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Walsh MA, Latham AS, Zhang Q, Jacobs RA, Musci RV, LaRocca TJ, Moreno JA, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. Non-transgenic guinea pig strains exhibit divergent age-related changes in hippocampal mitochondrial respiration. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14185. [PMID: 38860650 PMCID: PMC11250940 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. However, while 150+ animal models of AD exist, drug translation from preclinical models to humans for treatment usually fails. One factor contributing to low translation is likely the absence of neurodegenerative models that also encompass the multi-morbidities of human aging. We previously demonstrated that, in comparison to the PigmEnTed (PET) guinea pig strain which models "typical" brain aging, the Hartley strain develops hallmarks of AD like aging humans. Hartleys also exhibit age-related impairments in cartilage and skeletal muscle. Impaired mitochondrial respiration is one driver of both cellular aging and AD. In humans with cognitive decline, diminished skeletal muscle and brain respiratory control occurs in parallel. We previously reported age-related declines in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in Hartleys. It is unknown if there is concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. METHODS Therefore, we assessed hippocampal mitochondrial respiration in 5- and 12-month Hartley and PET guinea pigs using high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS At 12 months, PETs had higher complex I supported mitochondrial respiration paralleling their increase in body mass compared to 5 months PETs. Hartleys were also heavier at 12 months compared to 5 months but did not have higher complex I respiration. Compared to 5 months Hartleys, 12 months Hartleys had lower complex I mitochondrial efficiency and compensatory increases in mitochondrial proteins collectively suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction with age. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Hartleys might be a relevant model to test promising therapies targeting mitochondria to slow brain aging and AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amanda S Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert A Jacobs
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS), Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Gómez-Castro CZ, Quintanar L, Vela A. An N-terminal acidic β-sheet domain is responsible for the metal-accumulation properties of amyloid-β protofibrils: a molecular dynamics study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:407-425. [PMID: 38811408 PMCID: PMC11186886 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The influence of metal ions on the structure of amyloid- β (Aβ) protofibril models was studied through molecular dynamics to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced Aβ aggregation relevant in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The models included 36-, 48-, and 188-mers of the Aβ42 sequence and two disease-modifying variants. Primary structural effects were observed at the N-terminal domain, as it became susceptible to the presence of cations. Specially when β-sheets predominate, this motif orients N-terminal acidic residues toward one single face of the β-sheet, resulting in the formation of an acidic region that attracts cations from the media and promotes the folding of the N-terminal region, with implications in amyloid aggregation. The molecular phenotype of the protofibril models based on Aβ variants shows that the AD-causative D7N mutation promotes the formation of N-terminal β-sheets and accumulates more Zn2+, in contrast to the non-amyloidogenic rodent sequence that hinders the β-sheets and is more selective for Na+ over Zn2+ cations. It is proposed that forming an acidic β-sheet domain and accumulating cations is a plausible molecular mechanism connecting the elevated affinity and concentration of metals in Aβ fibrils to their high content of β-sheet structure at the N-terminal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Z Gómez-Castro
- Conahcyt-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5 Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de La Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Department of Chemistry, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico.
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3
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Li H, Xiang BL, Li X, Li C, Li Y, Miao Y, Ma GL, Ma YH, Chen JQ, Zhang QY, Lv LB, Zheng P, Bi R, Yao YG. Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathologies in the Aged Chinese Tree Shrew. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1892-1906. [PMID: 37814108 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. It has an increasing prevalence and a growing health burden. One of the limitations in studying AD is the lack of animal models that show features of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. The tree shrew has a much closer genetic affinity to primates than to rodents and has great potential to be used for research into aging and AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tree shrews naturally develop cognitive impairment and major AD-like pathologies with increasing age. Pole-board and novel object recognition tests were used to assess the cognitive performance of adult (about 1 year old) and aged (6 years old or older) tree shrews. The main AD-like pathologies were assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Nissl staining. Our results showed that the aged tree shrews developed an impaired cognitive performance compared to the adult tree shrews. Moreover, the aged tree shrews exhibited several age-related phenotypes that are associated with AD, including increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and phosphorylated tau protein, synaptic and neuronal loss, and reactive gliosis in the cortex and the hippocampal tissues. Our study provides further evidence that the tree shrew is a promising model for the study of aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo-Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Lan Ma
- Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Large Apparatus and Equipments, Public Technology Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ma
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Kozin SA, Kechko OI, Adzhubei AA, Makarov AA, Mitkevich VA. Switching On/Off Amyloid Plaque Formation in Transgenic Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:72. [PMID: 38203242 PMCID: PMC10778642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the proteinaceous aggregates formed by the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) that is deposited inside the brain as amyloid plaques. The accumulation of aggregated Aβ may initiate or enhance pathologic processes in AD. According to the amyloid hypothesis, any agent that has the capability to inhibit Aβ aggregation and/or destroy amyloid plaques represents a potential disease-modifying drug. In 2023, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (lecanemab) against the Aβ-soluble protofibrils was approved by the US FDA for AD therapy, thus providing compelling support to the amyloid hypothesis. To acquire a deeper insight on the in vivo Aβ aggregation, various animal models, including aged herbivores and carnivores, non-human primates, transgenic rodents, fish and worms were widely exploited. This review is based on the recent data obtained using transgenic animal AD models and presents experimental verification of the critical role in Aβ aggregation seeding of the interactions between zinc ions, Aβ with the isomerized Asp7 (isoD7-Aβ) and the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir A. Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.M.)
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5
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Hines AD, McGrath S, Latham AS, Kusick B, Mulligan L, Richards ML, Moreno JA. Activated gliosis, accumulation of amyloid β, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in aging canines with and without cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1128521. [PMID: 37304080 PMCID: PMC10249473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1128521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) syndrome is a well-recognized naturally occurring disease in aged dogs, with a remarkably similar disease course, both in its clinical presentation and neuropathological changes, as humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Similar to human AD patients this naturally occurring disease is found in the aging canine population however, there is little understanding of how the canine brain ages pathologically. It is well known that in neurodegenerative diseases, there is an increase in inflamed glial cells as well as an accumulation of hyperphosphorylation of tau (P-tau) and amyloid beta (Aβ1-42). These pathologies increase neurotoxic signaling and eventual neuronal loss. We assessed these brain pathologies in aged canines and found an increase in the number of glial cells, both astrocytes and microglia, and the activation of astrocytes indicative of neuroinflammation. A rise in the aggregated protein Aβ1-42 and hyperphosphorylated tau, at Threonine 181 and 217, in the cortical brain regions of aging canines. We then asked if any of these aged canines had CCD utilizing the only current diagnostic, owner questionnaires, verifying positive or severe CCD had pathologies of gliosis and accumulation of Aβ1-42 like their aged, matched controls. However uniquely the CCD dogs had P-tau at T217. Therefore, this phosphorylation site of tau at threonine 217 may be a predictor for CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D. Hines
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Amanda S. Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Breonna Kusick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lisa Mulligan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - McKenzie L. Richards
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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6
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D, Reed TT. Cellular Stress Response (Hormesis) in Response to Bioactive Nutraceuticals with Relevance to Alzheimer Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:643-669. [PMID: 36656673 PMCID: PMC10025851 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with aging. As the large Baby Boomer population ages, risk of developing AD increases significantly, and this portion of the population will increase significantly over the next several decades. Recent Advances: Research suggests that a delay in the age of onset by 5 years can dramatically decrease both the incidence and cost of AD. In this review, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in AD is examined in the context of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) and the beneficial potential of selected bioactive nutraceuticals. Critical Issues: Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to enhancer sequences in antioxidant response elements (ARE) of DNA, is significantly decreased in AD brain. Downstream targets of Nrf2 include, among other proteins, HO-1. BVR-A is activated when biliverdin is produced. Both HO-1 and BVR-A also are oxidatively or nitrosatively modified in AD brain and in its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), contributing to the oxidative stress, altered insulin signaling, and cellular damage observed in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Bioactive nutraceuticals exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties and are potential topics of future clinical research. Specifically, ferulic acid ethyl ester, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and resveratrol target Nrf2 and have shown potential to delay the progression of AD in animal models and in some studies involving MCI patients. Future Directions: Understanding the regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets can potentially elucidate therapeutic options for delaying the progression of AD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 643-669.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Physics, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, USA
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7
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Akhtar A, Gupta SM, Dwivedi S, Kumar D, Shaikh MF, Negi A. Preclinical Models for Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47504-47517. [PMID: 36591205 PMCID: PMC9798399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A robust preclinical disease model is a primary requirement to understand the underlying mechanisms, signaling pathways, and drug screening for human diseases. Although various preclinical models are available for several diseases, clinical models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain underdeveloped and inaccurate. The pathophysiology of AD mainly includes the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Furthermore, neuroinflammation and free radical generation also contribute to AD. Currently, there is a wide gap in scientific approaches to preventing AD progression. Most of the available drugs are limited to symptomatic relief and improve deteriorating cognitive functions. To mimic the pathogenesis of human AD, animal models like 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD are the primarily used mice models in AD therapeutics. Animal models for AD include intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ), amyloid beta-induced, colchicine-induced, etc., focusing on parameters such as cognitive decline and dementia. Unfortunately, the translational rate of the potential drug candidates in clinical trials is poor due to limitations in imitating human AD pathology in animal models. Therefore, the available preclinical models possess a gap in AD modeling. This paper presents an outline that critically assesses the applicability and limitations of the current approaches in disease modeling for AD. Also, we attempted to provide key suggestions for the best-fit model to evaluate potential therapies, which might improve therapy translation from preclinical studies to patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansab Akhtar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shraddha M. Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shubham Dwivedi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, DIT University, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology
Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- E-mail:
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8
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Takahashi K, Chambers JK, Takaichi Y, Uchida K. Different Aβ43 deposition patterns in the brains of aged dogs, sea lions, and cats. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1563-1573. [PMID: 36288928 PMCID: PMC9791235 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) deposition is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are several molecular species of Aβ, including Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43, and the pathological roles of Aβ43 have attracted particular attention in recent years. Aβ43 is mainly deposited as senile plaques (SPs) in AD brains, and is known to be more amyloidogenic and neurotoxic than Aβ42 and Aβ40. Aβ40 and Aβ42 deposition have been demonstrated in several animal species, while Aβ43 deposition has not been studied in animals. The brains of sea lions, dogs, and cats exhibit unique age-related Aβ pathologies. In the present study, the deposition patterns of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 were examined immunohistochemically in the brains of aged dogs (n=52), sea lions (n=5), and cats (n=17). In dogs, most cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) lesions and primitive SPs were positive for Aβ42, Aβ43, and Aβ40. However, diffuse SPs and capillary CAA lesions were negative for Aβ40. In sea lions, all SPs and most CAA lesions were positive for Aβ42, Aβ43, and Aβ40, while capillary CAA lesions were negative for Aβ40. In cats, Aβ42-immunopositive granular aggregates and arteriole and capillary CAA lesions were positive for Aβ43, but negative for Aβ40. Double-labelling immunohistochemistry revealed the co-localization of Aβ42 and Aβ43. These findings suggest that Aβ43 and Aβ42 are frequently deposited in the brains of Carnivora animals and may play an important role in Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Wahl D, Moreno JA, Santangelo KS, Zhang Q, Afzali MF, Walsh MA, Musci RV, Cavalier AN, Hamilton KL, LaRocca TJ. Nontransgenic Guinea Pig Strains Exhibit Hallmarks of Human Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1766-1774. [PMID: 35323931 PMCID: PMC9434446 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current preclinical models to study brain aging and AD are mainly transgenic and harbor mutations intended to mirror brain pathologies associated with human brain aging/AD (eg, by increasing production of the amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta [Aβ], and/or phosphorylated tau, all of which are key pathological mediators of AD). Although these models may provide insight on pathophysiological processes in AD, none completely recapitulate the disease and its strong age-dependence, and there has been limited success in translating preclinical results and treatments to humans. Here, we describe 2 nontransgenic guinea pig (GP) models, a standard PigmEnTed (PET) strain, and lesser-studied Dunkin-Hartley (DH) strain, that may naturally mimic key features of brain aging and AD in humans. We show that brain aging in PET GP is transcriptomically similar to human brain aging, whereas older DH brains are transcriptomically more similar to human AD. Both strains/models also exhibit increased neurofilament light chain (NFL, a marker of neuronal damage) with aging, and DH animals display greater S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and Aβ and phosphorylated tau-which are all important markers of neuroinflammation-associated AD. Collectively, our results suggest that both the PET and DH GP may be useful, nontransgenic models to study brain aging and AD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maryam F Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maureen A Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Address correspondence to: Thomas J. LaRocca, PhD, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA. E-mail:
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10
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of a Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Fusion Protein Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat and Dog. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1497-1507. [PMID: 35704250 PMCID: PMC9246806 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently demonstrated the brain-delivery of an Amyloid-ß oligomer (Aßo)-binding peptide-therapeutic fused to the BBB-crossing single domain antibody FC5. The bi-functional fusion protein, FC5-mFc-ABP (KG207-M) lowered both CSF and brain Aß levels after systemic dosing in transgenic mouse and rat models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For development as a human therapeutic, we have humanized and further engineered the fusion protein named KG207-H. The purpose of the present study was to carry out comparative PK/PD studies of KG207-H in wild type rat and beagle dogs (middle-aged and older) to determine comparability of systemic PK and CSF exposure between rodent species and larger animals with more complex brain structure such as dogs. METHOD Beagle dogs were used in this study as they accumulate cerebral Aß with age, as seen in human AD patients, and can serve as a model of sporadic AD. KG207-H (5 to 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and serum and CSF samples were serially collected for PK studies and to assess target engagement. KG207-H and Aβ levels were quantified using multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS After systemic dosing, KG207-H demonstrated similar serum pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs. KG207-H appeared in the CSF in a time- and dose-dependent manner with similar kinetics, indicating CNS exposure. Further analyses revealed a dose-dependent inverse relationship between CSF KG207-H and Aß levels in both species indicating target engagement. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates translational attributes of BBB-crossing Aβ-targeting biotherapeutic KG207-H in eliciting a pharmacodynamic response, from rodents to larger animal species.
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Gu L, Yu J, He Y, Fan Y, Sheng J. Blood copper excess is associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1007-1019. [PMID: 35043280 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is a lack of relevant population studies with large sample sizes. AIMS This study used baseline data from a cohort study to determine the distribution characteristics of MCI in the elderly and to estimate the association between whole blood copper concentrations and MCI. METHODS MCI status was screened by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. The concentration of copper in whole blood was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). RESULTS A total of 1057 subjects with an average age of 71.82 ± 6.45 years were included in this study. There were 215 patients with MCI, and the prevalence of MCI was 20.34%. After adjusting for general demographic variables, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI in the elderly with high copper level was 1.354 times higher than that in the elderly with low copper level (OR 1.354, 95% CI 1.047-1.983, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that the prevalence of MCI was different in gender, age, education level and other aspects, and a higher copper level in the elderly was significantly related to the occurrence of MCI. The association was stronger in older adults and men.
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Moreno-Gonzalez I, Edwards G, Morales R, Duran-Aniotz C, Escobedo G, Marquez M, Pumarola M, Soto C. Aged Cattle Brain Displays Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology and Promotes Brain Amyloidosis in a Transgenic Animal Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815361. [PMID: 35173603 PMCID: PMC8841674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia in late life. Although the cause of AD neurodegenerative changes is not fully understood, extensive evidence suggests that the misfolding, aggregation and cerebral accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins are hallmark events. Recent reports have shown that protein misfolding and aggregation can be induced by administration of small quantities of preformed aggregates, following a similar principle by which prion diseases can be transmitted by infection. In the past few years, many of the typical properties that characterize prions as infectious agents were also shown in Aβ aggregates. Interestingly, prion diseases affect not only humans, but also various species of mammals, and it has been demonstrated that infectious prions present in animal tissues, particularly cattle affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), can infect humans. It has been reported that protein deposits resembling Aβ amyloid plaques are present in the brain of several aged non-human mammals, including monkeys, bears, dogs, and cheetahs. In this study, we investigated the presence of Aβ aggregates in the brain of aged cattle, their similarities with the protein deposits observed in AD patients, and their capability to promote AD pathological features when intracerebrally inoculated into transgenic animal models of AD. Our data show that aged cattle can develop AD-like neuropathological abnormalities, including amyloid plaques, as studied histologically. Importantly, cow-derived aggregates accelerate Aβ amyloid deposition in the brain of AD transgenic animals. Surprisingly, the rate of induction produced by administration of the cattle material was substantially higher than induction produced by injection of similar amounts of human AD material. Our findings demonstrate that cows develop seeding-competent Aβ aggregates, similarly as observed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - George Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mercedes Marquez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya (BTAC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya (BTAC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Mckean NE, Handley RR, Snell RG. A Review of the Current Mammalian Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Challenges That Need to Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13168. [PMID: 34884970 PMCID: PMC8658123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the looming health crises of the near future. Increasing lifespans and better medical treatment for other conditions mean that the prevalence of this disease is expected to triple by 2050. The impact of AD includes both the large toll on individuals and their families as well as a large financial cost to society. So far, we have no way to prevent, slow, or cure the disease. Current medications can only alleviate some of the symptoms temporarily. Many animal models of AD have been created, with the first transgenic mouse model in 1995. Mouse models have been beset by challenges, and no mouse model fully captures the symptomatology of AD without multiple genetic mutations and/or transgenes, some of which have never been implicated in human AD. Over 25 years later, many mouse models have been given an AD-like disease and then 'cured' in the lab, only for the treatments to fail in clinical trials. This review argues that small animal models are insufficient for modelling complex disorders such as AD. In order to find effective treatments for AD, we need to create large animal models with brains and lifespan that are closer to humans, and underlying genetics that already predispose them to AD-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Elizabeth Mckean
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Renee Robyn Handley
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell Grant Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Wallace ER, Harp JP, Van Pelt KL, Koehl LM, Caban-Holt AM, Anderson-Mooney AJ, Jicha GA, Lightner DD, Robertson WC, Head E, Schmitt FA. Identifying dementia in Down syndrome with the Severe Impairment Battery, Brief Praxis Test and Dementia Scale for People with Learning Disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1085-1096. [PMID: 34786786 PMCID: PMC8842513 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease. However, many measures regularly used for the detection of dementia in the general population are not suitable for individuals with DS due in part to floor effects. Some measures, including the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Brief Praxis Test (BPT) and Dementia Scale for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD), have been used in clinical trials and other research with this population. Validity research is limited, particularly regarding the use of such tools for detection of prodromal dementia in the DS population. The current project presents baseline cross-sectional SIB, BPT and DLD performance in order to characterise their predictive utility in discriminating normal cognition, possible dementia and probable dementia in adult DS. METHOD Baseline SIB, BPT and DLD performances from 100 individuals (no dementia = 68, possible dementia = 16 & probable dementia = 16) were examined from a longitudinal cohort of aging individuals with DS. Receiver operating characteristic curves investigated the accuracy of these measures in relation to consensus dementia diagnoses, diagnoses which demonstrated high percent agreement with the examining neurologist's independent diagnostic impression. RESULTS The SIB and BPT exhibited fair discrimination ability for differentiating no/possible versus probable dementia [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.61 and 0.66, respectively]. The DLD exhibited good discrimination ability for differentiating no versus possible/probable dementia (AUC = 0.75) and further demonstrated better performance of the DLD Cognitive subscale compared with the DLD Social subscale (AUC = 0.77 and 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the SIB, BPT and DLD are able to reasonably discriminate consensus dementia diagnoses in individuals with DS, supporting their continued use in the clinical assessment of dementia in DS. The general performance of these measures suggests that further work in the area of test development is needed to improve on the AUCs for dementia status discrimination in this unique population. At present, however, the current findings suggest that the DLD may be the best option for reliable identification of prodromal dementia in this population, reinforcing the importance of including informant behaviour ratings in assessment of cognition for adults with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California—Irvine
| | - Frederick A. Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky
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GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9253281. [PMID: 34745305 PMCID: PMC8568547 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9253281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the effect of GXN on AD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether GXN alters cholesterol, amyloid-beta (Aβ), gut microbiota, serum metabolites, oxidative stress, neuronal metabolism activities, and apoptosis in an AD model rabbit fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Our results suggested that the GXN treatment significantly reduced cholesterol levels and Aβ deposition and improved memory and behaviors in AD rabbits. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GXN ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the abundances of Akkermansia and dgA-11_gut_group. 1H-NMR metabolomics found that GXN regulated 12 different serum metabolites, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and glutamate (Glu). In addition, the 1H-MRS examination showed that GXN remarkably increased N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Glu levels while reducing myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) levels in AD rabbits, consequently enhancing neuronal metabolism activities. Furthermore, GXN significantly inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GXN attenuates AD via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) scores correlate with amyloid beta 42 levels in dog brain tissue. GeroScience 2021; 43:2379-2386. [PMID: 34417706 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant burden for human health that is increasing in prevalence as the global population ages. There is growing recognition that current preclinical models of AD are insufficient to recapitulate key aspects of the disease. Laboratory models for AD include mice, which do not naturally develop AD-like pathology during aging, and laboratory Beagle dogs, which do not share the human environment. In contrast, the companion dog shares the human environment and presents a genetically heterogeneous population of animals that might spontaneously develop age-associated AD-like pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Here, we quantitatively measured amyloid beta (Aβ42 or Abeta-42) levels in three areas of the companion dog brain (prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus/entorhinal cortex) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a newly developed Luminex assay. We found significant positive correlations between Aβ42 and age in all three brain regions. Brain Aβ42 abundance in all three brain regions was also correlated with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Scale score in a multivariate analysis. This latter effect remained significant when correcting for age, except in the temporal cortex. There was no correlation between Aβ42 in CSF and cognitive scores; however, we found a significant positive correlation between Aβ42 in CSF and body weight, as well as a significant negative correlation between Aβ42 in CSF and age. Our results support the suitability of the companion dog as a model for AD and illustrate the utility of veterinary biobanking to make biospecimens available to researchers for analysis.
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17
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Thomsen BB, Madsen C, Krohn KT, Thygesen C, Schütt T, Metaxas A, Darvesh S, Agerholm JS, Wirenfeldt M, Berendt M, Finsen B. Mild Microglial Responses in the Cortex and Perivascular Macrophage Infiltration in Subcortical White Matter in Dogs with Age-Related Dementia Modelling Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:575-592. [PMID: 34057083 PMCID: PMC8385501 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Microglia contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis by clearing amyloid-β (Aβ) and driving neuroinflammation. Domestic dogs with age-related dementia (canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD)) develop cerebral amyloidosis like humans developing AD, and studying such dogs can provide novel information about microglial response in prodromal AD. Objective: The aim was to investigate the microglial response in the cortical grey and the subcortical white matter in dogs with CCD versus age-matched cognitively normal dogs. Methods: Brains from aged dogs with CCD and age-matched controls without dementia were studied. Cases were defined by dementia rating score. Brain sections were stained for Aβ, thioflavin S, hyperphosphorylated tau, and the microglial-macrophage ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1). Results were correlated to dementia rating score and tissue levels of Aβ. Results: Microglial numbers were higher in the Aβ plaque-loaded deep cortical layers in CCD versus control dogs, while the coverage by microglial processes were comparable. Aβ plaques were of the diffuse type and without microglial aggregation. However, a correlation was found between the %Iba1 area and insoluble Aβ 42 and N-terminal pyroglutamate modified Aβ(N3pE)-42. The %Iba1 area was higher in white matter, showing phosphorylation of S396 tau, versus grey matter. Perivascular macrophage infiltrates were abundant in the white matter particularly in CDD dogs. Conclusion: The results from this study of the microglial-macrophage response in dogs with CCD are suggestive of relatively mild microglial responses in the Aβ plaque-loaded deep cortical layers and perivascular macrophage infiltrates in the subcortical white matter, in prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Blicher Thomsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Madsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine Tækker Krohn
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Camilla Thygesen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Schütt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Science, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Division of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Wirenfeldt
- BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Science, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Edler MK, Mhatre-Winters I, Richardson JR. Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparative Species Review. Cells 2021; 10:1138. [PMID: 34066847 PMCID: PMC8150617 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system that help nourish and support neurons, clear debris, and respond to foreign stimuli. Greatly impacted by their environment, microglia go through rapid changes in cell shape, gene expression, and functional behavior during states of infection, trauma, and neurodegeneration. Aging also has a profound effect on microglia, leading to chronic inflammation and an increase in the brain's susceptibility to neurodegenerative processes that occur in Alzheimer's disease. Despite the scientific community's growing knowledge in the field of neuroinflammation, the overall success rate of drug treatment for age-related and neurodegenerative diseases remains incredibly low. Potential reasons for the lack of translation from animal models to the clinic include the use of a single species model, an assumption of similarity in humans, and ignoring contradictory data or information from other species. To aid in the selection of validated and predictive animal models and to bridge the translational gap, this review evaluates similarities and differences among species in microglial activation and density, morphology and phenotype, cytokine expression, phagocytosis, and production of oxidative species in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Edler
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
| | - Isha Mhatre-Winters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jason R. Richardson
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Panek WK, Murdoch DM, Gruen ME, Mowat FM, Marek RD, Olby NJ. Plasma Amyloid Beta Concentrations in Aged and Cognitively Impaired Pet Dogs. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:483-489. [PMID: 32970242 PMCID: PMC7855498 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Longevity-associated neurological disorders have been observed across human and canine aging populations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represent comparable diseases affecting both species as they age. Translational diagnostic and therapeutic research is needed for these incurable diseases. The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide family are AD-associated peptides with identical amino acid sequences between dogs and humans. Plasma Aβ42 concentration increases with age and decreases with AD in humans, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration decreases in AD and correlates inversely with the amyloid load within the brain. Similarly, CSF Aβ42 concentrations decrease in dogs with CDS but there is limited and conflicting information on plasma Aβ42 concentrations in aging dogs and dogs with CDS. We measured plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 with an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay (SIMOA) in a population of healthy aging dogs of different life stages (n = 36) and dogs affected with CDS (n = 11). In addition, the ratio of Aβ42/β40 was calculated. The mean plasma concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 increased significantly with age (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.001; and r2 = 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively) and with life stage: puppy/junior group (0.43-2 years): 1.23 ± 0.95 and 38.26 ± 49.43 pg/mL; adult/mature group (2.1-9 years): 10.99 ± 5.45 and 131.05 ± 80.17 pg/mL; geriatric/senior group (9.3-14.5 years): 18.65 ± 16.65 and 192.88 ± 146.38 pg/mL, respectively. Concentrations of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in dogs with CDS (11.0-15.6 years) were significantly lower than age-matched healthy dogs at 11.61 ± 6.39 and 150.23 ± 98.2 pg/mL (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest the dynamics of canine plasma amyloid concentrations are analogous to that found in aging humans with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David M Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert D Marek
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Latimer CS, Lucot KL, Keene CD, Cholerton B, Montine TJ. Genetic Insights into Alzheimer's Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:351-376. [PMID: 33497263 PMCID: PMC8664069 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pervasive, relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that includes both hereditary and sporadic forms linked by common underlying neuropathologic changes and neuropsychological manifestations. While a clinical diagnosis is often made on the basis of initial memory dysfunction that progresses to involve multiple cognitive domains, definitive diagnosis requires autopsy examination of the brain to identify amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary degeneration. Over the past 100 years, there has been remarkable progress in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic processes, pathologic changes, and clinical phenotypes of AD, largely because genetic pathways that include but expand beyond amyloid processing have been uncovered. This review discusses the current state of understanding of the genetics of AD with a focus on how these advances are both shaping our understanding of the disease and informing novel avenues and approaches for development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Katherine L Lucot
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA;
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Socha K, Klimiuk K, Naliwajko SK, Soroczyńska J, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Kochanowicz J. Dietary Habits, Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Total Antioxidant Status in Serum in Relation to Cognitive Functions of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020287. [PMID: 33498452 PMCID: PMC7909435 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the neurodegenerative process and can impair cognitive functions. In the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an adequate consumption of dietary antioxidants may be a major factor. The objective of the study was to estimate selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of patients with AD in relation to their cognitive functions and dietary habits. A total of 110 patients (aged 54-93 years) with early or moderate AD, as well as 60 healthy people (aged 52-83 years) were studied. The severity of the disease was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale. Food-frequency questionnaires were implemented to collect the dietary data. The concentrations of Se, Cu and Zn in the sera were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method. TAS was estimated spectrophotometrically using ready-made kits (Randox). Significantly lower concentrations of Se, Zn and TAS, and higher Cu:Zn ratio in the serum of patients with AD, compared to healthy people, were observed. A low correlation between the MMSE score and TAS in the serum of AD patients and significantly higher MMSE values in patients with TAS above the reference range were also noted. In patients with serum Cu concentration above the norm, significantly lower MMSE values were found. Selected dietary habits such as the frequency of consumption of various food products had a significant impact on the concentration of the assessed parameters in the serum of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (J.S.); (A.P.-J.); (R.M.-Ż.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-8574-854-68
| | - Katarzyna Klimiuk
- Podlasie Center of Psychogeriatrics, Swobodna 38 Street, 15-756 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Sylwia K. Naliwajko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (J.S.); (A.P.-J.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Jolanta Soroczyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (J.S.); (A.P.-J.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (J.S.); (A.P.-J.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (J.S.); (A.P.-J.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a Street, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
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22
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Vikartovska Z, Farbakova J, Smolek T, Hanes J, Zilka N, Hornakova L, Humenik F, Maloveska M, Hudakova N, Cizkova D. Novel Diagnostic Tools for Identifying Cognitive Impairment in Dogs: Behavior, Biomarkers, and Pathology. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:551895. [PMID: 33521072 PMCID: PMC7843503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.551895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in senior dogs that is mainly associated with decreased ability to learn and respond to stimuli. It is commonly under-diagnosed because behavioral changes are often attributed to the natural process of aging. In the present study, we used for the first time a comprehensive approach enabling early diagnosis of canine patients with mild cognitive disorders (MiCI). We included CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES) questionnaires, biochemical parameters, and biomarkers in blood serum, and correlated them with post-mortem histopathological changes. The CADES questionnaires enabled us to identify MiCI dogs developing changes mainly in domains corresponding to social interaction and spatial orientation, which seems to be crucial for delineating early cognitive disorders. Biochemical analyses in these dogs showed slightly elevated liver enzyme parameters (AST and ALT) and significantly decreased sodium and chloride levels in blood serum. Furthermore, we describe for the first time a significant increase of neurofilament light chain (NFL) in blood serum of MiCI dogs, compared to normal aging seniors and young controls, but no changes in TAU protein and amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide levels. In canine brains with cognitive impairment, amyloid plaques of mainly diffuse and dense types were detected. Furthermore, activated microglia with amoeboid body and dystrophic processes occurred, in some cases with spheroidal and bulbous swellings. On the other hand, no TAU pathology or neurofibrillary tangles were detected. These results suggest that a combination of CADES questionnaire mainly with CNS injury biomarker (NFL) and with biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, Na, and Cl) in blood serum may predict CCDS in senior dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vikartovska
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Farbakova
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Neuroimunology Institute, n.p.o., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hanes
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Hornakova
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Filip Humenik
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Maloveska
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Hudakova
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Center for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Takaichi Y, Chambers JK, Takahashi K, Soeda Y, Koike R, Katsumata E, Kita C, Matsuda F, Haritani M, Takashima A, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Amyloid β and tau pathology in brains of aged pinniped species (sea lion, seal, and walrus). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33413691 PMCID: PMC7792306 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and hyperphosphorylated tau (hp-tau) as neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The AD-related pathology has been reported in several non-human animals, and most animals develop only the Aβ or tau pathology. We herein describe the Aβ and hp-tau pathology in the brains of aged pinniped species (seal, sea lion, and walrus). Molecular analyses revealed that the sequence of pinniped Aβ was identical to that of human Aβ. Histopathological examinations detected argyrophilic plaques composed of Aβ associated with dystrophic neurites in the cerebral cortex of aged pinnipeds. Astrogliosis and microglial infiltration were identified around Aβ plaques. Aβ deposits were observed in the blood vessel walls of the meninges and cerebrum. Pinniped tau protein was physiologically subjected to alternative splicing at exons 2, 3, and 10, and presented as five isoforms: two 3-repeat tau isoforms (1N3R, 2N3R) and three 4-repeat tau isoforms (0N4R, 1N4R, 2N4R); 0N3R tau isoform was absent. Histopathological examinations revealed argyrophilic fibrillar aggregates composed of hp-tau in the neuronal somata and neurites of aged pinniped brains. Few hp-tau aggregates were found in oligodendrocytes and microglia. Biochemically, hp-tau of the 3-repeat and 4-repeat isoforms was detected in brain sarkosyl-insoluble fractions. Aβ and hp-tau both predominantly accumulated in the neocortex, particularly the frontal cortex. Furthermore, the activation of GSK-3β was detected within cells containing hp-tau aggregates, and activated GSK-3β was strongly expressed in cases with severe hp-tau pathologies. The present results suggest that, in association with Aβ deposition, the activation of GSK-3β contributes to hp-tau accumulation in pinniped brains. Here, we report that pinniped species naturally accumulate Aβ and tau with aging, similar to the human AD pathology.
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24
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Panek WK, Gruen ME, Murdoch DM, Marek RD, Stachel AF, Mowat FM, Saker KE, Olby NJ. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Translational Biomarker of Aging and Neurodegeneration in Dogs. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3143-3149. [PMID: 32472519 PMCID: PMC7529326 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is a primary risk factor for multiple comorbidities including neurodegenerative diseases. Pet dogs and humans represent two populations that have experienced a significant increase in average life expectancy over the last century. A higher prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases has been observed across both species, and human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have canine analogs, canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), and degenerative myelopathy (DM) respectively. In humans, protein biomarkers have proved useful in the prediction and diagnosis of neurodegeneration. Molecular signatures of many proteins are highly conserved across species. In this study, we explored the potential of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker of neuro-aging in dogs using an ultrasensitive single-molecule array assay to measure plasma concentrations. Healthy dogs of different ages and dogs affected with CCD and DM were evaluated. The mean plasma NfL concentrations in the different age groups of the healthy population were as follows: 4.55 ± 1.70 pg/mL in puppy/junior group (0.43-2 years), 13.51 ± 6.8 pg/mL in adult/mature group (2.1-9 years), and 47.1 ± 12.68 pg/mL in geriatric/senior group (9.3-14.5 years). Concentrations in dogs with DM (7.5-12.6 years) and CCD (11.0-15.6 years) were 84.17 ± 53.57 pg/mL and 100.73 ± 83.72 pg/mL, respectively. Plasma NfL increases in an age-dependent manner and is significantly elevated in dogs diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease. This work identified plasma NfL as a key clinical index of neuro-aging and neurodegeneration in pet dogs. Our findings mirror recent reports from human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - David M Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robert D Marek
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alexandra F Stachel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Korinn E Saker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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25
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Postnatal Guinea Pig Brain Development, as Revealed by Magnetic Resonance and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060365. [PMID: 32545593 PMCID: PMC7349860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify age dependent brain structural characteristics in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Anatomical T2-weighted images, diffusion kurtosis (DKI) imaging, and T2 relaxometry measures were acquired from a cohort of male guinea pigs from postnatal day (PND) 18–25 (juvenile) to PND 46–51 (adolescent) and PND 118–123 (young adult). Whole-brain diffusion measures revealed the distinct effects of maturation on the microstructural complexity of the male guinea pig brain. Specifically, fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as mean, axial, and radial kurtosis in the corpus callosum, amygdala, dorsal-ventral striatum, and thalamus significantly increased from PND 18–25 to PND 118–123. Age-related alterations in DKI measures within these brain regions paralleled the overall alterations observed in the whole brain. Age-related changes in FA and kurtosis in the gray matter-dominant parietal cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus were less pronounced than in the other brain regions. The regional data analysis revealed that between-age changes of diffusion kurtosis metrics were more pronounced than those observed in diffusion tensor metrics. The age-related anatomical differences reported here may be important determinants of the age-dependent neurobehavior of guinea pigs in different tasks.
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26
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Story BD, Miller ME, Bradbury AM, Million ED, Duan D, Taghian T, Faissler D, Fernau D, Beecy SJ, Gray-Edwards HL. Canine Models of Inherited Musculoskeletal and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32219101 PMCID: PMC7078110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human disease remain the bread and butter of modern biology and therapeutic discovery. Nonetheless, more often than not mouse models do not reproduce the pathophysiology of the human conditions they are designed to mimic. Naturally occurring large animal models have predominantly been found in companion animals or livestock because of their emotional or economic value to modern society and, unlike mice, often recapitulate the human disease state. In particular, numerous models have been discovered in dogs and have a fundamental role in bridging proof of concept studies in mice to human clinical trials. The present article is a review that highlights current canine models of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, degenerative myelopathy, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, and fucosidosis. The goal of the review is to discuss canine and human neurodegenerative pathophysiologic similarities, introduce the animal models, and shed light on the ability of canine models to facilitate current and future treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Story
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew E. Miller
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Allison M. Bradbury
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily D. Million
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Toloo Taghian
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Dominik Faissler
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Deborah Fernau
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sidney J. Beecy
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Heather L. Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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27
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Bernabeu-Zornoza A, Coronel R, Palmer C, Monteagudo M, Zambrano A, Liste I. Physiological and pathological effects of amyloid-β species in neural stem cell biology. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2035-2042. [PMID: 31397330 PMCID: PMC6788229 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amyloid-β peptide is considered neurotoxic, it may mediate several physiological processes during embryonic development and in the adult brain. The pathological function of amyloid-β peptide has been extensively studied due to its implication in Alzheimer's disease, but its physiological function remains poorly understood. Amyloid-β peptide can be detected in non-aggregated (monomeric) and aggregated (oligomeric and fibrillary) forms. Each form has different cytotoxic and/or physiological properties, so amyloid-β peptide and its role in Alzheimer's disease need to be studied further. Neural stem cells and neural precursor cells are good tools for the study on neurodegenerative diseases and can provide future therapeutic applications in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we provide an outline of the effects of amyloid-β peptide, in monomeric and aggregated forms, on the biology of neural stem cells/neural precursor cells, and discuss the controversies. We also describe the possible molecular targets that could be implicated in these effects, especially GSK3β. A better understanding of amyloid-β peptide (both physiological and pathological), and the signaling pathways involved are essential to advance the field of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Coronel
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Palmer
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monteagudo
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad de Regeneración Neural, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Tezel G, Timur SS, Bozkurt İ, Türkoğlu ÖF, Eroğlu İ, Nemutlu E, Öner L, Eroğlu H. A Snapshot on the Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment Perspectives, in-Vitro and in-Vivo Research Studies and Future Opportunities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | | | - Ö. Faruk Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Levent Öner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
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29
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Prpar Mihevc S, Majdič G. Canine Cognitive Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease - Two Facets of the Same Disease? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:604. [PMID: 31249505 PMCID: PMC6582309 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present a major and increasing burden in the societies worldwide. With aging populations, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, yet there are no effective cures and very few treatment options are available. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions and although the pathology is well studied, the pathogenesis of this debilitating illness is still poorly understood. This is, among other reasons, also due to the lack of good animal models as laboratory rodents do not develop spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases and human Alzheimer's disease is only partially mimicked by transgenic rodent models. On the other hand, older dogs commonly develop canine cognitive dysfunction, a disease that is similar to Alzheimer's disease in many aspects. Dogs show cognitive deficits that could be paralleled to human symptoms such as disorientation, memory loss, changes in behavior, and in their brains, beta amyloid plaques are commonly detected both in extracellular space as senile plaques and around the blood vessels. Dogs could be therefore potentially a very good model for studying pathological process and novel treatment options for Alzheimer's disease. In the present article, we will review the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of canine cognitive dysfunction, its similarities and dissimilarities with Alzheimer's disease, and developments of novel treatments for these two diseases with a focus on canine cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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30
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Nyarko JNK, Quartey MO, Baker GB, Mousseau DD. Can Animal Models Inform on the Relationship between Depression and Alzheimer Disease? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:18-29. [PMID: 29685068 PMCID: PMC6364140 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718772514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The focus on the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as in animal models of AD has perhaps biased our understanding of what contributes to the heterogeneity in disease onset and progression. Part of this heterogeneity could reflect the various neuropsychiatric risk factors that present with common symptomatology and can predispose the brain to AD-like changes. One such risk factor is depression. Animal models, particularly mouse models carrying variants of AD-related gene(s), many of which lead to an accumulation of Aβ, suggest that a fundamental shift in depression-related monoaminergic systems (including serotonin and noradrenaline) is a strong indicator of the altered cellular function associated with the earlier(est) stages of AD-related pathology. These changes in monoaminergic neurochemistry could provide for relevant targets for intervention in clinical AD and/or could support a polypharmacy strategy, which might include the targeting of Aβ, in vulnerable populations. Future studies must also include female mice as well as male mice in animal model studies on the relationship between depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N K Nyarko
- 1 Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maa O Quartey
- 1 Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- 1 Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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31
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Neprilysin degrades murine Amyloid-β (Aβ) more efficiently than human Aβ: Further implication for species-specific amyloid accumulation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Biliverdin reductase-A impairment links brain insulin resistance with increased Aβ production in an animal model of aging: Implications for Alzheimer disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3181-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Biliverdin Reductase-A Mediates the Beneficial Effects of Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2922-2943. [PMID: 30073505 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is an early event leading to brain insulin resistance in AD. Intranasal insulin (INI) administration is under evaluation as a strategy to alleviate brain insulin resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying INI beneficial effects are still unclear. We show that INI improves insulin signaling activation in the hippocampus and cortex of adult and aged 3×Tg-AD mice by ameliorating BVR-A activation. These changes were associated with a reduction of nitrosative stress, Tau phosphorylation, and Aβ oligomers in brain, along with improved cognitive functions. The role of BVR-A was strengthened by showing that cells lacking BVR-A: (i) develop insulin resistance if treated with insulin and (ii) can be recovered from insulin resistance only if treated with a BVR-A-mimetic peptide. These novel findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying INI treatment effects and suggest BVR-A as potential therapeutic target to prevent brain insulin resistance in AD.
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Pelekanos M, Leinenga G, Odabaee M, Odabaee M, Saifzadeh S, Steck R, Götz J. Establishing sheep as an experimental species to validate ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening for potential therapeutic interventions. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2583-2602. [PMID: 29721100 PMCID: PMC5928910 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Treating diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively restricts access of a large number of potentially useful drugs. A potential solution to this problem is presented by therapeutic ultrasound, a novel treatment modality that can achieve transient BBB opening in species including rodents, facilitated by biologically inert microbubbles that are routinely used in a clinical setting for contrast enhancement. However, in translating rodent studies to the human brain, the presence of a thick cancellous skull that both absorbs and distorts ultrasound presents a challenge. A larger animal model that is more similar to humans is therefore required in order to establish a suitable protocol and to test devices. Here we investigated whether sheep provide such a model. Methods: In a stepwise manner, we used a total of 12 sheep to establish a sonication protocol using a spherically focused transducer. This was assisted by ex vivo simulations based on CT scans to establish suitable sonication parameters. BBB opening was assessed by Evans blue staining and a range of histological tests. Results: Here we demonstrate noninvasive microbubble-mediated BBB opening through the intact sheep skull. Our non-recovery protocol allowed for BBB opening at the base of the brain, and in areas relevant for AD, including the cortex and hippocampus. Linear time-shift invariant analysis and finite element analysis simulations were used to optimize the position of the transducer and to predict the acoustic pressure and location of the focus. Conclusion: Our study establishes sheep as a novel animal model for ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and highlights opportunities and challenges in using this model. Moreover, as sheep develop an AD-like pathology with aging, they represent a large animal model that could potentially complement the use of non-human primates.
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Shih YH, Wu SY, Yu M, Huang SH, Lee CW, Jiang MJ, Lin PY, Yang TT, Kuo YM. Hypertension Accelerates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies in Pigs and 3xTg Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:73. [PMID: 29615895 PMCID: PMC5869211 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest there is an association between midlife hypertension and increased risk of late-life Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether hypertension accelerates the onset of AD or is a distinct disease that becomes more prevalent with age (comorbidity) remains unclear. This study aimed to test the possible relationship between hypertension and AD pathogenesis. Two animal models were used in this study. For the first model, 7-month-old Lanyu-miniature-pigs were given the abdominal aortic constriction operation to induce hypertension and their AD-related pathologies were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 months after the operation. The results showed that hypertension was detected since 1 month after the operation in the pigs. Levels of Aβ, amyloid precursor protein, RAGE, phosphorylated tau and activated GSK3β in the hippocampi increased at 3 months after the operation. For the second model, 3xTg mice at the ages of 2, 5, and 7 months were subjected to the “two-kidney-one-clip” operation to induce hypertension. One month after the operation, blood pressure was significantly increased in the 3xTg mice in any age. Aβ, amyloid plaque load, and phosphorylated tau levels increased in the operated mice. Furthermore, the operation also induced shrinkage in the dendritic arbor of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule neurons, leakage in the blood-brain barrier, activation in microglia, and impairment in the hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in the 3xTg mice. In conclusion, hypertension accelerates the onset of AD. Blood pressure control during midlife may delay the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hsiang Shih
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Megan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sheng-Huai Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wan Lee
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Jyh Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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36
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Pan Y, Xu J, Chen C, Chen F, Jin P, Zhu K, Hu CW, You M, Chen M, Hu F. Royal Jelly Reduces Cholesterol Levels, Ameliorates Aβ Pathology and Enhances Neuronal Metabolic Activities in a Rabbit Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:50. [PMID: 29556189 PMCID: PMC5845009 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and neuronal loss. One of the risk factors for AD is high cholesterol levels, which are known to promote Aβ deposition. Previous studies have shown that royal jelly (RJ), a product of worker bees, has potential neuroprotective effects and can attenuate Aβ toxicity. However, little is known about how RJ regulates Aβ formation and its effects on cholesterol levels and neuronal metabolic activities. Here, we investigated whether RJ can reduce cholesterol levels, regulate Aβ levels and enhance neuronal metabolic activities in an AD rabbit model induced by 2% cholesterol diet plus copper drinking water. Our results suggest that RJ significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased the level of Aβ in rabbit brains. RJ was also shown to markedly ameliorate amyloid deposition in AD rabbits from Aβ immunohistochemistry and thioflavin-T staining. Furthermore, our study suggests that RJ can reduce the expression levels of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and increase the expression levels of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). In addition, we found that RJ remarkably increased the number of neurons, enhanced antioxidant capacities, inhibited activated-capase-3 protein expression, and enhanced neuronal metabolic activities by increasing N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and glutamate and by reducing choline and myo-inositol in AD rabbits. Taken together, our data demonstrated that RJ could reduce cholesterol levels, regulate Aβ levels and enhance neuronal metabolic activities in AD rabbits, providing preclinical evidence that RJ treatment has the potential to protect neurons and prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mengmeng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Center, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Rusbridge C, Salguero FJ, David MA, Faller KME, Bras JT, Guerreiro RJ, Richard-Londt AC, Grainger D, Head E, Brandner SGP, Summers B, Hardy J, Tayebi M. An Aged Canid with Behavioral Deficits Exhibits Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid Beta Oligomers. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29441010 PMCID: PMC5797595 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the molecular and pathological features associated with human Alzheimer disease (AD) are mirrored in the naturally occurring age-associated neuropathology in the canine species. In aged dogs with declining learned behavior and memory the severity of cognitive dysfunction parallels the progressive build up and location of Aβ in the brain. The main aim of this work was to study the biological behavior of soluble oligomers isolated from an aged dog with cognitive dysfunction through investigating their interaction with a human cell line and synthetic Aβ peptides. We report that soluble oligomers were specifically detected in the dog's blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via anti-oligomer- and anti-Aβ specific binders. Importantly, our results reveal the potent neurotoxic effects of the dog's CSF on cell viability and the seeding efficiency of the CSF-borne soluble oligomers on the thermodynamic activity and the aggregation kinetics of synthetic human Aβ. The value of further characterizing the naturally occurring Alzheimer-like neuropathology in dogs using genetic and molecular tools is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rusbridge
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kiterie M E Faller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jose T Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita J Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Angela C Richard-Londt
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Grainger
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sebastian G P Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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38
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Alzheimer's disease markers in the aged sheep (Ovis aries). Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schütt T, Helboe L, Pedersen LØ, Waldemar G, Berendt M, Pedersen JT. Dogs with Cognitive Dysfunction as a Spontaneous Model for Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Translational Study of Neuropathological and Inflammatory Markers. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:433-49. [PMID: 27003213 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aged companion dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) spontaneously develop varying degrees of progressive cognitive decline and particular neuropathological features correspondent to the changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. The aim of the present study was to characterize certain aspects of neuropathology and inflammatory markers related to aging and CCD in dogs in comparison with human AD. Fifteen brains from aged dogs with normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, or CCD were investigated and compared with two control brains from young dogs and brain sections from human AD subjects. The neuropathological investigations included evaluation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition (N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamyl-modified Aβ included), tau pathology, and inflammatory markers in prefrontal cortex. Cortical Aβ deposition was found to be only of the diffuse subtype as no dense-core or neuritic plaques were found. The Aβ deposition followed a progressive pattern in four maturation stages. Accumulation of the Aβ peptide was also observed in the vessel walls. Both immunohistochemically and biochemically measured levels of Aβ pathology in prefrontal cortex showed a consistent positive correlation to age but not to cognitive deficit severity. No evidence of neurofibrillary tau pathology was found. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was generally low and showed no significant association to cognitive status. The findings of the present study support the senescent dog with spontaneous cognitive dysfunction as a valuable non-transgenic model for further investigations of the molecular events involved in the neurodegenerative processes associated with aging and early stage AD, especially the Aβ-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Schütt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Lone Helboe
- Department of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Vallino Costassa E, Fiorini M, Zanusso G, Peletto S, Acutis P, Baioni E, Maurella C, Tagliavini F, Catania M, Gallo M, Faro ML, Chieppa MN, Meloni D, D'Angelo A, Paciello O, Ghidoni R, Tonoli E, Casalone C, Corona C. Characterization of Amyloid-β Deposits in Bovine Brains. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:875-87. [PMID: 26890772 PMCID: PMC4927890 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits are seen in aged individuals of many mammalian species that possess the same aminoacid sequence as humans. This study describes Aβ deposition in 102 clinically characterized cattle brains from animals aged 0 to 20 years. Extracellular and intracellular Aβ deposition was detected with 4G8 antibody in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. X-34 staining failed to stain Aβ deposits, indicating the non β-pleated nature of these deposits. Western blot analysis and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed in Tris, Triton, and formic acid fractions the presence of different Aβ peptides, characterized mainly by C-terminally truncated forms. Exploration of the genetic variability of APOE, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis revealed several previously unreported polymorphisms. This study demonstrates certain similarities between Aβ deposition patterns exhibited in cattle brains and those in the human brain in early stages of aging. Furthermore, the identification of the same Aβ peptides reported in humans, but unable to form aggregates, supports the hypothesis that cattle may be protected against amyloid plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vallino Costassa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche Biomediche e del Movimento, Universitá di Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche Biomediche e del Movimento, Universitá di Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Lo Faro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Chieppa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Sezione Clinica Medica, Universitá di Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanitá Animale, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Laboratorio Marcatori Molecolari, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- Laboratorio Marcatori Molecolari, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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41
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Loke SY, Wong PTH, Ong WY. Global gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertension. Neurochem Int 2016; 102:33-56. [PMID: 27890723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have identified a link between hypercholesterolemia or hypertension and cognitive deficits, till date, comprehensive gene expression analyses of the brain under these conditions is still lacking. The present study was carried out to elucidate differential gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of New Zealand white rabbits exposed to hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertension with a view of identifying gene networks at risk. Microarray analyses of the PFC of hypercholesterolemic rabbits showed 850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cortex of hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to controls, but only 5 DEGs in hypertensive rabbits compared to controls. Up-regulated genes in the PFC of hypercholesterolemic rabbits included CIDEC, ODF2, RNASEL, FSHR, CES3 and MAB21L3, and down-regulated genes included FAM184B, CUL3, LOC100351029, TMEM109, LOC100357097 and PFDN5. Comparison with our previous study on the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the same rabbits showed many differentially expressed genes in common between the PFC and MCA, during hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, these genes tended to fall into the same functional networks, as revealed by IPA analyses, with many identical node molecules. These include: proteasome, insulin, Akt, ERK1/2, histone, IL12, interferon alpha and NFκB. Of these, PSMB4, PSMD4, PSMG1 were chosen as representatives of genes related to the proteasome for verification by quantitative RT-PCR. Results indicate significant downregulation of all three proteasome associated genes in the PFC. Immunostaining showed significantly increased number of Aβ labelled cells in layers III and V of the cortex after hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, which may be due to decreased proteasome activity and/or increased β- or γ-secretase activity. Knowledge of altered gene networks during hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertension could inform our understanding of the link between these conditions and cognitive deficits in vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau-Yeen Loke
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Peter Tsun-Hon Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore; Neurobiology and Ageing Research Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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42
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Cheng J, Lin X, Morgan D, Gordon M, Chen X, Wang ZH, Li HN, He LJ, Zhou SF, Cao C. Dendritic and Langerhans cells respond to Aβ peptides differently: implication for AD immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35443-57. [PMID: 26473448 PMCID: PMC4742117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Both wild-type and mutated beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides can elicit an immune response when delivered subcutaneously. However, only mutated forms of Aβ can sensitize dendritic cells when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. To understand the role of mutation and delivery routes in creating immune responses, and the function of dendritic cells as therapeutic agents, we used fluorescent-conjugated WT Aβ1-40 (WT40) and artificially mutated Aβ1-40 (22W40) peptides to treat dendritic and Langerhans cells from young and/or old mice at different time points. The cell types were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to identify differences in function and antigen presentation, and Luminex and Western blots for cell activation and associated mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the artificial mutant, 22W40, enhanced dendritic cell's phagocytosis and antigen presentation better than the WT40. Interestingly, Langerhans cells were more effective at early presentation. The artificial mutant 22W40 increased CD8α+ dendritic cells, CD8+ T-cells, and IFN-γ production when co-cultured with self-lymphocytes and dendritic cells from aged mice (30-month-old). Here, the 22W40 mutant peptide has been found to be potent enough to activate DCs, and that dendritic cell-based therapy may be a more effective treatment for age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Morgan
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marcia Gordon
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Ning Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lan-Jie He
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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43
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Salazar C, Valdivia G, Ardiles ÁO, Ewer J, Palacios AG. Genetic variants associated with neurodegenerative Alzheimer disease in natural models. Biol Res 2016; 49:14. [PMID: 26919851 PMCID: PMC4769573 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases has made valuable contributions to the field. However, some important limitations, including protein overexpression and general systemic compensation for the missing genes, has caused researchers to seek natural models that show the main biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here we review some of these models-most of them rodents, focusing especially on the genetic variations in biomarkers for Alzheimer diseases, in order to explain their relationships with variants associated with the occurrence of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Valdivia
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - John Ewer
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Adrián G Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. .,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 287, Playa Ancha, 2360102, Valparaíso, Chile.
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44
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Youssef SA, Capucchio MT, Rofina JE, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Head E. Pathology of the Aging Brain in Domestic and Laboratory Animals, and Animal Models of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:327-48. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815623997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the WHO, the proportion of people over 60 years is increasing and expected to reach 22% of total world’s population in 2050. In parallel, recent animal demographic studies have shown that the life expectancy of pet dogs and cats is increasing. Brain aging is associated not only with molecular and morphological changes but also leads to different degrees of behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Common age-related brain lesions in humans include brain atrophy, neuronal loss, amyloid plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy, vascular mineralization, neurofibrillary tangles, meningeal osseous metaplasia, and accumulation of lipofuscin. In aging humans, the most common neurodegenerative disorder is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which progressively impairs cognition, behavior, and quality of life. Pathologic changes comparable to the lesions of AD are described in several other animal species, although their clinical significance and effect on cognitive function are poorly documented. This review describes the commonly reported age-associated neurologic lesions in domestic and laboratory animals and the relationship of these lesions to cognitive dysfunction. Also described are the comparative interspecies similarities and differences to AD and other human neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, and the spontaneous and transgenic animal models of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. T. Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Torino University, Torino, Italy
| | - J. E. Rofina
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. K. Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Nakayama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E. Head
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, UK, USA
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Roychaudhuri R, Zheng X, Lomakin A, Maiti P, Condron MM, Benedek GB, Bitan G, Bowers MT, Teplow DB. Role of Species-Specific Primary Structure Differences in Aβ42 Assembly and Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1941-55. [PMID: 26421877 PMCID: PMC4844016 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of species express the amyloid β-protein (Aβ (the term "Aβ" refers both to Aβ40 and Aβ42, whereas "Aβ40" and "Aβ42" refer to each isoform specifically). Those species expressing Aβ with primary structure identical to that expressed in humans have been found to develop amyloid deposits and Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. In contrast, the Aβ sequence in mice and rats contains three amino acid substitutions, Arg5Gly, His13Arg, and Tyr10Phe, which apparently prevent the development of AD-like neuropathology. Interestingly, the brush-tailed rat, Octodon degus, expresses Aβ containing only one of these substitutions, His13Arg, and does develop AD-like pathology. We investigate here the biophysical and biological properties of Aβ peptides from humans, mice (Mus musculus), and rats (Octodon degus). We find that each peptide displays statistical coil → β-sheet secondary structure transitions, transitory formation of hydrophobic surfaces, oligomerization, formation of annuli, protofibrils, and fibrils, and an inverse correlation between rate of aggregation and aggregate size (faster aggregation produced smaller aggregates). The rank order of assembly rate was mouse > rat > Aβ42. The rank order of neurotoxicity of assemblies formed by each peptide immediately after preparation was Aβ42 > mouse ≈ rat. These data do not support long-standing hypotheses that the primary factor controlling development of AD-like neuropathology in rodents is Aβ sequence. Instead, the data support a hypothesis that assembly quaternary structure and organismal responses to toxic peptide assemblies mediate neuropathogenetic effects. The implication of this hypothesis is that a valid understanding of disease causation within a given system (organism, tissue, etc.) requires the coevaluation of both biophysical and cell biological properties of that system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Aleksey Lomakin
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Panchanan Maiti
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Margaret M. Condron
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - George B. Benedek
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael T. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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46
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Chambers JK, Tokuda T, Uchida K, Ishii R, Tatebe H, Takahashi E, Tomiyama T, Une Y, Nakayama H. The domestic cat as a natural animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:78. [PMID: 26651821 PMCID: PMC4674944 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most dominant neurodegenerative disorder that causes dementia, and no effective treatments are available. To study its pathogenesis and develop therapeutics, animal models representing its pathologies are needed. Although many animal species develop senile plaques (SP) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins that are identical to those found in humans, none of them exhibit neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and subsequent neurodegeneration, which are integral parts of the pathology of AD. Results The present study shows that Aβ accumulation, NFT formation, and significant neuronal loss all emerge naturally in the hippocampi of aged domestic cats. The NFT that form in the cat brain are identical to those seen in human AD in terms of their spatial distribution, the cells they affect, and the tau isoforms that comprise them. Interestingly, aged cats do not develop mature argyrophilic SP, but instead accumulate intraneuronal Aβ oligomers in their hippocampal pyramidal cells, which might be due to the amino acid sequence of felid Aβ. Conclusions These results suggest that Aβ oligomers are more important than SP for NFT formation and the subsequent neurodegeneration. The domestic cat is a unique animal species that naturally replicates various AD pathologies, especially Aβ oligomer accumulation, NFT formation, and neuronal loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0258-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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47
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and aging: Effects on spatial learning and memory after sleep deprivation in Octodon degus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Wang HY, Lin ZL, Yu XF, Bao Y, Cui XS, Kim NH. Computational Prediction of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease MicroRNAs in Domestic Animals. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:782-92. [PMID: 26954182 PMCID: PMC4852244 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two of the main health concerns for the elderly population. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers of infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases in humans but they have not been well studied in domestic animals. Here we describe a computational biology study in which human AD- and PD-associated miRNAs (ADM and PDM) were utilized to predict orthologous miRNAs in the following domestic animal species: dog, cow, pig, horse, and chicken. In this study, a total of 121 and 70 published human ADM and PDM were identified, respectively. Thirty-seven miRNAs were co-regulated in AD and PD. We identified a total of 105 unrepeated human ADM and PDM that had at least one 100% identical animal homolog, among which 81 and 54 showed 100% sequence identity with 241 and 161 domestic animal miRNAs, respectively. Over 20% of the total mature horse miRNAs (92) showed perfect matches to AD/PD-associated miRNAs. Pigs, dogs, and cows have similar numbers of AD/PD-associated miRNAs (63, 62, and 59). Chickens had the least number of perfect matches (34). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that humans and dogs are relatively similar in the functional pathways of the five selected highly conserved miRNAs. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for better understanding the miRNA-AD/PD associations in domestic animals, and provides guidance to generate domestic animal models of AD/PD to replace the current rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Zi Li Lin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Xian Feng Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Yuan Bao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea.,College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
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49
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Smolek T, Madari A, Farbakova J, Kandrac O, Jadhav S, Cente M, Brezovakova V, Novak M, Zilka N. Tau hyperphosphorylation in synaptosomes and neuroinflammation are associated with canine cognitive impairment. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:874-95. [PMID: 26239295 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine cognitive impairment syndrome (CDS) represents a group of symptoms related to the aging of the canine brain. These changes ultimately lead to a decline of memory function and learning abilities, alteration of social interaction, impairment of normal housetraining, and changes in sleep-wake cycle and general activity. We have clinically examined 215 dogs, 28 of which underwent autopsy. With canine brains, we performed extensive analysis of pathological abnormalities characteristic of human Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including β-amyloid senile plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) inclusions. Most demented dogs displayed senile plaques, mainly in the frontal and temporal cortex. Tau neurofibrillary inclusions were found in only one dog. They were identified with antibodies used to detect tau neurofibrillary lesions in the human brain. The inclusions were also positive for Gallyas silver staining. As in humans, they were distributed mainly in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal cortex. On the other hand, FUS and TDP43 aggregates were not present in any of the examined brain samples. We also found that CDS was characterized by the presence of reactive and senescent microglial cells in the frontal cortex. Our transcriptomic study revealed a significant dysregulation of genes involved in neuroinflammation. Finally, we analyzed tau phosphoproteome in the synaptosomes. Proteomic studies revealed a significant increase of hyperphosphorylated tau in synaptosomes of demented dogs compared with nondemented dogs. This study suggests that cognitive decline in dogs is related to the tau synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:874-895, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Aladar Madari
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Farbakova
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Kandrac
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Axon Neuroscience SE, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Brezovakova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Axon Neuroscience SE, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Axon Neuroscience SE, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, n.o., 811 02, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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50
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Mahboob S, Mohamedali A, Ahn SB, Schulz-Knappe P, Nice E, Baker MS. Is isolation of comprehensive human plasma peptidomes an achievable quest? J Proteomics 2015; 127:300-9. [PMID: 25979773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight (LMW; <10kDa)* plasma peptidome has been considered a source of useful diagnostic biomarkers and potentially therapeutic molecules, as it contains many cytokines, peptide hormones, endogenous peptide products and potentially bioactive fragments derived from the parent proteome. The small size of the peptides allows them almost unrestricted vascular and interstitial access, and hence distribution across blood-brain barriers, tumour and other vascular permeability barriers. Therefore, the peptidome may carry specific signatures or fingerprints of an individual's health, wellbeing or disease status. This occurs primarily because of the advantage the peptidome has in being readily accessible in human blood and/or other biofluids. However, the co-expression of highly abundant proteins (>10kDa) and other factors present inherently in human plasma make direct analysis of the blood peptidome one of the most challenging tasks faced in contemporary analytical biochemistry. A comprehensive compendium of extraction and fractionation tools has been collected concerning the isolation and micromanipulation of peptides. However, the search for a reliable, accurate and reproducible single or combinatorial separation process for capturing and analysing the plasma peptidome remains a challenge. This review outlines current techniques used for the separation and detection of plasma peptides and suggests potential avenues for future investigation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahboob
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - A Mohamedali
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - S B Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - E Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M S Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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