1
|
Bhardwaj R, Kumar L, Chhabra D, Mohanty S, Sharma A, Mehra NK, Kochupillai V. Effect of fetal liver condition media derived cytokines(IL-6 and Flt-3) on human bone marrow stem cells colony formation. Cytokine 2022; 153:155863. [PMID: 35339859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier research from our laboratory demonstrated the presence of stimulatory activity of different growth factors in the fetal liver (FL) extracts when collected in a medium known as fetal liver conditioned medium (FLCM) using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In the present study, we have assessed two other cytokines viz. IL-6 and FMS like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt-3) with the help of bioneutralization assay. FLCM was prepared by incubating fetal liver cells with Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10% Phytohemagglutinin and collected after 24hrs, 48hrs, 72 hrs. and on the 7th day of incubation. Clonal cultures were established for 1 X 105 normal bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (NBM MNC) per plate with methylcellulose medium containing cytokines SCF and EPO. Mean Colony forming units-granulocytes, erythrocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes (CFU-GEMM) were assessed with and without the addition of FLCM. It was found that FLCM enhanced the number of colonies made by NBM MNCs. Further, cytokines IL-6 and Flt-3, present in FLCM, were bioneutralized with respective anti-cytokine antibodies. Neutralized FLCM was evaluated for the colony-forming potential of CFU-GEMM colonies. The maximum reduction of 42% was seen with 20 ng/ml of anti-IL-6 antibody. Maximum suppression up to 20% was observed with 0.7 ng/ml of anti Flt-3 antibody for CFU-GEMM colonies. Presence of cytokines IL-6 and Flt-3 in FL extracts and their colony stimulatory activity suggests that fetal liver infusion (FLI) may be a valuable alternative for managing BM recovery in certain clinical conditions such as AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Chhabra
- Sri Sri Institute For Advanced Research (SSIAR), Ved Vignan Maha Vidhya Peeth (VVMVP), Bangalore, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - N K Mehra
- Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kochupillai
- Sri Sri Institute For Advanced Research (SSIAR), Ved Vignan Maha Vidhya Peeth (VVMVP), Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mehra NK, Baranwal AK. Clinical and immunological relevance of antibodies in solid organ transplantation. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:351-368. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Mehra
- National Chair and Former Dean (Research); All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - A. K. Baranwal
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar N, Kaur G, Kanga U, Mehra NK, Neolia SC, Tandon N, Zucman SC. CTLA4+49G allele associates with early onset of type 1 diabetes in North Indians. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:445-52. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kumar
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - G. Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - U. Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - N. K. Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. C. Neolia
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - N. Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. C. Zucman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1149; Hôpital Robert Debre; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar N, Kaur G, Kanga U, Tandon N, Caillat-Zucman S, Mehra NK. Association of PTPN22+1858C/T polymorphism with Type 1 diabetes in the North Indian population. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:318-23. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kumar
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - G. Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - U. Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - N. Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. Caillat-Zucman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1149; Hôpital Robert Debre; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - N. K. Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Guleria S, Jain S, Dinda AK, Mahajan S, Gupta S, Mehra NK. The short-term impact of protocol biopsies in a live-related renal transplant program using tacrolimus based immunosuppression. Indian J Nephrol 2013; 23:253-8. [PMID: 23960339 PMCID: PMC3741967 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of protocol biopsies in a live-related renal transplant program using tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in the short term. Eighty-three live-related transplant recipients were randomly allocated to protocol biopsy group (Group I, n = 40) and a control group (Group II, n = 43). Other immunosuppressants in these groups consisted of either mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine and steroids. Protocol biopsies were conducted in biopsy group at 1, 6, and 12 months post-transplant. The non-biopsy group was followed by serial serum creatinine and biopsies in them were conducted as and when clinically indicated. Both groups were analyzed at 12 months with respect to graft function and survival. The two groups were similar with respect to age, number of dialysis pre-operatively, tacrolimus levels, induction therapy, donor age, and donor glomerular filtration rate. Forty protocol biopsies were conducted at 1 month, 31 at 6 months, and 26 at 12 months. The prevalence of sub-clinical rejection at 1, 6, and 12 months in these biopsies was 17.5%, 11.2%, and 10.3%, respectively. The prevalence of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity during same period was 15%, 15.5%, and 14.4%, respectively. The cumulative rejection rate in Group I and Group II at 12-month follow-up was 10.3% and 11.3% (P = 0.78), respectively, and cumulative calcineurin inhibitor toxicity at 12 months was 14.4% and 9.3% (P = 0.59), respectively, were not statistically significant. There was no difference in graft survival and function at 1 year. Protocol biopsies have a limited role in a well-matched renal transplant program with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in the short term. However, the long-term impact of protocol biopsies needs further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Guleria
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Been LF, Hatfield JL, Shankar A, Aston CE, Ralhan S, Wander GS, Mehra NK, Singh JR, Mulvihill JJ, Sanghera DK. A low frequency variant within the GWAS locus of MTNR1B affects fasting glucose concentrations: genetic risk is modulated by obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:944-951. [PMID: 21558052 PMCID: PMC3155734 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two common variants (rs1387153, rs10830963) in MTNR1B have been reported to have independent effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels with increased risk to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this investigation, we report the association of these two variants, and an additional variant (rs1374645) within the GWAS locus of MTNR1B with FBG, 2h glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA IR), β-cell function (HOMA B), and T2D in our sample of Asian Sikhs from India. Our cohort comprised 2222 subjects [1201 T2D, 1021 controls]. None of these SNPs was associated with T2D in this cohort. Our data also could not confirm association of rs1387153 and rs10830963 with FBG phenotype. However, upon stratifying data according to body mass index (BMI) (low ≤ 25 kg/m(2) and high > 25 kg/m(2)) in normoglycemic subjects (n = 1021), the rs1374645 revealed a strong association with low FBG levels in low BMI group (β = -0.073, p = 0.002, Bonferroni p = 0.01) compared to the high BMI group (β = 0.015, p = 0.50). We also detected a strong evidence of interaction between rs1374645 and BMI with respect to FBG levels (p = 0.002). Our data provide new information about the significant impact of another MTNR1B variant on FBG levels that appears to be modulated by BMI. Future confirmation on independent datasets and functional studies will be required to define the role of this variant in fasting glucose variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Been
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J. L. Hatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C. E. Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - S. Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - G. S. Wander
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N. K. Mehra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - J. R. Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - J. J. Mulvihill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - D. K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Advanced DNA level studies based on HLA class II sequence analysis have revealed considerable diversity in HLA among Asian Indians. High resolution typing of specific alleles such as DR2 and DR4 in the HLA class II region by PCR-SSP or SSOP hybridization and their associated DR-DQ haplotypes have helped to detect unique haplotypes and novel alleles which have subsequently been confirmed by sequencing. Incidentally, remarkable stability has been maintained in several other DRB1 alleles viz. DR1, DR7, DR9 and DR10. The ARMS-PCR technology has been found to be particularly useful for typing HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-Cw alleles. These technologies are far superior over serological methods. Our studies have shown remarkable heterogeneity of common HLA-A and B alleles in Asian Indians. Molecular subtyping of HLA-A2 revealed that subtype A(*)0211 is found only in Indian population and may be the result of selection pressure in this population. Investigations into polymorphism in the HLA-B27 gene revealed that subtypes common both to the western caucasians and orientals occur in the Indian population. It is apparent that the population of the Indian subcontinent, placed as it is between the Caucasoids and Negroids on one hand and Australoids and Mongoloids on the other, provides a rich source of many HLA haplotypes. While the most frequent Caucasian haplotypes occur with a reasonable frequency in Asian Indians, those found predominantly in other ethnic groups (e.g., australian Aborigines and populations of Oceania, China and Japan) are also detected. Knowledge on this is most important for donor selection during organ and bone marrow transplantation and for designing MHC targeted vaccines in specific diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Mehra
- Department of Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehra NK. Defining genetic architecture of the populations in the Indian subcontinent: Impact of human leukocyte antigen diversity studies. Indian J Hum Genet 2011; 16:105-7. [PMID: 21206695 PMCID: PMC3009418 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.73394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110 029, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
We report our experience and long-term outcome of pediatric renal transplantation at a referral center in New Delhi. During 1995-2008, 45 transplants were performed in 43 patients at a mean age of 13.3 ± 4.0 (range 3.8-18) yr. The chief causes for ESRD were reflux nephropathy, obstructive uropathy, vasculitis, renal dysplasia, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Most (91.1%) donors were living related. Post-transplant immunosuppression comprised prednisolone, a calcineurin inhibitor and azathioprine or MMF. AR and CR were seen in 14 (31.1%) and 12 (26.7%) allografts, respectively. Predictors of CR were unsatisfactory compliance and multiple episodes of AR (p = 0.002 each). Urinary infections (n = 13), septicemia (4), tuberculosis (4), CMV disease (7), viral hepatitis (7), and pneumonia (3) were important causes of morbidity. Two patients each had lymphoproliferative disease and new-onset diabetes. There were eight (17.8%) graft losses and six (14%) deaths. The one-, five- and 10-yr graft survivals were 91.1%, 80.4% and 75.1%, respectively; the mean graft survival was 119.4 ± 8.38 months. The respective patient survivals were 95.3%, 87.9%, and 76.9% at one-, five- and 10 yr. Our results affirm that despite scarcity of resources and frequent infections, long-term outcomes of pediatric renal transplantation are highly satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kanga U, McWhinnie AJ, Mourya M, Shaw BE, Madrigal JA, Mehra NK. A novel HLA-DPB1 allele, DPB1*125:01, identified by sequence-based typing in an Indian individual. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:85-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Najmi N, Kaur G, Sharma SK, Mehra NK. Human Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile influence susceptibility and severity of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Asian Indian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:102-9. [PMID: 20403143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4 896 A/G (Asp299Gly) and 1196 C/T (Thr399Ile) have been reported to influence TLR4 function and the innate host immune response to mycobacteria. We investigated the effect of these single nucleotide polymorphisms on susceptibility and severity of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Asian Indian population. A significantly increased frequency of TLR4 Asp299Gly mutation was observed in the patient group (17%) as compared with healthy controls [8.8%, chi(2) = 10.7, P = 0.001,odds ratio (OR ) = 2.1]. On the other hand, the TLR4 Thr399Ile mutation occurred with comparable frequencies in the two groups (12.6% among patients and 9% in healthy controls). The PTB patients were categorized on the basis of their bacillary load as 3+, 2+, 1+, negative and on the extent of lung involvement as having minimal, moderate, and far-advanced lung disease. The 299Gly mutant occurred in homozygous state (GG) only in patients with high bacillary load (3+) and those with far-advanced lung disease. Similarly, the mutant 399Ile was significantly pronounced in these patients in the homozygous state (TT). The present data suggest that TLR4 substitutions at residues 299 and 399 are associated with pulmonary TB, particularly, the most severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Najmi
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jain S, Guleria S, Dinda AK, Mahajan S, Bhowmik D, Gupta S, Agarwal SK, Tiwari SC, Gupta A, Bansal VK, Panigarhi A, Mehra NK. To assess the impact of protocol biopsies in tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in a live related renal transplant program. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
14
|
Panigrahi A, Shidhiki J, Margoob A, Bhowmik D, Guleria S, Mehra NK. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker to predict Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) in Renal Transplant allografts. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
15
|
Mehra NK, Singh M. Genetic Susceptibility Parameters in Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009. [DOI: 10.5005/jp/books/10992_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Panigrahi A, Shidhiki J, Margoob A, Bhowmik D, Dash SC, Guleria S, Mehta SN, Mehra NK. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker to predict Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) in Renal Transplant allografts. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(12)60021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
18
|
Panigrahi A, Shidhiki J, Rai A, Margoob A, Bhowmik D, Dash SC, Guleria S, Mehta SN, Mehra NK. Humoral Immune Response Mediated by Antidonor, Anti HLA and MICA Antibody Repertoire is Associated with Renal Allograft Rejection. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(12)60022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
19
|
Sanghera DK, Nath SK, Ortega L, Gambarelli M, Kim-Howard X, Singh JR, Ralhan SK, Wander GS, Mehra NK, Mulvihill JJ, Kamboh MI. TCF7L2 polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in Khatri Sikhs from North India: genetic variation affects lipid levels. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:499-509. [PMID: 18397358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the transcription factor-7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been identified as the most important type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility gene. Common intronic polymorphisms in this gene have been found to be strongly associated with T2DM susceptibility showing marked reproducibility in multiple populations. The purpose of this study was to confirm the reported association of six TCF7L2 variants in a Khatri Sikh diabetic sample from North India. We genotyped six-associated SNPs in a case-control sample consisting of 556 T2DM cases and 537 controls. We also examined the impact of these variants on body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, and glucose and lipid levels. We report replication of association of four of the six SNPs with T2DM in this Khatri Sikh sample [rs7903146, (p = 0.010); rs11196205, (p = 0.011); rs10885409, (p = 0.002) and rs4918789, (p = 0.029)], under a dominant model conferring odds ratios (ORs) of 1.39, 1.44, 1.57 and 1.36, respectively. Haplotype analysis provided further evidence of association by showing a significant difference between cases and controls as revealed by the global omnibus test (chi(2)= 19.36; p = 0.0036). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed the risk allele carriers of three of four significant SNPs (rs7903146, rs11196205, rs10885409) to be significantly associated with increased fasting total cholesterol (p value = 0.019, 0.025, 0.006) and LDL cholesterol levels (p value = 0.021, 0.018, 0.005), respectively. Our findings confirm that the TCF7L2 gene is a major risk factor for development of T2DM in Khatri Sikhs. It also provides new information about the significant impact of TCF7L2 gene variants on plasma cholesterol levels that appear to be independent of BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Savithrisowmya S, Singh M, Kriplani A, Agarwal N, Mehra NK, Bhatla N. Assessment of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage by Flow Cytometry and Kleihauer-Betke Test in Rh-Negative Pregnancies. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2007; 65:84-8. [PMID: 17878734 DOI: 10.1159/000108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of flow cytometry (FC) in the detection and quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in comparison to the Kleihauer-Betke test (KBT). METHODS 25 unsensitized Rh-negative mothers who had delivered Rh-positive infants were included. Presence of FMH was determined by KBT and FC using FITC-labeled BRAD-3 antibodies. RESULTS FMH was detected in 19 (76%) patients by FC and 23 (92%) patients by KBT prior to delivery, and in 21 (84%) patients by FC and 23 (92%) patients by KBT after delivery. The mean volume of FMH in the post-delivery samples by KBT and FC were 0.34 +/- 0.26 ml (range 0.05-1.2 ml) and 0.37 +/- 0.57 ml (range 0.02-2.6 ml) respectively. The volume of post-delivery FMH estimated by KBT and FC correlated well (r = 0.75; ICC alpha = 0.73). A higher agreement between KBT and FC was seen in the 0.1-0.5 ml range (kappa = 0.65; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Both manual KBT and FC using FITC-BRAD-3 antibodies show good sensitivity in detecting and quantifying fetal red cells. There is a good correlation between the methods in the 0.1- to 0.5-ml range of FMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Savithrisowmya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaur G, Singh P, Kumar N, Rapthap CC, Sharma G, Vajpayee M, Wig N, Sharma SK, Mehra NK. Distribution of CCR2 polymorphism in HIV-1-infected and healthy subjects in North India. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:153-6. [PMID: 17504503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of V64I in CCR2 relates to delayed progression to AIDS and protects against HIV-1 infection. We examined the distribution of V64I in HIV-infected and healthy North Indian subjects. No significant difference in the allele or genotype distribution of CCR2 V64I polymorphism was observed, indicating that there is no association between CCR2 V64I polymorphism and susceptibility to HIV infection in North Indian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
A major limitation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the availability of a genetically matched donor, particularly with respect to the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-linked immune response genes located on chromosome 6 in humans. During the last 5 years, a total of 688 patients requiring HSCT underwent HLA testing in our department to identify a matched donor from their families. The sibship size ranged from 1 to > or =5 in all disease categories, except thalassemia major where the majority of patients had only 1 sibling. Family genotype analysis revealed that 39.3% of the total number of patients had an HLA-matched sibling and that families with sibship size of > or =4 had a higher probability (68.8%) compared with those with sibship size of < or =3 (29.7%). Because the Indian population is characterized by the presence of novel HLA alleles and unique haplotypes (HLA-A*0211, B*2707, A*26-B*08-DRB1*03), patients with rare HLA alleles have much less probability of finding an unrelated optimally matched donor than those with common HLA phenotypes. Smaller family size and unique HLA profile are limitations that can be overcome by developing unrelated volunteer marrow donor registries. The Asian Indian Donor Marrow Registry at our institute is regularly providing services to such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panigrahi A, Gupta N, Siddiqui JA, Margoob A, Bhowmik D, Guleria S, Mehra NK. Monitoring of anti-HLA and anti-Major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A antibodies in living related renal donor transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:759-60. [PMID: 17445592 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken with the aim to analyze the clinical relevance of posttransplant anti-HLA and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A (MICA) antibodies in response to living related donor renal transplantation. A total of 185 consecutive post-renal transplant recipient serum samples were analyzed for the detection of anti-HLA and MICA antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay techniques. Patients carrying both anti-HLA as well as anti-MICA antibodies (MICA(+)/HLA(+)) were the worst affected, showing significantly poorer graft survival compared with the MICA-/HLA-negative group (17% vs 89%, chi(2) = 19.63, P = .000). Similarly, patients with only MICA antibodies or those with only HLA antibodies also had significantly lower graft survival (P = .035 and P = .001, respectively) as compared to the nonsensitized group. The study illustrated that posttransplant monitoring antibodies to both MICA as well as HLA could be good predictors of renal allograft failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Several lines of evidence highlight the genetic basis of risk to develop mycobacterial diseases. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 alleles (DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502) have been found to be strongly associated with mycobacterial disease, especially the more severe forms such as lepromatous leprosy and multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. In this study, DNA-based high-resolution typing techniques of polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe were used to determine the distribution of HLA-DR/DQ alleles in patients with leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Analysis of different DR2 subtypes based on valine/glycine dimorphism at codon beta86 in pocket 1 of HLA-DR showed an inverse relationship of DR2 alleles with V/G as the severity of disease increased both in leprosy and in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The 'MHC and Infection' study of the 14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of specific variants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes that are specifically associated with higher probabilities of infection, disease severity, and progression in different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaur G, Singh M, Mehra NK. 14th IHIWS MHC and Infection Study: summary and conclusions. Tissue Antigens 2007; 69 Suppl 1:243-4. [PMID: 17445211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.773_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
International collaborative efforts through histocompatibility workshops have helped greatly in collating useful data on interpopulation differences in genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial and viral infections. These are imperative in exploring the genetic basis of disease pathogenesis and host resistance. Because infectious diseases involve multigenic complex traits, several genetic variants contribute modifying effects on the disease but disease outcome depends on the net relative hazards of individual genetic loci taken together. Further because occurrence of genetic variants varies in a population-specific manner, it becomes even more complicated to show genetic influences across populations. For this, large study cohorts representing different ethnicities are needed. Information thus gained could lead to the development of more effective vaccine design to combat or diminish the emergence of pathogenic multidrug resistant forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morahan G, Kaur G, Singh M, Rapthap CC, Kumar N, Katoch K, Mehra NK, Huang D. Association of variants in theIL12Bgene with leprosy and tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69 Suppl 1:234-6. [PMID: 17445208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.773_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a great range in outcomes after mycobacterial infections, and this is probably due to individual variation in immune responses. One of the key cytokine regulators of the immune response is interleukin (IL-) 12. The IL12B gene encodes the p40 chain of both IL-12 and IL-23 and it has two major variant sites at which different alleles are associated with increased levels of gene expression and with susceptibility to a range of immune-related diseases. We hypothesized that IL12B variants associated with increased expression would be as associated with susceptibility to persistent mycobacterial infection. We tested this hypothesis by genotyping Indian subjects, having either leprosy or tuberculosis (TB), as well as ethnically matched controls. Subjects with leprosy were less likely to have the 3'UTR genotype associated with lower IL12B expression (P= 0.001). Subjects with TB were not only more likely to have the high-expressing IL12B promoter genotype (P= 0.01) but also more likely to have this in the same haplotype with the high expressing 3'UTR allele (P= 0.0009). These results suggest these infectious diseases may be improved by modulating IL-l2p40 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Morahan
- Diabetes Research Centre, Western Australia Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaur G, Singh P, Rapthap CC, Kumar N, Vajpayee M, Sharma SK, Wanchu A, Mehra NK. Polymorphism in the CCR5 gene promoter and HIV-1 infection in North Indians. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:454-61. [PMID: 17462514 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection are highly variable among individuals. CCR5 is the primary coreceptor that mediates entry of HIV-1 (R5) into permissive host cells. In this study, five SNPs (59029G/A, 59353T/C, 59356C/T, 59402A/G, and 59653C/T) in the promoter region and a deletion of 32 bp (Delta32) in the CCR5 gene were evaluated in 180 chronically HIV-1-infected North Indians. The study showed the following: (1) the protective CCR5 Delta32 allele was absent; (2) the frequency of CCR5*59402A allele in the HIV-infected people (66.4%) was higher than in healthy subjects (57.1%, p = 0.027) and in the CDC stage C patients (76%) versus stages A and B patients together (60%; p = 0.002); (3) homozygous CCR5*59402 AA genotype was significantly increased in the seropositive subjects (46.1%) compared with healthy control subjects (30.2%; p = 0.008) and in the CDC stage C patients (59.2%) compared with stage A and B subjects (37.6%, p = 0.007); and (4) an increased frequency of homozygous ACCAC haplotype was present in the seropositive stage C patients (32.4%) versus 15.6% in patients in stages A plus B (p = 0.013). These observations suggest an association of CCR5*59402A with increased likelihood of acquisition of HIV-1 and development of AIDS in the Asian Indian population. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and understand the effect of CCR5 polymorphisms on the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaur G, Rapthap CC, Kumar N, Kumar S, Neolia S, Mehra NK. Frequency distribution of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the healthy North Indian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:113-20. [PMID: 17257312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The allelic and genotype frequencies corresponding to 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 cytokine genes interleukin (IL) 1-alpha (T/C -889), IL1-beta (C/T -511, T/C +3962), IL12 (C/A -1188), interferon-gamma (A/T UTR 5644), transforming growth factor-beta (C/T codon 10, G/C codon 25), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (G/A -308, G/A -238), IL2 (T/G -330, G/T +160), IL4 (T/G -1098, T/C -590, T/C -33), IL6 (G/C -174, G/A nt 565), IL10 (G/A -1082, C/T -819, C/A -592), IL1R (C/T pst11970), IL1RA (T/C mspa111100) and IL4RA (G/A +1902) were determined in 130 healthy North Indian subjects. All genomic typings were performed with polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific assays. An analysis of the allelic and haplotype frequencies in the North Indian population showed a good fit with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for most of the SNPs. The data can be used for anthropological comparisons, as well as for association studies with different diseases and for use in transplant situations involving acute and chronic rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Panigrahi A, Siddiqui JA, Rai A, Margoob A, Khaira A, Bhowmik D, Tiwari SC, Guleria S, Mehra NK. Allosensitization to HLA and MICA is an important measure of renal graft outcome. Clin Transpl 2007:211-217. [PMID: 18637472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the donor-specific antibody repertoire against T and B cells and monocytes, as well as the non-donor anti-HLA, and MICA (MHC class I-related chain A) antibodies in recipients of the live related donor renal transplantation. Sera collected before and after transplantation were tested by ELISA for the presence of HLA class I- and class II-specific antibodies and by Luminex MICA single-antigen bead assay for the detection of MICA antibodies. Patients having a combination of both anti-HLA and MICA antibodies had worse graft survival and more rejection episodes as compared to the group without antibodies. Further, presence of IgG antibodies against the donor cells (T, B & monocytes) led to a compromised graft survival along with higher incidence of acute rejection as compared to the negative groups. These results suggest that a comprehensive assessment of anti-donor antibody repertoire and monitoring of anti-HLA, MICA antibodies following transplantation is a useful exercise to detect the sensitization status of the recipient and this can prove to be of immense prognostic value in renal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaur G, Rapthap CC, Kumar S, Bhatnagar S, Bhan MK, Mehra NK. Polymorphism in L-Selectin, E-Selectin and ICAM-1 Genes in Asian Indian Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:634-8. [PMID: 16916660 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) follows an autoimmune course in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. A strong association with HLA class II molecules, predominantly HLA-DQ2, has been reported in most ethnic groups with CD. The aim of this study was to determine if genetic polymorphisms in L-selectin, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) have any correlation with CD. We investigated 5 mutations, namely F206L in L-selectin, S128R and L554F in E-selectin, and G241R and K469E in ICAM-1, in 37 North Indian pediatric patients with CD. A significant increase in allele frequencies of 128R of E-selectin and the associated genotype SR was observed in patients. No significant differences were observed in the F206L polymorphism of L-selectin, or the G241R and E469K polymorphisms in the ICAM-1 gene in CD. This study illustrates that selectin gene polymorphism might contribute to the genetic background of CD and invites further investigation relevant to understanding the mechanisms underlying the immunopathogenesis of this autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kanga U, Tandon N, Marwaha RK, Khanna R, Bhattacharya B, Singh S, Kumar N, Mehra NK. Immunogenetic association and thyroid autoantibodies in juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis in North India. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 64:573-9. [PMID: 16649979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) encompass a number of conditions that have in common cellular and humoral responses targeting the thyroid gland. Interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers are thought to initiate an autoimmune response to thyroid antigens leading to disease manifestation. Commencement of the disease in childhood leads to the presumption that genetics may have an important role in the causation of the disease. DESIGN The present study was aimed at evaluating the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) encoded susceptibility to develop juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis (JAT) in patients from North India. PATIENTS We studied 48 consecutive patients of JAT along with 176 first-degree relatives for their thyroid function (FT4, TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody status (AbTPO). MEASUREMENTS HLA studies were carried out using serology for HLA-class I antigens and DNA analysis of HLA-class II alleles. The data were compared with a cohort of 308 ethnically matched healthy individuals. RESULTS We observed overt hypothyroidism in 50% and AbTPO positivity in 70.8% of the index cases. Among the first-degree relatives, goitre was observed in 51.7%, thyroid dysfunction in 28.4% and AbTPO in 29.5% of individuals. Of the 37 relatives who underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), 60% had evidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). A strong positive association of HLA-DRB1*1404 was observed with the JAT (35.4%vs. 10.4%, chi2 = 19.8, Pc = 0.0001). We also observed a higher (72%, P = 0.03) paternal transmission of HLA-DRB1*1404 to affected offspring in comparison to unaffected offspring. HLA-DRB1*03 was also increased among JAT patients but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION These studies point towards an important role of immune modifying genes, such as HLA, in influencing susceptibility to juvenile-onset AITD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar R, Prem S, Mahapatra M, Seth T, Chowdhary DR, Mishra P, Pillai L, Narendra AMVR, Mehra NK, Saxena R, Choudhry VP. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and horse antithymocyte globulin conditioning regimen for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation performed in non-HEPA filter rooms for multiply transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37:745-9. [PMID: 16518427 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiply transfused patients of severe aplastic anemia are at increased risk of graft rejection. Five such patients underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical siblings with a fludarabine-based protocol. The conditioning consisted of fludarabine 30 mg/m(2)/day x 6 days, cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day x 2 days and horse antithymocyte globulin (ATG) x 4 days. Two different ATG preparations were used: ATGAM (dose 30 mg/kg/day x 4 days) or Thymogam (dose 40 mg/kg/day x 4 days). Engraftment: median time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >0.5 x 10(9)/l was 11 days (range: 8-17) and median time to platelet count >20 x 10(9)/l was 11 days (range: 9-17). At a median follow-up of 171 days (range: 47-389), there has been no graft rejection and all patients are in complete remission. Acute GVHD (grade 1) occurred in one patient only. Chronic GVHD developed in two patients (extensive in one and limited in another). The transplants were performed in non-HEPA filter rooms. In only one patient, systemic antifungal therapy (voriconazole) was used. The use of Thymogam brand of ATG for conditioning is being reported for the first time. Our experience suggests that this fludarabine-based protocol allows rapid sustained engraftment in high-risk patients without significant immediate toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panigrahi A, Deka R, Bhowmik D, Dash SC, Tiwari SC, Guleria S, Mehta SN, Mehra NK. Functional assessment of immune markers of graft rejection: a comprehensive study in live-related donor renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2006; 20:85-90. [PMID: 16556160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the immunobiological processes and predictors of graft rejection holds promise for the development of potential therapeutic strategies and also individualization of immunosuppression. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical relevance of immune parameters such as antidonor antihuman leukocyte antigen (anti-HLA) antibodies, monitoring of cytokines and their receptors on the graft outcome following live-related donor renal transplantation. Flow cytometry-based methods were used to detect antidonor antibodies (flow cytometry crossmatch, FCXM) and intracellular cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were employed to detect anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies and quantitative serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels. The data revealed that patients with HLA class I-specific IgG antibody experienced higher acute rejection (AR) episodes at 1 yr in comparison to the antibody negative group (82% vs. 56%, p = 0.01). On the contrary, donor-specific class II antibodies (B+) did not have any influence on the graft survival. However, 15 recipients having both T- and B-cell antidonor antibodies (T+B+) had significantly poor graft survival (60%) as compared to the antibody-negative group (T-B-, 82%, p = 0.05). Additionally, patients having non-donor but HLA-specific antibodies (FCXM-/ELISA+) had poor graft survival as compared to the antibody-negative group (64% vs. 88%, p < 0.05). Further, patients undergoing AR episodes had significantly higher expression of IFN-gamma-producing T cells (19.16 +/- 7.4% median 17.50) as compared to their pre-transplant levels (5.68 +/- 1.63%, Median 5.20) and the non-rejecter group (5.97 +/- 4.39%, median 4.3, p = 0.0004). Similarly sIL-2 was significantly increased in AR episodes during the first month of transplantation (292 +/- 131.5 pmol/L) as compared to those with well-functioning grafts (p = 0.01) and healthy controls (p = 0.001). Evaluation of antidonor antibodies by flow cytometry is found to be relatively more sensitive and a better predictor of graft outcome. Further monitoring of cytokine expression profile of primed peripheral T-helper cells and quantitative analysis of sIL-2R offer additional valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools for follow-up of transplant subjects and a better alternative for functional assessment of immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guleria S, Aggarwal S, Bansal VK, Varma MC, Kashyap L, Tandon N, Mahajan S, Bhowmik D, Agarwal SK, Mehra NK, Misra MC. The first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India. Natl Med J India 2005; 18:18-9. [PMID: 15835486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and vasculopathy. We report the first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India in a young diabetic with renal failure. The dual transplant has cured his diabetes and renal failure and has had a beneficial effect on his neuropathy, retinopathy and quality of life. Obstacles to dual transplant in India include a lack of suitable recipients and a cadaver donor programme that is still in its infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Guleria
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Panigrahi A, Deka R, Bhowmik D, Tiwari SC, Mehra NK. Immunological monitoring of posttransplant allograft sensitization following living related donor renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1336-9. [PMID: 15251326 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the immunobiological processes and predictors of graft rejection holds promise for development of new therapeutic strategies and also for individualization of immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical relevance of immune parameters, such as recipient sensitization status, donor-specific antibodies, and anti-HLA antibodies, which are major predictors of graft outcome following renal transplantation. Sera from 264 renal recipients at different posttransplant period were included for detection of anti-donor antibodies (by flowcytometry); anti-HLA, antibody (by ELISA), and panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) methods. Graft survival was analyzed in relation to posttransplant PRA at 2 years follow-up time: overall survival was significantly compromised in the highly sensitized group (group III) compared to the other two groups (overall chi2 = 24.20, P = 5.5 x 10(-06)). Flow cytometric cross-matches revealed the presence of anti-donor class I antibodies (T+) in 39 patients who had a poor graft survival of 51% compared with 85% survival in 225 antibody-negative patients. (chi2 = 22.260, P = 2.381 x 10(-.06)). Further analysis was performed based on the presence or absence of FCXM and ELISA-detected antibodies. Recipients belonging to group I (ELISA+/FCXM+) showed significantly lower graft survival (43%) compared with that observed in group II, which were essentially nonsensitized individuals (90%; P = 3.1 x 10(-08)). The graft survival in the ELISA-/FCXM+ group was 63%, which was significantly lower than that in group II (P = 5.14 x 10(-03)). Group IV (ELISA+/FCXM-) including 38 (14%) serum samples with nondonor but HLA-specific antibodies was associated with significantly poorer graft survival (63%) compared with group II (P = 6.6 x 10(-05)). Our data also show that while FCXM is the most sensitive test to detect donor-specific antibodies, the ELISA method offers the additional advantage of detecting anti-HLA class-I antibodies, which are detrimental for renal graft survival. Thus the use of multiple parameters to assess recipient immune profile can predict graft outcome more accurately thus helping the individualization and optimization of immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Department of Transplant Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma SK, Turaga KK, Balamurugan A, Saha PK, Pandey RM, Jain NK, Katoch VM, Mehra NK. Clinical and genetic risk factors for the development of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in non-HIV infected patients at a tertiary care center in India: a case-control study. Infect Genet Evol 2004; 3:183-8. [PMID: 14522182 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(03)00086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility of the host to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is not fully understood. We undertook a case-control study at a tertiary care center at New Delhi, India to identify the clinical and genetic predictors of MDR-TB as compared to the drug sensitive TB cases. Patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis were identified on the basis of drug sensitivity testing by the proportion method. Treatment was initiated according to standard norms and all patients were followed up during the period. Genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell pellet was used for amplification of HLA class II region (second exon) with a set of forward (5') and reverse (3') primers. A sequence specific 5' biotinylated probes were used to determine 12 DRB1, 8 DQA1 and 13 DQB1 alleles by the PCR-SSOP method. Past history of disease, higher severity of illness, inadequacy of drug treatment and presence of HLA-DRB1*14, DQB1*0503 and DQB1*0502 alleles were found to be significant risk factors for MDR-TB. Multivariate analysis identified poor past compliance to treatment (odds ratio, OR=6.6; 95% confidence interval, CI [2.0-21.5]), higher number of cavities (OR=6; 95% CI [2.1-17.3]) in chest radiographs and the presence of the HLA-DRB1*14 allele (OR=8.2; 95% CI [2.1-31.3]) as independent predictors of MDR-TB. Our results suggest that a combination of clinical and immunogenetic parameters could provide better information on drug resistance in tuberculosis with implications in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kaur G, Rapthap CC, Xavier M, Saxena R, Choudhary VP, Reuben SK, Mehra NK. Distribution of C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene in healthy Asian Indians and patients with thalassaemia major. Natl Med J India 2003; 16:309-10. [PMID: 14765621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the HFE gene have been shown to be strongly associated with hereditary haemochromatosis, an autosomal recessive disease of iron overloading. The majority of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis possess a homozygous mutation C282Y that disrupts the binding of the HFE gene with beta2 microglobulin and prevents its surface expression. Another HFE mutation H63D is known to increase the relative risk of developing hereditary haemochromatosis. This disease is rare in India although secondary haemochromatosis is commonly seen among children suffering from thalassaemia major. The status of HFE mutations has not been explored among Indians, particularly in patients with thalassaemia major. It is also possible that in India clinical haemochromatosis could be masked by iron deficiency. METHODS We examined a cohort of 59 unrelated, healthy individuals from north India, 57 from south India and 75 thalassaemia major patients from north India for HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D) in cis/trans by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer method. RESULTS The C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene were rare among Indians. Although the HFE mutations were increased among patients of thalassaemia their effect on iron burden or disease pathogenesis remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS Hereditary haemochromatosis is rarely observed among Indians and so are the C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene. Long-term follow up studies would be required to determine whether the relatively higher frequency of these mutations among patients of thalassaemia has any influence on iron accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhowmik D, Dash SC, Guleria S, Panigrahi A, Gupta S, Agarwal S, Tiwari SC, Mehta SN, Mehra NK. Spousal renal transplants: implications in developing countries. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:26-7. [PMID: 12591291 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bhowmik
- Departments of Nephrology, Histocompatibility, and Immunogenetics and Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Basak U, Mitra DK, Panigrahi A, Guleria S, Agarwal S, Mehta SN, Dash SC, Mehra NK. Clinical relevance of monitoring cytokine production following living donor renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:404-6. [PMID: 12591461 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Basak
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rastogi S, Kumar A, Mehra NK, Makhijani SD, Manoharan A, Gangal V, Kumar R. Development and characterization of a novel immobilized microbial membrane for rapid determination of biochemical oxygen demand load in industrial waste-waters. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:23-9. [PMID: 12445441 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The rapid determination of waste-water quality of waste-water treatment plants in terms of pollutional strength, i.e. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is difficult or even impossible using the chemical determination method. The present study reports the determination of BOD within minutes using microbial BOD sensors, as compared to the 5-day determination using the conventional method. Multiple criteria establish the basis for the development of a BOD biosensor useful for rapid and reliable BOD estimation in industrial waste-waters. Of these, preparation of a suitable novel immobilized microbial membrane used in conjunction with an apt transducer is discussed. As a result, a microbial biosensor based on a formulated, synergistic, pre-tested microbial consortium has been developed for the measurement of BOD load of various industrial waste-waters. The sensor showed maximum response in terms of current difference, when a cell concentration of 2.25 x 10(10) CFU, harvested in their log phase of growth were utilized for microbial membrane construction. The sensor showed a stability of 180 days when the prepared membranes were stored at a temperature of 4 degrees C in 50 mM phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. The reusability of the immobilized membranes was up to 200 cycles without appreciable loss of their response characteristics. A linear relationship between the current change and a glucose-glutamic acid (GAA) concentration up to 60 mg l(-1) was observed (r=0.999). The lower detection limit was 1.0 mg l(-1) BOD. The sensor response was reproducible within +/-5% of the mean in a series of ten samples having 44 mg l(-1) BOD using standard a GGA solution. When used for the BOD estimation of industrial waste-waters, a relatively good agreement was found between the two methods, i.e. 5-day BOD and that measured by the developed microbial sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rastogi
- Center for Biochemical Technology, Delhi University campus, Mall Road, 7, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Deka R, Panigrahi A, Aggarwal SK, Guleria S, Dash SC, Mehta SN, Pandey RM, Mehra NK. Influence of pretransplant panel reactive antibodies on the posttransplant sensitization status. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:3082-3. [PMID: 12493381 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Deka
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Witt CS, Price P, Kaur G, Cheong K, Kanga U, Sayer D, Christiansen F, Mehra NK. Common HLA-B8-DR3 haplotype in Northern India is different from that found in Europe. Tissue Antigens 2002; 60:474-80. [PMID: 12542740 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether a common diabetic haplotype, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B8 and HLA-DR3, in Northern India is the same haplotype as the European HLA-B8-DR3 haplotype. DNA samples from Northern Indian subjects selected on the basis of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 were tested for microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism alleles throughout the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It was found that the Indian samples represent a conserved haplotype in which all alleles were shared by Indian subjects with HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3, but were different to those that are characteristic of the European 8.1 ancestral haplotype. The Indian and European haplotypes share HLA-B*0801, HLA-DRB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*02 but differ for subtypes of HLA-Cw*07 and HLA-DRB3 and all central MHC alleles tested. In contrast, Indian subjects selected on the basis of HLA-B58 ( 1-17) and HLA-DR3 shared the same alleles at other MHC loci as have been described in the common Chinese haplotype with HLA-B58/17 and HLA-DR3. A third haplotype, HLA-B50/21 and HLA-DR3, was also found to be highly conserved but shares little in common with the other two HLA-DR3-containing Indian haplotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Witt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharma G, Mehra NK, Kumar R. Biodegradation of wastewater of Najafgarh drain, Delhi using autochthonous microbial consortia : a laboratory study. J Environ Biol 2002; 23:365-371. [PMID: 12674375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There are seventeen drains, which discharge their untreated urban and industrial wastewaters into the Delhi segment of river Yamuna. The Najafgarh drain is the first and the largest drain, and it alone contributes 1667.84 mld i.e. 60% of the total wastewater discharge into the river Yamuna and as such add 81.36 tons of BOD load per day. As per the available data approximately 95% of the wastewater of this drain is biodegradable. In the present study, an attempt has been made to reduce the BOD load and COD levels of wastewater of Najafgarh drain using autochthonous microbial consortium. During this study the raw wastewater samples were treated for 6 h time interval with different concentration of consortium. It was observed that by increasing the existing microbial population in the wastewater sample by 150-200% there is a significant decrease in BOD and COD levels. Finally, BOD/COD ratios before and after biotreatment have been analyzed to assess the efficacy of the natural consortium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Limnology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-1 10 007, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 heterodimer (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) in presenting gluten peptides to effector T cells in celiac disease (CD) has been well documented. Because HLA-DQ2 is carried on DR3 haplotypes due to linkage disequilibrium, such haplotypes are encountered more frequently in patients with autoimmune disease. This study analyzed 35 North Indian children below 15 years of age and diagnosed to have CD as per the ESPGAN criteria, which included histopathologic alterations in duodenal biopsies, clinical response to gluten withdrawal, and presence of antiendomysial antibodies. The HLA class I and class II alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers, sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe, and reverse line strip molecular techniques. A statistically significant positive association of the disease with HLA-DRB1*03 (94.2% versus 22.1% in controls, chi(2) = 73.4, p = 7.54E-11), and a negative association with DRB1*15 (chi(2) = 7.4, p = 6.5E-03) and DRB1*13 alleles was observed. The HLA-DQB1*0201 was observed in all the 35 patients (100%), whereas the DQ2 heterodimer alpha(0)beta(0) occurred in 97.1% of CD patients (31.4% in double dose, 65.7% in single dose) and revealed significant deviation from healthy controls (chi(2) = 102.08, p = 7.56E-11). Further analysis revealed involvement of multiple DR3+ve haplotypes with CD in Indians, of which A26-B8-DR3 was the most common DR3 haplotype among patients (34.28%, chi(2) = 40.57, p = 2.65E-10) followed by Ax-B21-DR3 (11.4%) (chi(2) = 13.8, p = 2E-04) and the classical Caucasian haplotype A1-B8-DR3 (5.7%). The former two haplotypes are characteristic of Asian Indians and are involved in the development of CD. We conclude that the high risk DR3 haplotypes that play a crucial role in the development of CD are unique in Asian Indians. Detailed analysis of these haplotypes in Indian patients with autoimmune diseases may help understand the influence of other intervening genes within the major histocompatibility complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In renal transplantation, a good HLA-DR match is associated with higher success rate of graft outcome. It is particularly so In high risk recipients. Serological HLA-DR typing is not always easy due to a number of technical problems. In view of this, a comparison of serological and molecular typing was done in our institutions. A total of 64 live related donor patients of renal transplantation were studied. Serological typing was done by conventional methods. Molecular HLA class II typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) hybridization technique. An overall discrepancy of 19.5% was observed in the DR typing obtained by serology and PCR-SSOP of all the recipients and donors. 14.5% of cases showed discrepancy in the results of only one DR antigen. Serological typing failure was seen in 10.9% of total cases. In 19.5% cases, only one DR antigen was assigned by PCR-SSOP as compared to two antigens by serological methods. Maximum number of discrepancies were seen in DR 2 antigens. There was no appreciable difference of graft survival shown in the patients typed by both methods. However, higher incidence of acute graft rejection episodes were seen in patients with 1 antigen mismatch as compared to zero mismatch. It is concluded that HLA-DR typing should be carried out by molecular methods as these have been found to be more specific and accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Chopra
- Senior Adviser (Pathology and Transplant Immunology), Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt 110 010
| | - R N Diwan
- Senior Adviser (Pathology), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Calcutta
| | - N K Mehra
- Professor and Head, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jaini R, Naruse T, Kanga U, Kikkawa E, Kaur G, Inoko H, Mehra NK. Molecular diversity of the HLA-A*19 group of alleles in North Indians: possible oriental influence. Tissue Antigens 2002; 59:487-91. [PMID: 12445318 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the genetic diversity of the HLA-A19 allelic family in the North Indian and Japanese populations. The HLA-A*19 group of alleles occurred at similar frequencies in North Indians and Japanese as in Caucasians. All the known serological splits of HLA-A19 were observed among the North Indians, i.e. A*33 (15.6%), A*32 (8.6%), A*31 (3.5%), A*30 (3%), A*29 (1.2%) and A*74 (0.77%), while only A*30 (0.7%), A*31 (17.6%) and A*33 (11.7%) were observed in the Japanese. High resolution analysis indicated that the A*29, A*30, A*31 and A*32 alleles were represented by only single subtypes among the North Indians while the HLA-A*33 group comprised two alleles, A*3301 (4.3%) and A*3303 (43.7%). All 15 of the HLA-A*33 positive samples from the Tamil population of South India were found to be A*3303. One novel subtype of A*33, A*3306 was also observed in the North Indian sample. Conversely, only one subtype each of A*30, A*31 and A*33 was encountered in the Japanese population, of which A*3101 and A*3303 were the most frequent (58.5% and 39%, respectively, among the HLA-A*19 group of alleles). All other subtypes of A19 were not found in the Japanese in the present study. The study suggests a significant amount of genetic admixture in the North Indian gene pool from other racial groups, with profound oriental influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jaini
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mitra DK, Singh HP, Singh M, Alwadi A, Kochupillai V, Raina V, Kumar L, Mehra NK. Reconstitution of naïve T cells and type 1 function after autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation: impact on the relapse of original cancer. Transplantation 2002; 73:1336-9. [PMID: 11981431 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200204270-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic and functional reconstitution of T cells after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and its influence on posttransplant immune status is important in terms of immune surveillance and relapse of original cancer. We investigated the relationship between the dominant immune reconstitution pathway and the immune surveillance. We also tested the cytokine bias acquired by T cells after transplantation and its possible influence on relapse of original malignancy. METHODS Immunophenotyping of naïve and memory T cells was performed by flow cytometry on patients who underwent PBSCT for various cancers. Cytokine production by peripheral memory helper (CD4) and cytotoxic (CD8) T cells was investigated at various pretransplant and posttransplant time points with fluorescein isothiocyanate-based intracellular cytokine assay after short-term in vitro mitogenic stimulation (phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin). Data on T-cell subsets and polarized cytokines gamma-interferon (Ifn) and interleukin 4 produced by memory T cells were compared with that of healthy controls. RESULTS The reconstitution of naïve T cells and gamma-Ifn-producing memory cells was significantly lower in patients who experienced relapse of original cancer within 1 year of PBSCT compared to those who showed no signs of relapse even after 2 years and compared to normal subjects. The results indicate that efficient reconstitution of naïve T cells and type 1 function of memory T cells are important in maintaining T-cell repertoire diversity after PBSCT. It also confers appropriate levels of immune surveillance against diverse neoantigens that evolve from residual tumor burden. The data reveal that chemotherapy-induced thymic injuries may impair regeneration of naïve cells that result in a naivopenic state in a susceptible host. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of naïve T-cell reconstitution and points towards cell replacement strategies for improving immune surveillance after PBSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Mitra
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics and Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The HLA class II molecules play a critical role in the processing and presentation of specific peptides derived from autoantigens of pancreatic beta cells or gluten for T cell scrutiny in IDDM and CD. In the present study, extended DR3-positive haplotypes associated with autoimmunity in northern Indian patients have been reported. The haplotype A26-B8-DR3 was the most common autoimmunity-favoring haplotype encountered among these patients. This association is, indeed, unique to Indian autoimmune patients, as it replaces the otherwise most commonly associated Caucasian haplotype A1-B8-DR3 (AH8.1) in this population. Further, CD patients revealed 100% association with DQB1*0201 along with DQA*0501 (97%) either in cis or trans configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Mehra
- Department of Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Panigrahi A, Agarwal SK, Kanga U, Guleria S, Bhowmik D, Dash SC, Gupta S, Tiwari SC, Mehta SN, Mehra NK. Influence of HLA compatibility on renal graft survival using live unrelated & cadaver donors in India. Indian J Med Res 2002; 115:158-64. [PMID: 12239839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Living unrelated donor (LURD) renal transplantation has shown a rising trend over the last 5 yr at our center following the passing of The Transplantation of Human Organs Act by the Government of India in 1994. In this paper, the results of LURD and cadaver (CAD) donor renal transplantation are compared. We have also looked into factors that have a bearing on graft survival such as the extent of HLA mismatch (MM), infections, acute rejections (AR), donor age and sex. METHODS A total of 42 LURD and 25 CAD renal transplants performed between March 1994 and February 1999 has been included in the study. HLA typing, panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening and T and B cell cross match assay were performed by the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) method for all patients. RESULTS The graft survival rates were generally higher in the LURD category as compared to the CAD group and were significant at 6 month period (90 vs 56%, P = 0.002). A follow up of the patients up to 60 months revealed a matching effect since the 3, 4 allele MM group had better survival rates as compared to the 5, 6 MM group. Twenty six of the 67 recipients (39%) experienced episodes of acute rejection (AR). Patients with 3, 4 MM had fewer such episodes than those with 5, 6 allele MM (P < 0.05). Of the 32 deaths, 20 were those with a functional kidney, of which 15 were caused by severe infections. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Better HLA matching ensures fewer episodes of rejection and better long term graft survival in comparison to the poorly matched grafts. The graft survival for LURD recipients was appreciably higher than that of CAD recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|