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Gaur SS, Edgehouse KJ, Klemm A, Wei P, Gurkan B, Pentzer EB. Capsules with polyurea shells and ionic liquid cores for
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capture. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samanvaya S. Gaur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | | | - Aidan Klemm
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Peiran Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Emily B. Pentzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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2
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Estabrook DA, Day RA, Sletten EM. Redox-Responsive Gene Delivery from Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions through Cleavable Poly(2-oxazoline) Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17362-17367. [PMID: 33930255 PMCID: PMC8319079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical utility of emulsions as delivery vehicles is hindered by a dependence on passive release. Stimuli-responsive emulsions overcome this limitation but rely on external triggers or are composed of nanoparticle-stabilized droplets that preclude sizes necessary for biomedical applications. Here, we employ cleavable poly(2-oxazoline) diblock copolymer surfactants to form perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions that release cargo upon exposure to glutathione. These surfactants allow for the first example of redox-responsive nanoemulsions in cellulo. A noncovalent fluorous tagging strategy is leveraged to solubilize a GFP plasmid inside the PFC nanoemulsions, whereupon protein expression is achieved selectively when employing a stimuli-responsive surfactant. This work contributes a methodology for non-viral gene delivery and represents a general approach to nanoemulsions that respond to endogenous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Estabrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rachael A Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Estabrook DA, Day RA, Sletten EM. Redox‐Responsive Gene Delivery from Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions through Cleavable Poly(2‐oxazoline) Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Estabrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E. Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Rachael A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E. Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young, Dr. E. Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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Soleimanian Y, Goli SAH, Shirvani A, Elmizadeh A, Marangoni AG. Wax‐based delivery systems: Preparation, characterization, and food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2994-3030. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Soleimanian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Sayed Amir Hossein Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Atefe Shirvani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Ameneh Elmizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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Rodier BJ, de Leon A, Hemmingsen C, Pentzer E. Polymerizations in oil-in-oil emulsions using 2D nanoparticle surfactants. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-oil emulsions are especially attractive for compartmentalized reactions with water-sensitive monomers which cannot be used with traditional oil/water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Rodier
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
| | | | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
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Rodier B, de Leon A, Hemmingsen C, Pentzer E. Controlling Oil-in-Oil Pickering-Type Emulsions Using 2D Materials as Surfactant. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1201-1206. [PMID: 35650795 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are important in numerous fields, including cosmetics, coatings, and biomedical applications. A subset of these structures, oil-in-oil emulsions, are especially intriguing for water sensitive reactions such as polymerizations and catalysis. Widespread use and application of oil-in-oil emulsions is currently limited by the lack of facile and simple methods for preparing suitable surfactants. Herein, we report the ready preparation of oil-in-oil emulsions using 2D nanomaterials as surfactants at the interface of polar and nonpolar organic solvents. Both the edges and basal plane of graphene oxide nanosheets were functionalized with primary alkyl amines and we demonstrated that the length of the alkyl chain dictates the continuous phase of the oil-in-oil emulsions (i.e., nonpolar-in-polar or polar-in-nonpolar). The prepared emulsions are stable at least 5 weeks and we demonstrate they can be used to compartmentalize reagents such that reaction occurs only upon physical agitation. The simplicity and scalability of these oil-in-oil emulsions render them ideal for applications impossible with traditional oil-in-water emulsions, and provide a new interfacial area to explore and exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Rodier
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christina Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Kim H, Kim K, Lee HR, Jo H, Jeong DW, Ryu J, Gweon DG, Choi SQ. Formation of stable adhesive water-in-oil emulsions using a phospholipid and cosurfactants. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Göke K, Lorenz T, Repanas A, Schneider F, Steiner D, Baumann K, Bunjes H, Dietzel A, Finke JH, Glasmacher B, Kwade A. Novel strategies for the formulation and processing of poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:40-56. [PMID: 28532676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low aqueous solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients presents a serious challenge in the development process of new drug products. This article provides an overview on some of the current approaches for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs with a special focus on strategies pursued at the Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering of the TU Braunschweig. These comprise formulation in lipid-based colloidal drug delivery systems and experimental as well as computational approaches towards the efficient identification of the most suitable carrier systems. For less lipophilic substances the preparation of drug nanoparticles by milling and precipitation is investigated for instance by means of microsystem-based manufacturing techniques and with special regard to the preparation of individualized dosage forms. Another option to overcome issues with poor drug solubility is the incorporation into nanospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lorenz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Alexandros Repanas
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Frederic Schneider
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Denise Steiner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Knut Baumann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan H Finke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Impact of short-chain alcohols on the formation and stability of nano-emulsions prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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YE JUN, LIU YULING, XIA XUEJUN, MENG LUHUA, DONG WUJUN, WANG RENYUN, FU ZHAODI, LIU HONGYAN, HAN RUI. Improved safety and efficacy of a lipid emulsion loaded with a paclitaxel-cholesterol complex for the treatment of breast tumors. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:399-409. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Matougui N, Boge L, Groo AC, Umerska A, Ringstad L, Bysell H, Saulnier P. Lipid-based nanoformulations for peptide delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:80-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Fluorination of an antiepileptic drug: A self supporting transporter by oxygen enrichment mechanism. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 72:8-15. [PMID: 26708322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug therapy of seizures involves producing high levels of antiepileptic drugs in the blood. Drug must enter the brain by crossing from the blood into the brain tissue, called a transvascular route (TVR). Even before the drug can reach the brain tissue, factors such as systemic toxicity, macrophage phagocytises and reduction in oxygen content limit the success of this TVR. Encapsulating the drug within a nano scale delivering system, synthesising drugs with low molecular weight are the best mechanisms to deliver the drug to the brain. But through this article, we have explored a possibility of attaching a molecule 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid (TFMBA), that possess more number of fluorine atom, to benzodiazepine (BDZ) resulting in an ionic salt (S)-(+)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine5,11(10H,11aH)-dione with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid. By this way, reducing the toxicity of BDZ than the conventional anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), increasing the solubility, reducing the melting point, enriching the TVR with excess oxygen content with the support of fluorine. With all these important prerequisites fulfilled, the drug along with the attached molecule is expected to travel more comfortably through the TVR without any external support than any other conventional AEDs. FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HRMS spectroscopy, HRTEM and In vitro cytotoxicity analysis supports this study.
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In vitro release testing methods for vitamin E nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kathe N, Henriksen B, Chauhan H. Physicochemical characterization techniques for solid lipid nanoparticles: principles and limitations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:1565-75. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.909840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jing X, Deng L, Gao B, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Ke X, Lian J, Zhao Q, Ma L, Yao J, Chen J. A novel polyethylene glycol mediated lipid nanoemulsion as drug delivery carrier for paclitaxel. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:371-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shao Y, Zhang C, Yao Q, Wang Y, Tian B, Tang X, Wang Y. Improving cabazitaxel chemical stability in parenteral lipid emulsions using cholesterol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 52:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Asumadu-Mensah A, Smith KW, Ribeiro HS. Solid Lipid Dispersions: Potential Delivery System for Functional Ingredients in Foods. J Food Sci 2013; 78:E1000-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tenambergen F, Maruiama CH, Mäder K. Dual asymmetric centrifugation as an alternative preparation method for parenteral fat emulsions in preformulation development. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ren ST, Liao YR, Kang XN, Li YP, Zhang H, Ai H, Sun Q, Jing J, Zhao XH, Tan LF, Shen XL, Wang B. The antitumor effect of a new docetaxel-loaded microbubble combined with low-frequency ultrasound in vitro: preparation and parameter analysis. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1574-85. [PMID: 23417512 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-0996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel docetaxel (DOC)-loaded lipid microbubbles (MBs) for achieving target therapy and overcoming the poor water-solubility drawback of DOC. METHODS A novel DOC-loaded microbubble (DOC + MB) was prepared by lyophilization and the physicochemical properties including ultrasound contrast imaging of the liver were measured. The anti-tumor effect of the DOC + MBs combined with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS; 0.8 Hz, 2.56 W/cm², 50% cycle duty) on the DLD-1 cancer cell line was examined using an MTT assay. RESULTS The physicochemical properties of the two tested formats of DOC + MBs (1.0 mg and 1.6 mg) was shown: concentration, (6.74 ± 0.02) × 10⁸ bubbles/mL and (8.27 ± 0.15) × 10⁸ bubbles/mL; mean size, 3.296 ± 0.004 μm and 3.387 ± 0.005 μm; pH value, 6.67 ± 0.11 and 6.56 ± 0.05; release rate, 3.41% and 12.50%; Zeta potential, -37.95 ± 7.84 mV and -44.35 ± 8.70 mV; and encapsulation efficiency, 54.9 ± 6.21% and 46.3 ± 5.69%, respectively. Compared with SonoVue, the DOC + MBs similarly enhanced the echo signal of the liver imaging. The anti-tumor effect of the DOC + MBs/LFUS group was significantly better than that of DOC alone and that of the normal MBs/LFUS groups. CONCLUSIONS The self-made DOC + MBs have potential as a new ultrasound contrast agent and drug-loaded microbubble, and can obviously enhance the antitumor effect of DOC under LFUS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Ren
- Department of Pathology and Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Agarwal P, Rupenthal ID. Injectable implants for the sustained release of protein and peptide drugs. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:337-49. [PMID: 23410799 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein and peptide macromolecules have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in recent years. However, their delivery to the target site can be challenging owing to their susceptibility to denaturation and degradation, short half-life and, therefore, poor bioavailability. In situ-forming implants present an attractive parenteral delivery platform for proteins and peptides because of their ease of application, sustained-release properties, tissue biocompatibility and simple manufacture. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms by which polymer systems assemble in situ to form implant devices for sustained release of therapeutic macromolecules, and highlight recent advances in polymer systems that gel in response to a combination of these mechanisms. Finally, we examine release mechanisms, marketed products and limitations of injectable implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Agarwal
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Semis R, Kagan S, Berdicevsky I, Polacheck I, Segal E. Mechanism of activity and toxicity of Nystatin-Intralipid. Med Mycol 2012; 51:422-31. [PMID: 23088298 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.731712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel lipid formulation of Nystatin (NYT), Nystatin-Intralipid (NYT-IL), which was found to be more active and less toxic in vitro and in vivo, was developed in our laboratory. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its biological activity. To assess mechanisms affecting fungal cells we conducted the following experiments: killing kinetics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (EM), measurements of potassium ion leakage and susceptibility in the presence of ergosterol. To study mechanisms affecting mammalian cells, we evaluated the effect of NYT-IL on a kidney cell line, with respect to viability, metabolic activity, potassium leakage and internalization of FITC-labeled human transferrin. NYT-IL exhibited killing kinetics patterns against Candida albicans similar to those of NYT and caused disruption of fungal cells and potassium ion leakage. Susceptibility tests showed that NYT-IL had lower antifungal activity in the presence of ergosterol. Thus, NYT-IL acts apparently by damaging fungal membrane, possibly through interaction with ergosterol, and maybe by additional modes of action. NYT-IL did not cause potassium leakage from mammalian kidney cells at any tested concentration and was not cytotoxic, whereas NYT, at high concentrations, led to K(+) leakage and was cytotoxic. Furthermore, the high NYT concentration interfered in the internalization process of human transferrin receptor (hTfnR) while NYT-IL did not. In summary, the Intralipid formulation of NYT diminishes the mechanisms responsible for toxicity to mammalian cells but preserves mechanisms of action against fungi, thereby suggesting superiority of NYT-IL as compared to NYT as an antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Semis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Möschwitzer JP. Drug nanocrystals in the commercial pharmaceutical development process. Int J Pharm 2012; 453:142-56. [PMID: 23000841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanosizing is one of the most important drug delivery platform approaches for the commercial development of poorly soluble drug molecules. The research efforts of many industrial and academic groups have resulted in various particle size reduction techniques. From an industrial point of view, the two most advanced top-down processes used at the commercial scale are wet ball milling and high pressure homogenization. Initial issues such as abrasion, long milling times and other downstream-processing challenges have been solved. With the better understanding of the biopharmaceutical aspects of poorly water-soluble drugs, the in vivo success rate for drug nanocrystals has become more apparent. The clinical effectiveness of nanocrystals is proven by the fact that there are currently six FDA approved nanocrystal products on the market. Alternative approaches such as bottom-up processes or combination technologies have also gained considerable interest. Due to the versatility of nanosizing technology at the milligram scale up to production scale, nanosuspensions are currently used at all stages of commercial drug development, Today, all major pharmaceutical companies have realized the potential of drug nanocrystals and included this universal formulation approach into their decision trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Möschwitzer
- Pharmaceutical Development, Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstr. 50, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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Chiang H, Huang YC, Yeh HY, Yeh SY, Huang YY. THE DRUG RELEASE FROM LIPOSOMAL CARRIER WITHIN THE CHITOSAN MATRIX. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237209001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The release and regulation of growth factors are very important in the tissue regeneration. Optimal and suitable drug carrier systems combined with scaffold are needed to be exploited. In this study, we developed an injectable scaffold incorporated with drug release system for tissue regeneration. Hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs can be encapsulated into liposomes and then dispersed in the temperature-reversible chitosan-glycerophosphate (GP) hydrogel. Experimental results show that liposomes provide excellent sustained drug release from chitosan matrix when compared with that of free drugs, especially for hydrophilic drugs. The negative charge of the liposome will complex with the positive charge of the chitosan's protonized amine group that results in controlling the drugs release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2012v081n01abeh004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Zhang J, Lv H, Jiang K, Gao Y. Enhanced bioavailability after oral and pulmonary administration of baicalein nanocrystal. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:180-8. [PMID: 21878378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of oral and pulmonary nanocrystal to enhance the bioavailability of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. So far, the nano-sized delivery system of baicalein and its pulmonary delivery have received no exploration. In the present investigation, the baicalein nanocrystal was prepared by anti-solvent recrystallization followed by high pressure homogenization. In vitro characterization was performed including particle size and distribution, Zeta potential, dissolution, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. It was indicated that no crystalline change was observed after nanocrystal preparation. The baicalein nanocrystal containing only trace of stabilizer exhibited a significantly enhanced dissolution of baicalein. In vivo test was also carried out in rats and pharmacokinetic parameters of the baicalein crystal and the baicalein nanocrystal after gavage and pulmonary administration were compared, based on the simultaneous determination of baicalein and baicalin by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean relative bioavailability of oral baicalein nanocrystal was 1.67-fold that of oral baicalein crystal. The pulmonary baicalein nanocrystal had rapid and extensive absorption and had almost identical pharmacokinetic parameters to intravenous baicalein injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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28
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Müller RH, Gohla S, Keck CM. State of the art of nanocrystals – Special features, production, nanotoxicology aspects and intracellular delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Yan F, Li X, Jin Q, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Ling T, Qiu B, Zheng H. Therapeutic ultrasonic microbubbles carrying paclitaxel and LyP-1 peptide: preparation, characterization and application to ultrasound-assisted chemotherapy in breast cancer cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:768-779. [PMID: 21458148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a novel targeted drug-loaded microbubble (MB) and to investigate its chemotherapy effect in vitro. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded lipid MBs were prepared by a mechanical vibration technique. The LyP-1, a breast tumor homing peptide, was coated onto the surface of PTX-loaded MBs through biotin-avidin linkage. The resulting targeted drug-loaded MBs were characterized and applied to ultrasound-assisted chemotherapy in breast cancer cells. Our results showed the ultrasonic MBs were able to achieve 43%-63% of drug encapsulation efficiency, depending on drug loading amount. The binding affinity assay indicated the attachment of targeted MBs to human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was highly efficient and stable even with ultrasonic irradiation on. The cellular uptake efficiency of payload in targeted MBs was 3.71-, 4.95-, 7.43- and 7.66-fold higher than that of non-targeted MBs at the applied ultrasound time of 30, 60, 90 and 120 s, respectively. In addition, the cell proliferation inhibition assay showed the cell viability of targeted PTX-loaded MBs was significantly lower than that of non-targeted PTX-loaded MBs and non-targeted unloaded MBs when ultrasound was utilized. In conclusion, the study indicated the LyP-1-coated PTX-loaded MBs significantly increased the antitumor efficacy and can be used as a potential chemotherapy approach for ultrasound-assisted breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Role of phospholipids in the oral and parenteral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Hippalgaonkar K, Majumdar S, Kansara V. Injectable lipid emulsions-advancements, opportunities and challenges. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1526-40. [PMID: 20976577 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable lipid emulsions, for decades, have been clinically used as an energy source for hospitalized patients by providing essential fatty acids and vitamins. Recent interest in utilizing lipid emulsions for delivering lipid soluble therapeutic agents, intravenously, has been continuously growing due to the biocompatible nature of the lipid-based delivery systems. Advancements in the area of novel lipids (olive oil and fish oil) have opened a new area for future clinical application of lipid-based injectable delivery systems that may provide a better safety profile over traditionally used long- and medium-chain triglycerides to critically ill patients. Formulation components and process parameters play critical role in the success of lipid injectable emulsions as drug delivery vehicles and hence need to be well integrated in the formulation development strategies. Physico-chemical properties of active therapeutic agents significantly impact pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition following intravenous administration of drug-containing lipid emulsion and hence need special attention while selecting such delivery vehicles. In summary, this review provides a broad overview of recent advancements in the field of novel lipids, opportunities for intravenous drug delivery, and challenges associated with injectable lipid emulsions.
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32
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Ganta S, Sharma P, Paxton JW, Baguley BC, Garg S. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorambucil delivered in long-circulating nanoemulsion. J Drug Target 2010; 18:125-33. [PMID: 19728787 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903244199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorambucil was incorporated into a nanoemulsion modified with poly(ethylene glycol) to improve its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution, and thus enhance its therapeutic efficacy. A long-circulating nanoemulsion (LNE) was prepared using soybean oil, egg lecithin, cholesterol and PEG(2000)DSPE. The LNE had an oil droplet size <200 nm with a surface charge of -32.2 to -35.6 mV. Approximately, 97% of the chlorambucil was encapsulated in the LNE. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of the chlorambucil LNE to C57 B/6 mice showed improved pharmacokinetic parameters with 1.4-fold higher area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and 1.3-fold longer half-life compared to a non-PEG-modified nanoemulsion, and 2.7-fold higher AUC and 7.6-fold longer half-life compared to chlorambucil solution. Tissue distribution studies after i.v. administration with LNE showed a considerable decrease in drug uptake in the reticulo-endothelial system containing organs compared to non-PEG-modified nanoemulsion. Additionally, the chlorambucil delivered in LNE significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in the subcutaneous colon-38 adenocarcinoma tumor mouse model with no apparent increase in toxicity. This study suggests that LNE could produce remarkably improved pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of chlorambucil compared to non-PEG-modified nanoemulsion and solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ganta
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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33
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Li R, Lim SJ, Choi HG, Lee MK. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System for Water-Insoluble Drugs. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2010. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2010.40.s.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative, improved and better tolerated formulation and investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of the new formulation of nimodipine (NM) compared with nimodipine ethanol solutions. Lipid microspheres (LMs) prepared using lecithin and vegetable oils have attracted a lot of interest owing to their versatile properties, such as non-immunogenicity, being easily biodegradable and exhibiting high entrapment efficiency. NM incorporated in LMs could reduce irritation by avoiding the use of ethanol as a solubilizer. The solubility of NM was also increased by dissolving it in the oil phase. The particle size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficacy and assay of the NM-loaded LMs were found to be 188.2 ± 5.4 nm, −31.6 mV, 94.2% and 1.04 mg mL−1, respectively. The preparation was stable for 1 year at 4–10°C. The formulation and some physicochemical properties of NM-loaded LMs were investigated. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were performed in rats at a dose of 1.2 mg kg−1. From the observed data, there is no obvious retention of NM-loaded LMs in plasma. Moreover, incorporation of NM in LMs did not alter the tissue distribution significantly except for the relatively greater drug accumulation in the liver and spleen. The stimulation studies demonstrate that LMs of NM reduce irritation markedly compared with NM solutions. These results suggest that the LM system is a promising option to replace NM ethanol solutions as an intravenous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Huynh L, Leroux JC, Allen C. Enhancement of docetaxel solubility via conjugation of formulation-compatible moieties. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3437-46. [PMID: 19675898 DOI: 10.1039/b906862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computer-based theoretical calculations were employed to direct the design of docetaxel conjugates with enhanced solubility in the internal phase of a nano-emulsion formulation. The theoretically-identified optimal docetaxel conjugates were synthesized by direct attachment of lauroyl moieties through an ester linkage to docetaxel. In comparison to docetaxel, the conjugates exhibited significantly improved solubility in oil, as predicted by our theoretical calculations. This contributed to high drug entrapment efficiencies (up to 97%) and a high drug loading capacity (5.7% w/w) for the docetaxel conjugates. The mono-substitution of an acyl group at C-2' of docetaxel resulted in a conjugate with 37- to 46-fold lower cytotoxicity than that of the parent drug in two human cancer cell lines. Importantly, the activity exerted by the mono-substituted docetaxel on the cancer cells was due in part to the cytotoxicity of the parent drug that was released via hydrolysis of the ester bond between the lauroyl moiety and the drug under biologically relevant conditions. In contrast, di- and tri-substitution of acyl groups at C-2', C-7 and/or C-10 of docetaxel resulted in non-hydrolysable conjugates that were found to be inactive. Overall, our results show that computer-based theoretical calculation is a promising strategy for guiding the enhancement of material-drug compatibility in formulation development. Also, these studies confirm that chemical modification of docetaxel for enhancement of material-drug compatibility should be limited to mono-substitution at C-2' and result in a prodrug that is hydrolysable at a moderate rate under biologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Huynh
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
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36
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Rosenblatt KM, Bunjes H. Poly(vinyl alcohol) as Emulsifier Stabilizes Solid Triglyceride Drug Carrier Nanoparticles in the α-Modification. Mol Pharm 2008; 6:105-20. [DOI: 10.1021/mp8000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M. Rosenblatt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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37
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Jonkman-De Vries JD, Flora KP, Bult A, Beijnen JH. Pharmaceutical Development of (Investigational) Anticancer Agents for Parenteral Use-A Review. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049609108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Patlolla RR, Vobalaboina V. Folate-targeted etoposide-encapsulated lipid nanospheres. J Drug Target 2008; 16:269-75. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860801945400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Ganta S, Paxton JW, Baguley BC, Garg S. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorambucil delivered in parenteral emulsion. Int J Pharm 2008; 360:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Constantinides PP, Chaubal MV, Shorr R. Advances in lipid nanodispersions for parenteral drug delivery and targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:757-67. [PMID: 18096269 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral formulations, particularly intravascular ones, offer a unique opportunity for direct access to the bloodstream and rapid onset of drug action as well as targeting to specific organ and tissue sites. Triglyceride emulsions, liposomes and micellar solutions have been traditionally used to accomplish these tasks and there are several products on the market using these lipid formulations. The broader application of these lipid systems in parenteral drug delivery, however, particularly with new chemical entities, has been limited due primarily to the following reasons: a) only a small number of parenteral lipid excipients are approved, b) there is increasing number of drugs that are partially or not soluble in conventional oils and other lipid solvents, and c) the ongoing requirement for site-specific targeting and controlled drug release. Thus, there is growing need to expand the array of targetable lipid-based systems to deliver a wide variety of drugs and produce stable formulations which can be easily manufactured in a sterile form, are cost-effective and at least as safe and efficacious as the earlier developed systems. These advanced parenteral lipid-based systems are at various stages of preclinical and clinical development which include nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions and polymeric phospholipid micelles. This review article will showcase these parenteral lipid nanosystems and discuss advances in relation to formulation development, processing and manufacturing, and stability assessment. Factors controlling drug encapsulation and release and in vivo biodistribution will be emphasized along with in vitro/in vivo toxicity and efficacy case studies. Emerging lipid excipients and increasing applications of injectable lipid nanocarriers in cancer chemotherapy and other disease indications will be highlighted and in vitro/in vivo case studies will be presented. As these new parenteral lipid systems advance through the clinic and product launch, their therapeutic utility and value will certainly expand.
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41
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Abstract
The drug candidates coming from combinatorial chemistry research and/or the drugs selected from biologically based high-throughput screening are quite often very lipophilic, as these drug candidates exert their pharmacological action at or in biological membranes or membrane-associated proteins. This challenges drug delivery institutions in industry or academia to develop carrier systems for the optimal oral and parenteral administration of these drugs. To mention only a few of the challenges for this class of drugs: their oral bioavailability is poor and highly variable, and carrier development for parenteral administration is faced with problems, including the massive use of surface-active excipients for solubilisation. Formulation specialists are confronted with an even higher level of difficulties when these drugs have to be delivered site specifically. This article addresses the emerging formulation designs for delivering of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Fahr
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institute for Pharmacy, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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42
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NIELLOUD F, LAGET J, FORTUNE R, MARTI-MESTRES G, MAILLOLS H. Influence du protocole opératoire sur les caractéristiques d'une émulsion L/H réalisée avec des surfactifs polymériques non ioniques. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007; 17:175-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1995.tb00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Ishii F, Nii T. Properties of various phospholipid mixtures as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in nanoparticle drug carrier preparations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 41:257-62. [PMID: 15748821 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of mixed phospholipids were examined when used as dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Synthesized phospholipids were mixed to investigate the potential effects of different hydrophilic or lipophilic groups on emulsification and dispersion. To examine the effects of the hydrophilic polar head group on the dispersing or emulsifying potency of phospholipids, l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine dimyristoyl (DMPC) and l-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine dimyristoyl (DMPE) were mixed in various ratios. Moreover, all combinations of two kinds of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) out of l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine dilauroyl (DLPC), DMPC, l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl (DPPC) and l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine distearoyl (DSPC) were tested (50:50, w/w) to examine the effects of the hydrophobic carbon chains on the dispersing or emulsifying potency of phospholipids. Mean diameters of vesicles and O/W emulsions prepared by sonication were measured. Vesicles prepared with DMPC-DMPE mixtures gave larger particle sizes than those of DMPC alone. Particle sizes of vesicles prepared with a mixture of two kinds of PCs increased when adding a PC with a longer carbon chain, while particle sizes in a mixture with a PC having a shorter carbon chain was comparable to those in pure PC. In vesicles that were generated by hydration of phospholipids and had a bilayer form, the physical form of the phospholipids consisting of bilayers was thought to be an important factor influencing particle sizes. Among the emulsions, DMPC-DMPE mixtures gave a similar droplet size to DMPC alone. Droplet size in emulsions prepared with a mixture of two kinds of PCs had a strong positive correlation with the total number of carbons, which corresponds to hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). In O/W emulsions, in which phospholipids were absorbed at water-oil interfaces and which have a single layer form, HLB was thought to be a major factor in the determination of particle size; likewise with non-ionic emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Ishii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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44
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Borowy-Borowski H, Sodja C, Docherty J, Walker PR, Sikorska M. Unique technology for solubilization and delivery of highly lipophilic bioactive molecules. J Drug Target 2005; 12:415-24. [PMID: 15621666 DOI: 10.1080/10611860412331285233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have produced a family of novel carriers enabling water solubilization of highly lipophilic molecules. The compound carriers were synthesized by conjugating polyethylene glycol to alpha-tocopherol, tocotrienols, beta-sitosterol or cholesterol via an alkanedioyl linker. These PEG- conjugates were amphiphilic and formed stable non-covalent complexes (nanomicelles) with a wide range of molecules including vitamins, carotenoids, ubiquinones, poly-unsaturated fatty acids and polyene macrolide antibiotics. The resulting formulations were water-soluble, non-toxic and had excellent stability. This solubilization method represents a major advance in the delivery of lipophilic molecules and could be used to reformulate drugs with near term patent expiry or those that have failed clinical trials due to low solubility. Furthermore, the technology could also be applied for delivery of active ingredients for dietary supplement, functional food, cosmetic and animal health industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Borowy-Borowski
- Neurogenesis and Brain Repair Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa Ont., Canada K1A 0R6
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45
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Patlolla RR, Vobalaboina V. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Etoposide Delivered in Parenteral Emulsion. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:437-45. [PMID: 15614812 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide was incorporated in an injectable parenteral emulsion, in an attempt to alter its pharmacokinetics and improve anticancer activity. Parenteral emulsion of etoposide (EPE), which remained stable over 6 months' storage, was prepared (under optimal experimental conditions) using soybean oil and phosphatidylcholine as emulsifier. The particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of EPE and commercial etoposide injectable solution (ETP) were studied in Swiss albino mice. The antitumor activity was performed on BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. The particle size distribution with polydispersity indices, zeta potential, entrapment efficacy, and assay of EPE were found to be 218.7 +/- 4.7 (0.14 +/- 0.0) nm, -53.5 +/- 0.2 mV, 75 +/- 2.1%, and 0.85 +/- 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. The EPE was stable for >6 months and drug leaching was 5.8 +/- 1.5%. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of EPE was significantly different than that of ETP. The EPE showed high AUC(0-alpha), MRT (mean residence time), and lower clearance than that of ETP. It was found that etoposide concentration was higher in liver, spleen, and lung after ETP administration when compared with EPE; however, in heart and brain, etoposide was more after EPE than that of ETP. The EPE showed lower reticuloendothelial system (liver and spleen) tissue uptake. The anticancer activity of EPE was higher in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. On the fifteenth day of transplantation, the percentage of tumor growth suppression rate was 63.23% in EPE-treated mice and 33.78% in ETP-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Patlolla
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, A.P., India 506009
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46
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Nii T, Ishii F. Properties of various phosphatidylcholines as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in microparticle preparations for drug carriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 39:57-63. [PMID: 15542341 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated characteristics of various phosphatidylcholines (PCs) used as dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Six PCs with different lengths of acyl hydrocarbon chains and different degrees of unsaturated acyl hydrocarbon chains were selected to examine influences of a lipophillic part of phosphatidylcholines in emulsion and dispersion systems. Vesicles and oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by sonication under several ambient temperature conditions. Mean diameters of vesicles and oil droplets in emulsions were measured by a submicron particle sizer. In vesicles that are generated by hydration of the PCs and have a bilayer form, particle size was influenced by length and degree of unsaturation of acyl hydrocarbon chains of a PC. PCs with shorter acyl hydrocarbon chains or unsaturated bonds are considered more potent dispersing agents. Preparation temperature of the PC is also a factor affecting potency of dispersion. In O/W emulsions in which PCs were absorbed at water-oil interfaces and which have a single layer form or liquid-crystal layer form, particle size was also influenced by length and degree of unsaturation of acyl hydrocarbon chains of a PC. PCs with shorter and saturated acyl hydrocarbon chains are considered more potent emulsifiers. Unsaturation of acyl hydrocarbon chains weaken the ability of emulsification due to vulnerable double bonds. For stable emulsions, it is considered beneficial for PCs to form small oil droplets and lamellae liquid-crystal phase. From this perspective, saturated PCs with short hydrocarbon chains, i.e., DLPC and DMPC, may have advantages in preparing a stable emulsion not only by giving a smaller droplet size but also by forming lamellae liquid-crystal phase. When considering characteristics of PCs as emulsifiers, their characteristics as dispersing agents is also useful information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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47
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Constantinides PP, Tustian A, Kessler DR. Tocol emulsions for drug solubilization and parenteral delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:1243-55. [PMID: 15109767 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tocols represent a family of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and their derivatives, and are fundamentally derived from the simplest tocopherol, 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-phytylchroman, which is referred to as "tocol". The most common tocol is D-alpha-tocopherol, also known as vitamin E. Tocols can be excellent solvents for water insoluble drugs and are compatible with other cosolvents, oils and surfactants. This review highlights the major developments in the use of tocols in parenteral emulsions for drug delivery, with a focus on drug solubilization, physicochemical properties, and biopharmaceutical applications. Tocol emulsions offer an appealing alternative for the parenteral administration of poorly soluble drugs, including major chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel. Data will be presented on solubilization of paclitaxel, a key chemotherapeutic agent, and its corresponding formulation development, toxicity, efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies in animal models and humans. The breadth of the utility of tocol-based emulsions will be discussed and examples of specific therapeutic drugs and applications will be provided. As these formulations progress further in the clinic, the therapeutic utility of tocol emulsions is anticipated to expand.
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Fukui H, Koike T, Saheki A, Sonoke S, Seki J. A novel delivery system for amphotericin B with lipid nano-sphere (LNS®). Int J Pharm 2003; 265:37-45. [PMID: 14522116 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A low-dose therapeutic system with a lipid emulsion for amphotericin B (AmB), a potent antifungal drug, was studied. Lipid nano-sphere (LNS), a small-particle lipid emulsion, was taken up by the liver to a lesser extent than was a conventional lipid emulsion. As a result, LNS yielded higher plasma concentrations of a radiochemical tracer than did the conventional lipid emulsion. LNS was therefore judged to be a suitable carrier for a low-dose therapeutic system for AmB, and LNS incorporating AmB (LNS-AmB) was prepared. LNS-AmB was found to be a homogeneous emulsion with mean particle diameters ranging from 25 to 50 nm. LNS-AmB yielded higher plasma concentrations of AmB than did Fungizone, a conventional intravenous dosage form of AmB, after intravenous administration to mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. This difference between LNS-AmB and Fungizone was also observed for constant intravenous infusion. In contrast to Fungizone, LNS-AmB showed a linear relationship between dose and AUC. These pharmacokinetic characteristics of LNS-AmB make it a suitable candidate for an effective low-dose therapeutic system for AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukui
- R&D Administration Department, Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan.
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Hosokawa T, Yamauchi M, Yamamoto Y, Iwata K, Nakamura A, Kato Y. Evaluation of the carrier potential for the lipid dispersion system with lipophilic compound. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:994-9. [PMID: 12843625 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
KW-3902 (a newly synthesized adenosine A(1)-receptor antagonist) has potent diuretic and renal protective activities and was formulated in lipid dispersion systems, i.e., lipid emulsions and liposomes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the carrier potential of these lipid dispersion systems, which is explained here as the ability of the formulation to retain the drug in its dispersed phase. The relative affinity of the drug to the formulation, K(f/b), was defined as a parameter in order to assess the performance of the formulations and was obtained from the in vitro blood component binding study. The results indicated that KW-3902 showed higher relative affinity to the liposome formulation than to the lipid emulsion. Moreover, the total amount of drug retained in the dispersion system depended on both K(f/b) and the dosing volume. The usefulness of the parameter, K(f/b), was discussed as an indicator for a carrier potential to understand the properties of the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Hosokawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Sznitowska M, Janicki S, Dabrowska EA, Gajewska M. Physicochemical screening of antimicrobial agents as potential preservatives for submicron emulsions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 15:489-95. [PMID: 12036725 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents should be added to lecithin-stabilized submicron emulsions when these preparations are non-sterile products or when packed in multidose containers. Eleven antimicrobials were introduced to a standard submicron emulsion. The emulsions were adjusted to pH 5.0 or 8.2 prior aseptic filtration or thermal sterilization, respectively. The physicochemical stability of the preparations was observed during storage for 2 years at room temperature. Parabens showed the best compatibility but satisfying stability was also observed in emulsions containing phenylethanol, m-cresol and benzalkonium chloride. Partitioning studies revealed poor correlation between aqueous solubility and content of the preservatives in the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Only 1.2% of the total content of benzalkonium chloride was found in this phase and incorporation of this compound into different microscopic structures of the emulsion is proposed as a reason for such effect. Preliminary studies on the efficacy of antimicrobial preservation was performed for emulsions containing parabens, benzalkonium chloride or chlorocresol and the negative results bring conclusion that higher concentration of antimicrobials or their combination may be required for efficient preservation of submicron emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Sznitowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Hallera 107, Poland.
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