1
|
Xie J, Zhang G, Wu Q, Luo M, Chen D, Zhang Y, He L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Lin T, Jiang G. First evidence and potential sources of novel brominated flame retardants and BDE 209 in the deepest ocean. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130974. [PMID: 36860051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic anthropogenic pollutants reach even the deepest parts of the oceans, i.e., the hadal trenches. We here presented the concentrations, influencing factors, and potential sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in hadal sediments and amphipods from the Mariana, Mussau and New Britain trenches. Results showed that BDE 209 was the dominant PBDEs congener and DBDPE was the dominant NBFRs. No significant correlation was found between TOC contents and PBDEs or NBFRs levels in sediment. Lipid content and body length were the potential important factors affecting variation in pollutant concentrations in the carapace & muscle of amphipods, while the pollution levels of viscera were mainly affected by the sex and lipid content. PBDEs and NBFRs might reach trench surface seawater through long-range atmospheric transport and oceans currents but with little contribution from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Determination of carbon and nitrogen isotopes indicated that the pollutants were transported and accumulated in amphipods and sediment via different pathways. PBDEs and NBFRs in the hadal sediments were generally transported via the settling of sediment particles of either marine or terrigenous origin whereas in amphipods they accumulated via feeding on animal carrion through the food web. This is the first study reporting on BDE 209 and NBFR contaminations in hadal settings and provide new insight on influencing factors and sources of PBDEs and NBFRs in the deepest oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Duofu Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lisheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Havermans C, Sonet G, d’Udekem d’Acoz C, Nagy ZT, Martin P, Brix S, Riehl T, Agrawal S, Held C. Genetic and morphological divergences in the cosmopolitan deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus reveal a diverse abyss and a bipolar species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74218. [PMID: 24086322 PMCID: PMC3783426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurythenes gryllus is one of the most widespread amphipod species, occurring in every ocean with a depth range covering the bathyal, abyssal and hadal zones. Previous studies, however, indicated the existence of several genetically and morphologically divergent lineages, questioning the assumption of its cosmopolitan and eurybathic distribution. For the first time, its genetic diversity was explored at the global scale (Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans) by analyzing nuclear (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) sequence data using various species delimitation methods in a phylogeographic context. Nine putative species-level clades were identified within E. gryllus. A clear distinction was observed between samples collected at bathyal versus abyssal depths, with a genetic break occurring around 3,000 m. Two bathyal and two abyssal lineages showed a widespread distribution, while five other abyssal lineages each seemed to be restricted to a single ocean basin. The observed higher diversity in the abyss compared to the bathyal zone stands in contrast to the depth-differentiation hypothesis. Our results indicate that, despite the more uniform environment of the abyss and its presumed lack of obvious isolating barriers, abyssal populations might be more likely to show population differentiation and undergo speciation events than previously assumed. Potential factors influencing species' origins and distributions, such as hydrostatic pressure, are discussed. In addition, morphological findings coincided with the molecular clades. Of all specimens available for examination, those of the bipolar bathyal clade seemed the most similar to the 'true' E. gryllus. We present the first molecular evidence for a bipolar distribution in a macro-benthic deep-sea organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Havermans
- Direction Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Gontran Sonet
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric d’Udekem d’Acoz
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Martin
- Direction Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saskia Brix
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute c/o Biocentrum Grindel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Riehl
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute c/o Biocentrum Grindel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shobhit Agrawal
- Section Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Section Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bidleman TF, Stern GA, Tomy GT, Hargrave BT, Jantunen LM, Macdonald RW. Scavenging amphipods: sentinels for penetration of mercury and persistent organic chemicals into food webs of the deep Arctic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5553-5561. [PMID: 23627492 DOI: 10.1021/es304398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Archived specimens of the scavenging amphipod Eurythenes gryllus, collected from 2075 to 4250 m below the surface on five expeditions to the western and central Arctic Ocean between 1983 and 1998, were analyzed for total mercury (∑Hg), methyl mercury (MeHg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other industrial or byproduct organochlorines (chlorobenzenes, pentachloroanisole, octachlorostyrene), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Median ∑Hg concentrations ranged from 70 to 366 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww). MeHg concentrations (3.55 to 23.5 ng g(-1) ww) accounted for 1.7 to 20.1% (median 3.7%) of ∑Hg. ∑Hg and MeHg were positively and significantly correlated with ww (∑Hg r(2) = 0.18, p = 0.0004, n = 63; MeHg r(2) = 0.42, p = 0.0004, n = 25), but not significantly with δ(13)C nor δ(15)N. Median concentrations of total persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ranged from 9750 to 156,000 ng g(-1) lipid weight, with order of abundance: ∑TOX (chlorobornanes quantified as technical toxaphene) > ∑PCBs > ∑DDTs > ∑chlordanes > ∑mirex compounds > ∑BDEs ∼ ∑chlorobenzenes ∼ octachlorostyrene > α-hexachlorocyclohexane ∼ hexachlorobenzene ∼ pentachloroanisole. Enantioselective accumulation was found for the chiral OCPs o,p'-DDT, cis- and trans-chlordane, nonachlor MC6 and oxychlordane. Lipid-normalized POPs concentrations were elevated in amphipods with lipid percentages ≤10%, suggesting that utilization of lipids resulted in concentration of POPs in the remaining lipid pool. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis using log-transformed physiological variables and lipid-normalized organochlorine concentrations distinguished amphipods from the central vs western arctic stations. This distinction was also seen for PCB homologues, whereas profiles of other compound classes were more related to specific stations rather than central-west differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry F Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sainte-Marie B, Lamarche G. The diets of six species of the carrion-feeding lysianassid amphipod genusAnonyxand their relation with morphology and swimming behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00364827.1985.10420624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Thoen HH, Johnsen G, Berge J. Pigmentation and spectral absorbance in the deep-sea arctic amphipods Eurythenes gryllus and Anonyx sp. Polar Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-010-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Determining the diets of marine invertebrates by gut content analysis is problematic. Many consumed organisms become unrecognizable once partly digested, while those with hard remains (e.g. diatom skeletons) may bias the analysis. Here, we adapt DNA-based methods similar to those used for microbial diversity surveys as a novel approach to study the diets of macrophagous (the deep-sea amphipods Scopelocheirus schellenbergi and Eurythenes gryllus) and microphagous (the bivalve Lucinoma aequizonata) feeders in the deep sea. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in conjunction with 'universal' primers amplified portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene for animals ingested by S. schellenbergi and E. gryllus and the 18S rRNA gene for lesser eukaryotes ingested by L. aequizonata. Amplified sequences were combined with sequences from GenBank to construct phylogenetic trees of ingested organisms. Our analyses indicate that S. schellenbergi, E. gryllus and L. aequizonata diets are considerably more diverse than previously thought, casting new light on the foraging strategies of these species. Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this technique and its potential applicability to diet analyses of other invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Blankenship
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr. 0208, La Jolla CA 92093, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith K, Kaufmann R, Edelman J, Baldwin R. Abyssopelagic fauna in the central North Pacific: comparison of acoustic detection and trawl and baited trap collections to 5800 m. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90094-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Acoustic detection and tracking of abyssopelagic animals: description of an autonomous split-beam acoustic array. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Smith K. Short time-series measurements of particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption in the North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Population biology of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus: inferences from instar analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Genetic differentiation of seamount and basin populations of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Carey AG, Boudrias MA. Feeding ecology of Pseudalibrotus (=Onisimus) litoralis kröyer (Crustacea: Amphipoda) on the Beaufort Sea inner continental shelf. Polar Biol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00297161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Charmasson SS, Calmet DP. Distribution of scavenging Lysianassidae amphipods Eurythenes gryllus in the northeast Atlantic: comparison with studies held in the Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Baldwin R, Smith K. Temporal variation in the catch rate, length, color and sex of the necrophagous amphipod, Eurythenes gryllus, from the central and eastern North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Wilson RR, Smith KL, Rosenblatt RH. Megafauna associated with bathyal seamounts in the central North Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(85)90007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
17
|
Laver M, Olsson M, Edelman J, Smith K. Swimming rates of scavenging deep-sea amphipods recorded with a free-vehicle video camera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(85)90067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|