1
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Shao M, Qiu Y, Shen M, Liu W, Feng D, Luo Z, Zhou Y. Procyanidin C1 inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by selective clearance of senescent myofibroblasts. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23749. [PMID: 38953707 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302547rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a formidable challenge in chronic and age-related lung diseases. Myofibroblasts secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix and induce pro-repair responses during normal wound healing. Successful tissue repair results in termination of myofibroblast activity via apoptosis; however, some myofibroblasts exhibit a senescent phenotype and escape apoptosis, causing over-repair that is characterized by pathological fibrotic scarring. Therefore, the removal of senescent myofibroblasts using senolytics is an important method for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Procyanidin C1 (PCC1) has recently been discovered as a senolytic compound with very low toxicity and few side effects. This study aimed to determine whether PCC1 could improve lung fibrosis by promoting apoptosis in senescent myofibroblasts and to investigate the mechanisms involved. The results showed that PCC1 attenuates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In addition, we found that PCC1 inhibited extracellular matrix deposition and promoted the apoptosis of senescent myofibroblasts by increasing PUMA expression and activating the BAX signaling pathway. Our findings represent a new method of pulmonary fibrosis management and emphasize the potential of PCC1 as a senotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, providing hope for patients with pulmonary fibrosis worldwide. Our results advance our understanding of age-related diseases and highlight the importance of addressing cellular senescence in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujia Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengxia Shen
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Community Nursing, Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Yu C, Asadian S, Tigano M. Molecular and cellular consequences of mitochondrial DNA double-stranded breaks. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R12-R18. [PMID: 38779775 PMCID: PMC11112379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles essential for life. Beyond their role in producing energy, mitochondria govern various physiological mechanisms, encompassing energy generation, metabolic processes, apoptotic events, and immune responses. Mitochondria also contain genetic material that is susceptible to various forms of damage. Mitochondrial double-stranded breaks (DSB) are toxic lesions that the nucleus repairs promptly. Nevertheless, the significance of DSB repair in mammalian mitochondria is controversial. This review presents an updated view of the available research on the consequences of mitochondrial DNA DSB from the molecular to the cellular level. We discuss the crucial function of mitochondrial DNA damage in regulating processes such as senescence, integrated stress response, and innate immunity. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of mitochondrial DNA DSB in mediating the cellular consequences of ionizing radiations, the standard of care in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia 19107, United States
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Samieh Asadian
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Marco Tigano
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia 19107, United States
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3
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Nakayama R, Anderson D, Goh VST, Fujishima Y, Yanagidate K, Ariyoshi K, Kasai K, Yoshida MA, Blakely WF, Miura T. Optimizing chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation assay for rapid estimation of high-radiation doses. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:448-458. [PMID: 38243879 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In the event of exposure to high doses of radiation, prompt dose estimation is crucial for selecting appropriate treatment modalities, such as cytokine therapy or stem cell transplantation. The chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method offers a simple approach for such dose estimation with significant radiation exposure, but its 48-h incubation time poses challenges for early dose assessment. In this study, we optimized the chemical-induced PCC assay for more rapid dose assessment. A sufficient number of PCC and G2/M-PCC cells were obtained after 40 h of culture for irradiated human peripheral blood up to 20 Gy. By adding caffeine (final concentration of 1 mM) at 34 h from the start of culture, G2/M-PCC index increased by 1.4-fold in 10 Gy cultures. There was also no significant difference in the G2/M-PCC ring frequency induced for doses 0 to 15 Gy between our 40-h caffeine-supplemented chemical-induced PCC method and the conventional 48-h PCC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, #04-01 CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kaito Yanagidate
- Department of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514 Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295 Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | | | - William F Blakely
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4555 South Palmer Road, Bldg. 42, Bethesda, MD 20889-5648, USA
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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4
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O’Leary BR, Kalen AL, Pope AN, Goswami PC, Cullen JJ. Hydrogen Peroxide Mediates Pharmacological Ascorbate Induced Radio-Sensitization of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Enhancing G2-accumulation and Reducing Cyclin B1 Protein Levels. Radiat Res 2023; 200:444-455. [PMID: 37758045 PMCID: PMC10699322 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH-, high dose, intravenous vitamin C) preferentially sensitizes human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to radiation-induced toxicity compared to non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. Radiation-induced G2-checkpoint activation contributes to the resistance of cancer cells to DNA damage induced toxicity. We hypothesized that P-AscH- induced radio-sensitization of PDAC cells is mediated by perturbations in the radiation induced activation of the G2-checkpoint pathway. Both non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal epithelial and PDAC cells display decreased clonogenic survival and increased doubling times after radiation treatment. In contrast, the addition of P-AscH- to radiation increases clonogenic survival and decreases the doubling time of non-tumorigenic epithelial cells but decreasing clonogenic survival and increasing the doubling time of PDAC cells. Results from the mitotic index and propidium iodide assays showed that while the P-AscH- treatments did not affect radiation-induced G2-checkpoint activation, it enhanced G2-accumulation. The addition of catalase reverses the increases in G2-accumulation, indicating a peroxide-mediated mechanism. In addition, P-AscH- treatment of PDAC cells suppresses radiation-induced accumulation of cyclin B1 protein levels. Both translational and post-translational pathways appear to regulate cyclin B1 protein levels after the combination treatment of PDAC cells with P-AscH- and radiation. The protein changes seen are reversed by the addition of catalase suggesting that hydrogen peroxide mediates P-AscH- induced radiation sensitization of PDAC cells by enhancing G2-accumulation and reducing cyclin B1 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R. O’Leary
- Departments of Surgery and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda L. Kalen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda N. Pope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Departments of Surgery and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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5
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Pan L, Wu Q, Wang Y, Ma S, Zhang S. Characterization and mechanisms of radioresistant lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1239-1250. [PMID: 37028947 PMCID: PMC10175036 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is an important clinical treatment for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and resistance to radiotherapy is an important cause of recurrence and metastasis in LUSC. The aim of this study was to establish and explore the biological characteristics of radioresistant LUSC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LUSC cell lines NCI-H2170 and NCI-H520 were irradiated (4 Gy × 15Fraction). Radiosensitivity, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage repair were measured by clonogenic survival assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX foci, and Comet assay, respectively. Activation of p-ATM(Ser1981), p-CHK2(Th68), p-DNA-PKcs (Ser2056), and Ku70/Ku80 was measured by western blot. Proteomics was used to explore the differential genes and enriched signaling pathways between radioresistant cell lines and parental lines. In vivo nude mouse xenograft experiments further verified the feasibility of the radioresistant LUSC cell lines. RESULTS After fractionated irradiation (total dose of 60 Gy), radioresistant cells had decreased radiosensitivity, increased G0/G1 phase arrest, enhanced DNA damage repair ability, and through the ATM/CHK2 and DNA-PKcs/Ku70 pathways regulated double strands break. The upregulated differential genes in radioresistant cell lines were mainly enriched in biological pathways such as cell migration and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. In vivo verification of decreased radiosensitivity of radioresistant cells CONCLUSIONS: Radioresistant LUSC cell lines were established by fractional radiotherapy, which regulates IR-induced DNA damage repair through ATM/CHK2 and DNA-PKcs/Ku70. Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics found that the biological process pathway of cell migration and ECM-receptor interaction are upregulated in LUSC radioresistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Pan
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Lohberger B, Glänzer D, Eck N, Stasny K, Falkner A, Leithner A, Georg D. The ATR Inhibitor VE-821 Enhances the Radiosensitivity and Suppresses DNA Repair Mechanisms of Human Chondrosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2315. [PMID: 36768638 PMCID: PMC9917087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the resistance to radiotherapy in chondrosarcomas, the prevention of efficient DNA repair with an additional treatment was explored for particle beams as well as reference X-ray irradiation. The combined treatment with DNA repair inhibitors-with a focus on ATRi VE-821-and proton or carbon ions irradiation was investigated regarding cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, MAPK phosphorylation, and the expression of key DNA repair genes in two human chondrosarcoma cell lines. Pre-treatment with the PARPis Olaparib or Veliparib, the ATMi Ku-55933, and the ATRi VE-821 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in viability, whereas VE-821 has the most efficient response. Quantification of γH2AX phosphorylation and protein expression of the DNA repair pathways showed a reduced regenerative capacity after irradiation. Furthermore, combined treatment with VE-821 and particle irradiation increased MAPK phosphorylation and the expression of apoptosis markers. At the gene expression and at the protein expression/phosphorylation level, we were able to demonstrate the preservation of DNA damage after combined treatment. The present data showed that the combined treatment with ATMi VE-821 increases the radiosensitivity of human chondrosarcoma cells in vitro and significantly suppresses efficient DNA repair mechanisms, thus improving the efficiency of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anna Falkner
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Lohberger B, Barna S, Glänzer D, Eck N, Kerschbaum-Gruber S, Stasny K, Leithner A, Georg D. Cellular and Molecular Biological Alterations after Photon, Proton, and Carbon Ions Irradiation in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells Linked with High-Quality Physics Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11464. [PMID: 36232764 PMCID: PMC9569755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are particularly difficult to treat due to their resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, particle therapy can enhance local control and patient survival rates. To improve our understanding of the basic cellular radiation response, as a function of dose and linear energy transfer (LET), we developed a novel water phantom-based setup for cell culture experiments and characterized it dosimetrically. In a direct comparison, human chondrosarcoma cell lines were analyzed with regard to their viability, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and DNA repair behavior after irradiation with X-ray, proton, and carbon ions. Our results clearly showed that cell viability and proliferation were inhibited according to the increasing ionization density, i.e., LET, of the irradiation modes. Furthermore, a prominent G2/M arrest was shown. Gene expression profiling proved the upregulation of the senescence genes CDKN1A (p21), CDKN2A (p16NK4a), BMI1, and FOXO4 after particle irradiation. Both proton or C-ion irradiation caused a positive regulation of the repair genes ATM, NBN, ATXR, and XPC, and a highly significant increase in XRCC1/2/3, ERCC1, XPC, and PCNA expression, with C-ions appearing to activate DNA repair mechanisms more effectively. The link between the physical data and the cellular responses is an important contribution to the improvement of the treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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8
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A novel KU70-mutant human leukemic cell line generated using CRISPR-Cas9 shows increased sensitivity to DSB inducing agents and reduced NHEJ activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130246. [PMID: 36162731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
KU70 (XRCC6 gene in humans) is one of the proteins in the KU70-KU80 heterodimer which is the first component recruited to broken DNA ends during DNA double-strand break repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Previous studies have shown that Ku70 deficient mouse cells are defective in NHEJ and V(D)J recombination. In contrast, heterozygous KU70 mutant human cell lines did not show any significant change in cell viability and sensitivity towards ionizing radiation. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technique to generate a KU70 mutant (heterozygous) human pre-B leukemic cell line (N6-KU70-2-DG). We observed that the N6-KU70-2-DG cells showed a prominent reduction in the expression of both KU70 mRNA and protein. The mutant cells showed reduced cell viability, increased sensitivity to DSB inducing agents such as ionizing radiation (IR) and etoposide, and increased number of unrepaired DSBs after exposure to IR. In addition, the mutant cells showed a reduction in the NHEJ activity and increased rate of microhomology mediated joining (MMEJ) activity. KU70 mutant cells also revealed enhanced level of senescence markers following irradiation. Thus, we report a novel KU70-mutant leukemic cell line (heterozygous) with reduced NHEJ, which is sensitive to DNA damaging agents, unlike the previously reported other KU heterozygous mutant cell lines.
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9
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Wang Q, Li Z, Yang J, Peng S, Zhou Q, Yao K, Cai W, Xie Z, Qin F, Li H, Chen X, Li K, Huang H. Loss of NEIL3 activates radiotherapy resistance in the progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0550. [PMID: 34591415 PMCID: PMC9425180 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic changes in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and the reason why these cancers resist existing therapies. METHODS We employed our CRPC cell line microarray and other CRPC or NEPC datasets to screen the target gene NEIL3. Lentiviral transfection and RNA interference were used to construct overexpression and knockdown cell lines. Cell and animal models of radiotherapy were established by using a medical electron linear accelerator. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis or cell cycle progression. Western blot and qPCR were used to detect changes in the protein and RNA levels. RESULTS TCGA and clinical patient datasets indicated that NEIL3 was downregulated in CRPC and NEPC cell lines, and NEIL3 was correlated with a high Gleason score but a good prognosis. Further functional studies demonstrated that NEIL3 had no effect on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. However, cell and animal radiotherapy models revealed that NEIL3 could facilitate the radiotherapy sensitivity of PCa cells, while loss of NEIL3 activated radiotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, we found that NEIL3 negatively regulated the expression of ATR, and higher NEIL3 expression repressed the ATR/CHK1 pathway, thus regulating the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that NEIL3 may serve as a diagnostic or therapeutic target for therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zean Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shirong Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenli Cai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhongqiu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fujun Qin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
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10
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Sun Z, Wang X, Wang J, Wang J, Liu X, Huang R, Chen C, Deng M, Wang H, Han F. Key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes identified by integrated transcriptome analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7404-7417. [PMID: 34432380 PMCID: PMC8525106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that is endemic to China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy is the usual treatment, however, radioresistance remains a major reason for failure. This study aimed to find key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes of NPC and clarify the mechanism of NPC radioresistance by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the differences in gene expression profiles between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissues. A total of 21 NPC biopsy specimens with different radiosensitivity were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes in RNA sequencing data were identified using R software. The differentially expressed gene data derived from RNA sequencing as well as prior knowledge in the form of pathway databases were integrated to find sub‐networks of related genes. The data of RNA sequencing with the GSE48501 data from the GEO database were combined to further search for more reliable genes associated with radioresistance of NPC. Survival analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method based on the expression of the genes were conducted to facilitate the understanding of the clinical significance of the differentially expressed genes. RT‐qPCR was performed to validate the expression levels of the differentially expressed genes. We identified 1182 differentially expressed genes between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissue samples. Compared to the radiosensitive group, 22 genes were significantly upregulated and 1160 genes were downregulated in the radioresistant group. In addition, 10 major NPC radiation resistance network models were identified through integration analysis with known NPC radiation resistance‐associated genes and mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified three core genes, DOCK4, MCM9, and POPDC3 among 12 common downregulated genes in the two datasets, which were validated by RT‐qPCR. The findings of this study provide new clues for clarifying the mechanism of NPC radioresistance, and further experimental studies of these core genes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Runda Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xu B, Chen H, Xu Z, Yao X, Sun X, Cheng H. CDCA2 promotes tumorigenesis and induces radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:530. [PMID: 34036376 PMCID: PMC8170267 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle‑associated 2 (CDCA2) overexpression has been demonstrated to serve a significant role in tumorigenesis in certain types of cancer. Nevertheless, its role in tumour proliferation and radioresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate these roles. Data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare the gene expression profiles. The expression of CDCA2 was higher in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed based on the ESCC cohorts in TCGA database. This demonstrated that higher expression of CDCA2 was significantly associated with the expression of related components of the cell cycle phase transition and G2/M phase transition pathways. Collectively, the results revealed that CDCA2 could serve as an underlying target to regulate tumour growth and radioresistance among patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Synthetic Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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12
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Cycling Stem Cells Are Radioresistant and Regenerate the Intestine. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107952. [PMID: 32726617 PMCID: PMC7789978 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A certain number of epithelial cells in intestinal crypts are DNA damage resistant and contribute to regeneration. However, the cellular mechanism underlying intestinal regeneration remains unclear. Using lineage tracing, we show that cells marked by an Msi1 reporter (Msi1+) are right above Lgr5high cells in intestinal crypts and exhibit DNA damage resistance. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that the Msi1+ cells are heterogeneous with the majority being intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The DNA damage-resistant subpopulation of Msi1+ cells is characterized by low-to-negative Lgr5 expression and is more rapidly cycling than Lgr5high radiosensitive crypt base columnar stem cells (CBCs). This enables an efficient repopulation of the intestinal epithelium at early stage when Lgr5high cells are not emerging. Furthermore, relative to CBCs, Msi1+ cells preferentially produce Paneth cells during homeostasis and upon radiation repair. Together, we demonstrate that the DNA damage-resistant Msi1+ cells are cycling ISCs that maintain and regenerate the intestinal epithelium. Quiescent reserve stem cells in the intestine are thought to activate following irradiation to restore the depleted Lgr5high CBCs. Now, Sheng et al. demonstrate that cycling Msi1+ cells represent DNA damage-resistant ISCs that support efficient repopulation of the intestinal epithelium at the early stage of post-radiation repair, ahead of Lgr5high CBCs.
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13
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Zhang M, Qu J, Gao Z, Qi Q, Yin H, Zhu L, Wu Y, Liu W, Yang J, Huang X. Timosaponin AIII Induces G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Activating the ATM/Chk2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:601468. [PMID: 33628174 PMCID: PMC7898553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (TAIII), a steroidal saponin, exerts potent anti-tumor activity in various cancers, especially breast cancer. However, the concrete molecular mechanisms of TAIII against breast cancer are still unclear. Here, we find that TAIII triggers DNA damage, leads to G2/M arrest, and ultimately induces apoptosis in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. TAIII induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells accompanied with down-regulation of CyclinB1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C. Further data showed that the ATM/Chk2 and p38 pathways were activated representing by up-regulated levels of p-H2A.X and p-p38, which indicated an induction of DNA damage by TAIII, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The effects of TAIII were further confirmed by employing inhibitors of ATM and p38 pathways. In vivo, TAIII suppressed the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumor without obvious toxicity, which indicated by Ki67 and TUNEL analysis. Data also showed that TAIII stimulated the ATM/Chk2 and p38 MAPK pathways in vivo, which in consistent with the effects in vitro. Hence, our data demonstrate that TAIII triggers DNA damage and activates ATM/Chk2 and p38 MAPK pathways, and then induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer, which provide theoretical evidence for TAIII utilized as drug against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxi Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Kaminaga K, Hamada R, Usami N, Suzuki K, Yokoya A. Targeted Nuclear Irradiation with an X-Ray Microbeam Enhances Total JC-1 Fluorescence from Mitochondria. Radiat Res 2020; 194:511-518. [PMID: 33045074 DOI: 10.1667/rr15110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are critically involved in the pleiotropic manifestation of radiation effects. While conventional whole-cell irradiation compromises the function of mitochondria, the effects of subcellular targeted radiation are not yet fully understood. In this study, normal human diploid cells with cell-cycle indicators were irradiated using a synchrotron X-ray microbeam, and mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by JC-1 over the 72-h period postirradiation. Cytoplasmic irradiation was observed to temporarily enlarge the mitochondrial area with high membrane potential, while the total mitochondrial area did not change significantly. Unexpectedly, cell-nucleus irradiation promoted a similar increase not only in the mitochondrial areas with high membrane potential, but also in those with low membrane potential, which gave rise to the apparent increase in the total mitochondrial area. Augmentation of the mitochondrial area with low membrane potential was predominantly observed among G1 cells, suggesting that nucleus irradiation during the G1 phase regulated the mitochondrial dynamics of the cytoplasm, presumably through DNA damage in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Kaminaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Noriko Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Structure Sciences, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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15
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Leite Filho HP, Pinto IP, Oliveira LG, Costa EOA, da Cruz AS, e Silva DDM, da Silva CC, Caetano AR, da Cruz AD. Deviation from Mendelian transmission of autosomal SNPs can be used to estimate germline mutations in humans exposed to ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233941. [PMID: 33108378 PMCID: PMC7591025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the rate of germline mutations in the offspring of individuals accidentally exposed to Cesium-137 ionizing radiation. The study included two distinct groups: one of cases, consisting of males and females accidentally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation of Cs137, and a control group of non-exposed participants. The cases included 37 people representing 11 families and 15 children conceived after the accident. Exposed families incurred radiation absorbed doses in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 Gray. The control group included 15 families and 15 children also conceived after 1987 in Goiânia with no history of radiation exposure. DNA samples from peripheral blood were analyzed with the Affymetrix GeneChip® CytoScanHD™ to estimate point mutations in autosomal SNPs. A set of scripts previously developed was used to detect de novo mutations by comparing parent and offspring genotypes at the level of each SNP marker. Overall numbers of observed Mendelian deviations were statistically significant between the exposed and control groups. Our retrospective transgenerational DNA analysis showed a 44.0% increase in the burden of SNP mutations in the offspring of cases when compared to controls, based on the average of MFMD for the two groups. Parent-of-origin and type of nucleotide substitution were also inferred. This proved useful in a retrospective estimation of the rate of de novo germline mutations in a human population accidentally exposed to low doses of radiation from Cesium-137. Our results suggested that observed burden of germline mutations identified in offspring was a potentially useful biomarker of effect to estimate parental exposure to low doses of IR and could become an important marker suitable for biomonitoring human population exposed to environmental mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pereira Leite Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Irene Plaza Pinto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorraynne Guimarães Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Emília Oliveira Alves Costa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alex Silva da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo e Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Claudio Carlos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética Humana, Laboratório Estadual de Saúde Pública Dr. Giovanni Cysneiros, Secretaria de Saúde Pública do Estado de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Replicon, Mestrado em Genética, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontíficia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética Humana, Laboratório Estadual de Saúde Pública Dr. Giovanni Cysneiros, Secretaria de Saúde Pública do Estado de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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16
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The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4834965. [PMID: 32908893 PMCID: PMC7468606 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4834965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionising radiation- (IR-) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single-strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR-induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR-induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR-induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR-induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR-induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA-end structure, and DNA-end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathway.
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17
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Zhao L, Bao C, Shang Y, He X, Ma C, Lei X, Mi D, Sun Y. The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: doi.org/10.1155/2020/4834965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation- (IR-) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single-strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR-induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR-induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR-induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR-induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR-induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA-end structure, and DNA-end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Chengyu Bao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxuan Shang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Xinye He
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Mi
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
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18
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Yu SH, Lee CM, Ha SH, Lee J, Jang KY, Park SH. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by tomentosin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:231-244. [PMID: 32787465 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120943935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tomentosin, a sesquiterpene lactone, is known to possess various biological activities. However, its anticarcinogenic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has not been investigated in detail. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of tomentosin in human HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7. WST-1, cell counting, and colony formation assay results showed that treatment with tomentosin decreased the viability and suppressed the proliferation rate of HepG2 and Huh7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed increased population of cells at the SubG1 and G2/M stage, and decreased population of cells at the G0/1 stage in HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with tomentosin. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and TUNEL assay results showed increased apoptotic cell population and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 and Huh7 cells treated with tomentosin. Western blotting analysis results showed that tomentosin treatment significantly increased the expression level of Bax, Bim (short form), cleaved PARP1, FOXO3, p53, pSer15p53, pSer20p53, pSer46p53, p21, and p27, but decreased the expression of Bcl2, caspase3, caspase7, caspase9, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, CDK6, cyclinB1, cyclinD1, cyclinD2, cyclinD3, and cyclinE in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study revealed that tomentosin, which acted through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, may be a useful therapeutic option against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yu
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, 26714Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, 65666Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Y Jang
- Department of Pathology, 26714Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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19
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Adaku N, Park HB, Spakowicz DJ, Tiwari MK, Strobel SA, Crawford JM, Rogers FA. A DNA Repair Inhibitor Isolated from an Ecuadorian Fungal Endophyte Exhibits Synthetic Lethality in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1899-1908. [PMID: 32407116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the tumor suppressor PTEN, either at the protein or genomic level, plays an important role in human cancer development. The high frequency of PTEN deficiency reported across several cancer subtypes positions therapeutic approaches that exploit PTEN loss-of-function with the ability to significantly impact the treatment strategies of a large patient population. Here, we report that an endophytic fungus isolated from a medicinal plant produces an inhibitor of DNA double-strand-break repair. Furthermore, the novel alkaloid product, which we have named irrepairzepine (1), demonstrated synthetic lethal targeting in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells. Our results uncover a new therapeutic lead for PTEN-deficient cancers and an important molecular tool toward enhancing the efficacy of current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneoma Adaku
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Meetu Kaushik Tiwari
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott A Strobel
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
| | - Faye A Rogers
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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20
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Buckley AM, Lynam-Lennon N, O'Neill H, O'Sullivan J. Targeting hallmarks of cancer to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:298-313. [PMID: 32005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of approximately 50% of all malignancies including gastrointestinal cancers. Radiation can be given prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radiotherapy) to shrink the tumour or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiotherapy aims to maximize damage to cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells. However, only 10-30% of patients with rectal cancer or oesophageal cancer have a pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, with the rest suffering the negative consequences of toxicities and delays to surgery with no clinical benefit. Furthermore, in pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy results in a pathological complete response in only 4% of patients and a partial pathological response in only 31%. Resistance to radiation therapy is polymodal and associated with a number of biological alterations both within the tumour itself and in the surrounding microenvironment including the following: altered cell cycle; repopulation by cancer stem cells; hypoxia; altered management of oxidative stress; evasion of apoptosis; altered DNA damage response and enhanced DNA repair; inflammation; and altered mitochondrial function and cellular energetics. Radiosensitizers are needed to improve treatment response to radiation, which will directly influence patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. This article reviews the literature to identify strategies - including DNA-targeting agents, antimetabolic agents, antiangiogenics and novel immunotherapies - being used to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers according to the hallmarks of cancer. Evidence from radiosensitizers from in vitro and in vivo models is documented and the action of radiosensitizers through clinical trial data is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Fujiyama H, Tsuji T, Hironaka K, Yoshida K, Sugimoto N, Fujita M. GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcriptional activity. J Biochem 2020; 167:15-24. [PMID: 31545368 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-rich WD40 repeat containing 1 (GRWD1) functions as a histone chaperone to promote loading of the MCM replication helicase at replication origins. GRWD1 is overexpressed in several cancer cell lines, and GRWD1 overexpression confers tumorigenic potential in human cells. However, less is known concerning its oncogenic activity. Our previous analysis showed that GRWD1 negatively regulates the tumour suppressor p53 via the RPL11-MDM2-p53 and RPL23-MDM2-p53 axes. Here, we demonstrate that GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 via the p53 DNA-binding domain. Upon DNA damage, GRWD1 downregulation resulted in increased p21 expression. Conversely, GRWD1 co-expression suppressed several p53-regulated promoters. GRWD1 interacted with the p21 and MDM2 promoters, and these interactions required p53. By using the Human Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found that GRWD1 expression levels are inversely correlated with the expression levels of some p53-target genes. Interestingly, high GRWD1 expression in combination with low expression levels of some p53-target genes was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in skin melanoma patients with wild-type p53. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel oncogenic function of GRWD1 as a transcriptional regulator of p53 and that GRWD1 might be an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujiyama
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hironaka
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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22
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Dent P. Investigational CHK1 inhibitors in early phase clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:1095-1100. [PMID: 31783714 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1694661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors have been in development for two decades. The initial CHK1 inhibitor staurosporine analog, UCN01, entered clinical trials whilst it was still considered to act via PKC inhibition; only later were trials performed in a more focused fashion to determine whether CHK1 inhibition could dysregulate cell cycle checkpoints. Many of the subsequently synthesized more specific CHK1 inhibitors have failed because of poor PK/PD or cumulative normal tissue toxicities in patients. CHK1 inhibitor monotherapy often demonstrates limited efficacy and in general, must be combined with other agents. The combination of CHK1 inhibitors with modern signaling regulators may be a better therapeutic strategy.Areas covered: This review discusses the history of, and translational use of CHK1 inhibitors; the latest generation of CHK1 inhibitors to enter clinic development are also examined.Expert opinion: Some CHK1 inhibitors can be administered safely, but that when they are combined with traditional cytotoxic DNA damaging agents, the normal tissue toxicities outweigh the very modest gains in therapeutic efficacy. Researchers need to think outside of the box and consider how CHK1 inhibitors can be combined with other signal transduction modulators such as MEK1/2 and PARP1 inhibitors to kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Mitigation of radiation-induced gastro-intestinal injury by the polyphenolic acetate 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14134. [PMID: 31575959 PMCID: PMC6773728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) constitutes a crucial clinical element of acute radiation syndrome with life-threatening implications posing challenges in devising effective medical countermeasures. Herein, we report the potential of 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin (DAMTC) to mitigate RIII following total-body irradiation (TBI) in C57BL/6 mice and underlying mechanisms. Administration of DAMTC 24 hours post TBI facilitated structural reconstitution and restoration of functional absorption linked to alleviation of radiation-induced apoptotic death of intestinal crypt progenitor/stem (ICPS) and villus stromal cells through induction of Bcl-2 family-mediated anti-apoptotic signalling. Reduction in TBI-induced DNA damage accumulation coupled with inhibition of cell cycle arrest through stimulation of anti-p53- and anti-p21-dependent synergistic signalling protected ICPS cells from radiation injury. Enhanced proliferation of crypt stem cells, induction of anti-oxidant defence, subjugation of TBI-induced lipid peroxidation and phenotypic polarization of intestinal macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 class underlie amelioration of RIII. Stimulation of multiple mitigative signalling processes by DAMTC appeared to be associated with enhanced protein acetylation, an important regulator of cellular responses to radiation damage. Our findings establish the mitigative potential of DAMTC against RIII by hyper-acetylation-mediated epigenetic regulation, which triggers axes of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways, enabling proliferation and maintenance of ICPS cells leading to epithelial regeneration.
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Xiang Y, Wu C, Wu J, Quan W, Cheng C, Zhou J, Chen L, Xiang L, Li F, Zhang K, Ran Q, Zhang Y, Li Z. In vitro expansion affects the response of human bone marrow stromal cells to irradiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30850008 PMCID: PMC6408817 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are extensively used in regeneration therapy and cytology experiments simulate how BMSCs respond to radiation. Due to the small number and the heterogeneity of primary isolated BMSCs, extensive in vitro expansion is usually required before application, which affects the cellular characteristics and gene expression of BMSCs. However, whether the radiation response of BMSCs changes during in vitro expansion is unclear. METHODS In this study, BMSCs were passaged in vitro and irradiated at passage 6 (P6) and passage 10 (P10). Then, apoptosis, the cell cycle, senescence, the cytokine secretion and the gene expression profile were analysed for the P6, P10, and non-irradiated (control) BMSCs at different post-irradiation time points. RESULTS The P6 BMSCs had a lower percentage of apoptotic cells than the P10 BMSCs at 24 and 48 h post-irradiation but not compared to that of the controls at 2 and 8 h post-irradiation. The P6 BMSCs had a lower percentage of cells in S phase and a higher percentage in G1 phase than the P10 BMSCs at 2 and 8 h post-irradiation. The radiation had similar effects on the senescent cell level and impaired immunomodulation capacity of the P6 and P10 BMSCs. Regardless of whether they were irradiated, the P6 and P10 BMSCs always expressed a distinctive set of genes. The upregulated genes were enriched in pathways including the cell cycle, DNA replication and oocyte meiosis. Then, a subset of conserved irradiation response genes across the BMSCs was identified, comprising 12 differentially upregulated genes and 5 differentially downregulated genes. These genes were especially associated with the p53 signaling pathway, DNA damage and DNA repair. Furthermore, validation experiments revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of these conserved genes were different between the P6 and P10 BMSCs after irradiation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis supported these findings and further revealed the effects of cell passage on the irradiation response in BMSCs. CONCLUSION The results indicated that cell passage in vitro affected the irradiation response of BMSCs via molecular mechanisms that mediated differences in apoptosis, the cell cycle, senescence and the cytokine secretion. Thus, accurate cell passage information is not only important for transplantation therapy but also for future studies on the radiation response in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Weili Quan
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, 430075 Hubei China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, 430075 Hubei China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, 430075 Hubei China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Lixin Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, 430075 Hubei China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation biology laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037 China
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Deng J, Yu P, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhewen S, Cai M, Yuan H, Liang H, Yang F. Novel Pt(ii) complexes with modified aroyl-hydrazone Schiff-base ligands: synthesis, cytotoxicity and action mechanism. Metallomics 2019; 11:1847-1863. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The complex-induced apoptosis of cancer cells via: (1) the mitochondrial pathway; (2) inserting into and cleaving DNA; and (3) inhibiting telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Sun Zhewen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Meiling Cai
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | | | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- China
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26
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Leukaemia inhibitory factor is associated with treatment resistance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33634-33647. [PMID: 30263091 PMCID: PMC6154751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor 5 year survival rate of <20% of diagnosed patients. Unfortunately, only 20-30% Oesophageal Adenocarinoma (OAC) patients show a beneficial response to neoadjuvant therapy (neoCT). Inflammation influences OAC given the increased risk of cancer development and poor outcome for obese patients where altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines from adipose tissue contributes a pro-tumourigenic environment. We carried out a large proteomics screen of 184 proteins to compare the inflammatory and oncogenic profiles of an isogenic radioresistant in-vitro model of OAC. We found that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an IL-6 type cytokine, was significantly elevated in radioresistant OAC cells (p=0.007). Furthermore, significantly higher circulating levels of LIF were present in the serum from treatment-naive OAC patients who had a subsequent poor pathological response to neo-adjuvant therapy, (p=0.037). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed expression of LIF receptor (LIFR) may function as a predictive indicator of response to neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in OAC. LIF was demonstrated to be actively secreted from human OAC treatment-naïve biopsies and significantly correlated with the secretion of bFGF, VEGF-A and IL-8 (p<0.05, R=1), (p<0.05, R=0.9429), and (p<0.05, R=1) respectively. Importantly, LIF secretion negatively correlated with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in pre-treatment OAC patient biopsies, (r=-0.8783, p=0.033). Elevated circulating LIF is a marker of poor response to neo-adjuvant treatment in OAC and secretion of this chemokine from the tumour is tightly linked with pro-tumourigenic mediators including bFGF, VEGF-A and IL-8. Targeting this pathway may be a novel mechanism enhance neoadjuvant treatment responses in OAC.
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27
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Li M, You L, Xue J, Lu Y. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Cellular Senescence in Normal, Non-transformed Cells and the Involved DNA Damage Response: A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:522. [PMID: 29872395 PMCID: PMC5972185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is identified by a living cell in irreversible and persistent cell cycle arrest in response to various cellular stresses. Senescent cells secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors that can amplify cellular senescence and alter the microenvironments. Radiotherapy, via ionizing radiation, serves as an effective treatment for local tumor control with side effects on normal cells, which can induce inflammation and fibrosis in irradiated and nearby regions. Research has revealed that senescent phenotype is observable in irradiated organs. This process starts with DNA damage mediated by radiation, after which a G2 arrest occurs in virtually all eukaryotic cells and a mitotic bypass is possibly necessary to ultimately establish cellular senescence. Within this complex DNA damage response signaling network, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein, p53, and p21 stand out as the crucial mediators. Senolytic agents, a class of small molecules that can selectively kill senescent cells, hold great potential to substantially reduce the side effects caused by radiotherapy while reasonably steer clear of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting You
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Sreetharan S, Thome C, Tsang KK, Somers CM, Manzon RG, Boreham DR, Wilson JY. Micronuclei formation in rainbow trout cells exposed to multiple stressors: Morpholine, heat shock, and ionizing radiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:38-47. [PMID: 29111319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discharges from industrial cooling water systems can include low levels of morpholine (a chemical pH regulator and corrosion inhibitor), as well as transiently higher temperature effluent water which present a potential source of environmental impact to aquatic biota. The effects of environmental levels of morpholine or heat shock (HS) treatment alone and in combination with a challenge high-dose of 137Cs ionizing radiation were studied using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in a rainbow trout cell line (RTG-2). Morpholine treatment of 10 or 100mgL-1 alone produced no significant effects, and no interaction was observed in combination with 7.75Gy radiation. A 9°C magnitude HS treatment alone significantly increased micronuclei formation. A synergistic response was observed when 9°C HS was combined with 7.75Gy radiation, with 15% more cells containing 3 or more micronuclei than the sum of each individual stressor. A synergistic increase in the average number of micronuclei was observed when morpholine and a 9°C HS were co-treated. These results indicate that morpholine at environmentally-relevant levels does not impact micronuclei formation or cell cycle progression however 9°C HS may be of potential concern both alone and in combination with other stressor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher Thome
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada.
| | - Kara K Tsang
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher M Somers
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, SK, Canada.
| | - Richard G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, SK, Canada.
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton L8S 4L8, ON, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury P3E 2C6, ON, Canada.
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
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29
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Ye J, Zhang Y, Liang W, Huang J, Wang L, Zhong X. UHRF1 is an Independent Prognostic Factor and a Potential Therapeutic Target of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:4027-4039. [PMID: 29187878 PMCID: PMC5706005 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring-finger domains 1 (UHRF1) plays an essential role in DNA methylation, and the overexpression of UHRF1 is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for approximately 90% of esophageal cancer cases in China, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 10% due to limited clinical approaches for early diagnosis and treatment. The present research aimed to investigate the expression of UHRF1 in ESCC and its biological role in ESCC development. Methods: UHRF1 expression in ESCC and normal esophageal tissues was examined using immunohistochemical staining, followed by analysis of the correlation between UHRF1 expression and clinical features. In addition, the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of UHRF1 on global DNA methylation, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis and were investigated in ESCC cells. Results: UHRF1 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. In ESCC cells, knockdown of UHRF1 caused global DNA hypomethylation, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, UHRF1 depletion induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, accompanied by activation of Wee1 and DNA damage response pathway. Conclusions: Our findings identify UHRF1 as a promising prognostic marker for ESCC and suggest that UHRF1 may be a potential therapy target for ESCC patients with elevated UHRF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Identification of the protective mechanisms of Lactoferrin in the irradiated salivary gland. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9753. [PMID: 28852132 PMCID: PMC5575150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used in patients with head and neck cancer, and usually results in irreversible salivary glands damage and hypofunction. It is therefore important to manage such irradiation to prevent damage to the salivary glands. A previous study showed that Lactoferrin (LF) has a radioprotective effect, but the mechanism was not determined in salivary glands. In the present study, we investigated the detailed radioprotective effect of LF using both ex vivo submandibular salivary gland organ culture and ICR male mice in vivo. We found that LF had effects on both cell proliferation and CyclinD1-mediated cell-cycle progression which were regulated via the ERK1/2 and AKT signal transduction pathways. In addition, LF affected acinar cell structure and function after irradiation. These findings suggest that LF may be a useful agent to prevent irradiation effects in salivary glands.
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Yun KL, Wang ZY. Target/signalling pathways of natural plant-derived radioprotective agents from treatment to potential candidates: A reverse thought on anti-tumour drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:1122-1151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Analysis of global DNA methylation changes in primary human fibroblasts in the early phase following X-ray irradiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177442. [PMID: 28489894 PMCID: PMC5425224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations may contribute to the generation of cancer cells in a multi-step process of tumorigenesis following irradiation of normal body cells. Primary human fibroblasts with intact cell cycle checkpoints were used as a model to test whether X-ray irradiation with 2 and 4 Gray induces direct epigenetic effects (within the first cell cycle) in the exposed cells. ELISA-based fluorometric assays were consistent with slightly reduced global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, however the observed between-group differences were usually not significant. Similarly, bisulfite pyrosequencing of interspersed LINE-1 repeats and centromeric α-satellite DNA did not detect significant methylation differences between irradiated and non-irradiated cultures. Methylation of interspersed ALU repeats appeared to be slightly increased (one percentage point; p = 0.01) at 6 h after irradiation with 4 Gy. Single-cell analysis showed comparable variations in repeat methylation among individual cells in both irradiated and control cultures. Radiation-induced changes in global repeat methylation, if any, were much smaller than methylation variation between different fibroblast strains. Interestingly, α-satellite DNA methylation positively correlated with gestational age. Finally, 450K methylation arrays mainly targeting genes and CpG islands were used for global DNA methylation analysis. There were no detectable methylation differences in genic (promoter, 5' UTR, first exon, gene body, 3' UTR) and intergenic regions between irradiated and control fibroblast cultures. Although we cannot exclude minor effects, i.e. on individual CpG sites, collectively our data suggest that global DNA methylation remains rather stable in irradiated normal body cells in the early phase of DNA damage response.
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Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. The Role of Lymphocytes in Radiotherapy-Induced Adverse Late Effects in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:591. [PMID: 28018357 PMCID: PMC5155013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are dose-limiting side effects of thoracic irradiation. Thoracic irradiation triggers acute and chronic environmental lung changes that are shaped by the damage response of resident cells, by the resulting reaction of the immune system, and by repair processes. Although considerable progress has been made during the last decade in defining involved effector cells and soluble mediators, the network of pathophysiological events and the cellular cross talk linking acute tissue damage to chronic inflammation and fibrosis still require further definition. Infiltration of cells from the innate and adaptive immune systems is a common response of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Herein, lymphocytes represent a versatile and wide-ranged group of cells of the immune system that can react under specific conditions in various ways and participate in modulating the lung environment by adopting pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or even pro- or anti-fibrotic phenotypes. The present review provides an overview on published data about the role of lymphocytes in radiation-induced lung disease and related damage-associated pulmonary diseases with a focus on T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. We also discuss the suspected dual role of specific lymphocyte subsets during the pneumonitic phase and fibrotic phase that is shaped by the environmental conditions as well as the interaction and the intercellular cross talk between cells from the innate and adaptive immune systems and (damaged) resident epithelial cells and stromal cells (e.g., endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and fibroblasts). Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic targets suited to counteract pathological lymphocyte responses to prevent or treat radiation-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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Asahina T, Kaida A, Goto T, Yoshimura RI, Sasai K, Miura M. Temporo-spatial cell-cycle kinetics in HeLa cells irradiated by Ir-192 high dose-rate remote afterloading system (HDR-RALS). Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:99. [PMID: 27473168 PMCID: PMC4966784 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracavitary irradiation plays a pivotal role in definitive radiotherapy for cervical cancer, and the Ir-192 high dose-rate remote afterloading system (HDR-RALS) is often used for this purpose. Under this condition, tumor tissues receive remarkably different absorption doses, with a steep gradient, depending on distance from the radiation source. To obtain temporo-spatial information regarding cell-cycle kinetics in cervical cancer following irradiation by Ir-192 HDR-RALS, we examined HeLa cells expressing the fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci), which allowed us to visualize cell-cycle progression. Methods HeLa-Fucci cells, which emit red and green fluorescence in G1 and S/G2/M phases, respectively, were grown on 35-mm dishes and irradiated by Ir-192 HDR-RALS under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A 6 French (Fr) catheter was used as an applicator. A radiation dose of 6 Gy was prescribed at hypothetical treatment point A, located 20 mm from the radiation source. Changes in Fucci fluorescence after irradiation were visualized for cells from 5 to 20 mm from the Ir-192 source. Several indices, including first green phase duration after irradiation (FGPD), were measured by analysis of time-lapse images. Results Cells located 5 to 20 mm from the Ir-192 source became green, reflecting arrest in G2, in a similar manner up to 12 h after irradiation; at more distant positions, however, cells were gradually released from the G2 arrest and became red. This could be explained by the observation that the FGPD was longer for cells closer to the radiation source. Detailed observation revealed that FGPD was significantly longer in cells irradiated in the green phase than in the red phase at positions closer to the Ir-192 source. Unexpectedly, the FGPD was significantly longer after irradiation under hypoxia than normoxia, due in large part to the elongation of FGPD in cells irradiated in the red phase. Conclusion Using HeLa-Fucci cells, we obtained the first temporo-spatial information about cell-cycle kinetics following irradiation by Ir-192 HDR-RALS. Our findings suggest that the potentially surviving hypoxic cells, especially those arising from positions around point A, exhibit different cell-cycle kinetics from normoxic cells destined to be eradicated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13014-016-0669-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Asahina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Goto
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ryo-Ichi Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Therapeutics and Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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Santacruz-Gomez K, Silva-Campa E, Melendrez-Amavizca R, Teran Arce F, Mata-Haro V, Landon PB, Zhang C, Pedroza-Montero M, Lal R. Carboxylated nanodiamonds inhibit γ-irradiation damage of human red blood cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7189-7196. [PMID: 26972691 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds when carboxylated (cNDs) act as reducing agents and hence could limit oxidative damage in biological systems. Gamma (γ)-irradiation of whole blood or its components is required in immunocompetent patients to prevent transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD). However, γ-irradiation of blood also deoxygenates red blood cells (RBCs) and induces oxidative damage, including abnormalities in cellular membranes and hemolysis. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy, we examined the effect of cNDs on γ-irradiation mediated deoxygenation and morphological damage of RBCs. γ-Radiation induced several morphological phenotypes, including stomatocytes, codocytes and echinocytes. While stomatocytes and codocytes are reversibly damaged RBCs, echinocytes are irreversibly damaged. AFM images show significantly fewer echinocytes among cND-treated γ-irradiated RBCs. The Raman spectra of γ-irradiated RBCs had more oxygenated hemoglobin patterns when cND-treated, resembling those of normal, non-irradiated RBCs, compared to the non-cND-treated RBCs. cND inhibited hemoglobin deoxygenation and morphological damage, possibly by neutralizing the free radicals generated during γ-irradiation. Thus cNDs have the therapeutic potential to preserve the quality of stored blood following γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Santacruz-Gomez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, C.P. 83000, , Hermosillo, Sonora, México. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA.
| | - E Silva-Campa
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - R Melendrez-Amavizca
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - F Teran Arce
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - P B Landon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - M Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - R Lal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sears CR, Cooney SA, Chin-Sinex H, Mendonca MS, Turchi JJ. DNA damage response (DDR) pathway engagement in cisplatin radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 40:35-46. [PMID: 26991853 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are commonly treated with a platinum-based chemotherapy such as cisplatin (CDDP) in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). Although clinical trials have demonstrated that the combination of CDDP and IR appear to be synergistic in terms of therapeutic efficacy, the mechanism of synergism remains largely uncharacterized. We investigated the role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in CDDP radiosensitization using two NSCLC cell lines. Using clonogenic survival assays, we determined that the cooperative cytotoxicity of CDDP and IR treatment is sequence dependent, requiring administration of CDDP prior to IR (CDDP-IR). We identified and interrogated the unique time and agent-dependent activation of the DDR in NSCLC cells treated with cisplatin-IR combination therapy. Compared to treatment with CDDP or IR alone, CDDP-IR combination treatment led to persistence of γH2Ax foci, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), for up to 24h after treatment. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of DDR sensor kinases revealed the persistence of γ-H2Ax foci in CDDP-IR treated cells is independent of kinase activation. Taken together, our data suggest that delayed repair of DSBs in NSCLC cells treated with CDDP-IR contributes to CDDP radiosensitization and that alterations of the DDR pathways by inhibition of specific DDR kinases can augment CDDP-IR cytotoxicity by a complementary mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Sears
- Departments of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Sean A Cooney
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Helen Chin-Sinex
- Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - John J Turchi
- Departments of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
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Barnard D, Diaz HB, Burke T, Donoho G, Beckmann R, Jones B, Barda D, King C, Marshall M. LY2603618, a selective CHK1 inhibitor, enhances the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in xenograft tumor models. Invest New Drugs 2015; 34:49-60. [PMID: 26612134 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 in the absence of p53 functionality leads to abrogation of the S and G2/M DNA damage checkpoints. We report the preclinical therapeutic activity of LY2603618 (CHK1 inhibitor) at inhibiting CHK1 activation by gemcitabine and enhancing in vivo efficacy. The in vivo biochemical effects of CHK1 inhibition in the absence or presence of DNA damage were measured in human tumor xenograft models. Colon, lung and pancreatic xenografts models were treated with gemcitabine, LY2603618, or gemcitabine plus LY2603618. Gemcitabine treatment alone induced a significant increase in CHK1 autophosphorylation over untreated tumors. Co-administration of LY2603618 with gemcitabine showed a clear inhibition of CHK1 autophosphorylation for at least 24 h. Combining LY2603618 with gemcitabine resulted in an increase in H2AX serine 139 phosphorylation, indicating a corresponding increase in damaged DNA in the tumors. LY2603618 abrogated the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint in Calu-6 xenograft tumors treated with gemcitabine but did not significantly alter the G2/M checkpoint. Combining gemcitabine with LY2603618 resulted in a significant increase in tumor growth inhibition in Calu-6, HT-29 and PAXF 1869 xenografts over gemcitabine treatment alone. The best combination efficacy occurred when LY2603618 was given 24 h following dosing with gemcitabine. LY2603618 worked effectively to remove the S-phase DNA damage checkpoint and increase the DNA damage and the antitumor activity of gemcitabine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Barnard
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - H Bruce Diaz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Teresa Burke
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Gregory Donoho
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Richard Beckmann
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Bonita Jones
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - David Barda
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Constance King
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Mark Marshall
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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Jeon HY, Kim JK, Ham SW, Oh SY, Kim J, Park JB, Lee JY, Kim SC, Kim H. Irradiation induces glioblastoma cell senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5857-67. [PMID: 26586398 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and fatal primary brain tumors in humans. The standard therapy for the treatment of GBM is surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. However, the frequency of tumor recurrence in GBM patients is very high, and the survival rate remains poor. Delineating the mechanisms of GBM recurrence is essential for therapeutic advances. Here, we demonstrate that irradiation rendered 17-20 % of GBM cells dead, but resulted in 60-80 % of GBM cells growth-arrested with increases in senescence markers, such as senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive cells, H3K9me3-positive cells, and p53-p21(CIP1)-positive cells. Moreover, irradiation induced expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mRNAs and NFκB transcriptional activity in GBM cells. Strikingly, compared to injection of non-irradiated GBM cells into immune-deficient mice, the co-injection of irradiated and non-irradiated GBM cells resulted in faster growth of tumors with the histological features of human GBM. Taken together, our findings suggest that the increases in senescent cells and SASP in GBM cells after irradiation is likely one of main reasons for tumor recurrence in post-radiotherapy GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Ham
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Oh
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ishiguro H, Kimura M, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Mizoguchi K, Takeyama H. GADD45A expression is correlated with patient prognosis in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:277-282. [PMID: 26870203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains poor, and the tumor-node-metastasis classification system is not sufficient for predicting patient prognoses. Therefore, the identification of novel predictive markers for esophageal cancer is required. The present study investigated the clinicopathological significance of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45A) and p53 in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The study consisted of 62 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2007. The expression of the GADD45A gene product (GADD45A) and the p53 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The correlations among GADD45A expression, clinicopathological factors and prognosis were then analyzed in the patients with ESCC. GADD45A and p53 were expressed in 56.5% (35/62) and 48.4% (30/62) of patients, respectively. The expression of GADD45A did not show a marked correlation with that of p53. However, GADD45A expression correlated with pathological stage (stage 0-I vs. stages II-IV; P=0.014) and did not correlate with the tumor (T) or node (N) status. Furthermore, patients who were positive for GADD45A exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than those who were negative for GADD45A (log-rank test, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis indicated that T status, N status and GADD45A expression were significant variables predicting survival (hazard ratio, 2.486; 95% confidence interval, 1.168-5.290; P=0.018). Overall, GADD45A expression significantly affected the survival of patients with ESCC, and the reduced expression of GADD45A was correlated with a poor prognosis following curative surgery in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Mizoguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Radiosensitizing potential of Plumbagin in B16F1 melanoma tumor cells through mitochondrial mediated programmed cell death. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Alan Mitteer R, Wang Y, Shah J, Gordon S, Fager M, Butter PP, Jun Kim H, Guardiola-Salmeron C, Carabe-Fernandez A, Fan Y. Proton beam radiation induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in glioma stem cells through reactive oxygen species. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13961. [PMID: 26354413 PMCID: PMC4564801 DOI: 10.1038/srep13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most lethal of human malignancies. Most GBM tumors are refractory to cytotoxic therapies. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) significantly contribute to GBM progression and post-treatment tumor relapse, therefore serving as a key therapeutic target; however, GSCs are resistant to conventional radiation therapy. Proton therapy is one of the newer cancer treatment modalities and its effects on GSCs function remain unclear. Here, by utilizing patient-derived GSCs, we show that proton radiation generates greater cytotoxicity in GSCs than x-ray photon radiation. Compared with photon radiation, proton beam irradiation induces more single and double strand DNA breaks, less H2AX phosphorylation, increased Chk2 phosphorylation, and reduced cell cycle recovery from G2 arrest, leading to caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, proton radiation generates a large quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is required for DNA damage, cell cycle redistribution, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. Together, these findings indicate that proton radiation has a higher efficacy in treating GSCs than photon radiation. Our data reveal a ROS-dependent mechanism by which proton radiation induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in GSCs. Thus, proton therapy may be more efficient than conventional x-ray photon therapy for eliminating GSCs in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Mitteer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Jennifer Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104.,Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA 18015
| | - Sherika Gordon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104.,Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Marcus Fager
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104.,Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Param-Puneet Butter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104.,Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Consuelo Guardiola-Salmeron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
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Tsuchida E, Kaida A, Pratama E, Ikeda MA, Suzuki K, Harada K, Miura M. Effect of X-Irradiation at Different Stages in the Cell Cycle on Individual Cell-Based Kinetics in an Asynchronous Cell Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128090. [PMID: 26086724 PMCID: PMC4472673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an asynchronously growing cell population, we investigated how X-irradiation at different stages of the cell cycle influences individual cell–based kinetics. To visualize the cell-cycle phase, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). After 5 Gy irradiation, HeLa cells no longer entered M phase in an order determined by their previous stage of the cell cycle, primarily because green phase (S and G2) was less prolonged in cells irradiated during the red phase (G1) than in those irradiated during the green phase. Furthermore, prolongation of the green phase in cells irradiated during the red phase gradually increased as the irradiation timing approached late G1 phase. The results revealed that endoreduplication rarely occurs in this cell line under the conditions we studied. We next established a method for classifying the green phase into early S, mid S, late S, and G2 phases at the time of irradiation, and then attempted to estimate the duration of G2 arrest based on certain assumptions. The value was the largest when cells were irradiated in mid or late S phase and the smallest when they were irradiated in G1 phase. In this study, by closely following individual cells irradiated at different cell-cycle phases, we revealed for the first time the unique cell-cycle kinetics in HeLa cells that follow irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tsuchida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Endrawan Pratama
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ikeda
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852–8523, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Du HQ, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang CH, Zhou T, Liu HY, Xiao H. Silencing of the TPM1 gene induces radioresistance of glioma U251 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2807-14. [PMID: 25873252 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) and radioresistance in human U251 cells. Radioresistant U251 (RR-U251) cells were established by repeated small irradiating injury. TPM1 levels in the U251 and RR-U251 cells were inhibited by transfection with TPM1-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) while overexpression was induced by treatment with pcDNA3.1‑TPM1. The radiosensitivity of the U251 and RR-U251 cells and the plasmid-transfected cells was evaluated by cell viability, migration and invasion assays. Cell apoptosis was also examined in vitro. The radiosensitivity of U251 xenografts was observed by tumor growth curve after radiotherapy in an in vivo experiment. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the level of TPM1 in vivo. The expression of TPM1 was significantly decreased in the RR-U251 cells, which may be correlated with the radioresistance of the glioma U251 cells. In the TPM1-silenced RR-U251 and TPM1-silenced U251 cells, cell viability, migration and invasion ability were significantly increased, and the rate of cell apoptosis was decreased. Consistent with these results, in the TPM1-overexpressing U251 and RR-U251 cells, cell viability, migration and invasion abilities were markedly decreased, and increased apoptosis was noted when compared to the control group. Tumor growth of the U251 xenografts was significantly inhibited following treatment with pcDNA3.1‑TPM1 combined with radiotherapy. Taken together, these results indicate that TPM1 may be one mechanism underlying radiation resistance, and TPM1 may be a potential target for overcoming the radiation resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qing Du
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Han Wang
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Powathil GG, Swat M, Chaplain MA. Systems oncology: Towards patient-specific treatment regimes informed by multiscale mathematical modelling. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 30:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mei Z, Su T, Ye J, Yang C, Zhang S, Xie C. The miR-15 family enhances the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by targeting G2 checkpoints. Radiat Res 2015; 183:196-207. [PMID: 25594541 DOI: 10.1667/rr13784.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing radiosensitivity is an important area of investigation for improving breast cancer therapy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the miR-15 family in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by the miR-15 cluster are known to induce G1 arrest and apoptosis by targeting G1 checkpoints and the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene. However, the effect of the miR-15 family on G2/M arrest and radiosensitivity remains poorly understood. In the current study, cells transfected with miR-15a/15b/16 mimic or inhibitor were irradiated and examined by: clonogenic assays, phosphorylated H2AX assay, flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), real-time PCR and Western blot. Real-time PCR was also used to monitor time-dependent changes of miR-15a/15b/16 expression after irradiation. A putative target site for miR-15a/15b/16 within the Chk1 and Wee1 3' UTRs was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. Additionally, siRNA was used to validate the effect of Chk1 and Wee1 on radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells. In our study, we investigated the effects of radiation on the miR-15 family and found a time-dependent change in the expression of miR-15a/15b/16 in breast cancer cells postirradiation, as well as an increase in miR-15 family-mediated sensitization of breast cancer cells to radiation. The increase in radiosensitivity induced by the miR-15 family was associated with persistent unrepaired DNA damage, abrogation of radiation-induced G2 arrest and suppressed cell proliferation, and appear to involve both the checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and Wee1. In addition, we found that inhibition of the miR-15 family could not induce cell resistance to radiation. These findings suggest that the expression of the miR-15 family contributes to increased radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by influencing G2/M checkpoint proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Bai J, Liu M, Hui Z, Xu N. Inhibition of STAT1 sensitizes renal cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 13:401-7. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Integrated analysis of differential miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human radioresistant and radiosensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87767. [PMID: 24498188 PMCID: PMC3909230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to identify miRNAs and genes involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radioresistance, and explore the underlying mechanisms in the development of radioresistance. Methods We used microarrays to compare the differences of both miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the radioresistant NPC CNE2-IR and radiosensitive NPC CNE2 cells, applied qRT-PCR to confirm the reliability of microarray data, adopted databases prediction and anticorrelated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression to identify the miRNA target genes, and employed bioinformatics tools to examine the functions and pathways in which miRNA target genes are involved, and construct a miRNA-target gene regulatory network. We further investigated the roles of miRNA-23a and its target gene IL-8 in the NPC radioresistance. Results The main findings were fourfold: (1) fifteen differential miRNAs and 372 differential mRNAs were identified, and the reliability of microarray data was validated for randomly selected eight miRNAs and nine genes; (2) 174 miRNA target were identified, and most of their functions and regulating pathways were related to tumor therapeutic resistance; (3) a posttranscriptional regulatory network including 375 miRNA-target gene pairs was constructed, in which the ten genes were coregulated by the six miRNAs; (4) IL-8 was a direct target of miRNA-23a, the expression levels of IL-8 were elevated in the radioresistant NPC tissues and showed inverse correlation with miRNA-23a expression, and genetic upregulation of miRNA-23a and antibody neutralization of secretory IL-8 could reduce NPC cells radioresistance. Conclusions We identified fifteen differential miRNAs and 372 differential mRNAs in the radioresistant NPC cells, constructed a posttranscriptional regulatory network including 375 miRNA-target gene pairs, discovered the ten target genes coregulated by the six miRNAs, and validated that downregulated miRNA-23a was involved in NPC radioresistance through directly targeting IL-8. Our data form a basis for further investigating the mechanisms of NPC radioresistance.
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Abstract
B Cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein suppresses ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in hemato-lymphoid system. To enhance the survival of irradiated cells, we have compared the effects and mechanism of Bcl-2 and its functional variants, D34A (caspase-3 resistant) and S70E (mimics phosphorylation on S70). Bcl-2 and its mutants were transfected into hematopoietic cell line and assessed for cell survival, clonogenicity and cell cycle perturbations upon exposure to ionizing radiation. The electrostatic potential of BH3 cleft of Bcl-2/mutants and their heterodimerization with Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were computationally evaluated. Correspondingly, these results were verified by co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The mutants afford higher radioprotective effect than Bcl-2 in apoptotic and clonogenic assays at D(0) (radiation dose at which 37 % cell survival was observed). The computational and functional analysis indicates that mutants have higher propensity to neutralize Bax protein by heterodimerization and have increased caspase-9 suppression capability, which is responsible for enhanced survival. This study implies potential of Bcl-2 mutants or their chemical/peptide mimics to elicit radioprotective effect in cells exposed to radiation.
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Reber J, Haller S, Leamon CP, Müller C. 177Lu-EC0800 combined with the antifolate pemetrexed: preclinical pilot study of folate receptor targeted radionuclide tumor therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2436-45. [PMID: 24030631 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0422-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy has shown impressive results for the palliative treatment of several types of cancer diseases. The folate receptor has been identified as specifically associated with a variety of frequent tumor types. Therefore, it is an attractive target for the development of new radionuclide therapies using folate-based radioconjugates. Previously, we found that pemetrexed (PMX) has a favorable effect in reducing undesired renal uptake of radiofolates. Moreover, PMX also acts as a chemotherapeutic and radiosensitizing agent on tumors. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the combined application of PMX and the therapeutic radiofolate (177)Lu-EC0800. Determination of the combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic inhibitory effect of (177)Lu-EC0800 and PMX on the viability of folate receptor-positive cervical (KB) and ovarian (IGROV-1) cancer cells in vitro (CI < 0.8). In an in vivo study, tumor-bearing mice were treated with (177)Lu-EC0800 (20 MBq) and a subtherapeutic (0.4 mg) or therapeutic amount (1.6 mg) of PMX. Application of (177)Lu-EC0800 with PMXther resulted in a two- to four-fold enhanced tumor growth delay and a prolonged survival of KB and IGROV-1 tumor-bearing mice, as compared to the combination with PMXsubther or untreated control mice. PMXsubther protected the kidneys from undesired side effects of (177)Lu-EC0800 (20 MBq) by reducing the absorbed radiation dose. Intact kidney function was shown by determination of plasma parameters and quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography using (99m)Tc-DMSA. Our results confirmed the anticipated dual role of PMX. Its unique features resulted in an improved antitumor effect of folate-based radionuclide therapy and prevented undesired radio-nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Reber
- Corresponding Author: Cristina Müller, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Powathil GG, Adamson DJA, Chaplain MAJ. Towards predicting the response of a solid tumour to chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments: clinical insights from a computational model. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003120. [PMID: 23874170 PMCID: PMC3708873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we use a hybrid multiscale mathematical model that incorporates both individual cell behaviour through the cell-cycle and the effects of the changing microenvironment through oxygen dynamics to study the multiple effects of radiation therapy. The oxygenation status of the cells is considered as one of the important prognostic markers for determining radiation therapy, as hypoxic cells are less radiosensitive. Another factor that critically affects radiation sensitivity is cell-cycle regulation. The effects of radiation therapy are included in the model using a modified linear quadratic model for the radiation damage, incorporating the effects of hypoxia and cell-cycle in determining the cell-cycle phase-specific radiosensitivity. Furthermore, after irradiation, an individual cell's cell-cycle dynamics are intrinsically modified through the activation of pathways responsible for repair mechanisms, often resulting in a delay/arrest in the cell-cycle. The model is then used to study various combinations of multiple doses of cell-cycle dependent chemotherapies and radiation therapy, as radiation may work better by the partial synchronisation of cells in the most radiosensitive phase of the cell-cycle. Moreover, using this multi-scale model, we investigate the optimum sequencing and scheduling of these multi-modality treatments, and the impact of internal and external heterogeneity on the spatio-temporal patterning of the distribution of tumour cells and their response to different treatment schedules. Anti-cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have evolved through clinical trial-and-error over decades, and although they cure some cases and are partially effective in many, the majority of such cancers ultimately recur. Doctors turn to new, expensive drugs as they emerge, but perhaps fail to study and learn how to use the therapies they already have most effectively. This is partly because clinical trials are expensive to conduct, both in terms of time and money. The cancer cell is complicated, but many mechanisms that control its response to treatment are now understood. We show here how a mathematical model accurately reproduces the results of previous biological experiments of cancer treatment, opening up the possibility of using it to predict which combinations of drugs and radiotherapy would be best for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibin G Powathil
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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