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Soundravally R, Hoti SL. Immunopathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome: role of TAP and HPA gene polymorphism. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:973-9. [PMID: 18191725 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of dengue infection such as dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) could be attributed to host genetic factors. The transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes are polymorphic genes located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region and are essentially involved in class I antigen presentation. Therefore, these genes might grant susceptibility to severe dengue infection. Hence, the aim of the study was to type the TAP1 gene (using amplification refraction mutation system [ARMS] polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and HPA1 and HPA2 gene polymorphism (by PCR-sequence specific primers) in different clinical spectrums of dengue infection. The study included 100 controls and 91 DF, 75 DHF, and 32 DSS patients. The results revealed that the frequencies of valine at TAP1 333 and HPA 1b at HPA1 were increased among DHF and DSS, respectively, in comparison to controls (p <0.05). The frequency of genotype TAP1 333 ILE/VAL (61.3%) was significantly higher in DHF compared with control (37%, p = 0.005) or DF (38.9%, p = 0.007) patients. A significantly greater proportion of DHF patients demonstrated HPA1a/1a and HPA 2a/2b genotypes than DF patients. DSS patients were more likely to be heterozygous at HPA1 than DHF (OR = 4.75, p = 0.003). A positive correlation existed between TAP1 333 and HPA1 in DHF (p = 0.017, r = 0.229). This first report on TAP and HPA gene polymorphism in dengue suggested that the heterozygous pattern at the TAP1 333 locus and HPA1a/1a and HPA2a/2b genotypes confer susceptibility to DHF and the HPA1a/1b genotype was determined to be a genetic risk factor for DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soundravally
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
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2
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Chen R, Wang T, Chen W, Tsai C, Tsai F. Association between the TAP2 gene codon 665 polymorphism and Graves' disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2006; 20:93-7. [PMID: 16721835 PMCID: PMC6807603 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 95 patients with active Graves' disease (GD) and 105 normal healthy subjects were enrolled in this study, which attempted to determine whether single-site polymorphisms of the transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) gene contribute to an individual's susceptibility to GD. Such polymorphisms were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis. Associations between GD and the three site polymorphisms of the TAP2 gene at codons 379, 565, and 665 were investigated. The results of the genotype analysis revealed that the frequency of the GG homozygote's presence at codon 665 was lower, and that of the AA homozygote's presence was greater in GD patients (15.8% and 36.8%, respectively) compared to normal controls (34.3% and 16.2%, respectively; P<0.001). The OR (OD) for the risk of occurrence for the AA homozygote and AG heterozygote compared to the GG homozygote (as was the case for the GD patients) was respectively 4.941 and 2.117, with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.303-10.598 and 1.020-4.369. The allelic analysis also demonstrated reduced G and enhanced A allele frequencies for GD patients compared to controls (respectively 39.5% vs. 59.0% [G allele], and 60.5% vs. 41.0% [A allele]; P=0.0001; OR=2.219, 95% CI: 1.449-3.395). By contrast, the differences between patient and control groups for the frequency of appearance of genotypes and allelic variants at codon 379 (P=0.522 and P=0.306, respectively) and codon 565 (P=0.199 and P=0.157, respectively) did not appear to be significant. These data reveal that the single-site polymorphism of the TAP2 gene at codon 665 may be an indicator for predicting GD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Hsing Chen
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze‐Yuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Chi Chen
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang‐Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu‐Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lindqvist AK, Lähdetie J, Tienari PJ, Wikström J, Palo J, Allen M, Peltonen L, Gyllensten U. Mapping of the HLA Class II Susceptibility Haplotype for Multiple Sclerosis in Finland. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kanagawa S, Morinobu A, Koshiba M, Kageyama G, Hayashi N, Yoshino S, Tokano Y, Hashimoto H, Kumagai S. Association of the TAP2*Bky2 allele with presence of SS-A/Ro and other autoantibodies in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2003; 12:258-65. [PMID: 12729048 DOI: 10.1191/0961203303lu344oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a new allele of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 2 gene, TAP2*Bky2 (Val577), was significantly increased in Japanese patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and had a strong association with SS-A/Ro antibody production. In the present study, it was investigated whether the association of TAP2*Bky2 with SS-A/Ro antibody production was also found in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes were determined in 114 Japanese SLE patients by the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. The allele frequencies of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes in SLE patients were not significantly different from those in controls, although the allele frequency of TAP2*Bky2 was slightly higher in SLE patients than in healthy control subjects (9.2% vs 5.5%, P = 0.126). The allele frequency of TAP2*Bky2 was significantly higher in SLE patients with oral ulcers than in those without. It was noteworthy that TAP2*Bky2 was significantly associated with the appearance of not only SS-A/Ro antibody but also SS-B/La, nRNP, and Sm antibodies in the patients. The association of TAP2*Bky2 was found with the antibody production to both 60 and 52kDa SS-A/Ro antigens. As TAP2*Bky2 had a strong linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*08032, TAP2*Bky2 or its haplotype with DRB1*08032 may be involved in SS-A/Ro antibody production not only in SS but also SLE patients, indicating that TAP2*Bky2 may be a susceptible gene not only to the disease of SS but also to the SS-A/Ro autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanagawa
- Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Penfornis A, Yan G, Shi L, Faustman DL. Polymorphisms of human TAP2 detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:156-67. [PMID: 12507827 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) genes are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region of the genome and encode proteins that form a heterodimer essential for the transport of endogenous peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with HLA class I molecules. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is associated with the HLA region of the genome, with HLA class II genes conferring the greatest statistical risk. The presentation of self-peptides by HLA class I molecules is defective in individuals with this disease, and both TAP1 and TAP2 are potential contributors to this defect. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied to screen all 11 exons and the 3' flanking region of TAP2 for polymorphisms in individuals with type 1 diabetes patients and controls. Seventy polymorphisms, including 51 in introns, 4 in the 3' flanking region, and 15 in exons, were identified. Sequencing of polymorphic DNA fragments revealed several new polymorphisms, including a Gln --> Arg substitution at codon 611 and a GT --> GC polymorphism affecting the donor splice site of intron 4, that might be of functional significance. None of the polymorphisms examined differed in frequency between individuals with type 1 diabetes and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Penfornis
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Balladares S, Alaez C, Pujol J, Duran C, Navarro JL, Gorodezky C. Distribution of TAP gene polymorphisms and extended MHC haplotypes in Mexican Mestizos and in Seri Indians from northwest Mexico. Genes Immun 2002; 3:78-85. [PMID: 11960305 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2001] [Revised: 11/14/2001] [Accepted: 11/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The study of the genetic structure is very useful for investigating the biological significance of polymorphism and may provide clues to understand population origins. We present TAP1/TAP2 gene analysis in the Seri indians from Sonora, and in Mestizos from the highlands of Mexico. Thirty-two Seri and 89 Mestizos were studied. TAP genes were typed using the ARMS-PCR technique. The most frequent alleles in Seri were: TAP1*0101/02, (68.8%); TAP1*02011/02012, (31.2%); TAP2*0201, (38.7%) and TAP2*0101, (29.0%). TAP1*0301, TAP1*0401, TAP2*0102 TAP2*0103 and TAP2H were absent in them. For Mestizos, the prevalent alleles were: TAP1*0101/02 (75.8%); TAP1*02011/12 (20.3%); TAP2*0101 (45.4%) and TAP2*0201 (29.3%). These results are similar to those found in Kaingang and Caucasians from Brazil, four Mediterranean, other Caucasians, two Oriental and one African group. In Seri, the extended prevalent haplotypes are typically Amerindian, such as TAP1*0101/2-TAP2*0201-QBP3.21-DQB1*0302-QAP*3.1-DQA1*03011-DRB1*0407-B*3501-A*0201 (HF = 16.6%). Thirty-two extended haplotypes were found in Seri, although TAP contributed scarcely to diversity. Mestizos show Amerindian and Caucasian combinations. No difference was detected in the distribution of amino acids in the individual variable sites, between both groups. These findings are the basis for further anthropological studies and to explore the contribution of TAP genes to disease expression in Mexicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balladares
- Department of Immunogenetics, Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (InDRE) SSA, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA from rat intestine revealed the expression of a novel ABC transporter, TAPL (TAP-like). Subsequently, the protein sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA carrying the entire coding region. TAPL is transcribed ubiquitously in various rat tissues. The protein, with 762 amino acid residues, has potential transmembrane domains, and an ATP-binding domain in its amino and carboxyl terminal regions, respectively, and is highly homologous to TAP1 and TAP2 (transporters associated with antigen presentation/processing): pairwise comparisons with TAPL demonstrated 39 and 41% of the residues are identical, respectively. These numerical values are essentially the same as that for TAP1 and TAP2 (39%), and the hydropathy profiles of TAPL, TAP1 and TAP2 are quite similar. The similarity among these three proteins suggests that they could be derived from a common ancestral gene. Furthermore, we found that there is a potential splicing isoform, sharing the amino terminal 720 amino acid residues of TAPL.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/chemistry
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Biological Transport
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Nandi D, Marusina K, Monaco JJ. How do endogenous proteins become peptides and reach the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1998; 232:15-47. [PMID: 9557392 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-72045-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Nandi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
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9
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Momburg F, Hämmerling GJ. Generation and TAP-mediated transport of peptides for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Adv Immunol 1998; 68:191-256. [PMID: 9505090 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Momburg
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex genetic trait. Analyses to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to MS have primarily focused on candidate genes, either in family linkage investigations or in association (linkage disequilibrium) studies in sporadic cases and control subjects. Most of the candidate genes considered to date either influence immune function or encode structural myelin proteins. Recently, three preliminary whole genomic surveys were completed, and they reveal multiple loci of possible genetic linkage that are worthy of further study. No convincing evidence for a single strong locus has emerged from analysis of the three studies. Linkage promises to focus the future choice of candidate genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Hogancamp
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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11
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Kumagai S, Kanagawa S, Morinobu A, Takada M, Nakamura K, Sugai S, Maruya E, Saji H. Association of a new allele of the TAP2 gene, TAP2*Bky2 (Val577), with susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1997; 40:1685-92. [PMID: 9324024 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780400919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the polymorphisms of TAP (transporters associated with antigen processing) genes among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in order to clarify the potential association of the polymorphisms with disease susceptibility. METHODS Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 genes in 108 Japanese SS patients were determined by analyzing TAP genes using the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism technique. RESULTS The allelic frequency of the TAP1 gene was not significantly different between SS patients and normal subjects. In addition to all known TAP2 alleles, a new allele (Bky2), which had a unique substitution at codon 577 (ATG-->GTG: Met-->Val), was identified in both groups. The allelic frequency of Bky2 was significantly higher in SS patients (12.0%) than in normal subjects (5.1%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significantly greater frequency of SS-A antibody was found among SS patients with Bky2 (18 of 23; 78%) than among those without Bky2 (33 of 85; 39%) (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The mutation in TAP2 (Val577) may be involved in SS-A autoantibody production and could be a genetic factor that determines susceptibility to SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumagai
- Kobe University Medical School, Japan
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12
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Ma L, Penfornis A, Wang X, Schoenfeld D, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Metcalfe K, Hitman G, Faustman D. Evaluation of TAP1 polymorphisms with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Finnish diabetic patients. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Hum Immunol 1997; 53:159-66. [PMID: 9129974 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease with a strong association between disease and the HLA class II region. Because abnormal antigen processing, in part characterized by altered class I processing, has been identified in patients with IDDM, the TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) genes located in the HLA class II region make attractive candidate genes for IDDM. Five coding region variants of TAP1 were typed in a cohort of well characterized Finnish patients with diabetes (n = 119) and compared to racially marched control subjects (n = 92). We found that although no single TAP1 polymorphism was associated with IDDM, a genotypic combination of Ile/Val at codon 333 with Asp/Asp at codon 637 was found more frequently in subjects with IDDM (9.4%) compared to controls (1.2%; p = 0.025). This could not be accounted for by an association with any particular haplotype defined by class I or class II serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA
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Abstract
The complete sequence of the yeast genome predicts the existence of 29 proteins belonging to the ubiquitous ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Using binary comparison, phylogenetic classification and detection of conserved amino acid residues, the yeast ABC proteins have been classified in a total of six clusters, including ten subclusters of distinct predicted topology and presumed distinct function. Study of the yeast ABC proteins provides insight into the physiological function and biochemical mechanisms of their human homologues, such as those involved in cystic fibrosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, multidrug resistance and the antiviral activity of interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Decottignies
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Rajalingam R, Singal DP, Mehra NK. Transporter associated with antigen-processing (TAP) genes and susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1997; 49:168-72. [PMID: 9062973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have studied TAP polymorphism in a panel of 40 healthy individuals, 57 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 50 with tuberculoid (TT) leprosy from North India. Only TAP2-A/F occurred with a significantly increased frequency in PTB patients as compared to controls (82.5% vs. 52.5%, P < 0.002, Pc < 0.01) giving a high relative risk of 4.3. On the other hand, TAP2-B was significantly increased in TT leprosy as compared to controls (76% vs. 47.5%, Pc < 0.003, RR 3.5) particularly in patients positive for HLA-DR15 than controls carrying DR15 (77.5% vs. 50%, P < 0.03, RR = 3.4). Further, TAP2-B allele was positively associated with DR15 negative PTB patients as compared to the DR15 positive group (43.8% vs. 17.1%, P < 0.04, RR = 0.3). This study along with our earlier studies on HLA association in mycobacterial diseases suggests that in addition to HLA-DR15 alleles in the TAP2 region influence susceptibility to PTB and TT leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajalingam
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ibsen SN, Clausen J. A repetitive DNA sequence 5' to the human myelin basic protein gene may be linked to MS in Danes. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 93:236-40. [PMID: 8739431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The myelin basic protein (MBP) gene is a candidate locus for disease susceptibility in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study a part of the tetranucleotide (TGGA)n repeat polymorphism 5' to the MBP gene was examined in 90 Danish MS patients and 106 controls. Lymphocyte DNA was isolated and used in PCR assay. The PCR fragments produced were separated by agarose and acrylamide electrophoresis. Hereby we found three different bandpatterns i.e. a homozygote with a 450 bp fragment, a homozygote with a fragment 375 bp and a heterozygote with both bands present. The 450 bp fragment occurred significantly more often among MS than in the control group and the 375 bp fragment was underrepresented among MS than in the control group. The differences between incidence of the three band pattern in the MS and the control group were significant different at 1% level. Our study thus indicate that there is an association between MS and a length polymorphism of the 5' end to the MBP gene in Danish MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Ibsen
- Department for Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, Denmark
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16
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Zipp F, Weber F, Huber S, Sotgiu S, Czlonkowska A, Holler E, Albert E, Weiss EH, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R. Genetic control of multiple sclerosis: increased production of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by HLA-DR2+ T cells. Ann Neurol 1995; 38:723-30. [PMID: 7486863 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410380506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin (LT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is associated with the HLA-DR2, Dw2, DQ6 HLA class II haplotype. Because both LT and TNF-alpha are encoded in the HLA region, the HLA association of MS may be related to the production of these cytokines. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the production of LT, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by CD4+ T-cell lines (TCLs) specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) or tetanus toxoid (TT) isolated from MS patients and normal controls. After stimulation with specific antigen but not mitogen, TCLs from HLA-DR2+ donors produced significantly more LT and TNF-alpha than TCLs from DR2- donors. In contrast, HLA-DR2+ and DR2- TCLs did not differ in the production of IFN-gamma, a cytokine also produced by T cells but not encoded in the HLA region. Increased secretion of LT and TNF-alpha was unrelated to the specificity (MBP vs TT), MHC restriction (HLA-DR2 vs other DR molecules), or source (MS vs normal) of the TCLs. There was no significant association of the cytokine production with individual LT or TNF-alpha alleles, indicating that the increased production of these cytokines may be linked to other polymorphic genes in this region. The results suggest that the association of MS with HLA-DR2 implies a genetically determined propensity of T cells to produce increased amounts of LT and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zipp
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute, Martinstried, Germany
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Obst R, Armandola EA, Nijenhuis M, Momburg F, Hämmerling GJ. TAP polymorphism does not influence transport of peptide variants in mice and humans. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:2170-6. [PMID: 7664780 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) delivers cytosolic peptides to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for presentation by MHC class I molecules. For the rat, it has been demonstrated that TAP polymorphism results in the selection of different sets of peptides, the nature of the C terminus being of particular importance. Here, we investigated whether TAP polymorphism in mice and humans has functional consequences for transport of peptide sets variable at the C-terminal residues. Using cell lines of H-2d, H-2k, and H-2dxk haplotype and a panel of human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing eight different TAP alleles, we detected species-specific transport patterns, but no significant influence of TAP polymorphism on peptide selection. In addition, peptides with different core sequences were translocated to the same extent by different TAP. These results suggest that a major contribution of human TAP polymorphism to disease progression and autoimmunity is not very likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Obst
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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