226 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1989.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to a Type D retrovirus, SRV-W. The interpretation of the ELISA results were based on: 1) Comparisons of known antibody positive (to a closely related type D retrovirus) and negative serum samples, 2) the ability of ELISA reactivity to be absorbed with a Type D virus but not a mock virus preparation, and 3) analysis by a Western Blot assay as an alterative way to identify antibody to the Type D retrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Schultz
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Schultz KT, Benveniste R, Bridson WE, Houser WD, Uno H, Warner TFCS. Pathologic and virologic description of three cases of type D retrovirus infection in rhesus monkeys and a brief review of nonhuman primate retroviruses. Zoo Biol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.1430080509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kurstak E, Marusyk R, Salmi A, Babiuk L, Kurstak C, Van Regenmortel M. Detection of viral antigens and antibodies. Enzyme immunoassays. Subcell Biochem 1989; 15:1-37. [PMID: 2678615 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1675-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Heberling RL, Kalter SS, Marx PA, Lowry JK, Rodriguez AR. Dot immunobinding assay compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid and specific detection of retrovirus antibody induced by human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:765-7. [PMID: 2835392 PMCID: PMC266443 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.4.765-767.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, specific, and sensitive modification of the dot immunobinding assay was compared with the standard enzyme immunoassay as a screening procedure for the detection of antibody in human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Comparative testing with the available enzyme immunoassay procedures, either in commercial kit form or as provided by diagnostic laboratories, indicated excellent correlation. Ease of operation and cost are key features of the dot immunobinding assay procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Heberling
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78284
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Horrocks JA, Baulu J. Effects of trapping on the vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) population in Barbados. Am J Primatol 1988; 15:223-233. [PMID: 31968894 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/1987] [Accepted: 03/20/1988] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a 7-year trapping program on a population of vervets, Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, in Barbados is described. The pretrapping population was estimated at between 6,000 and 12,000 monkeys. The number trapped annually has increased from less than 200 in 1980 to almost 1,000 in 1986. Despite this, annual catch per trapping effort indicates that population abundance has remained relatively constant. However, the proportion of juveniles to adults in the population has increased markedly, largely because of an increase in the proportion of juvenile females. The data, therefore, suggest that the number of adults in the feral population has been decreasing, while that of juveniles has been increasing. The observation that adults are more vulnerable to trapping than juveniles and the possibility that juvenile survivorship has increased since trapping began may explain these trends. The change in age structure of the population toward juveniles is one explanation for the claimed increase in crop damage in Barbados at constant population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Horrocks
- Department of Biology, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, West Indies
| | - J Baulu
- Barbados Primate Research Center and Wildlife Reserve, Barbados, West Indies
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