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Wang X, Fan MJ, Yu YF, Fan XY, Chen J, Lai YF, Liu Y, Ye HY, Zhang ZY, Zhao Y, Wang YF, Xiang LH, He M, Ma Y. Acromegaly presented with acne vulgaris: a retrospective study with 123 cases. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1467-1476. [PMID: 38112910 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition. We have found that some acromegaly patients have acne. However, no study has examined the relationship between acromegaly and acne. OBJECTIVE To explore prevalence and correlation of adult acne in patients with acromegaly. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we collected questionnaires, clinical information, and laboratory test results of acromegaly patients from January 2022 to December 2022 at Huashan Hospital. Of the 133 questionnaires returned, 123 had valid responses. RESULTS Of the 123 patients with acromegaly enrolled in this study, 54.5% had adult acne. No statistically significant difference was found in prevalence between male and female patients. 61.2% of adult acne patients reported late-onset acne. Late-onset acne patients first developed acne years before acromegaly diagnosis (mean of 5.6 years for male and 4.5 years for female patients). Some acne patients have received traditional anti-acne treatment. Moreover, 31% of the patients reported no improvement, and only 3.5% of patients claimed complete resolution of acne after treatment. Before acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was 51.2%, with mild acne accounting for 73.0%, moderate acne accounting for 23.8%, and severe acne accounting for 3.2%. After acromegaly treatment, the prevalence of adult acne was significantly decreased to 37.4% (P = 0.007). An overall decrease in acne severity was noted, with 93.5%, 6.5%, and 0% having mild, moderate, and severe acne, respectively. A total of 83.6% of the patients had self-assessed acne remission, and 33.3% of the patients reported complete acne resolution. However, 9.0% of patients reported that their condition had worsened after acromegaly treatment. After treatment, GH, IGF-1, IGF-1 index, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in all patients with acromegaly (P < 0.05). Acne remission correlated positively with IGF-1 levels, but not with GH levels. The relationship between acromegaly and acne remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the high prevalence of adult acne in acromegaly patients, and a high rate of late-onset acne as well. Traditional anti-acne treatments are less effective. Acne could be considerably relieved by treating acromegaly. Acne remission positively correlated with IGF-1 decline as well, which revealed the correlation between acne and IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - M J Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Yu
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Ye
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - L H Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - M He
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Monteiro RC, Fernandes M. Are antibiotics still relevant in acne? A review of the therapeutic conundrum. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:306-310. [PMID: 37743606 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have constituted the mainstay of acne therapy despite acne being classified as an inflammatory disorder. The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics over the years has thus fueled the issue of antimicrobial resistance. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) can acquire resistance due to chromosomal mutation or genetic acquisition. C. acnes can transfer resistance to other resident flora, complicating the management of skin and soft tissue infections. It can also transfer resistant strains to other body sites and to immunocompromised and elderly patients thus putting them at risk of serious infections. Recent studies have highlighted the physiologic role of C. acnes in maintaining the normal homeostasis of the skin microbiome. The role of Malassezia in causation of acne has piqued interest in recent times. The efficacy of antibiotics in acne is attributed to their para-antibiotic, anti-inflammatory action rather than antimicrobial action. Thus, usage of low-dose antibiotics and alternatives to antibiotics has been advocated. Some alternative therapies showing efficacy in acne are probiotics, oral zinc, precision therapy using succinic acid, bacteriophages, and anti-biofilm therapy like myrtacin, topical azelaic acid, and salicylic acid. Using isotretinoin in early stages of acne can reduce the incidence of scarring and alleviate the need for antibiotics. Thus, a gradual shift from antibiotics to alternative therapies in acne is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merwyn Fernandes
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
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Danciu AM, Ghitea TC, Bungau AF, Vesa CM. The Crucial Role of Diet Therapy and Selenium on the Evolution of Clinical and Paraclinical Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:6632197. [PMID: 37790730 PMCID: PMC10545462 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6632197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and represents a complex disease association that has become a major challenge in the field of public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of introducing selenium in the management of OS, while considering a balanced diet based on a healthy lifestyle and dietary therapy. A total of 206 individuals participated voluntarily in the study, divided into three groups: the control group with 35 individuals (17.0%) designated as control lot (LC), the group undergoing diet therapy with 119 individuals (57.8%) designated as diet therapy lot (LD), and the group undergoing diet therapy supplemented with selenium consisting of 52 individuals (25.2%) designated as diet therapy with selenium lot (LD + Se). The study assessed various clinical parameters (such as body mass index (BMI), body weight status, fat mass, visceral fat, and sarcopenic index), paraclinical parameters (including HOMA index, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HGS)), as well as OS parameters (measured using the FORD test, FORT test, and MIXED test). The LD + Se group demonstrated the most favourable results in terms of BMI reduction, decreased fat and visceral mass, reduced levels of C-reactive protein, and improved glycosylated haemoglobin levels. By implementing a balanced diet therapy and supplementing the diet with selenium, it was possible to achieve a reduction in adipose tissue and glycosylated haemoglobin levels, ultimately contributing to the reduction of OS in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Marius Danciu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicine Department, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania
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4
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Bungau AF, Radu AF, Bungau SG, Vesa CM, Tit DM, Endres LM. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome in acne vulgaris: Pathogenetic connections and potential role of dietary supplements and phytochemicals. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115003. [PMID: 37315434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin condition caused by androgen-induced elevated sebum secretion, abnormal keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Current research indicates a link between acne vulgaris and the metabolic syndrome, a group of disorders that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This link is thought to be modulated by excessive concentrations of oxidative stress markers and chronic inflammation, which are included in the pathophysiological mechanisms shared by both conditions. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species damages cellular components and initiates an inflammatory response, hence promoting the development of both disorders. The current narrative review focuses on the molecular implications of inflammatory, hormonal, and environmental factors in the acne-metabolic syndrome correlation. Furthermore, it outlines the current state of knowledge related to the phyto-therapeutic approach to these conditions as an adjuvant strategy to allopathic treatment, but future multicenter and larger-scale research studies are needed establish new algorithms to be included in the future management of patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Maria Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Chen J, Zhang J, Zhu L, Qian C, Tian H, Zhao Z, Jin L, Yang D. Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil From Litsea cubeba Against Cutibacterium acnes and the Investigations of Its Potential Mechanism by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:823845. [PMID: 35308342 PMCID: PMC8924494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.823845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium generally considered as a human skin commensal, but is also involved in different infections, such as acne and surgical infections. Although there are a variety of treatments, the side effects and the problem of bacterial drug resistance still limit their clinical usage. In this study, we found that essential oil (EO) distilled from fresh mature Litsea cubeba possessed promising antibacterial activity against C. acnes. In order to elucidate its potential mechanism, bacteriostatic activity test, Live/Dead kit assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and metabolomics were employed. In addition, the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in bacterium and the activities of key enzymes involved in critical metabolic pathways were detected using a variety of biochemical assays. The results showed that EO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against C. acnes at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 800 μg/mL, and EO could destroy C. acnes morphology and inhibit its growth. Moreover, results from our study showed that EO had a significant effect on the C. acnes normal metabolism. In total, 86 metabolites were altered, and 34 metabolic pathways related to the carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, as well as cell wall and cell membrane synthesis were perturbed after EO administration. The synthesis of ATP in bacterial cells was also severely inhibited, and the activities of key enzymes of the glycolysis and Wood-Werkman cycle were significantly affected (Pyruvate Carboxylase, Malate Dehydrogenase and Pyruvate kinase activities were decreased, and Hexokinase was increased). Taken together, these results illustrated that the bacteriostatic effect of EO against C. acnes by breaking the bacterial cell morphology and perturbing cell metabolism, including inhibition of key enzyme activity and ATP synthesis. The results from our study may shed new light on the discovery of novel drugs with more robust efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longping Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunguo Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongru Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Mahant S, Sahajpal NS, Nanda S. Insights into the mechanism of Cymbopogan martinii essential oil in topical therapy of acne vulgaris. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1181-1193. [PMID: 34615379 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study investigated the essential oil of Cymbopogan martinii (palmarosa oil; PRO) as a potential topical therapy in acne vulgaris. Materials & methods: GC-MS profiling and biocompatibility studies of PRO were undertaken. The antimicrobial potential was assessed against Cutibacterium acnes. anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase activity and lipid peroxidation were also evaluated. Results: Geraniol was identified as the major phytoconstituent, and the oil was found to be safe for topical application. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were noted as 16 μl/ml. PRO reduced the cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-8 and inhibited tyrosinase. A low concentration of the oil (up to 0.5 μl/ml) produced malondialdehyde levels equivalent to that of untreated cells. Conclusion: PRO may prove useful as a natural topical agent in the management of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Nikhil S Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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7
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Mardani N, Mozafarpoor S, Goodarzi A, Nikkhah F. A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne-related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14915. [PMID: 33629414 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reduced the effectiveness of treatment with these agents. There is an increasing focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acne. This study investigates the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This systematic review was conducted through a search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Medline using keywords including acne vulgaris, anti and NAC, and all the keywords associated with each of the subtitles. The factors affecting the occurrence and expansion of acne include increased sebum synthesis, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous units, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and increased release of inflammatory mediators and ROS. Studies have shown that glutathione stimulation following the administration of NAC increases glutathione levels for the detoxification of oxygen-free radicals. Moreover, NAC prevents the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, MP9, and IL-1β and has shown antibacterial activities against important bacteria including E. coli, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. This medication has anti-proliferative effects and is also used for excoriation and PCOD. The results of the present study showed the beneficial effects of using NAC in patients with acne vulgaris in terms of the disease complications and comorbidities. Given its diverse functional mechanisms, this medication can be used to treat acne and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Mardani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mozafarpoor
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Nikkhah
- Department of Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Microbiome and Skin Conditions in Healthy Subjects-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030563. [PMID: 33803200 PMCID: PMC8000884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) is a unique strain which directly activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells, resulting in the prevention against broad spectrum of viral infection. Additionally, we found that LC-Plasma intake stimulated skin immunity and prevents Staphylococcus aureus epicutaneous infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LC-Plasma dietary supplementation on skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and skin conditions in healthy subjects. (2) Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Seventy healthy volunteers were enrolled and assigned into two groups receiving either placebo or LC-Plasma capsules (approximately 1 × 1011 cells/day) for 8 weeks. The skin microbiome was analyzed by NGS and qPCR. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and skin conditions were diagnosed by dermatologists before and after intervention. (3) Result: LC-Plasma supplementation prevented the decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pasteuri and overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes. In addition, LC-Plasma supplementation suggested to increase the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes but not tight junction genes. Furthermore, the clinical scores of skin conditions were ameliorated by LC-Plasma supplementation. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provided the insights that the dietary supplementation of LC-Plasma might have stabilizing effects on seasonal change of skin microbiome and skin conditions in healthy subjects.
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Anaba E, Ogunbiyi A, George A. Community based study of the influence of social class on the prevalence and clinical profile of adolescent facial acne vulgaris. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) 16S rRNA Genotyping of Microbial Samples from Possessions Contributes to Owner Identification. mSystems 2019; 4:4/6/e00594-19. [PMID: 31771975 PMCID: PMC6880042 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00594-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is the most common and abundant bacterial species on human skin, and the gene that encodes its 16S rRNA has multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we developed a method to efficiently determine the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition from microbial samples taken from the hands of participants and from their possessions. Using the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition, we could predict the owner of a possession with around 90% accuracy when the 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profile was included. We also showed that the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition was more stable over time than the skin microbiome profile and thus is more suitable for owner identification. The human skin surface harbors huge numbers of microbes. The skin microbiota interacts with its host and forms a skin microbiome profile that is specific for each individual. It has been reported that the skin microbiota that is left on an individual’s possessions can act as a sort of “fingerprint” and be used for owner identification. However, this approach needs to be improved to take into account any long-term instability of skin microbiota and contamination from nonspecific bacteria. Here, we took advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 16S-encoding rRNA gene of Cutibacterium acnes, the most common and abundant bacterium on human skin, to perform owner identification. We first developed a high-throughput genotyping method based on next-generation sequencing to characterize the SNPs of the C. acnes 16S rRNA gene and found that the genotype composition of C. acnes 16S rRNA is individual specific. Owner identification accuracy of around 90% based on random forest machine learning was achieved by using a combination of C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype and skin microbiome profile data. Furthermore, our study showed that the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype remained more stable over time than the skin microbiome profile. This characteristic of C. acnes was further confirmed by the analysis of publicly available human skin metagenome data. Our approach, with its high precision, good reproducibility, and low costs, thus provides new possibilities in the field of microbiome-based owner identification and forensics in general. IMPORTANCECutibacterium acnes is the most common and abundant bacterial species on human skin, and the gene that encodes its 16S rRNA has multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we developed a method to efficiently determine the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition from microbial samples taken from the hands of participants and from their possessions. Using the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition, we could predict the owner of a possession with around 90% accuracy when the 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profile was included. We also showed that the C. acnes 16S rRNA genotype composition was more stable over time than the skin microbiome profile and thus is more suitable for owner identification.
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Gong EY, Lee S, Park S, Kim KE, Kim MS, Kim D, Park HJ, Cho D. Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) enhances wound healing through collagen synthesis in acne skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disorder involving hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Multiple factors contribute to the disease, including skin microbes. The skin microbiome in the follicle is composed of a diverse group of microorganisms. Among them, Propionibacterium acnes and Malassezia spp. have been linked to acne development through their influence on sebum secretion, comedone formation, and inflammatory response. Antibiotics targeting P. acnes have been the mainstay in acne treatment for the past four decades. Among them, macrolides, clindamycin, and tetracyclines are the most widely prescribed. As antibiotic resistance becomes an increasing concern in clinical practice, understanding the skin microbiome associated with acne and the effects of antibiotic use on the skin commensals is highly relevant and critical to clinicians. In this review, we summarize recent studies of the composition and dynamics of the skin microbiome in acne and the effects of antibiotic treatment on skin microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 4339 CNSI, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 4339 CNSI, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Effects of Intradermal Radiofrequency Treatment and Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in an Acne-induced Rabbit Ear Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5056. [PMID: 30911021 PMCID: PMC6434013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common condition that can have psychologically deleterious effects. Since current treatments carry the risks of antibiotic resistance or teratogenicity, novel treatment modalities are under investigation. Our study investigated the efficacy of intradermal radiofrequency treatment (RF) and intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of acne vulgaris in a rabbit ear model. We evaluated the effectiveness of IPL, RF, and a combination treatment on cultured Cuticobacterium acnes strains in an induced rabbit ear model, according to clinical outcomes as well as histological and immunological approaches. We found that RF treatment markedly decreases papule volume, while IPL appears to have an immunomodulatory effect. In combination, the two have an additive effect in treatment. These findings suggest that combination of RF and IPL may be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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New Approach in Acne Therapy: A Specific Bacteriocin Activity and a Targeted Anti IL-8 Property in Just 1 Probiotic Strain, the L. salivarius LS03. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52 Suppl 1, Proceedings from the 9th Probiotics, Prebiotics and New Foods, Nutraceuticals and Botanicals for Nutrition & Human and Microbiota Health Meeting, held in Rome, Italy from September 10 to 12, 2017:S78-S81. [PMID: 29782471 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
GOALS The aim of this research was to assess the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus salivarius LS03 (DSM 22776) against Propionibacterium acnes and its anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting P. acnes-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. BACKGROUND Acne is the most common skin disease, causing significant psychosocial problems for those afflicted. Currently available agents for acne treatment, such as oral antibiotics, have limited use. Thus, development of novel agents to treat this disease is needed. In the generation of inflammatory lesions, proliferation of P. acnes in the obstructed follicles is critical. The administration of beneficial microorganisms represents a promising approach for treating several skin alterations and can have many favorable effects. STUDY For the inhibition assay, P. acnes was spread on Propionibacter Isolation Agar Base plates, and LS03-soaked disks were placed directly on the agar surface. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from healthy volunteers, were preincubated with phytohemagglutinin 1 μg/mL for 1 hour and stimulated with the probiotic strains for 24 hours to simulate an in vitro IL-8 release model. The IL-8 concentration in the supernatants was analyzed in duplicate using ELISA Kit. RESULTS L. salivarius LS03 exerted a significant inhibitory capacity against the target pathogen strain. This antagonistic activity was primarily ascribable to the feature of LS03 strain of secreting active bacteriocins against P. acnes. Concerning the IL-8 analysis, 3 different L. salivarius strains were able to inhibit the release of this chemokine by 10% to 25%. CONCLUSIONS L. salivarius LS03 probiotic strain could be an alternative treatment to antibiotic/anti-inflammatory therapy in subjects presenting acne vulgaris.
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15
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Dréno B, Pécastaings S, Corvec S, Veraldi S, Khammari A, Roques C. Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 Suppl 2:5-14. [PMID: 29894579 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne-associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne-associated phylotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dréno
- Department of Dermatology, CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm 1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | - S Corvec
- Department of Bacteriology, CRCINA Inserm 1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A Khammari
- Department of Dermatology, CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm 1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
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16
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Zhang Y, Feng P, Yu J, Yang J, Zhao J, Wang J, Shen Q, Gu Z. ROS-Responsive Microneedle Patch for Acne Vulgaris Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North; Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Peijian Feng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North; Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North; Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Qundong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North; Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Department of Medicine; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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17
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Giang J, Seelen MAJ, van Doorn MBA, Rissmann R, Prens EP, Damman J. Complement Activation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29713318 PMCID: PMC5911619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system, playing a crucial role in host defense against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Activation of complement results in production of several molecules mediating chemotaxis, opsonization, and mast cell degranulation, which can contribute to the elimination of pathogenic organisms and inflammation. Furthermore, the complement system also has regulating properties in inflammatory and immune responses. Complement activity in diseases is rather complex and may involve both aberrant expression of complement and genetic deficiencies of complement components or regulators. The skin represents an active immune organ with complex interactions between cellular components and various mediators. Complement involvement has been associated with several skin diseases, such as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, cutaneous vasculitis, urticaria, and bullous dermatoses. Several triggers including auto-antibodies and micro-organisms can activate complement, while on the other hand complement deficiencies can contribute to impaired immune complex clearance, leading to disease. This review provides an overview of the role of complement in inflammatory skin diseases and discusses complement factors as potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Giang
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Mattii M, Lovászi M, Garzorz N, Atenhan A, Quaranta M, Lauffer F, Konstantinow A, Küpper M, Zouboulis C, Kemeny L, Eyerich K, Schmidt-Weber C, Törőcsik D, Eyerich S. Sebocytes contribute to skin inflammation by promoting the differentiation of T helper 17 cells. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:722-730. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mattii
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
| | - M. Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - N. Garzorz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Technische Universität Munich; Munich Germany
| | - A. Atenhan
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
| | - M. Quaranta
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
| | - F. Lauffer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Technische Universität Munich; Munich Germany
| | - A. Konstantinow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Technische Universität Munich; Munich Germany
| | - M. Küpper
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
| | - C.C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - L. Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - K. Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Technische Universität Munich; Munich Germany
| | - C.B. Schmidt-Weber
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
| | - D. Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - S. Eyerich
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment; Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Biedersteinerstraße 29 80802 Munich Germany
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Ugge H, Udumyan R, Carlsson J, Andrén O, Montgomery S, Davidsson S, Fall K. Acne in late adolescence and risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1580-1585. [PMID: 29205339 PMCID: PMC5838533 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that Propionibacterium acnes may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis, but data are so far limited and inconclusive. The aim of this population-based cohort study was therefore to test whether presence of acne vulgaris during late adolescence is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer later in life. We identified a large cohort of young men born in Sweden between 1952 and 1956, who underwent mandatory assessment for military conscription around the age of 18 (n = 243,187). Test information along with health data including medical diagnoses at time of conscription was available through the Swedish Military Conscription Register and the National Patient Register. The cohort was followed through linkages to the Swedish Cancer Register to identify the occurrence of prostate cancer until December 31, 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between acne in adolescence and prostate cancer risk. A total of 1,633 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer during a median follow-up of 36.7 years. A diagnosis of acne was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for prostate cancer (adjusted HR: 1.43 95%; CI: 1.06-1.92), particularly for advanced stage disease (HR: 2.37 95%; CI 1.19-4.73). A diagnosis of acne classified as severe conferred a sixfold increased risk of prostate cancer (HR: 5.70 95% CI 1.42-22.85). Data from this large prospective population-based cohort add new evidence supporting a role of P. acnes infection in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ugge
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ruzan Udumyan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ove Andrén
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Davidsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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The use of complementary medicine among acne valguris patients: Cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY & DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdds.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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MiR-338-3p inhibits TNF-α-induced lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1343-1349. [PMID: 28597147 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To suppress TNF-α-induced lipogenesis in sebocytes (associated with acne development) with microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS TNF-α increased lipid droplet formation in sebocytes which were used as in vitro model of inflammation-induced acne. Flow cytometry and TLC assays validated that miR-338-3p could suppress TNF-α-induced lipid droplet formation, down-regulate the expression of PREX2a, and inactivate AKT signaling in sebocytes. In addition, suppression of AKT activity by the PI3 K and AKT inhibitors diminished TNF-α-induced lipogenesis. PREX2a siRNA mimics the effects of miR-338-3p on AKT phosphorylation and lipogenesis. PREX2a overexpression consistently restored lipogenesis and AKT phosphorylation attenuated by miR-338-3p. CONCLUSIONS MiR-338-3p suppresses the TNF-α-induced lipogenesis in sebocytes by targeting PREX2a and down-regulating PI3K/AKT signaling.
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22
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Kim H, Moon SY, Sohn MY, Lee WJ. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Increases the Expression of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Sebum Production in Cultured Sebocytes. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:20-25. [PMID: 28223742 PMCID: PMC5318522 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris has been linked to the Western diet. Hyperglycemic diet increases insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Deeper insights into IGF-1-mediated signal pathway are critical importance to understand the impact of Western diet. Objective We investigated the effect of IGF-1 on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes. Methods Polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure changes in the expression of inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), IGF1R, IGFBP2, sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PI3KCA) after the treatment of cultured sebocytes with 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1. Sebum production was evaluated after the treatment of cultured sebocytes with 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 using lipid analysis. Results The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in cultured sebocytes after treatment with 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 were increased. Increased gene expression levels of NF-κB in cultured sebocytes were also shown after 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 treatments. Gene expression of these inflammatory biomarkers was decreased after 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 treatment in the presence of 100 nM NF-κB inhibitor. Treatment with 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 increased the gene expression levels of IGF1R, IGFBP2, SREBP and PI3KCA in cultured sebocytes. Sebum production from cultured sebocytes treated with 10−7 M or 10−5 M IGF-1 was also increased. Conclusion It is suggestive that IGF-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of acne by increasing both expression of inflammatory biomarkers and also sebum production in sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Yeung Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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23
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Kwon TR, Choi EJ, Oh CT, Bak DH, Im SI, Ko EJ, Hong HK, Choi YS, Seok J, Choi SY, Ahn GY, Kim BJ. Targeting of sebaceous glands to treat acne by micro-insulated needles with radio frequency in a rabbit ear model. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:395-401. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Ja Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Song-I Im
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyuck Ki Hong
- Medical IT Convergence Research Center; Korea Electronics Technology Institute; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Yeon Shik Choi
- Medical IT Convergence Research Center; Korea Electronics Technology Institute; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sun Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | | | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Graduate School; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
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24
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Ozkanli S, Karadag AS, Ozlu E, Uzuncakmak TK, Takci Z, Zemheri E, Zindancı I, Akdeniz N. A comparative study of MMP-1, MMP-2, and TNF-α expression in different acne vulgaris lesions. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1402-1407. [PMID: 27421059 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many inflammatory mediators and cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris (AV). Information about the roles of these factors in the pathogenesis of the disease is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in AV lesions. We selected 80 patients who presented at our dermatology department with AV. Their lesions included papules, pustules, nodules, and comedones. Each specimen was evaluated by histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and subsequently by immunohistochemical analysis for MMP-1, MMP-2, and TNF-α antibodies. A statistically significant difference between lesion groups emerged for MMP-1 (P = 0.012) and TNF-α (P = 0.029) scores. The MMP-1 score was highest in nodules and lowest in comedones. The TNF-α score was also highest in nodules but lowest in papules. We conclude that different levels of MMP expression can contribute to the development of different types of acne lesion and that the amount of TNF-α released may contribute to lesion development. Further studies of novel treatment modalities might evaluate the different clinical types of AV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Ozkanli
- Department of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozlu
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Kevser Uzuncakmak
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zennure Takci
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazıosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ebru Zemheri
- Department of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilkin Zindancı
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Akdeniz
- Department of Dermatology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Kang D, Shi B, Erfe MC, Craft N, Li H. Vitamin B12 modulates the transcriptome of the skin microbiota in acne pathogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:293ra103. [PMID: 26109103 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various diseases have been linked to the human microbiota, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis are often poorly understood. Using acne as a disease model, we aimed to understand the molecular response of the skin microbiota to host metabolite signaling in disease pathogenesis. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that the transcriptional profiles of the skin microbiota separated acne patients from healthy individuals. The vitamin B12 biosynthesis pathway in the skin bacterium Propionibacterium acnes was significantly down-regulated in acne patients. We hypothesized that host vitamin B12 modulates the activities of the skin microbiota and contributes to acne pathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the skin microbiota in healthy subjects supplemented with vitamin B12. We found that the supplementation repressed the expression of vitamin B12 biosynthesis genes in P. acnes and altered the transcriptome of the skin microbiota. One of the 10 subjects studied developed acne 1 week after vitamin B12 supplementation. To further understand the molecular mechanism, we revealed that vitamin B12 supplementation in P. acnes cultures promoted the production of porphyrins, which have been shown to induce inflammation in acne. Our findings suggest a new bacterial pathogenesis pathway in acne and provide one molecular explanation for the long-standing clinical observation that vitamin B12 supplementation leads to acne development in a subset of individuals. Our study discovered that vitamin B12, an essential nutrient in humans, modulates the transcriptional activities of skin bacteria, and provided evidence that metabolite-mediated interactions between the host and the skin microbiota play essential roles in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Kang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Baochen Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marie C Erfe
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Noah Craft
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. UCLA-Department of Energy (DOE) Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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26
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Walsh TR, Efthimiou J, Dréno B. Systematic review of antibiotic resistance in acne: an increasing topical and oral threat. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:e23-33. [PMID: 26852728 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical and oral antibiotics are routinely used to treat acne. However, antibiotic resistance is increasing, with many countries reporting that more than 50% of Propionibacterium acnes strains are resistant to topical macrolides, making them less effective. We reviewed the current scientific literature to enable proposal of recommendations for antibiotic use in acne treatment. References were identified through PubMed searches for articles published from January, 1954, to March 7, 2015, using four multiword searches. Ideally, benzoyl peroxide in combination with a topical retinoid should be used instead of a topical antibiotic to minimise the impact of resistance. Oral antibiotics still have a role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne, but only with a topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide, or their combination, and ideally for no longer than 3 months. To limit resistance, it is recommended that benzoyl peroxide should always be added when long-term oral antibiotic use is deemed necessary. The benefit-to-risk ratio of long-term antibiotic use should be carefully considered and, in particular, use alone avoided where possible. There is a need to treat acne with effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce the likelihood of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Heath Hospital, Cardiff, UK.
| | | | - Brigitte Dréno
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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Akaza N, Akamatsu H, Numata S, Yamada S, Yagami A, Nakata S, Matsunaga K. Microorganisms inhabiting follicular contents of facial acne are not only Propionibacterium but also Malassezia spp. J Dermatol 2015; 43:906-11. [PMID: 26705192 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the relationship between major cutaneous microorganisms (Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus and Malassezia spp.) and acne vulgaris (acne), we examined the microbiota quantitatively in the follicular contents of inflammatory acne and on the facial skin of patients with acne. Fifteen Japanese untreated acne outpatients were studied. The follicular contents from inflammatory acne lesions of the face were collected using a comedo extractor. The skin surface samples were obtained by the swab method from 10 cm(2) of facial skin. The microbiota was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. The microbiota in follicular contents was similar to that on the skin surface, namely, there were large populations of Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. Moreover, the number of Malassezia spp. on the skin surface was correlated with that of inflammatory acne and that in follicular contents. This study clarified that there are large populations of Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. in follicular contents. These results suggest the possibility that not only Propionibacterium acnes but also other cutaneous resident microorganisms are related to acne. Particularly, we considered that Malassezia spp. is closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narifumi Akaza
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Numata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shunji Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Park SY, Park MY, Suh DH, Kwon HH, Min S, Lee SJ, Lee WJ, Lee MW, Ahn HH, Kang H, Lee JB, Ro YS, Ahn KJ, Kim MN, Kim KJ, Kim NI. Cross-sectional survey of awareness and behavioral pattern regarding acne and acne scar based on smartphone application. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:645-52. [PMID: 26340516 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acne scar is a permanent sequela that may be induced by improper management of active acne lesion, patient behavior patterns and awareness regarding acne are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify awareness and behavioral patterns concerning acne and acne scar of people having acne and differences between those with and without acne scars. METHODS The survey was performed via smartphone application for 900 participants in their second to fourth decade having current or previous acne lesions. They were further categorized into two groups based on the presence of acne scar (scar and scarless groups) with no statistical difference in demographic composition. RESULTS The mean age of all participants was 24.6 ± 5.3. The scar group had a longer disease duration (4.9 years) than those of the scarless group (2.2 years). Participants in the scar group thought that acne scarring affected psychosocial aspects more negatively compared with those in the scarless group. Participants in the scarless group visited dermatology clinics earlier than those in the scar group. In the scar group, 62.1% of participants have never had their acne scars treated medically. Most (88.6%) participants from both groups believed that non-dermatologic treatment caused side effects or aggravated their acne. CONCLUSIONS Participants with acne scars tended to treat their acne and acne scars improperly, which could negatively affect their daily lives. Acne scars are sequelae of acne and should be regarded as a distinct disease entity, requiring a patient's early visit to dermatologic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne and Rosacea Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Youn Park
- Department of Dermatology, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hun Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne and Rosacea Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuck Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne and Rosacea Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonguk Min
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Acne and Rosacea Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Joo Lee
- Yeonsei Star Skin and Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Suck Ro
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeung Nam Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Joong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Nack In Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Dreno B, Gollnick H, Kang S, Thiboutot D, Bettoli V, Torres V, Leyden J. Understanding innate immunity and inflammation in acne: implications for management. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29 Suppl 4:3-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Dreno
- Department of Dermato Cancerology; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| | - H.P.M. Gollnick
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Medical Faculty; Otto-Von-Guericke-Universitat; Magdeburg Germany
| | - S. Kang
- Department of Dermatology; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - D. Thiboutot
- Department of Dermatology; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey PA USA
| | - V. Bettoli
- Department of Dermatology; Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - V. Torres
- Department of Dermatology; Juarez Hospital; Mexico City Mexico
| | - J. Leyden
- Department of Dermatology; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
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Jang YH, Lee KC, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Lee WJ. HR-1 Mice: A New Inflammatory Acne Mouse Model. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:257-64. [PMID: 26082581 PMCID: PMC4466277 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no appropriate in vivo animal model that reflects the inflammatory response of human acne. Objective This study investigated the effect of Propionibacterium acnes on the development of inflammatory acne-like lesions in four mouse strains with different degrees of immune response for the development of an optimal mouse model of inflammatory acne. Methods Human P. acnes suspensions (108 and 109 colony forming unit [CFU]/µl) were injected into the backs of HR-1, BALB/c, vitamin D receptor-knockout (VDR k/o), and severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Inflammation levels were evaluated two weeks after injection of P. acnes suspensions. In addition, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the expressions of inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, LL-37, and integrin α6) were performed on tissue specimens. Results The HR-1 mouse strain exhibited the most remarkable inflammatory reaction with epithelial proliferation and microcomedone-like cyst formation. HR-1 mice also demonstrated aberrant integrin expression in the epidermis around both inflamed lesions and newly formed microcomedones. These findings were more prominent in the group receiving 109 CFU/µl P. acnes than 108 CFU/µl. MMP-9 expression in HR-1 mice was also upregulated around the microcomedone-like cysts. Finally, expression levels of TLR-2 and LL-37 were higher in HR-1 and BALB/c mice than the VDR k/o and SCID mice strains. Conclusion P. acnes induces acneiform inflammation with small microcomedones in HR-1 mice. Therefore, the HR-1 mouse strain represents a good candidate for the development of a new inflammatory acne mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyou Chae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Do Won Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Ahmad HM. Analysis of clinical efficacy, side effects, and laboratory changes among patients with acne vulgaris receiving single versus twice daily dose of oral isotretinoin. Dermatol Ther 2015; 28:151-7. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Faculty of Medicine; Minia University; Minia Egypt
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Akaza N, Akamatsu H, Numata S, Matsusue M, Mashima Y, Miyawaki M, Yamada S, Yagami A, Nakata S, Matsunaga K. Fatty acid compositions of triglycerides and free fatty acids in sebum depend on amount of triglycerides, and do not differ in presence or absence of acne vulgaris. J Dermatol 2014; 41:1069-76. [PMID: 25388081 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the influence of the fatty acid composition of sebum in acne vulgaris, we investigated the amounts and fatty acid compositions of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA), and the amounts of cutaneous superficial Propionibacterium acnes in acne patients and healthy subjects. The foreheads of 18 female patients, 10 male patients, 10 healthy females and 10 healthy males were studied in a Japanese population. There were significant differences in the amounts of sebum, TG and cutaneous superficial P. acnes, as well as the fatty acid compositions of TG and FFA between acne patients and healthy subjects in females. Their fatty acid compositions were correlated with the amount of TG with or without acne. It was clarified that the fatty acid compositions of TG and FFA depended on the amount of TG, and there were no differences in the fatty acid composition in the presence and absence of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narifumi Akaza
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris frequently occurs in the second decade of life. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in inflammation of acne by determining the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in leukocytes. Fifty-two patients with papulopustular type acne vulgaris and 36 healthy controls were enrolled. The severity of the disease was examined by the Global Acne Grading System, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) enzymes as well as the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were detected in leukocytes. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the acne group. CAT activity and TBARS level were higher in patients than controls. Only a poor correlation was detected between GSH-Px activity and severity of the disease. Antioxidative defense enzymes are impaired in papulopustular acne, and drugs with antioxidative effects might be valuable in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Basak
- Department of Dermatology, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Pornpattananangkul D, Fu V, Thamphiwatana S, Zhang L, Chen M, Vecchio J, Gao W, Huang CM, Zhang L. In vivo treatment of Propionibacterium acnes infection with liposomal lauric acids. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1322-8. [PMID: 23495239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a Gram-positive bacterium strongly associated with acne infection. While many antimicrobial agents have been used in clinic to treat acne infection by targeting P. acnes, these existing anti-acne agents usually produce considerable side effects. Herein, the development and evaluation of liposomal lauric acids (LipoLA) is reported as a new, effective and safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne infection. By incorporating lauric acids into the lipid bilayer of liposomes, it is observed that the resulting LipoLA readily fuse with bacterial membranes, causing effective killing of P. acnes by disrupting bacterial membrane structures. Using a mouse ear model, we demonstrated that the bactericidal property of LipoLA against P. acne is well preserved at physiological conditions. Topically applying LipoLA in a gel form onto the infectious sites leads to eradication of P. acnes bacteria in vivo. Further skin toxicity studies show that LipoLA does not induce acute toxicity to normal mouse skin, while benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid, the two most popular over-the-counter acne medications, generate moderate to severe skin irritation within 24 h. These results suggest that LipoLA hold a high therapeutic potential for the treatment of acne infection and other P. acnes related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dissaya Pornpattananangkul
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Analysis of complete genomes of Propionibacterium acnes reveals a novel plasmid and increased pseudogenes in an acne associated strain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:918320. [PMID: 23762865 PMCID: PMC3666418 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The human skin harbors a diverse community of bacteria, including the Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. P. acnes has historically been linked to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a common skin disease affecting over 80% of all adolescents in the US. To gain insight into potential P. acnes pathogenic mechanisms, we previously sequenced the complete genome of a P. acnes strain HL096PA1 that is highly associated with acne. In this study, we compared its genome to the first published complete genome KPA171202. HL096PA1 harbors a linear plasmid, pIMPLE-HL096PA1. This is the first described P. acnes plasmid. We also observed a five-fold increase of pseudogenes in HL096PA1, several of which encode proteins in carbohydrate transport and metabolism. In addition, our analysis revealed a few island-like genomic regions that are unique to HL096PA1 and a large genomic inversion spanning the ribosomal operons. Together, these findings offer a basis for understanding P. acnes virulent properties, host adaptation mechanisms, and its potential role in acne pathogenesis at the strain level. Furthermore, the plasmid identified in HL096PA1 may potentially provide a new opportunity for P. acnes genetic manipulation and targeted therapy against specific disease-associated strains.
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Yoon JY, Kwon HH, Min SU, Thiboutot DM, Suh DH. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Improves Acne in Humans by Modulating Intracellular Molecular Targets and Inhibiting P. acnes. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:429-40. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2152-60. [PMID: 23337890 PMCID: PMC3745799 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human skin microbiome plays important roles in skin health and
disease. However, bacterial population structure and diversity at the strain
level is poorly understood. We compared the skin microbiome at the strain level
and genome level of Propionibacterium acnes, a dominant skin
commensal, between 49 acne patients and 52 healthy individuals by sampling the
pilosebaceous units on their noses. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that while
the relative abundances of P. acnes were similar, the strain
population structures were significantly different in the two cohorts. Certain
strains were highly associated with acne and other strains were enriched in
healthy skin. By sequencing 66 previously unreported P. acnes
strains and comparing 71 P. acnes genomes, we identified
potential genetic determinants of various P. acnes strains in
association with acne or health. Our analysis suggests that acquired DNA
sequences and bacterial immune elements may play roles in determining virulence
properties of P. acnes strains and some could be future targets
for therapeutic interventions. This study demonstrates a previously unreported
paradigm of commensal strain populations that could explain the pathogenesis of
human diseases. It underscores the importance of strain level analysis of the
human microbiome to define the role of commensals in health and disease.
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Hong JS, Jung JY, Yoon JY, Suh DH. Acne treatment by methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy with red light vs. intense pulsed light. Int J Dermatol 2012; 52:614-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Archer CB, Cohen SN, Baron SE. Guidance on the diagnosis and clinical management of acne. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37 Suppl 1:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pazoki-Toroudi H, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Ajami M, Jaffary F, Aboutaleb N, Nassiri-Kashani M, Firooz A. Combination of azelaic acid 5% and clindamycin 2% for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2011; 30:286-91. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2011.581257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Effectiveness of antimicrobial formulations for acne based on orange (Citrus sinensis) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L) essential oils. BIOMÉDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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An JS, Kim JE, Lee DH, Kim BY, Cho S, Kwon IH, Choi WW, Kang SM, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC. 0.5% Liposome-encapsulated 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for acne treatment. J COSMET LASER THER 2011; 13:28-32. [PMID: 21250791 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2011.552613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been successful in treating acne vulgaris, but sun avoidance for at least 48 hours after treatment is necessary due to the risk of post-treatment photosensitivity. Recently, a lower concentration of liposome-encapsulated 5-ALA was introduced to minimize this risk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposome-encapsulated 0.5% 5-ALA in the photodynamic therapy of inflammatory acne and its effects on sebum secretion in Asian skin. METHODS Thirteen Korean subjects with inflammatory acne were administered 0.5% ALA spray before photoradiation treatment. Photoradiation was performed at 3.5-6.0 J/cm(2) three times during each of two visits, performed 2 weeks apart. Improvement of acne was evaluated subjectively and objectively based on the Korean Acne Grading System. Sebum secretion was measured quantitatively at each visit. RESULTS The mean reduction in acne grade at the end of the treatment was 43.2%. Of the patients, 69.2% reported improvements in subjective skin oiliness, but fewer showed objective reductions in sebum secretion as determined by the Sebumeter® SM10. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy using liposome-encapsulated 0.5% 5-ALA improved inflammatory acne with minimal side effects in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Soo An
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Ko Y, Park YK, Kim NI, Ha WK, Cho Y. Dietary effect of lactoferrin-enriched fermented milk on skin surface lipid and clinical improvement of acne vulgaris. Nutrition 2010; 26:902-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pazoki-Toroudi H, Nassiri-Kashani M, Tabatabaie H, Ajami M, Habibey R, Shizarpour M, Babakoohi S, Rahshenas M, Firooz A. Combination of azelaic acid 5% and erythromycin 2% in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2010; 21:212-6. [PMID: 20394495 DOI: 10.3109/09546630903440064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acne vulgaris is a common problem, particularly among adolescents, which is usually resistant to monotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of azelaic acid (AA) 5% and erythromycin 2% gel (AzE) compared with AA 20% or erythromycin 2% gels in facial acne vulgaris. METHODS We conducted a 12-week, multicenter, randomized double-blind study on 147 patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. Four treatment group were determined (placebo, erythromycin, AA and AzE) and followed in 4-week intervals for 12 weeks, except the placebo group which was changed to routine treatment after 4 weeks. RESULTS The combination of AA 5% and erythromycin 2% gel significantly reduced the number of papules, pustules and comedones compared with placebo (p < 0.001), erythromycin 2% (p < 0.01) or AA 20% (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects observed in patients treated with AzE (27%) was less than that with erythromycin 2% (54%) and AA 20% (45%). CONCLUSIONS The combination of AA 5% and erythromycin 2% produced more potent therapeutic effects in comparison with erythromycin 2% or AA 20% alone, and with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Richter JR, Bousema MT, Boulle KD, Degreef H, Poli F. Efficacy of a fixed clindamycin phosphate 1.2%, tretinoin 0.025% gel formulation (Velac) in the topical control of facial acne lesions. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639809161377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Akaza N, Akamatsu H, Kishi M, Mizutani H, Ishii I, Nakata S, Matsunaga K. Effects of Propionibacterium acnes on various mRNA expression levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. J Dermatol 2009; 36:213-23. [PMID: 19348660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is one of the most significant pathogenic factors of acne vulgaris. This bacteria relates to acne by various pathways. It has also been reported that P. acnes influences pro-inflammatory cytokine production in keratinocytes in vitro. However, the influence on the differentiation of keratinocytes by P. acnes has not been studied extensively. We analyzed the expression of keratinocyte differentiation-specific markers, keratins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) exposed to P. acnes in vitro. All P. acnes strains used in this study increased transglutaminase (TGase), keratin 17 (K17) and interleukin (IL) mRNA expression levels in NHEK, and decreased K1 and K10 expression levels. Some P. acnes strains increased involucrin and K6 mRNA expression levels in NHEK and decreased filaggrin, K6 and K16 expression levels in vitro. This experiment clarified that P. acnes influences the differentiation of NHEK in vitro. As a result, P. acnes influenced the expression of not only pro-inflammatory cytokines but also some keratinocyte differentiation-specific markers and keratins in NHEK. Our results suggest that P. acnes relates to acne pathogenesis by not only the induction of inflammation but also in the differentiation of keratinocytes. Moreover, it was considered that the reaction of NHEK to P. acnes may be different depending on the type of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narifumi Akaza
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Mascaro
- Department of Dermatology at Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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Leyden JJ, Gans EH. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effectsin vivoof Triaz® Gel (benzoyl peroxide special gel), Cleocin-T® Lotion (clindamycin phosphate lotion), and Azelex® Cream (azelaic acid cream) in humans. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639709160296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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