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Walsh N, Martinez F, Marx G, Schweikhard L, Ziegler F. First observation of a tetra-anionic metal cluster, Al(n)(4-). J Chem Phys 2010; 132:014308. [PMID: 20078162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3270153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of aluminum cluster tetra-anions, and thus the first observation of a tetra-anionic metal cluster in the gas-phase, is reported. The aluminum cluster polyanions were generated by use of the "electron-bath technique." The smallest tetra-anion observed was Al(215) (4-), containing 14% fewer atoms than expected from classical estimates of the tetra-anion appearance size.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Walsh
- Institute for Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
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2
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Schweikhard L, Herlert A, Krückeberg S, Vogel M, Walther C. Electronic effects in the production of smali dianionic gold clusters by electron attachment on to stored Au-n, n = 12-28. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642819908216975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Schweikhard
- a Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - A. Herlert
- b Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - S. Krückeberg
- a Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
- b Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - M. Vogel
- a Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - C. Walther
- b Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
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3
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Aizikov K, Mathur R, O'Connor PB. The spontaneous loss of coherence catastrophe in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:247-56. [PMID: 19013078 PMCID: PMC2872030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous loss of coherence catastrophe (SLCC) is a frequently observed, yet poorly studied, space-charge related effect in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This manuscript presents an application of the filter diagonalization method (FDM) in the analysis of this phenomenon. The temporal frequency behavior reproduced by frequency shift analysis using the FDM shows the complex nature of the SLCC, which can be explained by a combination of factors occurring concurrently, governed by electrostatics and ion packet trajectories inside the ICR cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Aizikov
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Martinez F, Herlert A, Marx G, Schweikhard L, Walsh N. Unintended parametric ejection of ions from an ion cyclotron resonance trap by two- electrode axialization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:283-291. [PMID: 19423913 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Azimuthal quadrupolar excitation is a commonly used technique in the field of ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, in particular in combination with buffer-gas collisions to achieve axialization of the stored ions. If the quadrupolar excitation is applied with only one phase to a set of two opposing ring segments (rather than the "regular" method where two sets of electrodes are addressed with opposite polarities), parametric resonance effects at the frequencies 2nu(z) and nu(p) = nu(+) - nu(-) can lead to unintended ejection of ions from the trap. These parametric resonances have been revisited both theoretically and experimentally: multipole components of different azimuthal excitation schemes are derived by a simple vector representation of the excitation signal applied to the ring segments. Thus, parametric contributions can be easily identified, as demonstrated for the two-electrode and the four-electrode quadrupolar excitation schemes as well as further examples. In addition, the effect of the single-phase two-electrode quadrupolar excitation is demonstrated for storage and axialization of cluster ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Schweikhard L, Blaum K, Herlert A, Marx G. Atomic clusters and ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry: a fruitful combination. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2005; 11:457-68. [PMID: 16322651 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clusters consisting of a few atoms build the bridge between individual atoms and the condensed phase of matter and they are, thus, of high general interest. Over the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in the study of their properties, and ion storage techniques, in particular the use of ion cyclotron resonance (Penning) traps, are important tools for advanced investigations. Vice versa, cluster ions can serve as probes for the evaluation of ion-trap properties. Furthermore, they are ideally suited for the calibration of mass spectrometers and for consistency checks in high-accuracy mass determinations. Examples from the research areas mentioned, i.e. the investigation of cluster properties and the application of cluster ions for Penning-trap studies and mass calibration, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schweikhard
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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6
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Fossan KO, Uggerud E. Reactions of cationic iron clusters with ammonia, models of nitrogen hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2004:892-7. [PMID: 15252474 DOI: 10.1039/b316600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase reactivities of small cationic iron clusters, Fen+ (n = 1-20), towards ammonia were investigated using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Sequential addition of ammonia molecules to the clusters was observed to be the dominating process for n > 4. In the case of n = 4 we observed addition of ammonia accompanied by dehydrogenation. This reaction was modelled using hybrid density functional theory. Clusters with n < 4 do not react with ammonia. Clusters Fen+ (n = 1-20) react with neither N2 nor H2 at around 10(-8) mbar. When dinitrogen was seeded into the expanding helium, mixed clusters of the type FenNm+ were observed. These ions react with H2, either by addition, or by substitution of N2. The clusters with m = 1 were isolated in separate experiments and reacted with H2, which showed that mixed clusters with n = 5-13 add up to 5 molecules of dihydrogen in successive slow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell O Fossan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Mize TH, Simonsick WJ, Amster IJ. Characterization of polyesters by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2003; 9:473-486. [PMID: 14624017 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two homopolyesters, poly(neopentyl glycol-alt-isophthalic acid) and poly(hexanediol-alt-azelaic acid), and two copolyesters, poly(dipropoxylated bisphenol-A-alt-(isophthalic acid-co-adipic acid)) and poly(neopentyl glycol-alt-(adipic acid-co-isophthalic acid)) were analyzed by internal source matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS). The high resolution and high mass accuracy provided by FTMS greatly facilitate the characterization of the polyester and copolyester samples. Isobaric resolution allows the ion abundances of overlapping isotopic envelopes to be assessed. Repeat units were confirmed and end functionality assigned. Single shot mass spectra of the entire polymeric distribution demonstrate that the dynamic range of this internal MALDI source instrument and the analyzer cell exceeds performance of those previously reported for higher field instruments. Corrections of space charge mass shift effects are demonstrated for the analytes using an external calibrant and (subsequent to confirmation of structure) via internal calibration which removes ambiguity due to space charge differences in calibrant and analyte spectra. Capillary gel permeation chromatography was used to prepare low polydispersity samples from a high polydispersity polyester, improving the measurement of molecular weight distribution two-fold while retaining the benefits of high resolution mass spectrometry for elucidation of oligomer identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd H Mize
- FOM Institute of Atomic & Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vogel M, Hansen K, Herlert A, Schweikhard L, Walther C. The influence of internal degrees of freedom on the unimolecular decay of the molecule–cluster compound Au8+CH3OH. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1476934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Krückeberg S, Schweikhard L, Ziegler J, Dietrich G, Lützenkirchen K, Walther C. Decay pathways and dissociation energies of copper clusters, Cun+ (2⩽n⩽25), Cun2+ (15⩽n⩽25). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1340577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Bondybey VE, Beyer MK. Temperature Effects in Transition Metal Ion and Cluster Ion Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002746p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Bondybey
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
A new method is described which allows a broad mass range of ions from multiple MALDI events to be accumulated in an FIICR analyzer cell prior to detection. Signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio are observed to grow in direct proportion to the number of laser shots, providing a substantial improvement to the analysis of low-level samples compared to more commonly used signal-averaging methods. In addition, calibrant ions desorbed from a separate sample spot can be added to the analyzer cell after an analyte population has been accumulated, providing an internal mass standard without the necessity of mixing calibrant and analyte. This method provides excellent mass accuracy by eliminating mass errors due to space charge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Mize
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, USA
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12
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Decay pathway determination of even-size dicationic silver clusters: Ag162+ and Ag182+ revisited by pre-precursor selection and sequential decay. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Bruce JE, Anderson GA, Lin CY, Gorshkov M, Rockwood AL, Smith RD. A novel high-performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance cell for improved biopolymer characterization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:85-94. [PMID: 10633238 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(200001)35:1<85::aid-jms910>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new trapped ion cell design for use with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is described. The design employs 15 cylindrical ring electrodes to generate trapping potential wells and 32 separately assignable rod electrodes for excitation and detection. The rod electrodes are positioned internal to the ring electrodes and provide excitation fields that are thereby linearized along the magnetic field over the entire trapped ion volume. The new design also affords flexibility in the shaping of the trapping field using the 15 ring electrodes. Many different trapping well shapes can be generated by applying different voltages to the individual ring electrodes, ranging from quadratic to linearly ramped along the magnetic field axis, to a shape that is nearly flat over the entire trap volume, but rises very steeply near the ends of the trap. This feature should be useful for trapping larger ion populations and extension of the useful range of ion manipulation and dissociation experiments since the number of stages of ion manipulation or dissociation is limited in practice by the initial trapped ion population size. Predicted trapping well shapes for two different ring electrode configurations are presented, and these and several other possible configurations are discussed, as are the predicted excitation fields based on the use of rod electrodes internal to the trapping ring electrodes. Initial results are presented from an implementation of the design using a 3.5 T superconducting magnet. It was found that ions can be successfully trapped and detected with this cell design and that selected ion accumulation can be performed with the utilization of four rods for quadrupolar excitation. The initial results presented here illustrate the feasibility of this cell design and demonstrate differences in observed performance based upon different trapping well shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Bruce
- Macromolecular Structures and Dynamics Group, Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Krückeberg S, Dietrich G, Lützenkirchen K, Schweikhard L, Walther C, Ziegler J. Multiple-collision induced dissociation of trapped silver clusters Agn+ (2⩽n⩽25). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wood TD, Guan Z, Borders CL, Chen LH, Kenyon GL, McLafferty FW. Creatine kinase: essential arginine residues at the nucleotide binding site identified by chemical modification and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3362-5. [PMID: 9520370 PMCID: PMC19840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous results suggest that modification of the dimeric enzyme at a single arginine residue per subunit causes complete inactivation accompanied by the loss of nucleotide binding; the actual site of modification was not identified. Here, high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to identify three phenylglyoxal-modified Arg residues in monomeric rabbit muscle CK. Electrospray ionizaton Fourier-transform MS of the phenylglyoxal-modified CK that had lost approximately 80% activity identified three species: unmodified, once-modified (+116 Da), and twice-modified (+232 Da) enzyme in a ratio of approximately 1:4:1. MS/MS restricts the derivatized sites to P122-P212 and P283-V332, whereas MS of Lys-C digestions revealed two modified peptides, A266-K297 and G116-K137. The only Arg in A266-K297 is Arg-291 (invariant), whereas MS/MS of modified G116-K137 shows that two of the three sites Arg-129, Arg-131, or Arg-134 (all invariant) can contain the modification. The recently reported x-ray crystal structure for the octameric chicken mitochondrial CK indicates that its nucleotide triphosphate-binding site indeed contains the equivalent of R291, R129, and R131 reported here to be at the active site of rabbit muscle CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
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Schweikhard L, Beiersdorfer P, Bell W, Dietrich G, Krückeberg S, Lützenkirchen K, Obst B, Ziegler J. Production and investigation of multiply charged metal clusters in a Penning trap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02274913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Dienes T, Pastor SJ, Schürch S, Scott JR, Yao J, Cui S, Wilkins CL. Fourier transform mass spectrometry-advancing years (1992-mid. 1996). MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 1996; 15:163-211. [PMID: 27082513 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(1996)15:3<163::aid-mas2>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/1996] [Revised: 10/18/1996] [Accepted: 10/22/1996] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article is one of a series of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) reviews that has appeared in this journal at ca. 3-4 year intervals. A comprehensive review of the recent theoretical developments, instrumental developments, electrospray ionization (ESI), and MALDI is given. Ion dissociation techniques are also discussed because of their contributions to gaining insight into chemical structure. Special sections have been devoted to discussing the emerging fields of surface analysis, polymer analysis, Buckminsterfullerenes (buckyballs), and hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies. This review, although not all-inclusive, is intended to be a starting point for those wishing to learn more about the current status of FTMS, and also as a representative cross-section of the literature for those familiar with the technique. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dienes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S J Pastor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Schürch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J R Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C L Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
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Electrospray ionization with high performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for the study of noncovalent biomolecular complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1080-8914(96)80005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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König M, Bollen G, Kluge HJ, Otto T, Szerypo J. Quadrupole excitation of stored ion motion at the true cyclotron frequency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(95)04146-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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The trapping condition and a new instability of the ion motion in the ion cyclotron resonance trap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(94)04092-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Guan S, Paša-Tolić L, Marshall AG, Xiang X. Off-axis injection into an ICR ion trap: a means for efficient capture of a continuous beam of externally generated ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(94)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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A two-electrode ion trap for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(94)85008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Marto JA, Guan S, Marshall AG. Wide-mass-range axialization for high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of externally generated ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1994; 8:615-620. [PMID: 7949329 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1290080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ions generated in both continuous and pulsed-mode external ion sources are injected into an open-ended cylindrical Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance ion trap by means of an electrostatic ion guide consisting of concentric cylinder and wire electrodes to which a potential difference is applied. Broadband axialization during ion injection improves ion trapping efficiency by reducing the ion off-axis displacement. Significant improvements in both signal-to-noise ratio and mass resolving power, along with high mass selectivity are demonstrated for ions generated by external Cs+ secondary ion mass spectrometry or by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Marto
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus
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