1
|
Filimon A, Serbezeanu D, Dobos AM, Onofrei MD, Bargan A, Rusu D, Rimbu CM. Electrospun Membranes Based on Quaternized Polysulfones: Rheological Properties-Electrospinning Mechanisms Relationship. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1503. [PMID: 38891450 PMCID: PMC11174964 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Composite membranes based on a polymer mixture solution of quaternized polysulfone (PSFQ), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for biomedical applications were successfully obtained through the electrospinning technique. To ensure the polysulfone membranes' functionality in targeted applications, the selection of electrospinning conditions was essential. Moreover, understanding the geometric characteristics and morphology of fibrous membranes is crucial in designing them to meet the performance standards necessary for future biomedical applications. Thus, the viscosity of the solutions used in the electrospinning process was determined, and the morphology of the electrospun membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Investigations on the surfaces of electrospun membranes based on water vapor sorption data have demonstrated that their surface properties dictate their biological ability more than their specific surfaces. Furthermore, in order to understand the different macromolecular rearrangements of membrane structures caused by physical interactions between the polymeric chains as well as by the orientation of functional groups during the electrospinning process, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used. The applicability of composite membranes in the biomedical field was established by bacterial adhesion testing on the surface of electrospun membranes using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms. The biological experiments conducted establish a foundation for future applications of these membranes and validate their effectiveness in specific fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Filimon
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Diana Serbezeanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Adina Maria Dobos
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Mihaela Dorina Onofrei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Alexandra Bargan
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Rusu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.S.); (A.M.D.); (M.D.O.); (A.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rimbu
- Department of Public Health, University of Life Science Iasi, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaman SU, Rafiq S, Ali A, Mehdi MS, Arshad A, Rehman SU, Muhammad N, Irfan M, Khurram MS, Zaman MKU, Hanbazazah AS, Lim HR, Show PL. Recent advancement challenges with synthesis of biocompatible hemodialysis membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135626. [PMID: 35863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study is to enhance the protein fouling resistance, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and ability of the membranes and to reduce health complications like chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease after dialysis, which are the great challenges in HD applications. In the current study, the PSF-based dialysis membranes are studied broadly. Significant consideration has also been provided to membrane characteristics (e.g., flowrate coefficient, solute clearance characteristic) and also on commercially available polysulfone HD membranes. PSF has gained a significant share in the development of HD membranes, and continuous improvements are being made in the process to make high flux PSF-based dialysis membranes with enhanced biocompatibility and improved protein resistance ability as the major issue in the development of membranes for HD application is biocompatibility. There has been a great increase in the demand for novel biocompatible membranes that offer the best performances during HD therapy, for example, low oxidative stress and low change ability of blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Uz Zaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, New Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Abulhassan Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Shozab Mehdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Amber Arshad
- Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saif-Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Centre of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Abdulkader S Hanbazazah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bowry SK, Kircelli F, Himmele R, Nigwekar SU. Blood-incompatibility in haemodialysis: alleviating inflammation and effects of coagulation. Clin Kidney J 2022; 14:i59-i71. [PMID: 34987786 PMCID: PMC8711760 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-incompatibility is an inevitability of all blood-contacting device applications and therapies, including haemodialysis (HD). Blood leaving the environment of blood vessels and the protection of the endothelium is confronted with several stimuli of the extracorporeal circuit (ECC), triggering the activation of blood cells and various biochemical pathways of plasma. Prevention of blood coagulation, a major obstacle that needed to be overcome to make HD possible, remains an issue to contend with. While anticoagulation (mainly with heparin) successfully prevents clotting within the ECC to allow removal of uraemic toxins across the dialysis membrane wall, it is far from ideal, triggering heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in some instances. Soluble fibrin can form even in the presence of heparin and depending on the constitution of the patient and activation of platelets, could result in physical clots within the ECC (e.g. bubble trap chamber) and, together with other plasma and coagulation proteins, result in increased adsorption of proteins on the membrane surface. The buildup of this secondary membrane layer impairs the transport properties of the membrane to reduce the clearance of uraemic toxins. Activation of complement system-dependent immune response pathways leads to leukopenia, formation of platelet–neutrophil complexes and expression of tissue factor contributing to thrombotic processes and a procoagulant state, respectively. Complement activation also promotes recruitment and activation of leukocytes resulting in oxidative burst and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, thereby worsening the elevated underlying inflammation and oxidative stress condition of chronic kidney disease patients. Restricting all forms of blood-incompatibility, including potential contamination of dialysis fluid with endotoxins leading to inflammation, during HD therapies is thus still a major target towards more blood-compatible and safer dialysis to improve patient outcomes. We describe the mechanisms of various activation pathways during the interaction between blood and components of the ECC and describe approaches to mitigate the effects of these adverse interactions. The opportunities to develop improved dialysis membranes as well as implementation strategies with less potential for undesired biological reactions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Bowry
- Dialysis-at-Crossroads (D@X) Advisory, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Fatih Kircelli
- Global Medical Information and Education, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Himmele
- Global Medical Information and Education, Fresenius Medical Care, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bowry S, Ronco C. Surface Topography and Surface Elemental Composition Analysis of Helixone®, a New High-Flux Polysulfone Dialysis Membrane. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880102401101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern dialysis membranes need to fulfil two basic requirements. Firstly, the membrane structure, defined in terms of the size, structure and distribution of the pores at the inner separating layer of the membrane must be such that uraemic solutes of a defined molecular-weight range are selectively removed. Secondly, the physical and chemical properties of the blood-contacting surface must be such that minimal blood-material interactions take place that could either affect the functioning of the membrane, or, cause adverse reactions for the patient. A new polysulfone dialysis membrane, Helixone®, has been developed specifically for the elimination of larger uraemic toxins using convective therapy modalities such as haemodiafiltration. The membrane is characterised by the nanoscale modulation of the innermost surface structures that lead to significantly increased sieving coefficients for molecules such as β2-microglobulin, while maintaining the extremely low albumin removal property of the high-flux Fresenius Polysulfone® membrane. A recent publication (Ronco C, Bowry SK. Nanoscale modulation of the pore dimensions, size distribution and structure of a new polysulfone-based high-flux dialysis membrane. Int J Artif Organs 2001; 24: 726–35) described the characterisation of the membrane of Helixone® in terms of the membrane wall structure- and permeation-related parameters. In this paper, we describe the analysis of membrane surface parameters that influence the biocompatibility as well as the functioning of a membrane. The degree of roughness and the type of chemical groups of a blood-contacting surface are two of the main determinants of the biocompatibility characteristics of a membrane. The surface elemental composition of Helixone® was determined using electron spectroscopy for elemental analysis (ESCA) while the surface topography of the membrane was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analysis showed that Helixone® has an improved, smoother blood-contacting surface and retains the essential surface chemistry, and therefore the acknowledged biocompatibility profile, of the Fresenius Polysulfone® membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Bowry
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg - Germany
| | - C. Ronco
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Eloot S, Hulko M, Boschetti-de-Fierro A, Beck W, Krause B, Van Biesen W. Assessment of the association between increasing membrane pore size and endotoxin permeability using a novel experimental dialysis simulation set-up. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 29304774 PMCID: PMC5756443 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membranes with increasing pore size are introduced to enhance removal of large uremic toxins with regular hemodialysis. These membranes might theoretically have higher permeability for bacterial degradation products. In this paper, permeability for bacterial degradation products of membranes of comparable composition with different pore size was investigated with a new in vitro set-up that represents clinical flow and pressure conditions. Methods Dialysis was simulated with an AK200 machine using a low-flux, high-flux, medium cut-off (MCO) or high cut-off (HCO) device (n = 6/type). A polyvinylpyrrolidone-solution (PVP) was recirculated at blood side. At dialysate side, a challenge solution containing a filtrated lysate of two water-borne bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pelomononas saccharophila) was infused in the dialysate flow (endotoxin ≥ 4EU/ml). Blood and dialysate flow were set at 400 and 500 ml/min for 60 min. PVP was sampled before (PVPpre) and after (PVPpost) the experiment and dialysate after 5 and 55 min. Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test was performed. Additionally, samples were incubated with a THP-1 cell line (24 h) and IL-1β levels were measured evaluating biological activity. Results The LAL-assay confirmed presence of 9.5 ± 7.4 EU/ml at dialysate side. For none of the devices the LAL activity in PVPpre vs. PVPpost was significantly different. Although more blood side PVP solutions had a detectable amount of endotoxin using a highly sensitive LAL assay in the more open vs traditional membranes, the permeability for endotoxins of the 4 tested dialysis membranes was not significantly different but the number of repeats is small. None of the PVP solutions induced IL-1β in the THP-1 assay. Conclusions A realisitic in vitro dialysis was developed to assess membrane translocation of bacterial products. LAL activity on the blood side after endotoxin exposure did not change for all membranes. Also, none of the PVPpost solutions induced IL-1β in the THP-1 bio-assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schepers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sunny Eloot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Werner Beck
- Baxter International Inc., R&D, Hechingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Krause
- Baxter International Inc., R&D, Hechingen, Germany
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Chen D, Jiang K, Shen G. New insights and perspectives into biological materials for flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6764-6815. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials based on biological materials are becoming increasingly competitive and are likely to be critical components in flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA
- Chinese PLA Medical School
- Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Beijing 100853
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Faria M, Leonard E. Spallation of Small Particles From Peristaltic Pump Tube Segments. Artif Organs 2016; 41:672-677. [PMID: 27735061 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In most extracorporeal filtration devices such as hemodialysis a peristaltic pump is used to circulate blood. Pump function requires the repeated compression of an elastomeric tube from which particles may be shed into the circulatory system, a process called spallation. Earlier studies are likely to have missed the large number of small particles (<2 µm in diameter) that appear. The present study uses more modern equipment that detects and sizes particles down to 0.6 µm. As polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing is commonly used for this process, a series of studies was conducted on three different types to study its spallation characteristics, along with a co-extruded PVC/polyurethane tubing known for its enhanced biocompatibility properties. For all types of PVC tubes, the average size of the spallated particles was 0.83 ± 0.03 µm; for the PVC/polyurethane tubing the average size of the spallated particles was approximately twice that reported for PVC tubing. For PVC tubes with equal inner diameter, those with less plasticizer released fewer particles; for tubes with the same Shore hardness, tubes with larger internal diameters released fewer particles. It was also shown that PVC tubes operating at a slower flow rate does not reduce the total number of particles released per volume pumped. The total number of particles spallated from the PVC/polyurethane tubing was 10 times lower than from the lowest spallating PVC tubing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kabinejadian F, Su B, Ghista DN, Ismail M, Kim S, Leo HL. Sequential venous anastomosis design to enhance patency of arterio-venous grafts for hemodialysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2016; 20:85-93. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Foad Kabinejadian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Munirah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Filimon A, Avram E, Dunca S. Surface and interface properties of functionalized polysulfones: Cell-material interaction and antimicrobial activity. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Filimon
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers; “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iasi Romania
| | - Ecaterina Avram
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers; “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 700487 Iasi Romania
| | - Simona Dunca
- Department of Microbiology; Biology Faculty; “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi; 11 Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferraz N, Mihranyan A. Is there a future for electrochemically assisted hemodialysis? Focus on the application of polypyrrole–nanocellulose composites. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1095-110. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole–Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology & Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Theoretical Application of Irreversible (Nonequilibrium) Thermodynamic Principles to Enhance Solute Fluxes across Nanofabricated Hemodialysis Membranes. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:718085. [PMID: 23209903 PMCID: PMC3502860 DOI: 10.1155/2012/718085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve hemodialysis membrane technology. Thus, a major objective is to understand how to enhance toxic solute fluxes across these membranes. The aim of this concept building study is to review the application of irreversible thermodynamic (IT) to solute fluxes. Methods. We expanded the application of the Nernst-Planck equation to include the Kedem-Katchalsky equation, pH, membrane thickness, pore size, and electric potential as variables. Results. (1) Reducing the membrane's thickness from 25 μm to 25 nm increased the flux of creatinine, β2-microglobulin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by a thousand times but prevented completely albumin flux, (2) applying an electric potential of 50–400 mV across the membrane enhanced the flux of the respective molecules by 71.167 × 10−3, 38.7905 × 10−8, and 0.595 × 10−13 mol/s, and (3) changing the pH from 7.35 to 7.42 altered the fluxes minimally. Conclusions. The results supported an argument to investigate the application of IT to study forces of fluxes across membranes. Reducing the membrane's thickness—together with the application of an electrical potential—qualities achievable by nanotechnology, can enhance the removal of uremic toxins by many folds. However, changing the pH at a specific membrane thickness does not affect the flux significantly.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ioan S, Albu RM, Avram E, Stoica I, Ioanid EG. Surface characterization of quaternized polysulfone films and biocompatibility studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
Matsuda M, Sato M, Sakata H, Ogawa T, Yamamoto KI, Yakushiji T, Fukuda M, Miyasaka T, Sakai K. Effects of fluid flow on elution of hydrophilic modifier from dialysis membrane surfaces. J Artif Organs 2008; 11:148-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-008-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Vanholder R, Ringoir S. Should Cuprophane Membranes Continue to Be Used for Chronic Hemodialysis? Semin Dial 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.1992.tb00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
KJELLSTRAND CM, KJELLSTRAND P. Beyond ultrapure hemodialysis: A necessary and achievable goal. Hemodial Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Van Tricht I, De Wachter D, Tordoir J, Verdonck P. Comparison of the hemodynamics in 6mm and 4-7 mm hemodialysis grafts by means of CFD. J Biomech 2006; 39:226-36. [PMID: 16321624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to investigate with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) whether different arterial anastomotic geometries result in a different hemodynamics at the arterial (AA) and venous anastomosis (VA) of hemodialysis vascular access grafts. We have studied a 6mm graft (CD) and a 4-7 mm graft (TG). A validated three-dimensional CFD model is developed to simulate flow in the two graft types. Only the arterial anastomosis (AA) geometry differs. The boundary conditions applied are a periodic velocity signal at the arterial inlet and a periodic pressure wave at the venous outlet. Flow rate is set to 1,000 ml/min. The time dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved. Wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) and pressure gradient (PG) are calculated. Anastomotic flow is asymmetric although the anastomosis geometry is symmetric. The hemodynamic parameters, WSS, WSSG and PG, values at the suture line of the arterial anastomosis of the TG are at least twice as much as in the CD. Comparing the parameters at the two AA indicate that little flow rate increase introduces the risk of hemolysis in the TG whereas the CD is completely free of hemolysis. The hemodynamic parameter values at the venous anastomosis of the CD are 24 till 35% higher compared to the values of the TG. WSS values (> 3 Pa) in the VA are in the critical range for stenosis development in both graft geometries. The zones where the parameters reach extreme values correspond to the locations where intimal hyperplasia formation is reported in literature. In all anastomoses, the hemodynamic parameter levels are in the range where leucocytes and platelets get activated. Our simulations confirm clinical results where TG did not show a better outcome when compared to the CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Van Tricht
- Hydraulics Laboratory, Institute Biomedical Technology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Gores F, Montag P, Schall C, Vienken J, Bowry SK. Verification of the chemical composition and specifications of haemodialysis membranes by NMR and GPC-FTIR-coupled spectroscopy. Biomaterials 2002; 23:3131-40. [PMID: 12102184 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of a dialysis membrane is decisive towards determining its physical and biochemical properties--two fundamental determinants of the success of therapy offered to patients suffering from chronic renal failure. From the vast variety of synthetic polymers available, only a few are suitable for the manufacture of dialysis membranes that have to conform to the diverse demands of modern haemodialysis and related therapies. Recently, a membrane labelled as polyamide (Polyamide S) has caused some confusion to end-users in that the product specification for the membrane is given as 'polyarylethersulfone' or simply as Polyamide S membrane. As the chemical and physical properties of these two polymer types are distinctly different, it is unclear whether the functional characteristics of Polyamide S are to be attributed to polyamide, polyarylethersulfone, or, to both polymers. We therefore undertook investigations to ascertain the exact chemical nature of the Polyamide S membrane using a series of chemical analytical tools and an appropriate polyamide reference. The analytical techniques were conventional gel permeation chromatography (GPC), GPC-FTIR coupled spectroscopy using dimethyl acetamide and hexafluoroisopropanol as solvents and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glass transition temperature measurements and quantitative elemental analysis were also carried out. None of the analytical techniques used showed any traces of polyamide in Polyamide S; no aliphatic or aromatic polyamide chemical entities were detected in any of the samples tested. The Polyamide S dialysis membrane thus comprises, solely, of polyarylethersulfone, which is also known as polyethersulfone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gores
- Polymer Standards Service GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eloot S, De Wachter D, Vienken J, Pohlmeier R, Verdonck P. In vitro evaluation of the hydraulic permeability of polysulfone dialysers. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:210-6. [PMID: 11999193 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202500307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro set-up has been designed to study the hydraulic permeability of hollow fiber dialysers. Forward and reverse dialysate ultrafiltration were determined using both sterile dialysers and samples with a protein layer settled on the membrane (Fresenius F6, F8, F60 and F80). The ultrafiltration coefficient KUF (ml/h.mmHg) was calculated as the ratio of volumetrical flow (QUF) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) measurements. The protein layer on the membrane was induced either by recirculating human plasma through the dialysers (in vitro) or by a standard hemodialysis session (in vivo). KUF is largely independent of TMP up to 600mmHg (low flux) and 60mmHg (high flux) for forward and reverse flow In sterile dialysers, backfiltration yields a significantly different KUF except for the F80. An in vitro induced protein layer on the membrane decreases KUF15-30% (forward) and 4-12% (backward) in low flux and 45-70% (forward) and 65-73% (backward) in high flux dialysers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Eloot
- Hydraulics Laboratory, IBITECH, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Regioselective derivatization was carried out introducing sulfate, phosphate or quaternary ammonia groups in C2-, C3- and C6-position of the anhydroglycose unit of cellulose. The anticoagulant potential of these derivatives was estimated with common clotting assays, such as thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. It was found that a pronounced anticoagulant activity of cellulose derivatives could be achieved if the degree of substitution (DS) with sulfate was above 1.0. The anticoagulant activity was maximal at a DS of about 1.5 and then decreased again. Further, it was detected that particularly sulfation in C2-position resulted in a pronounced anticoagulant activity of cellulose derivatives. Development and application of assays specific for thrombin and factor Xa indicated that the anticoagulant potential of these cellulose derivatives was mainly due to anti-thrombin activity. The comparison of cellulose sulfates and cellulose derivatized with phosphate and quaternary ammonium groups demonstrated that the negative charge and type of the substituent is an important prerequisite for the anticoagulant activity of cellulose derivatives. Indeed, derivatization with sulfate produced superior activity in comparison with phosphate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Groth
- Department of Membrane Research, Institute of Chemistry, GKSS Research Center, Teltow, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vanholder R, Lameire N. Acute renal failure: future directions for research. Nephrology (Carlton) 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2001.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Anderson D, Nguyen T, Lai PK, Amiji M. Evaluation of the permeability and blood-compatibility properties of membranes formed by physical interpenetration of chitosan with PEO/PPO/PEO triblock copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
23
|
Amiji MM. Surface modification of chitosan membranes by complexation-interpenetration of anionic polysaccharides for improved blood compatibility in hemodialysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1996; 8:281-98. [PMID: 9041042 DOI: 10.1163/156856296x00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan membrane surface was modified by complexation and interpenetration of anionic polysaccharides--heparin and dextran sulfate--for improved blood compatibility in hemodialysis. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis results showed a characteristic sulfur (S) and sodium (Na) peaks after modification with dextran sulfate. The sulfur/carbon (S/C) atomic composition ratio increased from 0.03 to 0.08 when the bulk dextran sulfate concentration used for modification was increased from 2.5 to 10 mg ml-1. The permeability of urea and creatinine did not change significantly upon modification with heparin or dextran sulfate. Surface modification, however, did decrease the permeability coefficients of glucose, vitamin B-2, and vitamin B-12. Unlike Cuprophan, chitosan and surface-modified chitosan membranes did not significantly activate the complement system as measured by the serum iC3b concentration. Compared to forty and sixty fully-activated platelets present on control surfaces, surface modification with heparin and dextran sulfate significantly reduced the number of adherent platelets per 25,000 microns 2 area and the extent of platelet activation. Surface modification with anionic polysaccharides, however, did significantly shorten the plasma recalcification time leading to fibrin clot formation. The results of this study show that chitosan membrane surface can be modified by complexation-interpenetration of anionic modifying agents. The modified membranes do resist complement activation and platelet adhesion and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Amiji MM. Permeability and blood compatibility properties of chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) blend membranes for haemodialysis. Biomaterials 1995; 16:593-9. [PMID: 7548609 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)93856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend membranes, using different molecular weights of PEO, were developed for improved permeability and blood compatibility. The equilibrium hydration increased from 44.7% for chitosan to 62.5% for chitosan-PEO blend membranes when the molecular weight of PEO was 10,000 (10K) or higher. An increase in the hydration of PEO blend membranes was due to intermolecular association between PEO and chitosan chains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that chitosan-PEO membranes were highly porous with size ranging from 50 to 80 nm in diameter observed in membranes made with PEO10K. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis suggested an increase in PEO on the membrane surface with increasing molecular weight in the blend. The permeability coefficient of urea increased from 5.47 x 10(-5) cm2 min-1 in chitosan to 9.86 x 10(-5) cm2 min-1 in chitosan-PEO10K membranes. The increase in permeability coefficient could be either due to an increase in the hydrophilicity or the high porosity of the membranes. Although chitosan-PEO membranes did not prevent serum complement activation, platelet adhesion and activation were significantly reduced. Chitosan-PEO blend membranes, therefore, appear to be beneficial in improving the permeability of toxic metabolites and in reducing the thrombogenicity for haemodialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The access of choice for patients receiving regular dialysis therapy remains the surgically created arteriovenous fistula. In a number of such patients as well as those requiring treatment for acute renal failure, plasmapheresis or hemoperfusion alternative techniques of access are used. Of the techniques used subclavian and femoral catheterization are preferred for short-term vascular access while in patients requiring long term vascular access the use of a surgically inserted central venous line is favoured. The technology performance and clinical aspects of the use of large bore and implantable catheters are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Hoenich
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|