1
|
Schampel A, Volovitch O, Koeniger T, Scholz CJ, Jörg S, Linker RA, Wischmeyer E, Wunsch M, Hell JW, Ergün S, Kuerten S. Nimodipine fosters remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis and induces microglia-specific apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3295-E3304. [PMID: 28381594 PMCID: PMC5402421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620052114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous interest in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, there is still a lack of neuroprotective strategies, because the main focus has remained on modulating the immune response. Here we performed in-depth analysis of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in in vitro studies regarding the effect of the well-established L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine. Nimodipine treatment attenuated clinical EAE and spinal cord degeneration and promoted remyelination. Surprisingly, we observed calcium channel-independent effects on microglia, resulting in apoptosis. These effects were cell-type specific and irrespective of microglia polarization. Apoptosis was accompanied by decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in cell culture as well as decreased iNOS and reactive oxygen species levels in EAE. In addition, increased numbers of Olig2+APC+ oligodendrocytes were detected. Overall, nimodipine application seems to generate a favorable environment for regenerative processes and therefore could be a treatment option for MS, because it combines features of immunomodulation with beneficial effects on neuroregeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schampel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Volovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Koeniger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- The Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jörg
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Institute of Physiology, Molecular Electrophysiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marie Wunsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lindsay RW, Heaton JT, Edwards C, Smitson C, Hadlock TA. Nimodipine and acceleration of functional recovery of the facial nerve after crush injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:49-52. [PMID: 20083741 DOI: 10.1001/archfacial.2009.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, accelerates or otherwise improves functional recovery of whisking after facial nerve crush injury in the rat. METHODS Thirty rats underwent exposure of the left main trunk of the facial nerve followed by a standard crush injury and subsequent quantitative facial movement testing. Animals were randomized into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Four days prior to facial nerve manipulation, experimental animals underwent subcutaneous implantation of a nimodipine-secreting pellet. All animals were tested preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 8 to 17, 20, 22, 24, and 31 using a validated, quantitative whisking kinematics apparatus. Whisks were analyzed for amplitude, velocity, and acceleration. RESULTS Animals receiving nimodipine demonstrated significantly better whisking on 5 days (postoperative days 9, 11 to 13, and 20) compared with control animals (P < .001, P = .003, P = .009, P = .009, and P = .009, respectively; 1-tailed ttest). Overall, the nimodipine-treated animals showed earlier recovery compared with the untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that nimodipine improves recovery of whisking after facial nerve crush. This finding corroborates the semiquantitative findings of others, and provides complete whisking kinematic data on its effects. Given the low adverse effect profile of nimodipine, there may be clinical implications in its administration in patients experiencing facial nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Lindsay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lindsay RW, Heaton JT, Edwards C, Smitson C, Hadlock TA. Nimodipine and Acceleration of Functional Recovery of the Facial Nerve
After Crush Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1001/archfaci.2009.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W. Lindsay
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Lindsay and Hadlock and Mssrs Edwards and Smitson), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Heaton); and Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lindsay)
| | - James T. Heaton
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Lindsay and Hadlock and Mssrs Edwards and Smitson), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Heaton); and Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lindsay)
| | - Colin Edwards
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Lindsay and Hadlock and Mssrs Edwards and Smitson), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Heaton); and Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lindsay)
| | - Christopher Smitson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Lindsay and Hadlock and Mssrs Edwards and Smitson), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Heaton); and Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lindsay)
| | - Tessa A. Hadlock
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Lindsay and Hadlock and Mssrs Edwards and Smitson), Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Heaton); and Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Lindsay)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Foster TC. Regulation of synaptic plasticity in memory and memory decline with aging. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 138:283-303. [PMID: 12432775 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(02)38083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Foster
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foster TC. Involvement of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in age-related memory decline. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1999; 30:236-49. [PMID: 10567726 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the functional significance of Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic plasticity in relation to compromised memory function during aging. Research characterizing an age-related decline in memory for tasks that require proper hippocampal function is summarized. It is concluded that aged animals possess the mechanisms necessary for memory formation, and memory deficits, including rapid forgetting, result from more subtle changes in memory processes for memory storage or maintenance. A review of experimental studies concerning changes in hippocampal neural plasticity over the course of aging indicates that, during aging, there is a shift in mechanisms that regulate the thresholds for synaptic modification, including Ca(2+) channel function and subsequent Ca(2+)-dependent processes. The results, combined with theoretical considerations concerning synaptic modification thresholds, provide the basis for a model of age-related changes in hippocampal synaptic function. The model is employed as a foundation for interpretation of studies examining therapeutic intervention in age-related memory decline. The possible role of altered synaptic plasticity thresholds in learning and memory deficits suggests that treatments that modify synaptic plasticity may prove fruitful for the development of early therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS-305 UKMC, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meyer RC, Spangler EL, Kametani H, Ingram DK. Age-associated memory impairment. Assessing the role of nitric oxide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 854:307-17. [PMID: 9928439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several neurotransmitter systems have been investigated to assess hypothesized mechanisms underlying the decline in recent memory abilities in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Examining the performance of F344 rats in a 14-unit T-maze (Stone maze), we have focused on the muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate (Glu) systems and their interactions. Maze learning is impaired by antagonists to mACh or NMDA receptors. We have also shown that stimulation of mACh receptors can overcome a maze learning deficit induced by NMDA blockade, and stimulation of the NMDA receptor can overcome a similar blockade of mACh receptors. No consistent evidence in rats has been produced from our laboratory to reveal significant age-related declines in mACh or NMDA receptor binding in the hippocampus (HC), a brain region that is greatly involved in processing of recent memory. Thus, we have directed attention to the possibility of a common signal transduction pathway, the nitric oxide (NO) system. Activated by calcium influx through the NMDA receptor, NO is hypothesized to be a retrograde messenger that enhances presynaptic Glu release. Maze learning can be impaired by inhibiting the synthetic enzyme for NO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or enhanced by stimulating NO release. However, we have found no age-related loss of NOS-containing HC neurons or fibers in rats. Additionally, other laboratories have reported no evidence of an age-related loss of HC NOS activity. In a microdialysis study we have found preliminary evidence of reduced NO production following NMDA stimulation. We are currently working to identify the parameters of this phenomenon as well as testing various strategies for safely stimulating the NO system to improve memory function in aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Meyer
- Nathan W. Shock Laboratories, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is thought to play a key role in aging and neuropathology resulting in memory deficits. Several forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity are dependent on Ca2+, providing a potential link between altered Ca2+ homeostasis and memory deficits associated with aging. The current study reviews evidence for Ca2+ dysregulation during aging which could interact with Ca(2+)-dependent synaptic plasticity. The authors suggest that changes in Ca2+ regulation could adjust the thresholds for synaptic modification, favoring processes for depression of synaptic strength during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Foster
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barnes CA, Rao G, Shen J. Age-related decrease in the N-methyl-D-aspartateR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential in hippocampal region CA1. Neurobiol Aging 1997; 18:445-52. [PMID: 9330977 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic fast synaptic transmission is known to be altered with age in a region-specific manner in hippocampus of memory-impaired old rats. In the present experiment, presynaptic fiber potentials and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR) and NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in CA1 were compared in three ages of behaviorally characterized male F-344 rats. In the CA1 region, old rats showed approximately equivalent reductions in non-NMDAR- and NMDAR-excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes for a given size of presynaptic fiber potential. There was no change in magnitude of the presynaptic response itself at any stimulus level. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a reduction in the number of Schaffer collateral synapses per presynaptic axon. This pattern of results in CA1 is very different from what is known to occur at the perforant path-granule cell synapse. In fascia dentata the non-NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential is increased in amplitude, although the NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential is reduced for a given presynaptic input. These data suggest that age-related functional alterations in neurotransmitter receptor subtypes occur differentially between closely-related anatomical subregions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Barnes
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kelly JF, Roth GS. Chapter 9 Changes in Neurotransmitter Signal Transduction Pathways in the Aging Brain. THE AGING BRAIN 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(08)60059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Johnson M, Perry RH, Piggott MA, Court JA, Spurden D, Lloyd S, Ince PG, Perry EK. Glutamate receptor binding in the human hippocampus and adjacent cortex during development and aging. Neurobiol Aging 1996; 17:639-51. [PMID: 8832639 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(96)00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Distinct patterns of age-related alterations in NMDA (MK801 binding) and non-NMDA, AMPA (CNQX), and kainate binding have been identified in human hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in normal individuals with no evidence of degenerative brain disease ranging in age from 24 gestational weeks to 94 years. Whereas MK801 binding did not alter substantially over this age range, CNQX binding rose from low levels in the fetus to maximum levels between neonate and middle age, and kainate binding declined extensively from the perinatal to adult stage. Following maturity, there were no significant changes in kainate binding, although MK801 binding increased in CA1 and CA3 and CNQX binding declined in several regions, particularly CA2 and subiculum. For each receptor binding the timing of these fluctuations ocurring during development and aging varied within different regions of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex examined. The transient peaks of receptor binding are likely to reflect processes of synaptogenesis and pruning and may provide clues regarding the role of the different glutamate receptor subtypes in various pathologies of the hippocampus and adjacent cortex associated with developmental disorders (of genetic origin or due to perinatal trauma or insult). The absence of substantial changes in any subtype examined from middle to old age suggests alterations in transmitter binding to these glutamate receptors are not involved in senescent neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Johnson
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|