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Ward SJ, Cao T, Zhou X, Chang C, Weiss SM. Protein Identification and Quantification Using Porous Silicon Arrays, Optical Measurements, and Machine Learning. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:879. [PMID: 37754113 PMCID: PMC10526835 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile platform based on an array of porous silicon (PSi) thin films that can identify analytes based on their physical and chemical properties without the use of specific capture agents. The ability of this system to reproducibly classify, quantify, and discriminate three proteins separately is demonstrated by probing the reflectance of PSi array elements with a unique combination of pore size and buffer pH, and by analyzing the optical signals using machine learning. Protein identification and discrimination are reported over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude. This work represents a significant first step towards a low-cost, simple, versatile, and robust sensor platform that is able to detect biomolecules without the added expense and limitations of using capture agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Ward
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
| | - Tengfei Cao
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Naresh V, Lee N. A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1109. [PMID: 33562639 PMCID: PMC7915135 DOI: 10.3390/s21041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnakavi. Naresh
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Sarvandi-Dehghanpoor E, Riahi-Madvar A, Lotfi S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Improvement of kinetic properties and thermostability of recombinant Lepidium draba peroxidase (LDP) upon exposed to osmolytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1036-1041. [PMID: 30096393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, effects of different concentrations of glycine and D-sorbitol were analyzed on the activity and thermostability of recombinant Lepidium draba peroxidase (LDP). Based on the results, activity of the enzyme increased in the presence of various concentrations of these osmolytes. Maximum activity was detected for the enzyme in the presence of 300 mM glycine and 600 mM sorbitol. In presence of the aforementioned doses of osmolytes, enzyme affinity for substrate (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2) and Vmax increased. According to the results, enzyme stability improved against temperature and H2O2. Furthermore, structural changes of the enzyme upon exposure to the osmolytes were revealed by the use of far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence methods. The results showed, whereas the secondary structure of the enzyme was not significantly changed upon exposed to the osmolytes, the fluorescence studies revealed microenvironment of the aromatic residues dramatically affected by them. Overall, it may be speculated, structural changes of the enzyme upon exposed to the osmolytes, lead to the improvement of its kinetic properties and stability that can be benefit for using of it in in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sarvandi-Dehghanpoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Riahi-Madvar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Safa Lotfi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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4
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Gupta S, Kakkar V. Recent technological advancements in tuberculosis diagnostics - A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 115:14-29. [PMID: 29783081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and on-time effective treatment are indispensable for Tuberculosis (TB) control - a life threatening infectious communicable disease. The conventional techniques for diagnosing TB normally take two to three weeks. This delay in diagnosis and further increase in detection complexity due to the emerging risks of XDR-TB (Extensively drug Resistant-TB) and MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistant-TB) are evoking interest of researchers in the field of developing rapid TB detection techniques such as biosensing and other point-of-care (POC) techniques. Biosensing technologies along with the collaboration with nanotechnology have enormous potential to boost the MTB detection and for overall management in clinical diagnosis. A diverse range of portable, sensitive and rapid biosensors based on different signal transducer principles and with different biomarkers detection capabilities have been developed for TB detection in the early stages. Further, a lot of progress has been achieved over the years in developing various point-of-care diagnostic tools including non-molecular methods and molecular techniques. The objective of this study is to present a succinct review of the available TB detection techniques that are either in use or under development. The focus of this review is on the current developments occurred in nano-biosensing technologies. A synopsis of ameliorations in different non-molecular diagnostic tools and progress in the field of molecular techniques along with the role of emerging Lab-on-Chip technology for diagnosing and mitigating the TB consequences have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Gupta
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India.
| | - Vipan Kakkar
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India.
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Guliy OI, Zaitsev BD, Smirnov AV, Karavaeva OA, Borodina IA. Biosensor for the detection of bacteriophages based on a super-high-frequency resonator. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hiraiwa M, Kim JH, Lee HB, Inoue S, Becker AL, Weigel KM, Cangelosi GA, Lee KH, Chung JH. Amperometric immunosensor for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2015; 25:055013. [PMID: 26097292 PMCID: PMC4469293 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/25/5/055013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public health problem, which can be better controlled by using accurate and rapid diagnosis in low-resource settings. A simple, portable, and sensitive detection method is required for point-of-care (POC) settings. This paper studies an amperometric biosensor using a microtip immunoassay for a rapid and low cost detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) in sputum. MTB in sputum is specifically captured on the functionalized microtip surface and detected by electric current. According to the numerical study, the current signal on microtip surface is linearly changed with increasing immersion depth. Using a reference microtip, the immersion depth is compensated for a sensing microtip. On the microtip surface, target bacteria are concentrated and organized by a coffee ring effect, which amplifies the electric current. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, both the sample processing- and rinsing steps are presented with use of deionized water as a medium for the amperometric measurement. When applied to cultured MTB cells spiked into human sputum, the detection limit was 100 CFU/mL, comparable to a more labor-intensive fluorescence detection method reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Hiraiwa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686
- Corresponding authors: Jong-Hoon Kim: Tel/Fax 1-360-546-9250/1-360-546-9438,
| | - Hyun-Boo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Shinnosuke Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Annie L. Becker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Kris M. Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Gerard A. Cangelosi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | | | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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7
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Kim JH, Lee KH, Cangelosi GA, Chung JH. Immunofluorescence microtip sensor for point-of-care tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1256:57-69. [PMID: 25626531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2172-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A immunofluorescence microtip sensor was developed for specific detection of Mycobacterium cells in sputum samples by the combination of electric field, streaming flow, and immuno-affinity binding. The detection limit was 200 CFU/mL in human sputum, which was comparable to PCR but without requiring bacteriological culture, centrifugation, or nucleic acid amplification. In spite of the complex nature of physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms, the simple operation of "dipping and withdrawal" of tips will allow for screening by minimally trained personnel within 30 min. In addition, the minimal power requirement (5 W) combined with low assay cost is ideal for point-of-care (POC) screening in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Optical biosensors with an integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:509-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Siontorou CG, Batzias FA. A methodological combined framework for roadmapping biosensor research: a fault tree analysis approach within a strategic technology evaluation frame. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:31-55. [PMID: 23919240 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.790339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biosensor technology began in the 1960s to revolutionize instrumentation and measurement. Despite the glucose sensor market success that revolutionized medical diagnostics, and artificial pancreas promise currently the approval stage, the industry is reluctant to capitalize on other relevant university-produced knowledge and innovation. On the other hand, the scientific literature is extensive and persisting, while the number of university-hosted biosensor groups is growing. Considering the limited marketability of biosensors compared to the available research output, the biosensor field has been used by the present authors as a suitable paradigm for developing a methodological combined framework for "roadmapping" university research output in this discipline. This framework adopts the basic principles of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), replacing the lower level of technology alternatives with internal barriers (drawbacks, limitations, disadvantages), modeled through fault tree analysis (FTA) relying on fuzzy reasoning to count for uncertainty. The proposed methodology is validated retrospectively using ion selective field effect transistor (ISFET) - based biosensors as a case example, and then implemented prospectively membrane biosensors, putting an emphasis on the manufacturability issues. The analysis performed the trajectory of membrane platforms differently than the available market roadmaps that, considering the vast industrial experience in tailoring and handling crystallic forms, suggest the technology path of biomimetic and synthetic materials. The results presented herein indicate that future trajectories lie along with nanotechnology, and especially nanofabrication and nano-bioinformatics, and focused, more on the science-path, that is, on controlling the natural process of self-assembly and the thermodynamics of bioelement-lipid interaction. This retained the nature-derived sensitivity of the biosensor platform, pointing out the differences between the scope of academic research and the market viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Siontorou
- Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus , Karaoli and Dimitriou, Piraeus , Greece
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Kim JH, Hiraiwa M, Lee HB, Lee KH, Cangelosi GA, Chung JH. Electrolyte-free Amperometric Immunosensor using a Dendritic Nanotip. RSC Adv 2013; 3:4281-4287. [PMID: 23585927 PMCID: PMC3622275 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric detection using a nanocomponent may lead to platforms for rapid and simple biosensing. Sensors composed of nanotips or nanodots have been described for highly sensitive amperometry enabled by confined geometry. However, both fabrication and use of nanostructured sensors remain challenging. This paper describes a dendritic nanotip used as an amperometric biosensor for highly sensitive detection of target bacteria. A dendritic nanotip is structured by Si nanowires coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for generation of a high electric field. For reliable measurement using the dendritic structure, Si nanowires were uniformly fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) lithography and etching. The dendritic structure effectively increased the electric current density near the terminal end of the nanotip according to numerical computation. The electrical characteristics of a dendritic nanotip with additional protein layers was studied by cyclic voltammetry and I-V measurement in deionized (DI) water. When the target bacteria dielectrophoretically captured onto a nanotip were bound with fluorescence antibodies, the electric current through DI water decreased. Measurement results were consistent with fluorescence- and electron microscopy. The sensitivity of the amperometry was 10 cfu/sample volume (103 cfu/mL), which was equivalent to the more laborious fluorescence measurement method. The simple configuration of a dendritic nanotip can potentially offer an electrolyte-free detection platform for sensitive and rapid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Hiraiwa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyun-Boo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gerard A. Cangelosi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Dada AC, Asmat A, Gires U, Heng LY, Deborah BO. Bacteriological monitoring and sustainable management of beach water quality in Malaysia: problems and prospects. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 4:126-38. [PMID: 22980239 PMCID: PMC4776910 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n3p126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing demand of tourism in Malaysia, there are no resolute efforts to develop beaches as tourist destinations. With no incentives to monitor public beaches or to use them in a sustainable manner, they might eventually degenerate in quality as a result of influx of pollutants. This calls for concerted action plans with a view to promoting their sustainable use. The success of such plans is inevitably anchored on the availability of robust quality monitoring schemes. Although significant efforts have been channelled to collation and public disclosure of bacteriological quality data of rivers, beach water monitoring appears left out. This partly explains the dearth of published information related to beach water quality data. As part of an on-going nation-wide surveillance study on the bacteriological quality of recreational beaches, this paper draws on a situation analysis with a view to proffering recommendations that could be adapted for ensuring better beach water quality in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle Christopher Dada
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Tecnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rodrigues Ribeiro Teles FS, Pires de Távora Tavira LA, Pina da Fonseca LJ. Biosensors as rapid diagnostic tests for tropical diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2011; 47:139-69. [PMID: 21155631 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2010.518405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective diagnosis of infectious pathogens is essential for disease identification and subsequent adequate treatment, to prevent drug resistance and to adopt suitable public health interventions for the prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks. Particular situations under which medical diagnostics operate in tropical environments make the use of new easy-to-use diagnostic tools the preferred (or even unique) option. These diagnostic tests and devices, usually based on biosensing methods, are being increasingly exploited as promising alternatives to classical, "heavy" lab instrumentation for clinical diagnosis, allowing simple, inexpensive and point-of-care testing. However, in many developing countries the lack of accessibility and affordability for many commercial diagnostic tests remains a major cause of high disease burden in such regions. We present a comprehensive overview about the problems of conventional medical diagnosis of infectious pathologies in tropical regions, while pointing out new methods and analytical tools for in-the-field and decentralized diagnosis of current major infectious tropical diseases. The review includes not only biosensor-based rapid diagnostic tests approved by regulatory entities and already commercialized, but also those at the early stages of research.
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Zhou L, He X, He D, Wang K, Qin D. Biosensing technologies for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection: status and new developments. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:193963. [PMID: 21437177 PMCID: PMC3061460 DOI: 10.1155/2011/193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosensing technologies promise to improve Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) detection and management in clinical diagnosis, food analysis, bioprocess, and environmental monitoring. A variety of portable, rapid, and sensitive biosensors with immediate "on-the-spot" interpretation have been developed for M. tuberculosis detection based on different biological elements recognition systems and basic signal transducer principles. Here, we present a synopsis of current developments of biosensing technologies for M. tuberculosis detection, which are classified on the basis of basic signal transducer principles, including piezoelectric quartz crystal biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and magnetoelastic biosensors. Special attention is paid to the methods for improving the framework and analytical parameters of the biosensors, including sensitivity and analysis time as well as automation of analysis procedures. Challenges and perspectives of biosensing technologies development for M. tuberculosis detection are also discussed in the final part of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dinggeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dilan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecule Engineering of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, China
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Brient-Litzler E, Plückthun A, Bedouelle H. Knowledge-based design of reagentless fluorescent biosensors from a designed ankyrin repeat protein. Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 23:229-41. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Vaidyanathan S, Macaloney G, Vaughan J, McNeil B, Harvey LM. Monitoring of Submerged Bioprocesses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sharma SK, Kumar A, Chaudhary R, Pundir S, Pundir CS, Sehgal N. Lactose biosensor based on lactase and galactose oxidase immobilized in polyvinyl formal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:421-30. [PMID: 17701488 DOI: 10.1080/10731190701460309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase and galactose oxidase in a polyvinyl formal membrane and was attached to the oxygen electrode of a dissolved oxygen analyzer for estimation of lactose in milk and food products. The enzyme immobilized polyvinyl formal membrane was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The biosensor showed the linearity for 1-7 g dl(-1) of lactose and can be reused for up to 20 measurements. The effects of pH, temperature and the stability of the immobilized lactase and galactose oxidase in PVF membrane were also studied. The enzyme membrane was found stable up to 35 degrees C and had a shelf-life of more than three months at 4 degrees C.
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Chinnayelka S, McShane MJ. RET nanobiosensors using affinity of an apo-enzyme toward its substrate. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:2599-602. [PMID: 17270807 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors can be highly specific and sensitive, and may be engineered as implantable devices for metabolic monitoring. Commonly-used systems for glucose monitoring based on resonance energy transfer (RET) and competitive binding involve Concanavalin A (Con A), which is known to be toxic, and has problems of aggregation and irreversible binding. This work presents an improved RET assay wherein Con A was replaced by apo-glucose oxidase (apo-GOx). Fluorescence measurements confirm that the apo-GOx/dextran complexes are highly sensitive to glucose, observed as an increase in the donor peak relative to acceptor with the stepwise addition of glucose solution. The assay showed strong signals and excellent repeatability, with a sensitivity of 9x10/sup -4/ (ratio units)/mM over the range of 0-90 mM glucose. If properly encapsulated, these sensors can potentially be used for in vivo sensing without the concern of toxicity associated with Con A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chinnayelka
- Inst. for Micromanuf., Louisiana Tech. Univ., Ruston, LA, USA
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18
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Chinnayelka S, McShane MJ. Microcapsule biosensors using competitive binding resonance energy transfer assays based on apoenzymes. Anal Chem 2007; 77:5501-11. [PMID: 16131059 DOI: 10.1021/ac050755u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the first demonstration of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer based glucose sensor, wherein a competitive binding (CB) assay is encapsulated into polyelectrolyte microcapsules. The work supports the concept that microcapsules are superior to hydrogel systems or other matrixes for competitive-binding-based system, as they provide free movement of the sensing elements within the capsule interior while constant total sensing assay concentration is maintained. The transduction approach employed in these preliminary experiments is also a novel CB system based on a model apoenzyme, apo-glucose oxidase (AG), which is highly specific to beta-d-glucose, as the model target-binding protein. The glucose sensitivity of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-AG encapsulated in microcapsules showed 5 times greater specificity for beta-D-glucose over other sugars, with sensitivity (change in intensity ratio) in the range of 2-6%/mM. It was observed that the sensitivity and range of the response can be tailored by controlling the assay concentration using different FITC-dextran molecular weight and total capsule concentration. The findings support the concepts of using microcapsules to encapsulate CB assays for reversible and stable sensors and the use of apoenzymes as specific molecular recognition elements in CB assays. Further, characterization results for microcapsule glucose sensors demonstrate their suitability for monitoring physiological glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chinnayelka
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
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Chinnayelka S, McShane MJ. Glucose sensors based on microcapsules containing an orange/red competitive binding resonance energy transfer assay. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:269-78. [PMID: 16800748 PMCID: PMC5316235 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing systems offer the potential for noninvasive monitoring with implantable devices, but they require carrier technologies that provide suitable immobilization, accessibility, and biocompatibility while maintaining adequate response characteristics. A recent development towards this goal is a highly specific and sensitive competitive binding assay for glucose using apo-glucose oxidase (apo-GOx) as the recognition element and dextran as the competing ligand; this has been demonstrated as a glucose sensor system by encapsulating the competitive binding assay in semipermeable microcapsule carriers. This paper describes the extension of this sensor design to longer wavelengths in an attempt to increase the applicability to in vivo monitoring. The glucose sensitivity of the tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-dextran (TD) and cyanine Cy5-apo-GOx (CAG) complexes showed five to 10 times greater specificity for beta-D-glucose over other sugars. Microcapsules loaded with TD/CAG complexes exhibited a linear, totally reversible response in the range of 0-720 mg/dL, with a sensitivity (percent change in intensity ratio) of 0.06%/(mg/dL). The decrease in sensitivity observed with the use of longer-wavelength dyes is most likely to be compensated with the deeper penetration of light and reduced tissue scattering. These findings imply that the encapsulation of sensing assay elements in microcapsules is a simple and translatable method for the fabrication of stable biosensors, and optimization of resonance energy transfer pairs and assay component preparation will further improve the response to approach clinically relevant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chinnayelka
- Biomedica Engineering Program, Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, 71272, USA
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20
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Schmidt FR. Optimization and scale up of industrial fermentation processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:425-35. [PMID: 16001256 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To increase product yields and to ensure consistent product quality, key issues of industrial fermentations, process optimization and scale up are aimed at maintaining optimum and homogenous reaction conditions minimizing microbial stress exposure and enhancing metabolic accuracy. For each individual product, process and facility, suitable strategies have to be elaborated by a comprehensive and detailed process characterization, identification of the most relevant process parameters influencing product yield and quality and their establishment as scale-up parameters to be kept constant as far as possible. Physical variables, which can only be restrictedly kept constant as single parameters, may be combined with other pertinent parameters to appropriate mathematical groups or dimensionless terms. Process characterization is preferably based on real-time or near real-time data collected by in situ and on-line measurements and may be facilitated by supportive approaches and tools like neural network based chemometric data analysis and modelling, clarification of the mixing and stream conditions through computational fluid dynamics and scale-down simulations. However, as fermentation facilities usually are not strictly designed according to scale-up criteria and the process conditions in the culture vessels thus may differ significantly and since any strategy and model can only insufficiently consider and reflect the highly complex interdependence and mutual interaction of fermentation parameters, successful scale up in most cases is not the result of a conclusive and straight-lined experimental strategy, but rather will be the outcome of a separate process development and optimization on each scale. This article gives an overview on the problems typically coming along with fermentation process optimization and scale up, and presents currently applied scale-up strategies while considering future technologies, with emphasis on Escherichia coli as one of the most commonly fermented organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Schmidt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Biocenter H 780, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
The conventional diagnosis of dengue virus infections includes the detection of the virus in serum or tissue samples, both by isolation in culture or through detection of specific viral molecules (genome RNA or dengue antigens) and detection of specific anti-dengue antibodies (serology). Isolation of dengue virus provides the most direct and conclusive approach to diagnosis, despite the demand for high-level equipment, technical skills and manpower. However, it is useless in early diagnosis because several days are required to isolate and classify the virus. Serology, despite being simpler, is not able to afford an accurate early diagnosis in primary infections because 4-5 days are required for the immune system to produce a sufficient amount of antibodies. Moreover, it leads to misleading results in secondary infections owing to cross-reactivity among serotype-specific antibodies and with other flavivirus antibodies. The RT-PCR and other PCR-based techniques are fast, serotype-discriminating, more sensitive and easier to carry out than conventional nucleic-acid hybridisation, but are handicapped by easy sample contamination and high technological demands. Recently, advances in bioelectronics have generated commercial kits and new techniques for detection of dengue antibodies and RNA, based on biosensor technology. Most of them are rapid, easy to operate, reusable, cheap, sensitive and serotype-specific. Nevertheless, their accuracy is still questionable because most still lack validation and standardisation. This review summarises and describes the techniques currently employed and anticipated in the near future for diagnosis of dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R R Teles
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Campus Universitário, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE-CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
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22
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Borgmann S, Hartwich G, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Enzyme Sensors based on Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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23
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Sharma SK, Singhal R, Malhotra BD, Sehgal N, Kumar A. Lactose biosensor based on Langmuir–Blodgett films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene). Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:651-7. [PMID: 15494251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) and galactose oxidase (GaO) (EC 1.1.3.9) in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT)/stearic acid (SA) for estimation of lactose in milk and its products to prevent "lactose intolerance". The enzyme immobilized LB film was used as working electrode and platinum as reference electrode. The enzyme electrodes show a linearity 1-6 g/dL of lactose and have a shelf life more than 120 days. The reusability of electrode was found ten times with 3% loss in current response. The enzyme electrode was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and kinetic parameters such as pH, temperature and stability. The working electrode may be used for the estimation of lactose/galactose in food and biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Sharma
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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24
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Chinnayelka S, McShane MJ. Glucose-sensitive nanoassemblies comprising affinity-binding complexes trapped in fuzzy microshells. J Fluoresc 2004; 14:585-95. [PMID: 15617265 PMCID: PMC4465401 DOI: 10.1023/b:jofl.0000039345.57924.f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new design for glucose monitoring with "smart" materials based on self assembly, competitive binding, and resonance energy transfer (RET) is presented. The basic transduction principle is changing RET efficiency from fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC), as FITC-dextran is displaced from TRITC-Concanavalin A (Con A) with the addition of glucose. Nanoscale fabrication by self-assembly of Con A/dextran into multilayer films, followed by polymer multilayers. The advantages of this approach include physical localization and separation of sensing molecules from the environment via entrapment of the biosensorelements in a semi-permeable polymeric shell, and only functional molecules are included in the sensors. To realize these nanostructures, dissolvable resin microparticles were coated with FITC-dextran+TRITC-Con A multilayers, followed by polyelectrolyte multilayers, and the core particles were then dissolved to yield hollow capsules. The nanoassembly process was studied using microbalance mass measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and zeta-potential measurements. The key findings are that the specific binding between Con A and dextran can be used to deposit ultrathin multilayer films, and these exhibit changing RET in response to glucose. Fluorescence spectra of a microcapsules exhibited a linear, glucose-specific, 27% increase in the relative fluorescence of FITC over the 0-1800 mg/dL range. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using self-assembled microcapsules as optical glucose sensors, and serve as a basis for work toward better understanding the properties of these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chinnayelka
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
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25
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Wada A, Mie M, Aizawa M, Lahoud P, Cass AEG, Kobatake E. Design and Construction of Glutamine Binding Proteins with a Self-Adhering Capability to Unmodified Hydrophobic Surfaces as Reagentless Fluorescence Sensing Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:16228-34. [PMID: 14692764 DOI: 10.1021/ja036459l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemically and genetically remodeling of proteins with ligand binding specificities can be utilized to synthesize various protein-based microsensors for detecting single biomolecules. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of fluorophore-labeled glutamine binding proteins (QBP) and derivatives coupled to the independently designed hydrophobic polypeptide (E12) that can adhere onto solid surfaces via hydrophobic interactions. The single cysteine mutant (N160C QBP) modified with the three environmentally sensitive fluorescent dyes (IAANS, acrylodan, and IANBD ester) showed increased changes in fluorescence intensity induced by glutamine binding. The use of these conjugates as reagentless fluorescence sensors enables us to determine the glutamine concentrations (0.1-50 microM) in homogeneous solution. The fusion of N160C QBP with E12, (Gly4-Ser)n spacers (GSn), and IANBD resulted in the novel fluorescence sensing elements having an adhering capability to hydrophobic surfaces of unmodified microplates. In ELISA and fluorescence experiments for the microplates treated with a series of the conjugates, IANBD-labeled N160C QBP-GS1-E12 displayed the best reproducibility in adhesion onto the hydrophobic surfaces and the precise correlation between fluorescence changes and glutamine concentrations. The performance of the biosensor-attached microplate for glutamine titrations demonstrated that the hydrophobic interaction of E12 with solid surfaces is useful for effective immobilization of proteins that need specific conformational movements in recognizing particular biomolecules. Therefore, the technique using E12 as a surface-linking domain for protein adhesion onto unmodified substrates could be applied effectively to prepare microplates/arrays for a wide variety of high-throughput assays on chemical and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wada
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
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26
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Favero G, Campanella L, D'Annibale A, Santucci R, Ferri T. Mixed hybrid bilayer lipid membrane incorporating valinomycin: improvements in preparation and functioning. Microchem J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Renard M, Belkadi L, Bedouelle H. Deriving topological constraints from functional data for the design of reagentless fluorescent immunosensors. J Mol Biol 2003; 326:167-75. [PMID: 12547199 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining, from any antibody, a fluorescent conjugate which responds to the binding of the antigen by a variation of fluorescence, would be of great interest in the micro- and nano-analytical sciences. This possibility was explored with antibody mAb4E11, which is directed against the dengue virus and for which no structural data is available. Three rules of design were developed to identify residues of the antibody to which a fluorophore could be chemically coupled, after changing them to cysteine by mutagenesis. (i) The target residue belonged to the hypervariable loops of the antibody. (ii) It was adjacent, along the amino acid sequence of the antibody, to a residue which was functionally important for the interaction with the antigen. (iii) It was not important in itself for the interaction with the antigen. Eight conjugates between a single chain variable fragment of mAb4E11 and an environment-sensitive fluorophore were constructed. Three of them showed an increase in their fluorescence intensity by 1.5-2.8-fold on antigen binding, without loss of affinity. This increase allowed the titration of the antigen in serum above a threshold concentration of 10nM. Experiments of quenching with potassium iodide suggested that the fluorescence variation was due to a shielding of the fluorescent group from the solvent by the binding of the antigen, and that therefore its mechanism is general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Renard
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, (CNRS URA 2185), Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue de Docteur Roux, 75724, Cedex 15, Paris, France
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28
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Azevedo AM, Martins VC, Prazeres DM, Vojinović V, Cabral JM, Fonseca LP. Horseradish peroxidase: a valuable tool in biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2003; 9:199-247. [PMID: 14650928 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(03)09003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases have conquered a prominent position in biotechnology and associated research areas (enzymology, biochemistry, medicine, genetics, physiology, histo- and cytochemistry). They are one of the most extensively studied groups of enzymes and the literature is rich in research papers dating back from the 19th century. Nevertheless, peroxidases continue to be widely studied, with more than 2000 articles already published in 2002 (according to the Institute for Scientific Information). The importance of peroxidases is emphasised by their wide distribution among living organisms and by their multiple physiological roles. They have been divided into three superfamilies according to their source and mode of action: plant peroxidases, animal peroxidases and catalases. Among all peroxidases, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has received a special attention and will be the focus of this review. A brief description of the three super-families is included in the first section of this review. In the second section, a comprehensive description of the present state of knowledge of the structure and catalytic action of HRP is presented. The physiological role of peroxidases in higher plants is described in the third section. And finally, the fourth section addresses the applications of peroxidases, especially HRP, in the environmental and health care sectors, and in the pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Azevedo
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Leonard P, Hearty S, Brennan J, Dunne L, Quinn J, Chakraborty T, O’Kennedy R. Advances in biosensors for detection of pathogens in food and water. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Castelletti L, Piletsky SA, Turner APF, Righetti PG, Bossi A. Development of an integrated capillary electrophoresis/sensor for L-ascorbic acid detection. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:209-14. [PMID: 11840525 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200202)23:2<209::aid-elps209>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A CE/biosensor for measuring ascorbic acid was developed by coupling a polyaniline optical sensor and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The capillary column was partially modified with a thin film of polyaniline redox sensitive material. Ascorbic acid was detected by monitoring the changes in optical absorbance occurring to the polyaniline film upon the reduction reaction. The sensor response (change in optical absorbance at 650 nm) is proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid over a range of 2.5-250 mg/L and the response range has shown a clear dependence on the characteristics of the polymerized film. High specificity and sensitivity of the present method, low sample consumption, short times of response (ca. 2 min) and the reproducibility of the results demonstrate that the CE/polyaniline-sensor could be further employed in the study of the relation between the content of L-ascorbic acid in body fluids and clinical parameters, e.g., cell ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castelletti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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31
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Yamazaki T, Kojima K, Sode K. Extended-range glucose sensor employing engineered glucose dehydrogenases. Anal Chem 2000; 72:4689-93. [PMID: 11028632 DOI: 10.1021/ac000151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme glucose sensor with an expanded dynamic range was constructed using a novel strategy. This strategy was based on a new concept of utilizing protein-engineered enzymes with a different Michaelis constant, which allows for the expanded dynamic range. We used the engineered Escherichia coli pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH) of which His775 was substituted for Asp which showed an increased Km value (25-fold). We first constructed the composite colorimetric analytical system employing the wild-type PQQGDH and His775Asp and evaluated its dynamic range. The composite colorimetric analytical system was constructed and showed a wide dynamic range of 0.5-30 mM with less than +/-5% error. The composite colorimetric analytical system, an extended-range colorimetric analytical system, enabled the determination of the concentration of glucose over a 30-fold range that could not have been achieved using the single colorimetric analytical system. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the composite amperometric glucose sensor employing the combination of His775Asn and His775Asp. The extended-range glucose sensor acquired not only the expanded dynamic range (3-70 mM) that covered both dynamic ranges of the single enzyme sensors but also the narrower substrate specificity of glucose due to the inherited property of engineered enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamazaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakamachi, Koganei, Japan
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32
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Bossi A, Piletsky SA, Righetti PG, Turner AP. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to biosensor detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 892:143-53. [PMID: 11045485 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights some modern aspects of biosensor revelation, a detection method which has already found a large number of applications in healthcare, food industry and environmental analysis. First, the concept of bio-recognition, which is at the heart of biosensor technology, is discussed, with emphasis on host-guest-like recognition mechanisms. This detection device has been successfully coupled, in its first applications, to chromatographic columns, which allow a high resolution of complex mixtures of analytes prior to interaction with the biosensing unit. The properties of the transducing elements, which should generate a signal (e.g., electrochemical, thermal, acoustic, optical) of proper intensity and of relative fast rise, are additionally evaluated and discussed. The review then focuses on potential applications of biosensing units in capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. CE appears to be an excellent separation methodology to be coupled to biosensor detection, since it is based on miniaturized electrophoretic chambers, fast analysis times, complete automation in sample handling and data treatment and requires extremely small sample volumes. Although only a few applications of CE-based biosensors have been described up to the present, it is anticipated that this hyphenated technique could have a considerable expansion in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bossi
- University of Verona, Department of Agricultural and Industrial Biotechnologies, Italy.
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34
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35
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Chaly T, Montrel M. Hydrogen-ion binding of polycytidylic acid immobilized between Langmuir layers of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODA) in thin multilayer films. Biosens Bioelectron 2000; 15:93-8. [PMID: 10826648 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The report describes the study of hydrogen-ion binding of Langmuir-Blodgett films contained with polycytidylic acid. A variety of multilayer films are analyzed and their UV absorption spectra are recorded. Poly (C) molecules established between dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODA) layers are shown to exist in double stranded and semiprotonated form, independent of the pH value of the solution from which the films were made. A large hysteresis was found between forward and back proton titration of poly(C) immobilized in the LB films. This hysteresis points to a marked transference of both types of molecules during the film titration. This behavior also depends upon the types of molecules from which the films were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chaly
- Department of Research, PET Research Facility, North Shore University Hospital, NYU Medical College, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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36
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Marco MP, Barceló D. Chapter 22 Fundamentals and applications of biosensors for environmental analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(00)80028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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37
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Ramanathan K, Pandey SS, Kumar R, Gulati A, Murthy ASN, Malhotra BD. Covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase to poly(O-amino benzoic acid) for application to glucose biosensor. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20001017)78:3<662::aid-app220>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Ivnitski D, Abdel-Hamid I, Atanasov P, Wilkins E. Biosensors for detection of pathogenic bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Sustainable development has become a priority for the world's policy makers. Among the broad range of technologies with the potential to reach the goal of sustainability, biotechnology could take an important place, especially in the fields of food production, renewable raw materials and energy, pollution prevention, and bioremediation. However, technical and economic problems still need to be solved. In some cases, the environmental impact of biotechnological applications has been misjudged; in other cases, expectations cannot yet be matched.
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41
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Selvanayagam ZE, Gopalakrishnakone P. Tests for detection of snake venoms, toxins and venom antibodies: review on recent trends (1987-1997). Toxicon 1999; 37:565-86. [PMID: 10082159 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various methods developed for the detection of snake venoms, toxins and venom antibodies, during the last decade is reviewed. Radioimmunoassay, agglutination assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence immunoassay etc. have been used for detection of venoms and toxins. Important contributions have been made to improve the specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and simplicity of the ELISA method. Monoclonal antibodies and affinity-purified venom-specific antibodies were used to achieve species specificity of ELISA and the latter seems to be the ideal for venom detection. Incorporation of avidin-biotin system as well as the fluorogenic substrate in the enzyme immunoassay sufficiently increased the sensitivity of the assay to detect venom concentrations to picogram levels. The ability to use undiluted blood and other whole biological fluids reduce the assay time considerably. Although there have been several reports were on venom detection, so far only a few field kits have been developed. This implies that the experiments and design were only at the laboratory levels and still more work has to be carried out before it could be used in the field. Concerning the venom antibody detection, ELISA has been used extensively and the humoral response of patients envenomed by snake has been investigated in detail. Non-specific reactivity along with cross-reactivity still limits the use of ELISA for species identification in epidemiological studies. Overall, ELISA remains the suitable method for the detection of snake venoms, toxins and venom antibodies in body fluids. The possible use of a biosensor approach to solve some of the problems associated with the ELISA method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Selvanayagam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Singapore, Singapore
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42
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Dzyadevich SV, Korpan YI, Arkhipova VN, Martelet C, El'Skaya AV, Soldatkin AP. Application of enzyme field-effect transistors for determination of glucose concentrations in blood serum. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:283-7. [PMID: 10230028 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-sensitive enzyme field effect transistors (ENFETs) modified by an additional Nafion membrane have been developed and used for diluted blood samples analysis. The ENFET was used in the linear portion of the calibration curve up to 1.5 mM glucose in a model solution, which corresponds with up to 60 mM glucose in the undiluted samples (dilution 1:40). The high linearity of the Grans curve (factor of linearity is 1.03) obtained by the method of standard additions indicates the high precision of analysis. Glucose concentrations in different blood serum samples determined by ENFETs were compared with those measured by the commercial analyzer 'Eksan-G' and colorimetric method ('Diagluc' enzymatic kit), and good correlation between these methods was revealed. The high reproducibility and operational stability of the biosensor developed were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Dzyadevich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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43
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Piervincenzi RT, Reichert WM, Hellinga HW. Genetic engineering of a single-chain antibody fragment for surface immobilization in an optical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 1998; 13:305-12. [PMID: 9642767 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(97)00130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a biosensor based on a genetically engineered biomolecule offers many potential advantages to sensors that rely on natural proteins only. Here we present how protein engineering techniques can be used to introduce a functional unit for surface immobilization into a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). A peptide known to mimic the binding properties of biotin was fused to the carboxyterminus of the phosphorylcholine-binding scFv fragment of IgA McPC603. This fusion protein could be immobilized on a streptavidin monolayer. The resulting scFv monolayer was capable of binding a fluorescently labeled phosphorylcholine analog, as detected by total internal reflection fluorescence. In contrast, an scFv monolayer formed by introducing biotin through chemical modification was not capable of binding phosphorylcholine. These results demonstrate the utility of site-specific, oriented attachment strategies in the formation of protein monolayers in optical sensors, made possible by the use of protein engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Piervincenzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Bassi A, Lee E, Zhu JX. Carbon paste mediated, amperometric, thin film biosensors for fructose monitoring in honey. Food Res Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0963-9969(98)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marvin JS, Hellinga HW. Engineering Biosensors by Introducing Fluorescent Allosteric Signal Transducers: Construction of a Novel Glucose Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972993f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Marvin
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710
| | - Homme W. Hellinga
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, Box 3711, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710
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Davids JW, El-Bakri A, Heal J, Christie G, Roberts GW, Raynes JG, Miller AD. Selektive Inhibierung von Interleukin-1 durch Antisense-Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lobo MJ, Miranda AJ, Tuñón P. Amperometric biosensors based on NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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