1
|
Escalante CH, Martínez-Mora EI, Espinoza-Hicks C, Camacho-Dávila AA, Ramos-Morales FR, Delgado F, Tamariz J. Highly selective Diels-Alder and Heck arylation reactions in a divergent synthesis of isoindolo- and pyrrolo-fused polycyclic indoles from 2-formylpyrrole. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1320-1334. [PMID: 32595780 PMCID: PMC7308616 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly regio-, chemo- and stereoselective divergent synthesis of isoindolo- and pyrrolo-fused polycyclic indoles is herein described, starting from 2-formylpyrrole and employing Diels-Alder and Heck arylation reactions. 3-(N-Benzyl-2-pyrrolyl)acrylates and 4-(pyrrol-2-yl)butenones underwent a highly endo-Diels-Alder cycloaddition with maleimides to furnish octahydropyrrolo[3,4-e]indoles, which served as precursors in the regioselective synthesis of aza-polycyclic skeletons via an intramolecular Heck arylation reaction. Through the latter reaction, the 3-(N-benzyl-2-pyrrolyl)acrylates give rise to 3-(pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-3-yl)acrylates. A further oxidative aromatization of the polycyclic intermediates provides the corresponding polycyclic pyrrolo-isoindoles and isoindolo-pyrrolo-indoles. A theoretical study on the stereoselective Diels-Alder reactions, carried out by calculating the endo/exo transition states, revealed the assistance of non-covalent interactions in governing the endo stereocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Escalante
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eder I Martínez-Mora
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Venustiano Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas S/N, 25280 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Carlos Espinoza-Hicks
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Camacho-Dávila
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31125 Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - Fernando R Ramos-Morales
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, 91190 Xalapa, Ver., Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Espinoza-Hicks C, Montoya P, Bautista R, Jiménez-Vázquez HA, Rodríguez-Valdez LM, Camacho-Dávila AA, Cossío FP, Delgado F, Tamariz J. Synthesis of exo-Imidazolidin-2-one Dienes, Their Isomerization, and Selectivity in Diels-Alder Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5347-5364. [PMID: 29697257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and alternative synthesis of exo-imidazolidin-2-one dienes is described. A condensation reaction was carried out with bis-imino derivatives, diacetyl, and triphosgene, affording symmetrically N, N-disubstituted dienes. The use of alkyl methyl α-diketones led to the formation of nonsymmetrical dienes, which underwent isomerization to provide more stable inner-outer-ring dienes under Lewis acid conditions. Evaluation was made of the reactivity as well as regio- and stereoselectivity of these dienes in Diels-Alder reactions. They proved to be highly reactive and selective. DFT calculations of the transition states accounted for their behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Espinoza-Hicks
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua , Circuito Universitario S/N , Chihuahua , Chih. 31125 , Mexico
| | - Pablo Montoya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico
| | - Rafael Bautista
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico
| | - Hugo A Jiménez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico
| | - Luz M Rodríguez-Valdez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua , Circuito Universitario S/N , Chihuahua , Chih. 31125 , Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Camacho-Dávila
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua , Circuito Universitario S/N , Chihuahua , Chih. 31125 , Mexico
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and ORFEO-CINQA , Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , PO Box 1072, San Sebastián/Donostia 20018 , Spain
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, S/N , Mexico City 11340 , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamble RM, Ramana MM. Microwave-assisted Diels–Alder reaction of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-vinyl-1-cyclohexene with chromones — An expeditious approach to analogues of the puupehenone group of marine diterpenoids and kampanols. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid assembly of the tetracyclic core of marine diterpenoids related to puupehenone and kampanols by a Diels–Alder reaction of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-vinyl-1-cyclohexene with chromones under microwave irradiation with or without TiCl4 is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh M. Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400 098, India
| | - M. M.V. Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400 098, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alves C, Carneiro A, Andrés J, Domingo L. A DFT study of the Diels–Alder reaction between methyl acrolein derivatives and cyclopentadiene. Understanding the effects of Lewis acids catalysts based on sulfur containing boron heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Silvero G, Arévalo MJ, Bravo JL, Ávalos M, Jiménez JL, López I. An in-depth look at the effect of Lewis acid catalysts on Diels–Alder cycloadditions in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Alves C, Camilo F, Gruber J, da Silva A. A density functional theory study on the molecular mechanism of the cycloaddition between (E)-methyl cinnamate and cyclopentadiene. Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
A study on the effect of Lewis acid catalysis on the molecular mechanism of the cycloaddition between ( E )-methyl cinnamate and cyclopentadiene. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the domino inter [4 + 2]/intra [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitroalkenes with enol ethers to give nitroso acetal adducts has been characterized using density functional theory methods with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G basis set. The presence of Lewis acid catalyst and solvent effects has been taken into account to model the experimental environment. These domino processes comprise two consecutive cycloaddition reactions: the first one is an intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the enol ether to the nitroalkene to give a nitronate intermediate, which then affords the final nitroso acetal adduct through an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition can be considered as a nucleophilic attack of the enol ether to the conjugated position of the nitroalkene, with concomitant ring closure and without intervention of an intermediate. For this cycloaddition process, the presence of the Lewis acid favors the delocalization of the negative charge that is being transferred from the enol ether to the nitroalkene and decreases the activation energy of the first cycloaddition. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition presents a total regioselectivity, while the endo/exo stereoselectivity depends on the bulk of the Lewis acid used as catalyst. Thus, for small Lewis acid catalyst, modeled by BH(3), the addition presents an endo selectivity. The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions present an total exo selectivity, due to the constraints imposed by the tether. Inclusion of Lewis acid catalyst and solvent effects decrease clearly the barrier for the first [4 + 2] cycloaddition relative to the second [3 + 2] one. Calculations for the activation parameters along this domino reaction allow to validate the results obtained using the potential energy barriers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Domingo LR, Arnó M, Andrés J. Influence of Reactant Polarity on the Course of the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels−Alder Reaction. A DFT Study of Regio- and Stereoselectivity, Presence of Lewis Acid Catalyst, and Inclusion of Solvent Effects in the Reaction between Nitroethene and Substituted Ethenes. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990331y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Ciències Experimentals, Universitat Jaume I, Apartat 224, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Manuel Arnó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Ciències Experimentals, Universitat Jaume I, Apartat 224, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Departament de Ciències Experimentals, Universitat Jaume I, Apartat 224, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dory YL, Hall DG, Deslongchamps P. On the mechanism of the Diels-Alder reaction of enal dienophiles. Competitive reactivity and ab initio calculations using a transannular probe. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Sbai A, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM, Oliva A. Effect of Lewis Acid Catalysis on the Diels-Alder Reaction between Methyl (Z)-(S)-4,5-(2,2-Propylidenedioxy)pent-2-enoate and Cyclopentadiene. A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 1997; 62:3049-3054. [PMID: 11671684 DOI: 10.1021/jo960447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reactions of methyl (Z)-(S)-4,5-(2,2-propylidenedioxy)pent-2-enoate and (Z)-(S)-4,5-(2,2-propylidenedioxy)pent-2-enoic acid with cyclopentadiene catalyzed by AlCl(3) have been theoretically studied at the B-LYP/6-31G level. The results obtained show that the catalyst increases both the endo/exo and syn/anti selectivity, in good qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. The origin of the selectivity and the role of the catalyst are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahid Sbai
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between dihydropyran and acrolein over various H-form zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|