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Hassan RH, Gad HA, El-Din SB, Shaker DS, Ishak RA. Chitosan nanoparticles for intranasal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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Kim B, Cho HE, Moon SH, Ahn HJ, Bae S, Cho HD, An S. Transdermal delivery systems in cosmetics. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-020-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransdermal delivery systems have been intensively studied over the past 2 decades, with the focus on overcoming the skin barrier for more effective application of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Although the cosmeceutical industry has made a substantial progress in the development and incorporation of new and effective actives in their products, the barrier function of the skin remains a limiting factor in the penetration and absorption of these actives. Enhancement via modification of the stratum corneum by hydration, acting of chemical enhancers on the structure of stratum corneum lipids, and partitioning and solubility effects are described. This review summarizes the advances in the development and mechanisms of action of chemical components that act as permeation enhancers, as well as the advances in appropriate vehicles, such as gels, emulsions, and vesicular delivery systems, that can be used for effective transdermal delivery.
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Tarnowska M, Briançon S, Resende de Azevedo J, Chevalier Y, Arquier D, Barratier C, Bolzinger MA. The effect of vehicle on skin absorption of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ from thermal spring water. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:248-258. [PMID: 32027379 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thermal spring waters (TSW) are commonly used as active ingredients in cosmetics. Their biological activities directly depend on the ionic composition of the spring. However, in order to exhibit beneficial properties, the minerals need to reach viable skin layers. The present study addresses the incorporation of marketed TSW in model cosmetic formulations and the impact of the formulation on skin absorption of magnesium and calcium ions that are known to improve skin barrier function. METHODS Marketed TSW was introduced into five formulations. Liposomes were prepared using saturated or unsaturated phospholipids mixed with cholesterol by the thin layer evaporation technique. Emulsions water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water (O/W) or double: water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) were prepared by high-shear mixing. Skin absorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ from those formulations was studied in vitro using static Franz diffusion cells under infinite dose condition and under occlusion of the apparatus. RESULTS Mg2+ and Ca2+ penetrate skin samples from TSW. Encapsulating TSW into double emulsion (TSW/O/W) increased skin absorption of both cations of interest and kept the Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio equal to that of TSW in each skin layer. The dermal absorption of Mg2+ from the double emulsion departs from both single emulsions. Application of liposome suspension improved the skin absorption of Ca2+ while keeping constant that of Mg2+ , leading to unbalanced Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio inside skin. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of TSW are not only due to their action on the skin surface. Their active components, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations, reach viable skin layers in a formulation-dependent manner. The distribution of ions inside skin depends on the type of formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarnowska
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - S Briançon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - J Resende de Azevedo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Y Chevalier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - D Arquier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - C Barratier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - M-A Bolzinger
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP, UMR 5007), Bat CPE 308G, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
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Rai VK, Mishra N, Yadav KS, Yadav NP. Nanoemulsion as pharmaceutical carrier for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Formulation development, stability issues, basic considerations and applications. J Control Release 2017; 270:203-225. [PMID: 29199062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoemulsion in augmenting dermal and transdermal effectiveness of drugs has now well established. The development of nanoemulsion based semisolid dosage forms is an active area of present research. However, thickening or liquid-to-semisolid conversion of the nanoemulsions provides opportunities to the formulation scientist to explore novel means of solving instability issues during transformation. Extending knowledge about the explicit role of nature/magnitude of zeta potential, types of emulsifiers and selection of appropriate semisolid bases could place these versatile carriers from laboratory to industrial scale. This article reviews the progressive advancement in the delivery of medicament via nanoemulsion with special reference to the dermal and transdermal administration. It is attempted to explore the most suitable semi solid dosage form for the particular type of nanoemulsion (o/w, w/o and others) and effect of particle size and zeta potential on the delivery of drugs through dermal or transdermal route. Finally, this review also highlights the basic principles and fundamental considerations of nanoemulsion manufacture, application of nanoemulsion based semisolid dosage forms in the dermal/transdermal administration and basic considerations during the nanoemulsion absorption into and through skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Rai
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
| | - Kuldeep Singh Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
| | - Narayan Prasad Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India.
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Li J, Zhu Y, Teng C, Xiong K, Yang R, Li X. The effects of biomacromolecules on the physical stability of W/O/W emulsions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:469-480. [PMID: 28242946 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), sodium caseinate (SC), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), fish gelatin (FG), high methoxyl apple pectin (HMAP), low methoxyl apple pectin (LMAP), gum Arabic (GA), ι-carrageenan (CGN), and hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCTS) on physical stability of internal or external aqueous phase of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions was evaluated. WPI and CGN in the internal aqueous phase, and GA, HPCTS, and CMC in the external phase reduced the size of emulsion droplets. BSA, WPI, SC, FG, CGN, and HPCTS improved the dilution stability of W/O/W emulsions, but HMAP had a negative effect. BSA, WPI, SC, FG, LMAP, GA, CGN, HPCTS, or CMC significantly improved the thermal stability of W/O/W emulsions. Results also indicated that the addition of CGN (1.0%), HMAP (1.0%), WPH (1.0%), or HPCTS (1.0%) in internal aqueous phase significantly increased the viscosity of emulsions, however, addition to the external aqueous phase had insignificant effects. A protein-knockout experiment confirmed that proteins as biomacromolecules, were the key factor in improving physical stability of emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China.,Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing, 100048 People's Republic of China
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6
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Li J, Shi Y, Zhu Y, Teng C, Li X. Effects of Several Natural Macromolecules on the Stability and Controlled Release Properties of Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3873-3880. [PMID: 27137850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions are effective vehicles for embedding application of active compounds but limited by their thermodynamic instability and rapid release properties. The present study added bovine serum albumin, whey protein isolate, whey protein hydrolysate, sodium caseinate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, fish gelatin, apple pectin, gum arabic, ι-carrageenan, and hydroxypropyl chitosan separately to the internal or external aqueous phase to investigate their effects on the physical stabilities and controlled release properties of W/O/W emulsions. The effects of the natural macromolecules in the internal and external aqueous phases were different and depended upon the macromolecule structure and its mass fraction. The addition of the natural macromolecule strengthened the interfaces of emulsions, which improved the physical stability. The natural macromolecules that improved the stability often did not improve controlled release. Therefore, the balance between these properties needs to be considered when adding natural macromolecules to a W/O/W emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University , Yangling, Shanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry , Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Beer S, Dobler D, Gross A, Ost M, Elseberg C, Maeder U, Schmidts TM, Keusgen M, Fiebich M, Runkel F. In line monitoring of the preparation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type multiple emulsions via dielectric spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:643-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li J, Qiao Z, Tatsumi E, Saito M, Cheng Y, Yin L. A Novel Approach to Improving the Quality of Bittern-Solidified Tofu by W/O Controlled-Release Coagulant. 1: Preparation of W/O Bittern Coagulant and Its Controlled-Release Property. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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ElMeshad AN, Tadros MI. Transdermal delivery of an anti-cancer drug via w/o emulsions based on alkyl polyglycosides and lecithin: design, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of the possible irritation potential in rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:1-9. [PMID: 21152999 PMCID: PMC3066351 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop w/o emulsions that could be safely used to promote transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Two pseudo-ternary phase diagrams comprising oleoyl-macrogol glycerides, water, and a surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) mixture of lecithin, ethanol, and either coco glucoside or decyl glucoside were investigated for their potential to develop promising 5-FU emulsions. Six systems were selected and subjected to thermodynamic stability tests; heat-cool cycles, centrifugation, and finally freeze-thaw cycles. All systems passed the challenges and were characterized for transmission electron microscopy, droplet size, rheological behavior, pH, and transdermal permeation through newly born mice skin in Franz diffusion cells. The systems had spherical droplets ranging in diameter from 1.81 to 2.97 μm, pH values ranging from 7.50 to 8.49 and possessed Newtonian flow. A significant (P<0.05) increase in 5-FU permeability parameters as steady-state flux, permeability coefficient was achieved with formula B5 comprising water (5% w/w), S/CoS mixture of lecithin/ethanol/decyl glucoside (14.67:12.15:18.18% w/w, respectively) and oleoyl-macrogol glycerides (50% w/w). When applied to shaved rat skin, this system was well tolerated with only moderate skin irritation that was recovered within 12 h. Indeed, minor histopathologic changes were observed after 5-day treatment. Further studies should be carried out, in the future, to investigate the potentiality of this promising system to promote transdermal delivery of 5-FU through human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Nabil ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Ibrahim Tadros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, Egypt
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Songkro S, Pichayakorn W, Sungkarak S, Wungsintaweekul J. Investigation of plaunoi-loaded micro/nanoemulsions for the treatment of dermatitis: formulation, évaluation and skin irritation studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Schmidts T, Dobler D, Schlupp P, Nissing C, Garn H, Runkel F. Development of multiple W/O/W emulsions as dermal carrier system for oligonucleotides: effect of additives on emulsion stability. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:107-13. [PMID: 20674722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions are of major interest as potential skin delivery systems for water-soluble drugs like oligonucleotides due to their distinct encapsulation properties. However, multiple emulsions are highly sensitive in terms of variations of the individual components. The presence of osmotic active ingredients in the inner water phase is crucial for the generation of stable multiple emulsions. In order to stabilize the emulsions the influence of NaCl, MgSO(4), glucose and glycine and two cellulose derivatives was investigated. Briefly, multiple W/O/W emulsions using Span 80 as a lipophilic emulsifier and different hydrophilic emulsifiers (PEG-40/50 stearate, steareth-20 and polysorbate 80) were prepared. Stability of the emulsions was analyzed over a period of time using rheological measurements, droplet size observations and conductivity analysis. In this study we show that additives strongly influence the properties stability of multiple emulsions. By increasing the concentration of the osmotic active ingredients, smaller multiple droplets are formed and the viscosity is significantly increased. The thickening agents resulted in a slightly improved stability. The most promising emulsions were chosen and further evaluated for their suitability and compatibility to incorporate a DNAzyme oligonucleotide as active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmidts
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Otto A, du Plessis J, Wiechers JW. Formulation effects of topical emulsions on transdermal and dermal delivery. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31:1-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Valour JP, Mouaziz H, Pelletier J, Chevalier Y. Pickering w/o emulsions: drug release and topical delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 368:7-15. [PMID: 18992799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin absorption from Pickering emulsions as a new dosage form was investigated for the first time. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by adsorbed solid particles instead of emulsifier molecules. They are promising dosage forms that significantly differ from classical emulsions within several features. The skin permeation of a hydrophilic model penetrant (caffeine) was investigated from a w/o Pickering emulsion and compared to a w/o classical emulsion stabilized with an emulsifier. Both emulsions had the same composition and physicochemical properties in order to focus on the effect of the interfacial layer on the drug release and skin absorption processes. The highest permeation rates were obtained from the Pickering emulsion with a pseudo-steady state flux of 25 microg cm(-2)h(-1), threefold higher than from a classical emulsion (9.7 microg cm(-2)h(-1)). After 24h exposure, caffeine was mostly in the receptor fluid and in the dermis; cumulated amounts of caffeine were higher for the Pickering emulsion. Several physicochemical phenomena were investigated for clearing up the mechanisms of enhanced permeation from the Pickering emulsion. Among them, higher adhesion of Pickering emulsion droplets to skin surface was disclosed. The transport of caffeine adsorbed on silica particles was also considered relevant since skin stripping showed that aggregates of silica particles entered deeply the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Frelichowska
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon F-69003, France
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Karasulu E, Yavasoğlu A, Evrensanal Z, Uyanikgil Y, Karasulu HY. Permeation studies and histological examination of sheep nasal mucosa following administration of different nasal formulations with or without absorption enhancers. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:219-25. [PMID: 18446567 DOI: 10.1080/10717540802006377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible histological effects of different intranasal (IN) formulations of indomethacin (IND) on nasal mucosa in sheep. For this purpose, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (E) and solution (S) formulations including 3 mg/mL of IND were prepared. Penetration enhancers such as polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), citric acid (CA) and sodium taurocholate (NaT) were added to emulsion (1%) at the final step into the formulations. First, the effect of penetration enhancers on permeation of IND was evaluated by in vitro permeation studies in which sheep nasal mucosa was used. According to the permeation studies PVP showed the highest enhancing effect on the permeation rate of IND from sheep nasal mucosa. Furthermore, the IND permeation from E containing PVP (1.624 +/- 0.045 mg) was significantly higher than that obtained from E (0.234 +/- 0.012 mg) (p < 0.05). For the histological studies, white Karaman sheep of approximately 20 +/- 5 kg, aged 4 to 8 months were used. They were randomly divided into eight groups, each including three sheep. Five experimental groups received different formulations of IND emulsion without/ with penetration enhancers (E-PVP, E-CA, E-NaT, E) and IND solution (S), respectively. Parallel controls were composed of either untreated groups and were given blank emulsion or isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.31 mg/kg). 2 mL of each experimental formulation was applied to both nostrils of sheep, and 1/3 central and lower regions of the nose were dissected and prepared for light microscopy. Specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori's trichrome were examined by light microscopy. No signs of inflammation or erosion were noticed in the nasal mucosa of the control groups. Widened epithelial intercellular spaces were noticed in E-CA, E-NaT, and E-PVP groups as well with the E-PVP group showing the largest intraepithelial separations. E-CA and E-NaT groups showed significant decrease in the amount of goblet cells, while hypoplasia was considerably moderate in the E-PVP group. Finally, intranasal administration of IND emulsion with PVP may be considered as an alternative to intravenous and per oral administrations of IND to overcome their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercüment Karasulu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey.
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Karasulu HY, Şanal ZE, Sözer S, Güneri T, Ertan G. Permeation studies of indomethacin from different emulsions for nasal delivery and their possible anti-inflammatory effects. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:342-8. [PMID: 18431669 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop an emulsion formulation of indomethacin (IND) suitable for nasal delivery. IND was incorporated into the oil phases of oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) emulsions. For this purpose, different emulsifying agents (Tween 80, Span 80 and Brij 58) were used in two emulsion formulations. When the effects of several synthetic membranes (nylon, cellulose, cellulose nitrate) were compared with the sheep nasal mucosa, the cellulose membrane and sheep nasal mucosa showed similar permeation properties for O/W emulsion (P > 0.05). To examine the absorption characteristics of IND, the anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous solution of IND, intranasal O/W emulsions of IND (with or without enhancers) and intranasal solution of IND (IND-Sol) were investigated in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema. When citric acid was added to the nasal emulsion, the anti-inflammatory activity was similar to that of intravenous solution (P > 0.05). Finally, it was concluded that, intranasal administration of IND emulsion with citric acid may be considered as an alternative to intravenous and per oral administrations of IND to overcome their adverse effects.
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Kantarcı G, Özgüney I, Karasulu HY, Arzık S, Güneri T. Comparison of different water/oil microemulsions containing diclofenac sodium: preparation, characterization, release rate, and skin irritation studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E91. [PMID: 18181551 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to make a comparison of the in vitro release rate of diclofenac sodium (DS) from microemulsion (M) vehicles containing soybean oil, nonionic surfactants (Brij 58 and Span 80), and different alcohols (ethanol [E], isopropyl alcohol [I], and propanol [P]) as cosurfactant. The optimum surfactant:cosurfactant (S:CoS) weight ratios and microemulsion areas were detected by the aid of phase diagrams. Three microemulsion formulations were selected, and their physicochemical properties were examined for the pH, viscosity, and conductivity. According to the release rate of DS, M prepared with P showed the significantly highest flux value (0.059 +/- 0.018 mg/cm(2)/h) among all formulations (P < .05). The conductivity results showed that DS-loaded microemulsions have higher conductivity values (18.8-20.2 microsiemens/cm) than unloaded formulations (16.9-17.9 microsiemens/cm), and loading DS into the formulation had no negative effect on system stability. Moreover, viscosity measurements were examined as a function of shear rate, and Newtonian fluid characterization was observed for each microemulsion system. All formulations had appropriate observed pH values varying from 6.70 to 6.85 for topical application. A skin irritation study was performed with microemulsions on human volunteers, and no visible reaction was observed with any of the formulations. In conclusion, M prepared with P may be a more appropriate formulation than the other 2 formulations studied as drug carrier for topical application.
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Sarigüllü Ozgüney I, Yeşim Karasulu H, Kantarci G, Sözer S, Güneri T, Ertan G. Transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium through rat skin from various formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7:88. [PMID: 17233540 DOI: 10.1208/pt070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro and in vivo transdermal potential of w/o microemulsion (M) and gel (G) bases for diclofenac sodium (DS). The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a penetration enhancer was also examined when it was added to the M formulation. To study the in vitro potential of these formulations, permeation studies were performed with Franz diffusion cells using excised dorsal rat skin. To investigate their in vivo performance, a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model was used. The commercial formulation of DS (C) was used as a reference formulation. The results of the in vitro permeation studies and the paw edema tests were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. The in vitro permeation studies found that M was superior to G and C and that adding DMSO to M increased the permeation rate. The permeability coefficients (Kp) of DS from M and M+DMSO were higher (Kp = 4.9 x 10(-3) +/- 3.6 x 10(-4) cm/h and 5.3 x 10(-3) +/- 1.2 x 10(-3) cm/h, respectively) than the Kp of DS from C (Kp = 2.7 x 10(-3) +/- 7.3 x 10(-4) cm/h) and G (Kp = 4.5 x 10(-3) +/- 4.5 x 10(-5) cm/h). In the paw edema test, M showed the best permeation and effectiveness, and M+DMSO had nearly the same effect as M. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that M could be a new, alternative dosage form for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işik Sarigüllü Ozgüney
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Evaluation of in vitro release and skin irritation of benzoyl peroxide-containing products. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oh I, Kang YG, Lee YB, Shin SC, Kim CK. Prolonged release of tegafur from S/O/W multiple emulsion. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998; 24:889-94. [PMID: 9876543 DOI: 10.3109/03639049809097268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To develop a prolonged and sustained release preparation, we prepared an albumin microsphere-in-oil-in-water emulsion (S/O/W) and examined sustained release from it in comparison with other control preparations such as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions and microspheres in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Tegafur was used as a model drug. A microsphere-in-oil emulsion was prepared by adding albumin microspheres to soybean oil containing 20% Span 80. To prepare an S/O/W emulsion, the microsphere-in-oil emulsion was added into an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose containing Pluronic F68. The mean particle size of the albumin microspheres was 3 microns, and the ratio of entrapment of tegafur into albumin microspheres was about 25%. In an in vitro release test, the t75 of the S/O/W emulsion was fourfold greater and in an in vivo release test the mean residence time of tegafur from the S/O/W emulsion was more than twofold that from a W/O emulsion or microsphere system. The mean residence time of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from an S/O/W emulsion was also greater than with other dosage forms. These results suggest the possible usefulness of an S/O/W emulsion for the sustained and prolonged release of tegafur.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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Youenang Piemi MP, de Luca M, Grossiord JL, Seiller M, Marty JP. Transdermal delivery of glucose through hairless rat skin in vitro: effect of multiple and simple emulsions. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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