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Warrier DU, Dhanabalan AK, Krishnasamy G, Kolge H, Ghormade V, Gupta CR, Ambre PK, Shinde UA. Novel derivatives of arabinogalactan, pullulan & lactobionic acid for targeting asialoglycoprotein receptor: Biomolecular interaction, synthesis & evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:683-699. [PMID: 35248606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted-drug administration to liver reduces side effects by minimising drug distribution to non-target organs and increases therapeutic efficacy by boosting drug concentration in target cells. In this study, arabinogalactan-(AG), pullulan-(PL) and lactobionic acid-(LA) were selected as natural ligands to target asialoglycoprotein receptor-(ASGPR-1) present on hepatocytes. In silico docking studies were performed and binding affinities of novel ligands viz. palmitoylated AG-(PAG), lauroylated AG-(LAG), palmitoylated PL-(PPL), lauroylated PL-(LPL) and lactobionic acid-adipic acid dihydrazide conjugate-(LAD) were compared with AG, PL and LA. These novel ligands were successfully synthesized and characterized. The ligands were incorporated into drug loaded nanostructured lipid carriers-(NLCs) for surface functionalization. HepG2 cellular internalization of hepatocyte-targeted NLCs was studied using fluorescence microscopy and LAD-decorated-drug loaded NLCs giving maximum cellular uptake were studied using confocal microscopy. Toxicity potential of LAD-decorated NLCs was assessed in vivo. Molecular docking results suggested that among the ligands, order of binding affinity was found to be LAD>PAG > PPL > LPL > LAG. Acute toxicity studies revealed hemocompatibility and absence of organ toxicity for ligand LAD. Additionally, the results establish proof-of-concept of enhanced targeting efficacy of novel ASGPR targeting ligands. These ligands can be used for surface modification of nanocarriers for future targeted delivery in treating various liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa U Warrier
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anantha K Dhanabalan
- Centre of Advance study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Gunasekaran Krishnasamy
- Centre of Advance study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Henry Kolge
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Vandana Ghormade
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India
| | - Chandan R Gupta
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India
| | - Premlata K Ambre
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ujwala A Shinde
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai 400098, Maharashtra, India.
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Alanazi SA, Alanazi F, Haq N, Shakeel F, Badran MM, Harisa GI. Lipoproteins-Nanocarriers as a Promising Approach for Targeting Liver Cancer: Present Status and Application Prospects. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:826-844. [PMID: 32026776 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200206104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver cancer is increasing over the years and it is the fifth leading cause of mortality worldwide. The intrusive features and burden of low survival rate make it a global health issue in both developing and developed countries. The recommended chemotherapy drugs for patients in the intermediate and advanced stages of various liver cancers yield a low response rate due to the nonspecific nature of drug delivery, thus warranting the search for new therapeutic strategies and potential drug delivery carriers. There are several new drug delivery methods available to ferry the targeted molecules to the specific biological environment. In recent years, the nano assembly of lipoprotein moieties (lipidic nanoparticles) has emerged as a promising and efficiently tailored drug delivery system in liver cancer treatment. This increased precision of nano lipoproteins conjugates in chemotherapeutic targeting offers new avenues for the treatment of liver cancer with high specificity and efficiency. This present review is focused on concisely outlining the knowledge of liver cancer diagnosis, existing treatment strategies, lipoproteins, their preparation, mechanism and their potential application in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hashida M. Role of pharmacokinetic consideration for the development of drug delivery systems: A historical overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:71-82. [PMID: 32565225 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery system is defined as a system or technology to achieve optimum therapeutic effects of drugs through precise control of their movements in the body. In order to optimize function of drug delivery systems aiming at targeting, their whole-body distribution profiles should be systematically evaluated and analyzed, where pharmacokinetic analysis based on the clearance concepts plays important role. Organ perfusion experiments combined with statistical moment analysis further supply detailed information on drug disposition at organ and cellular levels. Based on general relationship between physicochemical properties and distribution profile, macromolecular prodrugs or polymer conjugates of proteins are rationally designed and further introduction of ligand structure brings cell-specific delivery for them. These approaches are also applicable for particulate carriers such as liposomes and offer various opportunities for biological drugs such as nucleic acid drugs for their delivery. Mechanistic approach for dermal absorption analysis based on physiological skin model offers another opportunity in rational design of drug delivery. Potential of drug delivery technology in future medicines such as cell therapy and nanomaterial platform application is further discussed in relation to pharmacokinetic consideration.
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Paramjot, Khan NM, Kapahi H, Kumar S, Bhardwaj TR, Arora S, Mishra N. Role of polymer–drug conjugates in organ-specific delivery systems. J Drug Target 2015; 23:387-416. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1016436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bansal D, Yadav K, Pandey V, Ganeshpurkar A, Agnihotri A, Dubey N. Lactobionic acid coupled liposomes: an innovative strategy for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:140-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.907373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bansal
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India and
| | - Kamini Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India and
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India and
| | - Aditya Ganeshpurkar
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Agnihotri
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nazneen Dubey
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Shri Ram Institute of Technology – Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Efficient hepatic delivery of drugs: novel strategies and their significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:382184. [PMID: 24286077 PMCID: PMC3826320 DOI: 10.1155/2013/382184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is a vital organ responsible for plethora of functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for the sustenance of life. Therefore, patients with chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma need immediate attention to sustain life and as a result are often exposed to the prolonged treatment with drugs/herbal medications. Lack of site-specific delivery of these medications to the hepatocytes/nonparenchymal cells and adverse effects associated with their off-target interactions limit their continuous use. This calls for the development and fabrication of targeted delivery systems which can deliver the drug payload at the desired site of action for defined period of time. The primary aim of drug targeting is to manipulate the whole body distribution of drugs, that is, to prevent distribution to non-target cells and concomitantly increase the drug concentration at the targeted site. Carrier molecules are designed for their selective cellular uptake, taking advantage of specific receptors or binding sites present on the surface membrane of the target cell. In this review, various aspects of liver targeting of drug molecules and herbal medications have been discussed which elucidate the importance of delivering the drugs/herbal medications at their desired site of action.
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Cao Z, Yu Q, Xue H, Cheng G, Jiang S. Nanoparticles for drug delivery prepared from amphiphilic PLGA zwitterionic block copolymers with sharp contrast in polarity between two blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3771-6. [PMID: 20397173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Cao Z, Yu Q, Xue H, Cheng G, Jiang S. Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Prepared from Amphiphilic PLGA Zwitterionic Block Copolymers with Sharp Contrast in Polarity between Two Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Managit C, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Effect of Galactose Density on Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Galactosylated Liposomes. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2266-75. [PMID: 16136555 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Galactosylated (Gal) liposomes containing various molar ratios of cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors were prepared to study the effect of the galactose content of Gal-liposomes labeled with [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether on their targeted delivery to hepatocytes. The uptake characteristics of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 1.0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% were evaluated. The uptake and internalization by HepG2 cells was enhanced by the addition of Gal-C4-Chol to the Gal-liposomes. In the presence of excess galactose, the uptake of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% was inhibited suggesting asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. After intravenous injection, Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%, rapidly disappeared from the blood and exhibited rapid liver accumulation with up to about 80% of the dose within 10 min whereas Gal-liposomes having low Gal-C4-Chol (1.0% and 2.5%) showed a slight improvement in liver accumulation compared with bare-liposomes. Gal-liposomes with high Gal-C4-Chol are preferentially taken up by hepatocytes and the highest uptake ratio by parenchymal cells (PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) (PC/NPC ratio) was observed with Gal-liposomes having of 5.0% Gal-C4-Chol. We report here that the galactose density of Gal-liposomes prepared by Gal-C4-Chol is important for both effective recognition by asialoglycoprotein receptors and cell internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittima Managit
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Managit C, Kawakami S, Nishikawa M, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Targeted and sustained drug delivery using PEGylated galactosylated liposomes. Int J Pharm 2003; 266:77-84. [PMID: 14559396 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To achieve a sustained and targeted delivery of liposomes to liver parenchymal cells (PC), we modified distearoyl-L-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol (Chol) (60:40) (DSPC/Chol) liposomes with a galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-C4-Chol), and polysorbate (Tween) 20 or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-polyethylene glycol (PEG(x)-DSPE). After intravenous injection, DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol (60:35:5) (Gal) liposomes were rapidly eliminated from the blood circulation and mostly recovered in the liver. The blood elimination of DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol/Tween 20 (55:35:5:5) (Tween 20-Gal) liposomes was slightly reduced as compared to Gal-liposomes. In contrast, a significant reduction in the blood elimination was observed with DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol/PEG(2000)-DSPE (59:35:5:1) (PEG(2000)-Gal) liposomes. Hepatic uptake of DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol/PEG(350)-DSPE (59:35:5:1) (PEG(350)-Gal) liposomes was intermediate between PEG(2000)-Gal-liposomes and Tween 20-Gal-liposomes. The uptake of PEG(350)-Gal-liposomes by liver PC was 7.7-fold higher than that by non-parenchymal cells (NPC). These results suggest that PEG(350)-DSPE can control the delivery rate of Gal-liposomes to liver PC without losing its targeting capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittima Managit
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kim IS, Kim SH. Development of polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: evaluation of nanoparticles based on biotinylated poly(ethylene glycol) with sugar moiety. Int J Pharm 2003; 257:195-203. [PMID: 12711174 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver specific polymeric nanoparticles were designed and synthesized from biotinylated poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated with lactobionic acid containing a galactose moiety (abbreviated as BEL). Synthesized BEL conjugate was identified by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that BEL conjugate was self-assembled in water to form core-shell structure nanoparticles, and the critical association concentration (CAC) value was estimated as 0.028 g/l. From the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, the BEL nanoparticles were spherically shaped and ranged in size between 30 and 60 nm. The particle size distribution was measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and the result was 41.2+/-11.7 nm. Anti-cancer drug all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was loaded into the BEL nanoparticles for evaluating its efficacy as a drug delivery carrier. The crystallinities of ATRA and ATRA-loaded nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The ATRA release kinetics from the BEL nanoparticles showed a pseudo zero-order pattern during 1-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
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Wang JP, Bai XF, Zhang SQ, Li JG, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xue KC, Gu Y, Wang PZ, Luo KX. Anti-HBV effect of targeted lamivudy palmitate solid lipid nano-particles. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:191-194. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-HBV effect of targeted lamivudy palmitate solid lipid Nano-particles (LAP-SLN).
METHODS: The nano-particles modified by galactosides (LAP-GSLN) were prepared and delivered into 2.2.15 cells. HBsAg, HBeAg and HBVDNA of 2.2.15 cells were detected by ELISA and hepatitis B virus fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytotoxicity of targeted LAP-GSLN on 2.2.15 cells were observed. Fifteen male mice (2 months old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: LAP-SLN group, LAP-GSLN group and LA group. Levels of lamivudine in serum, liver, kidney, lung and spleen tissue were detected by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
RESULTS: LAP-GSLN could be targeted to the liver. Liver LAP-GSLN content in LAP-GSLN group was 3.3 times of that in the LA group. HBV DNA was inhibited on the 4th day. HBV DNA in LAP-GSLN group and LA group with concentration of lamivudine at 10 mg/L was less than 1.11×107 /L and 5.06×109/L, respectively. Inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg showed on the 6th day, the inhibition rate of LAP-GSLN on HBsAg and HBeAg with concentration of lamivudine at 0.01 mg/L was 52.9%, 53.9%, respectively; while the inhibition rate of LA on HBsAg and HBeAg was 32.2%, 31.1%, respectively. When the concentration of lamivudine was 10 mg/L, the inhibition rate of LAP-GSLN on HBsAg and HBeAg was 67.2%, 69.0%, respectively; while the inhibition rate of LA on HBsAg and HBeAg was 45.1%, 41.0%, respectively. No cytotoxic effect on 2.2.15 cells was found.
CONCLUSION: LAP-GSLN can target liver effectively in vivo and inhibit HBV expression and DNA replication.
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Nishikawa M, Hasegawa S, Yamashita F, Takakura Y, Hashida M. Electrical charge on protein regulates its absorption from the rat small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 282:G711-9. [PMID: 11897631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00358.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the electrical charge on the intestinal absorption of a protein was studied in normal adult rats. Chicken egg lysozyme (Lyz), a basic protein with a molecular weight of 14,300, was selected and several techniques for chemical modification were applied. Then the intestinal absorption of Lyz derivatives was evaluated by measuring the radioactivity in plasma and tissues, after the administration of an (111)In-labeled derivative to an in situ closed loop of the jejunum. After the administration of (111)In-Lyz, the level of radioactivity in plasma was comparable with the lytic activity of Lyz, supporting the fact that the radioactivity represents intact Lyz. (111)In-cationized Lyz showed a 2-3 times higher level of radioactivity in plasma, whereas the radioactivity of (111)In-anionized Lyz was much lower. The absorption rate of (111)In-Lyz derivatives calculated by a deconvolution method was correlated for the strength of their positive net charge. A similar relationship was observed using superoxide dismutase. These findings indicate that the intestinal absorption of a protein is, at least partially, determined by its electrical charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Suzuki M, Shinkai M, Honda H, Kamihira M, Iijima S, Kobayashi T. Construction of tumor-specific cells expressing a membrane-anchored single-chain Fv of anti-ErbB-2 antibody. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1525:191-6. [PMID: 11342269 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells expressing a membrane-anchored single-chain fragment variable (scFv) domain against a tumor-specific antibody were fabricated. These cells were able to bind to cells of a human colon cancer line (BM314) expressing the erbB-2 proto-oncogene. A plasmid, pMFverbB, was first constructed in which the anti-ErbB-2 scFv gene was cloned in-frame between a signal peptide sequence and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) transmembrane domain gene to express scFv on the cell surface. An African green monkey cell line, COS-1, was stably transfected with pMFverbB. Immunofluorescence assay experiments and microscopic observation showed that the cells expressing scFv bound to the human tumor cells overexpressing the ErbB-2 protein as well as to cells of a mouse fibroblast line (NIH-3T3) transfected with the erbB-2 gene. The cells expressing scFv could take up magnetite cationic liposomes as a model of particle-type drug and retained the ability to target ErbB-2-expressing cells. The fabricated cells have the potential to serve as drug carriers in drug targeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
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Hattori Y, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Controlled biodistribution of galactosylated liposomes and incorporated probucol in hepatocyte-selective drug targeting. J Control Release 2000; 69:369-77. [PMID: 11102677 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two types of galactosylated liposomes containing cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-beta-D-thiogalactosyle thyl)amino)b utyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a homing device were prepared to study the biodistribution of liposomal carriers and the incorporated drug. Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol (Chol)/Gal-C4-Chol (60:35:5) (Gal DSPC), DSPC/Chol (60:40) (DSPC), egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (eggPC)/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol (60:35:5) (Gal eggPC), and eggPC/Chol (60:40) (eggPC) liposomes labeled with [(3)H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether (CHE) were tested and [(14)C]probucol, with a partition coefficient between octanol and water (PC(oct)) of 10(10.8), was selected as a model drug with lipophilicity suitable for liposomal incorporation. After intravenous injection of the combination of [(14)C]probucol and [(3)H]liposomes, the liver uptake of [(3)H]CHE was the highest in Gal DSPC liposomes, followed by Gal egg PC liposomes, egg PC liposomes, and DSPC liposomes in that order. [(14)C]Probucol incorporated in Gal DSPC liposomes exhibited lower liver uptake than [(3)H]CHE, suggesting that substantial release from liposomes had taken place. In contrast, [(14)C]probucol incorporated in Gal eggPC liposomes was more stably incorporated under in vivo conditions. Co-administration with galactosylated bovine serum albumin significantly inhibited the liver uptake of [(14)C]probucol in both types of galactosylated liposomes, suggesting that the hepatic uptake of liposomes should be mediated by asialoglycoprotein receptors being [(14)C]probucol incorporated in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hattori
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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Lerchen HG, Baumgarten J, Piel N, Kolb-Bachofen V. Lectin-vermitteltes Drug-Targeting: Diskriminierung zwischen der Kohlenhydrat-vermittelten Aufnahme von Neoglycokonjugaten, die in 3-Position modifizierte Fucose-Epitope tragen, in Tumor- oder Leberzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19991216)111:24<3884::aid-ange3884>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Swart PJ, Beljaars L, Kuipers ME, Smit C, Nieuwenhuis P, Meijer DK. Homing of negatively charged albumins to the lymphatic system: general implications for drug targeting to peripheral tissues and viral reservoirs. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58:1425-35. [PMID: 10513986 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows the lymphatic distribution of the negatively charged anti-HIV-1 agents succinylated or aconytilated human serum albumins (HSAs) in rats. Quantitation of blood and lymphatic concentrations of these proteins was performed through fluorescence detection of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled proteins. At several time points after i.v. injection, samples were taken from the cannulated thoracic duct and the carotid artery. Distribution of the negatively charged albumins (NCAs) to lymph was much more rapid than that of albumin itself and was dependent on the total net negative charge added to the protein: the half-life times of lymphatic equilibration were 15, 30, and 120 min for FITC-labeled aconytilated HSA, FITC-labeled succinylated HSA, and FITC-labeled HSA, respectively. Lymph to blood concentration ratios of the studied compounds obtained at steady state approached unity. In addition, the fluorescence in both body fluids was shown to represent unchanged labeled proteins. It was therefore inferred that the NCAs efficiently passed the endothelial barrier from blood to the interstitial compartment. Subsequently, we studied whether a specialized process was involved in the endothelial passage of the NCAs to the lymph. The following observations supported such a mechanism: a) preinjection of the scavenger receptor blockers polyinosinic- and formaldehyde-treated HSA reduced the transport from blood to the lymphatic compartment of FITC-labeled aconytilated HSA by more than 90%; b) the rate of lymphatic distribution was largely reduced when the body temperature of the rat was lowered to 28 degrees; and c) pre-administration of chloroquine resulted in a significant reduction in the lymphatic distribution of the NCAs. These data collectively indicate that a scavenger receptor-mediated process is involved in the transendothelial transport of NCAs. In situ localization in lymph nodes of the rat showed that FITC-labeled aconytilated and succinylated HSA are mainly present in the germinal center and parafollicular zones. The efficient distribution of these anionized proteins to the lymphatic system is of particular interest for HIV therapy, taking into account that replication of HIV mainly takes place in the lymphoid system. The observation that macromolecules, through charge modification, can extravasate through a receptor-mediated transcytotic process is potentially of major importance for the delivery of drugs with macromolecular carriers to cells not directly in contact with the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Swart
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Expoloration, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, University Centre for Pharmacy, The Netherlands.
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Staud F, Nishikawa M, Morimoto K, Takakura Y, Hashida M. Disposition of radioactivity after injection of liver-targeted proteins labeled with 111In or 125I. Effect of labeling on distribution and excretion of radioactivity in rats. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:577-85. [PMID: 10350492 DOI: 10.1021/js9804415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of radiolabeling liver-specific proteins on the in vivo disposition of radioactivity was investigated. The suitability of 111In and 125I as radiolabels for protein disposition studies in vivo was examined. Galactosylated and cationized bovine serum albumin were labeled with either 125I by the chloramine-T method or 111In, using 1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (SCN-BZ-EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) and administered intravenously to rats. 125I radioactivity disappeared rapidly from the liver with subsequent excretion in the urine and bile, mainly in the TCA soluble fraction. 111In-associated radioactivity, on the other hand, remained in the hepatic tissue in considerably higher amounts during the experiment and was excreted in the bile and urine to a lower extent when compared with 125I. When the effect of BCA on excretion of 111In radioactivity was compared, no significant differences were observed in the urinary clearances. However, biliary excretion was significantly higher for 111In-SCN-BZ-EDTA-bound radioactivity. In conclusion, when compared with 125I, 111In labeling seems to more accurately characterize the in vivo distribution of liver-targeted proteins after their iv administration in rats and allows a more accurate pharmacokinetic evaluation to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Staud
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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Colombo P, Bettini R, Peracchia MT, Santi P. Controlled release dosage forms: from ground to space. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996; 21:87-91. [PMID: 8839681 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release of drugs is one of the most significant advances in pharmacy. Due to the proposition of new routes for drug administration, today it is considered as a part of 'drug delivery'. Developments in biotechnology producing natural molecules, peptides and proteins have allowed high activity substances that require careful formulation for administration. Drug delivery is the discipline striving to sole the problem of optimisation of drug efficacy. In this contribution the last 25 years of drug delivery research have been examined pointing out the most significant break-through steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Colombo
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Italy
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