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Childs A, Pereira J, Didier CM, Baksh A, Johnson I, Castro JM, Davidson E, Santra S, Rajaraman S. Plotter Cut Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Organic and Inorganic Materials and a New Rapid, Cost Effective Technique for Antimicrobial Evaluations. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 36677074 PMCID: PMC9864392 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plotter cutters in stencil mask prototyping are underutilized but have several advantages over traditional MEMS techniques. In this paper we investigate the use of a conventional plotter cutter as a highly effective benchtop tool for the rapid prototyping of stencil masks in the sub-250 μm range and characterize patterned layers of organic/inorganic materials. Furthermore, we show a new diagnostic monitoring application for use in healthcare, and a potential replacement of the Standard Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Antibiotic Resistance tests was developed and tested on both Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas alfalfae as pathogens with Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin and Kanamycin. We show that the reduction in area required for the minimum inhibitory concentration tests; allow for three times the number of tests to be performed within the same nutrient agar Petri dish, demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally resulting in correlations of R ≈ 0.96 and 0.985, respectively for both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Childs
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Charles M. Didier
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Aliyah Baksh
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Manrique Castro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Edwin Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Swaminathan Rajaraman
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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High-performance nanogap electrode-based impedimetric sensor for direct DNA assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:153-159. [PMID: 30075385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of pathogen DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) would be essential for diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment time. Herein, we report a novel direct DNA detectable impedimetric sensor. Direct assay of the amplified target DNA (mecA gene from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) was performed using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) product without any purification. Even though there are lots of PCR reagents and excess salts in sample PCR product, the nanogap electrode-based impedimetric sensor was able to detect DNA amplification fast in 5th PCR cycle which had 260 fM mecA gene in sample originally. The 70 nm gap electrode sensor yielded over 20% signal increase at the 5th PCR cycle and the impedance change grew up to about 60% at 25th in case of sample with 260 fM mecA gene template originally. The increased concentration of target DNA template led to the rise in impedance change such as 60% up at 5th and 120% up at 25th cycle with 260 pM, respectively. It is very outstanding result as compared with the traditional PCR agarose gel. Besides, it is 7-fold superior sensitivity to the microgap electrode. Furthermore, genomic DNA sample extracted from MRSA was detected rapidly. The nanogap electrode-based impedimetric sensor could be a good candidate for a rapid, sensitive, and low-cost electrical biosensor for DNA characterization in diagnostics and disease monitoring.
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Detection and quantification of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris by electrical impedance in apple juice. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Páez-Avilés C, Juanola-Feliu E, Punter-Villagrasa J, Del Moral Zamora B, Homs-Corbera A, Colomer-Farrarons J, Miribel-Català PL, Samitier J. Combined Dielectrophoresis and Impedance Systems for Bacteria Analysis in Microfluidic On-Chip Platforms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1514. [PMID: 27649201 PMCID: PMC5038787 DOI: 10.3390/s16091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria concentration and detection is time-consuming in regular microbiology procedures aimed to facilitate the detection and analysis of these cells at very low concentrations. Traditional methods are effective but often require several days to complete. This scenario results in low bioanalytical and diagnostic methodologies with associated increased costs and complexity. In recent years, the exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of cells has emerged as an appealing alternative approach for concentrating and detecting bacteria. The combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and impedance analysis (IA) in microfluidic on-chip platforms could be key to develop rapid, accurate, portable, simple-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic devices with a promising impact in medicine, public health, agricultural, food control and environmental areas. The present document reviews recent DEP and IA combined approaches and the latest relevant improvements focusing on bacteria concentration and detection, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection time, and conductivity variation enhancements. Furthermore, this review analyses future trends and challenges which need to be addressed in order to successfully commercialize these platforms resulting in an adequate social return of public-funded investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Páez-Avilés
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esteve Juanola-Feliu
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaime Punter-Villagrasa
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Del Moral Zamora
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Homs-Corbera
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jordi Colomer-Farrarons
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Lluís Miribel-Català
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Reactance and resistance: main properties to follow the cell differentiation process in Bacillus thuringiensis by dielectric spectroscopy in real time. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5439-50. [PMID: 25862207 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During growth, Bacillus thuringiensis presents three phases: exponential phase (EP), transition state (TS), and sporulation phase (SP). In order to form a dormant spore and to synthesize delta-endotoxins during SP, bacteria must undergo a cellular differentiation process initiated during the TS. Dielectric spectroscopy is a technique that can be utilized for continuous and in situ monitoring of the cellular state. In order to study on-line cell behavior in B. thuringiensis cultures, we conducted a number of batch cultures under different conditions, by scanning 200 frequencies from 42 Hz to 5 MHz and applying fixed current and voltage of 20 mA and 5 V DC, respectively. The resulting signals included Impedance (Z), Angle phase (Deg), Voltage (V), Current (I), Conductance (G), Reactance (X), and Resistance (R). Individual raw data relating to observed dielectric property profiles were correlated with the different growth phases established using data from cellular growth, cry1Ac gene expression, and free spores obtained with conventional techniques and fermentation parameters. Based on these correlations, frequencies of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.225 MHz were selected for the purpose of measuring dielectric properties in independent batch cultures, at a fixed frequency. X and R manifest more propitious behavior in relation to EP, TS, SP, and spore release, due to particular changes in their signals. Interestingly, these profiles underwent pronounced changes during EP and TS that were not noticed when using conventional methods, but were indicative of the beginning of the B. thuringiensis cell differentiation process.
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Sangadkit W, Rattanabumrung O, Supanivatin P, Thipayarat A. Practical coliforms and Escherichia coli detection and enumeration for industrial food samples using low-cost digital microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maria LCDS, Oliveira RO, Merçon F, Borges MERSP, Barud HS, Ribeiro SJ, Messaddeq Y, Wang SH. Preparation and bactericidal effect of composites based on crosslinked copolymers containing silver nanoparticles. POLIMEROS 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282010005000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yin YG, Ding Y. A close to real-time prediction method of total coliform bacteria in foods based on image identification technology and artificial neural network. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maalouf R, Fournier-Wirth C, Coste J, Chebib H, Saïkali Y, Vittori O, Errachid A, Cloarec JP, Martelet C, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Label-Free Detection of Bacteria by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: Comparison to Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4879-86. [PMID: 17523594 DOI: 10.1021/ac070085n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The low but known risk of bacterial contamination has emerged as the greatest residual threat of transfusion-transmitted diseases. Label-free detection of a bacterial model, Escherichia coli, is performed using nonfaradic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Biotinylated polyclonal anti-E. coli is linked to a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold electrode through a strong biotin-neutravidin interaction. The binding of one antibody molecule for 3.6 neutravidin molecules is determined using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The detection limit of E. coli found by SPR is 10(7) cfu/mL. After modeling the impedance Nyquist plot of E. coli/anti-E. coli/mixed SAM/gold electrode for increasing concentrations of E. coli (whole bacteria or lysed bacteria), the main parameter that is modified is the polarization resistance RP. A sigmoid variation of RP is observed when the log concentration of bacteria (whole or lysed) increases. A concentration of 10 cfu/mL whole bacteria is detected by EIS measurements while 103 cfu/mL is detected for lysed E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Maalouf
- AMPERE, UMR/CNRS 5005 and INL, UMR/CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36, 69134 Ecully, France.
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Reichart O, Szakmár K, Jozwiak A, Felföldi J, Baranyai L. Redox potential measurement as a rapid method for microbiological testing and its validation for coliform determination. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 114:143-8. [PMID: 17229481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The redox potential is one of the most complex indicators of the physiological state of microbial cultures and its measurement could be a useful tool for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the microbial contamination. During the bacterial growth, the redox potential of the medium decreases. The shape of the redox potential curve is characteristic on the type of microorganism, and the rate of the change (dE/dt) is proportional to the living cell concentration. Defining the time required to reach a significant change in redox potential as Time to Detection (TTD), similarly to the impedimetric measurements, a strict linear correlation could be established between the TTD and the logarithm of the initial concentration of microorganisms. On the base of this calibration curve, the determination of living cell concentration could be simplified. For the experiments, a computer-controlled multi-channel measuring system and software was developed by the authors. The redox potential measurement method was tested and validated for the determination of coliform bacteria. The results have proved the high efficiency and reliability of the new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Reichart
- Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Hygiene, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary.
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Nowak J, Lasik M, Czarnecki Z. Prediction of the Metabolic Activity of a MixedBacillus Culture during the Biodegradation of Wastewater from the Potato Industry. Eng Life Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200520095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Prescott AM, Fricker CR. In situ reverse transcription for the specific detection of bacteria and protozoa. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 29:396-400. [PMID: 10664984 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.1999.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In situ hybridization experiments with oligonucleotide probes directed against the 16S and 18S rRNA molecules have been used successfully to identify specific organisms in mixed microbial populations. However, there are limitations in applying these techniques to environmental samples. In the present study we have examined the possibility of using in situ reverse transcription as an alternative to hybridization methods for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli and the waterborne parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Following fixation and permeabilization of the cells, extension reactions were performed with species-specific primers, AMV reverse transcriptase and either cy3-AP3-dUTP or fluorescein-11-dUTP at 45 degrees C for 45 min. The cells or oocysts were then filtered onto Costar metallic membrane filters and images captured with a CCD camera. The results have shown that this technique can successfully detect E. coli cells and C. parvum oocysts in under 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Prescott
- Thames Water Utilities, Spencer House Laboratory, Reading, Berkshire, UK
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Prescott AM, Fricker CR. Use of PNA oligonucleotides for the in situ detection of Escherichia coli in water. Mol Cell Probes 1999; 13:261-8. [PMID: 10441198 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A species-specific Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligonucleotide probe directed against the V(1)region of the 16S rRNA molecule was synthesized for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. The specificity of the probe was tested in dot blot hybridizations against a number of environmental isolates including those from the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. In situ hybridization experiments were performed with biotinylated PNA oligonucleotide probes with subsequent detection of the biotin label using a combination of Streptavidin-Horseradish Peroxidase and a tyramide signal amplification system. The results obtained enabled the specific detection of E. coli in under 3 h. Hybridizations were also performed on cells which were treated with chlorine (1.5 mg l(-1)) for up to 30 min. Escherichia coli cells were still detected after storage for 14 days at room temperature. No cells were detected by conventional plate count or the <<Colilert>> assay, a method currently used for the routine detection of E. coli and coliforms in the water industry. Cell viability was assessed by the ability of cells to reduce 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) to highly fluorescent formazan crystals through bacterial respiration. Only cells that had not been chlorinated were detected. These results confirm that ribosomal RNA exists within the cell long after cell death has occurred and that rRNA cannot be used to assess the viability of individual cells. However rRNA probes in combination with viability markers should enable the specific detection of viable cells in situ. Hybridization experiments were also performed successfully on seeded tap water samples. The number of fluorescent cells detected correlated well with those obtained by plate count analysis. This represents the first reported use of PNA oligonucleotides for in situ detection of micro-organisms and offers a fast efficient alternative to conventional DNA approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Prescott
- Thames Water Utilities, Spencer House Laboratory, Manor Farm Rd, Reading, Berkshire, RG2 OJN, UK.
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