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Katugampola S, Hobbs RF, Howell RW. Generalized methods for predicting biological response to mixed radiation types and calculating equieffective doses (EQDX). Med Phys 2024; 51:637-649. [PMID: 37558637 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting biological responses to mixed radiation types is of considerable importance when combining radiation therapies that use multiple radiation types and delivery regimens. These may include the use of both low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiations. A number of theoretical models have been developed to address this issue. However, model predictions do not consistently match published experimental data for mixed radiation exposures. Furthermore, the models are often computationally intensive. Accordingly, there is a need for efficient analytical models that can predict responses to mixtures of low- and high-LET radiations. Additionally, a general formalism to calculate equieffective dose (EQDX) for mixed radiations is needed. PURPOSE To develop a computationally efficient analytical model that can predict responses to complex mixtures of low- and high-LET radiations as a function of either absorbed dose or EQDX. METHODS The Zaider-Rossi model (ZRM) was modified by replacing the geometric mean of the quadratic coefficients in the interaction term with the arithmetic mean. This modified ZRM model (mZRM) was then further generalized to any number of radiation types and its validity was tested against published experimental observations. Comparisons between the predictions of the ZRM and mZRM, and other models, were made using two and three radiation types. In addition, a generalized formalism for calculating EQDX for mixed radiations was developed within the context of mZRM and validated with published experimental results. RESULTS The predictions of biological responses to mixed-LET radiations calculated with the mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations than ZRM, especially when high- and low-LET radiations are mixed. In these situations, the ZRM overestimated the surviving fraction. Furthermore, the EQDX calculated with mZRM are in better agreement with experimental observations. CONCLUSION The mZRM is a computationally efficient model that can be used to predict biological response to mixed radiations that have low- and high-LET characteristics. Importantly, interaction terms are retained in the calculation of EQDX for mixed radiation exposures within the mZRM framework. The mZRM has application in a wide range of radiation therapies, including radiopharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu Katugampola
- Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert F Hobbs
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger W Howell
- Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Suzuki M, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Kobayashi Y. Radiation-quality-dependent bystander cellular effects induced by heavy-ion microbeams through different pathways. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:824-832. [PMID: 37658690 PMCID: PMC10516730 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the radiation-quality-dependent bystander cellular effects using heavy-ion microbeams with different ion species. The heavy-ion microbeams were produced in Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology. Carbon (12C5+, 220 MeV), neon (20Ne7+, 260 MeV) and argon (40Ar13+, 460 MeV) ions were used as the microbeams, collimating the beam size with a diameter of 20 μm. After 0.5 and 3 h of irradiation, the surviving fractions (SFs) are significantly lower in cells irradiated with carbon ions without a gap-junction inhibitor than those irradiated with the inhibitor. However, the same SFs with no cell killing were found with and without the inhibitor at 24 h. Conversely, no cell-killing effect was observed in argon-ion-irradiated cells at 0.5 and 3 h; however, significantly low SFs were found at 24 h with and without the inhibitor, and the effect was suppressed using vitamin C and not dimethyl sulfoxide. The mutation frequency (MF) in cells irradiated with carbon ions was 8- to 6-fold higher than that in the unirradiated control at 0.5 and 3 h; however, no mutation was observed in cells treated with the gap-junction inhibitor. At 24 h, the MFs induced by each ion source were 3- to 5-fold higher and the same with and without the inhibitor. These findings suggest that the bystander cellular effects depend on the biological endpoints, ion species and time after microbeam irradiations with different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Project “Quantum-Applied Biotechnology”, Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute of Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Project “Quantum-Applied Biotechnology”, Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute of Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Project “Quantum-Applied Biotechnology”, Department of Quantum-Applied Biosciences, Takasaki Institute of Advanced Quantum Science, Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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Attili A, Scifoni E, Tommasino F. Modelling the HPRT-gene mutation induction of particle beams: systematic in vitro data collection, analysis and microdosimetric kinetic model implementation. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Since the early years, particle therapy treatments have been associated with concerns for late toxicities, especially secondary cancer risk (SCR). Nowadays, this concern is related to patients for whom long-term survival is expected (e.g. breast cancer, lymphoma, paediatrics). In the aim to contribute to this research, we present a dedicated statistical and modelling analysis aiming at improving our understanding of the RBE for mutation induction (
RBE
M
˜
) for different particle species. Approach. We built a new database based on a systematic collection of RBE data for mutation assays of the gene encoding for the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from literature (105 entries, distributed among 3 cell lines and 16 particle species). The data were employed to perform statistical and modelling analysis. For the latter, we adapted the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) to describe the mutagenesis in analogy to lethal lesion induction. Main results. Correlation analysis between RBE for survival (RBES) and
RBE
M
˜
reveals significant correlation between these two quantities (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.05). The correlation gets stronger when looking at subsets of data based on cell line and particle species. We also show that the MKM can be successfully employed to describe
RBE
M
˜
,
obtaining comparably good agreement with the experimental data. Remarkably, to improve the agreement with experimental data the MKM requires, consistently in all the analysed cases, a reduced domain size for the description of mutation induction compared to that adopted for survival. Significance. We were able to show that RBES and
RBE
M
˜
are strongly related quantities. We also showed for the first time that the MKM could be successfully applied to the description of mutation induction, representing an endpoint different from the more traditional cell killing. In analogy to the RBES,
RBE
M
˜
can be implemented into treatment planning system evaluations.
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Rafiepour P, Sina S, Mortazavi SMJ. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by charged particles for Future Vaccine Production Applications: A Monte Carlo study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022; 198:110265. [PMID: 35663798 PMCID: PMC9142867 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The world is still suffering from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the number of infected people is still growing in many countries in 2022. Although great strides have been made to produce effective vaccines, efforts in this field should be accelerated, particularly due to the emergence of new variants. Using inactivated viruses is a conventional method of vaccine production. High levels of ionizing radiation can effectively inactivate viruses. Recently, studies on SARS-CoV-2 irradiation using low-LET radiations (e.g., gamma rays) have been performed. However, there are insufficient studies on the impact of charged particles on the inactivation of this virus. In this study, a realistic structure of SARS-CoV-2 is simulated by using Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, and the effect of electrons, protons, alphas, C-12, and Fe-56 ions on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is investigated. The simulation results indicated that densely ionizing (high-LET) particles have the advantage of minimum number of damaged spike proteins per single RNA break. The RNA breaks induced by hydroxyl radicals produced in the surrounding water medium were significant only for electron beam radiation. Hence, indirect RNA breaks induced by densely ionizing particles is negligible. From a simulation standpoint, alpha particles (with energies up to 30 MeV) as well as C-12 ions (with energies up to 80 MeV/n), and Fe-56 ions (with any energy) can be introduced as particles of choice for effective SARS-CoV-2 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Rafiepour
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sina
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Radiation Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Suzuki M, Uchihori Y, Kitamura H, Oikawa M, Konishi T. Biologic Impact of Different Ultra-Low-Fluence Irradiations in Human Fibroblasts. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10080154. [PMID: 32824801 PMCID: PMC7459653 DOI: 10.3390/life10080154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cellular response of healthy human fibroblasts induced by different types of ultra-low-fluence radiations, including gamma rays, neutrons and high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions. NB1RGB cells were pretreated with ultra-low-fluence radiations (~0.1 cGy/7-8 h) of 137Cs gamma rays, 241Am-Be neutrons, helium, carbon and iron ions before being exposed to an X-ray-challenging dose (1.5 Gy). Helium (LET = 2.3 keV/µm), carbon (LET = 13.3 keV/µm) and iron (LET = 200 keV/µm) ions were generated with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. No differences in cell death-measured by colony-forming assay-were observed regardless of the radiation type applied. In contrast, mutation frequency, which was detected through cell transformation into 6-thioguanine resistant clones, was 1.9 and 4.0 times higher in cells pretreated with helium and carbon ions, respectively, compared to cells exposed to X-ray-challenging dose alone. Moreover, cells pretreated with iron ions or gamma-rays showed a mutation frequency similar to cells exposed to X-ray-challenging dose alone, while cells pretreated with neutrons had 0.15 times less mutations. These results show that cellular responses triggered by ultra-low-fluence irradiations are radiation-quality dependent. Altogether, this study shows that ultra-low-fluence irradiations with the same level as those reported in the International Space Station are capable of inducing different cellular responses, including radio-adaptive responses triggered by neutrons and genomic instability mediated by high-LET heavy ions, while electromagnetic radiations (gamma rays) seem to have no biologic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-206-3238
| | - Yukio Uchihori
- Department of Research Planning and Promotion, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Kitamura
- Department of Radiation Emergency Management, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Oikawa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruaki Konishi
- Single Cell Radiation Biology Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
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Suzuki M, Yasuda N, Kitamura H. Lethal and mutagenic bystander effects in human fibroblast cell cultures subjected to low-energy-carbon ions. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:179-186. [PMID: 31633439 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1683637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We studied lethal and mutagenic bystander effects in normal human fibroblasts irradiated with low-energy-carbon ions.Materials and methods: After cells reached confluence, cells were irradiated with initial energies of 6 MeV/n carbon ions. The residual energy and LET value were 4.6 MeV/n and 309 keV/µm. The doses used for survival and mutational studies were 0.082 and 0.16 Gy. Irradiation was carried out using 4 different irradiation conditions and plating conditions: (1) The entire cell area on the Mylar film was irradiated (We abbreviate as 'all irradiation'); (2) Irradiated and unirradiated cells were pooled in a 1:1 ratio and plated as a single culture until the plating for lethal and mutagenic experiments (We abbreviate as 'mixed population'); (3) Only half of the area on the Mylar film were irradiated using an ion-beam stopper (We abbreviate as 'half irradiation'); and (4) Only half of the area of the cells were irradiated, and a specific inhibitor of gap junctions was added to the culture (We abbreviate as 'half irradiation with inhibitor'). Cell samples were analyzed for lethal and mutagenic bystander effects, including a PCR evaluation of the mutation spectrum.Results: The surviving fraction of all irradiation was the same as the half irradiation case. The surviving fractions of both mixed population and the half irradiation with inhibitor were the same level and higher than those of all irradiation and half irradiation. The mutation frequencies at the HPRT (the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) locus of all irradiation and half irradiation were at the same level and were higher than those of mixed population and half irradiation with inhibitor, respectively.Conclusion: There is evidence that the bystander effects for both lethality and mutagenicity occurred in the unirradiated half of the cells, in which only half of the cells were irradiated with the carbon ions. These results suggest that the bystander cellular effects via gap-junction-mediated cell-cell communication are induced by high-LET-carbon ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nakahiro Yasuda
- Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kitamura
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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8
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Verkhovtsev A, Surdutovich E, Solov’yov AV. Phenomenon-based evaluation of relative biological effectiveness of ion beams by means of the multiscale approach. Cancer Nanotechnol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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9
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Chew MT, Bradley DA, Suzuki M, Matsufuji N, Murakami T, Jones B, Nisbet A. The radiobiological effects of He, C and Ne ions as a function of LET on various glioblastoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:178-188. [PMID: 30624699 PMCID: PMC6430257 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the charged ion species 4He, 12C and 20Ne on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) T98G, U87 and LN18 cell lines were compared with the effects of 200 kVp X-rays (1.7 keV/μm). These cell lines have different genetic profiles. Individual GBM relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was estimated in two ways: the RBE10 at 10% survival fraction and the RBE2Gy after 2 Gy doses. The linear quadratic model radiosensitivity parameters α and β and the α/β ratio of each ion type were determined as a function of LET. Mono-energetic 4He, 12C and 20Ne ions were generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan. Colony-formation assays were used to evaluate the survival fractions. The LET of the various ions used ranged from 2.3 to 100 keV/μm (covering the depth-dose plateau region to clinically relevant LET at the Bragg peak). For U87 and LN18, the RBE10 increased with LET and peaked at 85 keV/μm, whereas T98G peaked at 100 keV/μm. All three GBM α parameters peaked at 100 keV/μm. There is a statistically significant difference between the three GBM RBE10 values, except at 100 keV/μm (P < 0.01), and a statistically significant difference between the α values of the GBM cell lines, except at 85 and 100 keV/μm. The biological response varied depending on the GBM cell lines and on the ions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tsuey Chew
- Sunway University, School of Healthcare and Health Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Physics, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - David A Bradley
- Sunway University, School of Healthcare and Health Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Physics, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages; National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Matsufuji
- Radiation Effect Research Team, Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- Heavy-Ion Radiotherapy Promotion Unit & Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bleddyn Jones
- Gray Laboratory, CRUK/MRC Oxford, Oncology Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB-Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- The Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK
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Bláha P, Koshlan NA, Koshlan IV, Petrova DV, Bogdanova YV, Govorun RD, Múčka V, Krasavin EA. Delayed effects of accelerated heavy ions on the induction of HPRT mutations in V79 hamster cells. Mutat Res 2017; 803-805:35-41. [PMID: 28910671 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental research on the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on living cells continues to be of great interest. Recently, priority has been given to the study of high-charge and high-energy (HZE) ions that comprise a substantial part of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectra that would be encountered during long-term space flights. Moreover, predictions of the delayed genetic effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) exposure is becoming more important as heavy ion therapy use is increasing. This work focuses mainly on the basic research on the delayed effects of HZE ions on V79 Chinese hamster cells, with emphasis on the induction of HPRT mutations after prolonged expression times (ET). The research was conducted under various irradiation conditions with accelerated ions 18O (E=35.2MeV/n), 20Ne (E=47.7MeV/n and 51.8MeV/n), and 11B (E=32.4MeV/n), with LET in the range from 49 to 149 keV/μm and with 60Co γ-rays. The HPRT mutant fractions (MF) were detected in irradiated cells in regular intervals during every cell culture recultivation (every 3days) up to approximately 40days (70-80 generations) after irradiation. The MF maximum was reached at different ET depending on ionizing radiation characteristics. The position of the maximum was shifting towards longer ET with increasing LET. We speculate that the delayed mutations are created de novo and that they are the manifestation of genomic instability. Although the exact mechanisms involved in genomic instability initiation are yet to be identified, we hypothesize that differences in induction of delayed mutations by radiations with various LET values are related to variations in energy deposition along the particle track. A dose dependence of mutation yield is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bláha
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia; Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Nataliya A Koshlan
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Igor V Koshlan
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia; Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Daria V Petrova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. edv-@mail.ru
| | - Yulia V Bogdanova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Raisa D Govorun
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Viliam Múčka
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Evgeny A Krasavin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot--Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Stokkevåg CH, Schneider U, Muren LP, Newhauser W. Radiation-induced cancer risk predictions in proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 42:259-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Ishii K, Kazama Y, Morita R, Hirano T, Ikeda T, Usuda S, Hayashi Y, Ohbu S, Motoyama R, Nagamura Y, Abe T. Linear Energy Transfer-Dependent Change in Rice Gene Expression Profile after Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160061. [PMID: 27462908 PMCID: PMC4962992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A heavy-ion beam has been recognized as an effective mutagen for plant breeding and applied to the many kinds of crops including rice. In contrast with X-ray or γ-ray, the heavy-ion beam is characterized by a high linear energy transfer (LET). LET is an important factor affecting several aspects of the irradiation effect, e.g. cell survival and mutation frequency, making the heavy-ion beam an effective mutagen. To study the mechanisms behind LET-dependent effects, expression profiling was performed after heavy-ion beam irradiation of imbibed rice seeds. Array-based experiments at three time points (0.5, 1, 2 h after the irradiation) revealed that the number of up- or down-regulated genes was highest 2 h after irradiation. Array-based experiments with four different LETs at 2 h after irradiation identified LET-independent regulated genes that were up/down-regulated regardless of the value of LET; LET-dependent regulated genes, whose expression level increased with the rise of LET value, were also identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of LET-independent up-regulated genes showed that some GO terms were commonly enriched, both 2 hours and 3 weeks after irradiation. GO terms enriched in LET-dependent regulated genes implied that some factor regulates genes that have kinase activity or DNA-binding activity in cooperation with the ATM gene. Of the LET-dependent up-regulated genes, OsPARP3 and OsPCNA were identified, which are involved in DNA repair pathways. This indicates that the Ku-independent alternative non-homologous end-joining pathway may contribute to repairing complex DNA legions induced by high-LET irradiation. These findings may clarify various LET-dependent responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomonari Hirano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Sumie Ohbu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Motoyama
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nagamura
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Abe T, Kazama Y, Hirano T. Ion Beam Breeding and Gene Discovery for Function Analyses Using Mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2015.1104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Indo HP, Tomiyoshi T, Suenaga S, Tomita K, Suzuki H, Masuda D, Terada M, Ishioka N, Gusev O, Cornette R, Okuda T, Mukai C, Majima HJ. MnSOD downregulation induced by extremely low 0.1 mGy single and fractionated X-rays and microgravity treatment in human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:98-104. [PMID: 26388666 PMCID: PMC4566025 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1, was treated with 24 h of microgravity simulation by clinostat, or irradiated with extremely small X-ray doses of 0.1 or 1.0 mGy using single and 10 times fractionation regimes with 1 and 2 h time-intervals. A quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) examination was performed for apoptosis related factors (BAX, CYTC, APAF1, VDAC1–3, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9 P53, AIF, ANT1 and 2, BCL2, MnSOD, autophagy related BECN and necrosis related CYP-40. The qRT-PCR results revealed that microgravity did not result in significant changes except for a upregulation of proapoptotic VDAC2, and downregulations of proapoptotic CASP9 and antiapoptotic MnSOD. After 0.1 mGy fractionation irradiation, there was increased expression of proapoptotic APAF1 and downregulation of proapoptotic CYTC, VDAC2, VDAC3, CASP8, AIF, ANT1, and ANT2, as well as an increase in expression of antiapoptotic BCL2. There was also a decrease in MnSOD expression with 0.1 mGy fractionation irradiation. These results suggest that microgravity and low-dose radiation may decrease apoptosis but may potentially increase oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko P Indo
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tomiyoshi
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suenaga
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Life Science Research Group, Department of Science and Applications, Japan Space Forum, 3-2-1 Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Masuda
- Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Utilization & Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, 2-1-6 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - Noriaki Ishioka
- Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Department of Space Biology and Microgravity Sciences, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Department of Space Biology and Microgravity Sciences, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan ; Department of Invertebrates Zoology and Functional Morphology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University 420008, Kremevskaya str., 17 Kazan 420-008, Russia ; Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takashi Okuda
- Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Center for Applied Space Medicine and Human Research, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ; Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Alloni D, Campa A, Friedland W, Mariotti L, Ottolenghi A. Integration of Monte Carlo simulations with PFGE experimental data yields constant RBE of 2.3 for DNA double-strand break induction by nitrogen ions between 125 and 225 keV/μm LET. Radiat Res 2013; 179:690-7. [PMID: 23647004 DOI: 10.1667/r3043.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The number of small radiation-induced DNA fragments can be heavily underestimated when determined from measurements of DNA mass fractions by gel electrophoresis, leading to a consequent underestimation of the initial DNA damage induction. In this study we reanalyzed the experimental results for DNA fragmentation and DNA double-strand break (DSB) yields in human fibroblasts irradiated with γ rays and nitrogen ion beams with linear energy transfer (LET) equal to 80, 125, 175 and 225 keV/μm, originally measured by Höglund et al. (Radiat Res 155, 818-825, 2001 and Int J Radiat Biol 76, 539-547, 2000). In that study the authors converted the measured distributions of fragment masses into DNA fragment distributions using mid-range values of the measured fragment length intervals, in particular they assumed fragments with lengths in the interval of 0-48 kbp had the mid-range value of 24 kbp. However, our recent detailed simulations with the Monte Carlo code PARTRAC, while reasonably in agreement with the mass distributions, indicate significantly increased yields of very short fragments by high-LET radiation, so that the actual average fragment lengths, in the interval 0-48 kbp, 2.4 kbp for 225 keV/μm nitrogen ions were much shorter than the assumed mid-range value of 24 kbp. When the measured distributions of fragment masses are converted into fragment distributions using the average fragment lengths calculated by PARTRAC, significantly higher yields of DSB related to short fragments were obtained and resulted in a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for DSB induction yield of 2.3 for nitrogen ions at 125-225 keV/μm LET. The previously reported downward trend of the RBE values over this LET range for DSB induction appears to be an artifact of an inadequate average fragment length in the smallest interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alloni
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, Università degli studi di Pavia, Italy
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Friedrich T, Scholz U, ElsäSser T, Durante M, Scholz M. Systematic analysis of RBE and related quantities using a database of cell survival experiments with ion beam irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:494-514. [PMID: 23266948 PMCID: PMC3650740 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For tumor therapy with light ions and for experimental aspects in particle radiobiology the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is an important quantity to describe the increased effectiveness of particle radiation. By establishing and analysing a database of ion and photon cell survival data, some remarkable properties of RBE-related quantities were observed. The database consists of 855 in vitro cell survival experiments after ion and photon irradiation. The experiments comprise curves obtained in different labs, using different ion species, different irradiation modalities, the whole range of accessible energies and linear energy transfers (LETs) and various cell types. Each survival curve has been parameterized using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. The photon parameters, α and β, appear to be slightly anti-correlated, which might point toward an underlying biological mechanism. The RBE values derived from the survival curves support the known dependence of RBE on LET, on particle species and dose. A positive correlation of RBE with the ratio α/β of the photon LQ parameters is found at low doses, which unexpectedly changes to a negative correlation at high doses. Furthermore, we investigated the course of the β coefficient of the LQ model with increasing LET, finding typically a slight initial increase and a final falloff to zero. The observed fluctuations in RBE values of comparable experiments resemble overall RBE uncertainties, which is of relevance for treatment planning. The database can also be used for extensive testing of RBE models. We thus compare simulations with the local effect model to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Friedrich
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel: +49 (0)6159-71-1340; Fax: +49 (0)6159-71-2106; E-mail:
| | - Uwe Scholz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thilo ElsäSser
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Scholz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Hase Y, Yoshihara R, Nozawa S, Narumi I. Mutagenic effects of carbon ions near the range end in plants. Mutat Res 2012; 731:41-7. [PMID: 22027091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the mutagenic effects of accelerated heavy ions in plants, the mutagenic effects of carbon ions near the range end (mean linear energy transfer (LET): 425keV/μm) were compared with the effects of carbon ions penetrating the seeds (mean LET: 113keV/μm). Mutational analysis by plasmid rescue of Escherichia coli rpsL from irradiated Arabidopsis plants showed a 2.7-fold increase in mutant frequency for 113keV/μm carbon ions, whereas no enhancement of mutant frequency was observed for carbon ions near the range end. This suggested that carbon ions near the range end induced mutations that were not recovered by plasmid rescue. An Arabidopsis DNA ligase IV mutant, deficient in non-homologous end-joining repair, showed hyper-sensitivity to both types of carbon-ion irradiation. The difference in radiation sensitivity between the wild type and the repair-deficient mutant was greatly diminished for carbon ions near the range end, suggesting that these ions induce irreparable DNA damage. Mutational analysis of the Arabidopsis GL1 locus showed that while the frequency of generation of glabrous mutant sectors was not different between the two types of carbon-ion irradiation, large deletions (>∼30kb) were six times more frequently induced by carbon ions near the range end. When 352keV/μm neon ions were used, these showed a 6.4 times increase in the frequency of induced large deletions compared with the 113keV/μm carbon ions. We suggest that the proportion of large deletions increases with LET in plants, as has been reported for mammalian cells. The nature of mutations induced in plants by carbon ions near the range end is discussed in relation to mutation detection by plasmid rescue and transmissibility to progeny.
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Kazama Y, Hirano T, Saito H, Liu Y, Ohbu S, Hayashi Y, Abe T. Characterization of highly efficient heavy-ion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:161. [PMID: 22085561 PMCID: PMC3261129 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy-ion mutagenesis is recognised as a powerful technology to generate new mutants, especially in higher plants. Heavy-ion beams show high linear energy transfer (LET) and thus more effectively induce DNA double-strand breaks than other mutagenic techniques. Previously, we determined the most effective heavy-ion LET (LETmax: 30.0 keV μm(-1)) for Arabidopsis mutagenesis by analysing the effect of LET on mutation induction. However, the molecular structure of mutated DNA induced by heavy ions with LETmax remains unclear. Knowledge of the structure of mutated DNA will contribute to the effective exploitation of heavy-ion beam mutagenesis. RESULTS Dry Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were irradiated with carbon (C) ions with LETmax at a dose of 400 Gy and with LET of 22.5 keV μm(-1) at doses of 250 Gy or 450 Gy. The effects on mutation frequency and alteration of DNA structure were compared. To characterise the structure of mutated DNA, we screened the well-characterised mutants elongated hypocotyls (hy) and glabrous (gl) and identified mutated DNA among the resulting mutants by high-resolution melting curve, PCR and sequencing analyses. The mutation frequency induced by C ions with LETmax was two-fold higher than that with 22.5 keV μm(-1) and similar to the mutation frequency previously induced by ethyl methane sulfonate. We identified the structure of 22 mutated DNAs. Over 80% of the mutations caused by C ions with both LETs were base substitutions or deletions/insertions of less than 100 bp. The other mutations involved large rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS The C ions with LETmax showed high mutation efficiency and predominantly induced base substitutions or small deletions/insertions, most of which were null mutations. These small alterations can be determined by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection systems. Therefore, C ions with LETmax might be useful as a highly efficient reverse genetic system in conjunction with SNP detection systems, and will be beneficial for forward genetics and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kazama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hirano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sumie Ohbu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoriko Hayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Okayasu R. Repair of DNA damage induced by accelerated heavy ions--a mini review. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:991-1000. [PMID: 21935920 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing use of heavy ions for cancer therapy and concerns from exposure to heavy charged particles in space necessitate the study of the basic biological mechanisms associated with exposure to heavy ions. As the most critical damage induced by ionizing radiation is DNA double strand break (DSB), this review focuses on DSBs induced by heavy ions and their repair processes. Compared with X- or gamma-rays, high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ion radiation induces more complex DNA damage, categorized into DSBs and non-DSB oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDL). This complexity makes the DNA repair process more difficult, partially due to retarded enzymatic activities, leading to increased chromosome aberrations and cell death. In general, the repair process following heavy ion exposure is LET-dependent, but with nonhomologous end joining defective cells, this trend is less emphasized. The variation in cell survival levels throughout the cell cycle is less prominent in cells exposed to high-LET heavy ions when compared with low LET, but this mechanism has not been well understood until recently. Involvement of several DSB repair proteins is suggested to underlie this interesting phenomenon. Recent improvements in radiation-induced foci studies combined with high-LET heavy ion exposure could provide a useful opportunity for more in depth study of DSB repair processes. Accelerated heavy ions have become valuable tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying repair of DNA DSBs, the most crucial form of DNA damage induced by radiation and various chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Okayasu
- International Open Laboratory and Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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20
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Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Rejoining kinetics of G1-PCC breaks induced by different heavy-ion beams with a similar LET value. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 701:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moeller R, Reitz G, Berger T, Okayasu R, Nicholson WL, Horneck G. Astrobiological aspects of the mutagenesis of cosmic radiation on bacterial spores. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:509-521. [PMID: 20624059 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2009.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on their unique resistance to various space parameters, Bacillus endospores are one of the model systems used for astrobiological studies. In this study, spores of B. subtilis were used to study the effects of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on spore survival and induced mutagenesis. In interplanetary space, outside Earth's protective magnetic field, spore-containing rocks would be exposed to bombardment by high-energy charged particle radiation from galactic sources and from the Sun, which consists of photons (X-rays, gamma rays), protons, electrons, and heavy, high-energy charged (HZE) particles. B. subtilis spores were irradiated with X-rays and accelerated heavy ions (helium, carbon, silicon and iron) in the linear energy transfer (LET) range of 2-200 keV/mum. Spore survival and the rate of the induced mutations to rifampicin resistance (Rif(R)) depended on the LET of the applied species of ions and radiation, whereas the exposure to high-energy charged particles, for example, iron ions, led to a low level of spore survival and increased frequency of mutation to Rif(R) compared to low-energy charged particles and X-rays. Twenty-one Rif(R) mutant spores were isolated from X-ray and heavy ion-irradiated samples. Nucleotide sequencing located the Rif(R) mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase. Most mutations were primarily found in Cluster I and were predicted to result in amino acid changes at residues Q469L, A478V, and H482P/Y. Four previously undescribed alleles in B. subtilis rpoB were isolated: L467P, R484P, and A488P in Cluster I and H507R in the spacer between Clusters I and II. The spectrum of Rif(R) mutations arising from spores exposed to components of GCR is distinctly different from those of spores exposed to simulated space vacuum and martian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Cologne, Germany.
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Kitajima S, Nakamura H, Adachi M, Ijichi K, Yasui Y, Saito N, Suzuki M, Kurita K, Ishizaki K. AT cells show dissimilar hypersensitivity to heavy-ion and X-rays irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:251-255. [PMID: 20197645 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells, with their defective double-strand break (DSB) repair processes, exhibit high sensitivity to low-LET radiation such as X-rays irradiation and gamma beams. Since heavy ion beam treatment for cancer is becoming increasingly common in Japan and elsewhere, it is important to also determine their sensitivity to high-LET radiation. For this purpose we irradiated AT and normal human cells immortalized with the human telomerase gene using high- (24-60 keV/microm carbon and 200 keV/microm iron ions) or low-LET (X-rays) radiation in non-proliferative conditions. In normal cells the RBE (relative biological effectiveness) of carbon and iron ions increased from 1.19 to 1.81 in proportion to LET. In contrast, their RBE in AT cells increased from 1.32 at 24 keV/microm to 1.59 at 40 keV/microm, and exhibited a plateau at over 40 keV/microm. In normal cells most gamma-H2AX foci induced by both carbon- and iron-ion beams had disappeared at 40 h. In AT cells, however, a significant number of gamma-H2AX foci were still observed at 40 h. The RBEs found in the AT cells after heavy-ion irradiation were consistent with the effects predicted from the presence of non-homologous end joining defects. The DSBs remaining after heavy-ion irradiation suggested defects in the AT cells' DSB repair ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Kitajima
- Central Laboratory and Radiation Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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Alloni D, Campa A, Belli M, Esposito G, Facoetti A, Friedland W, Liotta M, Mariotti L, Paretzke HG, Ottolenghi A. A Monte Carlo Study of the Radiation Quality Dependence of DNA Fragmentation Spectra. Radiat Res 2010; 173:263-71. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1957.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Takahashi A, Nagamatsu A, Su X, Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Omori K, Suzuki H, Shimazu T, Seki M, Hashizume T, Iwasaki T, Ishioka N, Ohnishi T. The First Life Science Experiments in ISS: Reports of "Rad Gene"-Space Radiation Effects on Human Cultured Cells-. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.24.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Al-Jahdari WS, Suzuki Y, Yoshida Y, Hamada N, Shirai K, Noda SE, Funayama T, Sakashita T, Kobayashi Y, Saito S, Goto F, Nakano T. The radiobiological effectiveness of carbon-ion beams on growing neurons. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:700-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000903020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhou L, Li W, Yu L, Li P, Li Q, Ma S, Dong X, Zhou G, Leloup C. Linear energy transfer dependence of the effects of carbon ion beams on adventitious shoot regeneration fromin vitroleaf explants ofSaintpaulia ionahta. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:473-81. [PMID: 16882619 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600863080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of carbon ion beams with five different linear energy transfer (LET) values on adventitious shoots from in vitro leaf explants of Saintpaulia ionahta Mauve cultivar with regard to tissue increase, shoots differentiation and morphology changes in the shoots. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro leaf explant samples were irradiated with carbon ion beams with LET values in the range of 31 approximately 151 keV/microm or 8 MeV of X-rays (LET = 0.2 keV/microm) at different doses. Fresh weight increase, surviving fraction and percentage of the explants with regenerated malformed shoots in all the irradiated leaf explants were statistically analysed. RESULTS The fresh weight increase (FWI) and surviving fraction (SF) decreased dramatically with increasing LET at the same doses. In addition, malformed shoots, including curliness, carnification, nicks and chlorophyll deficiency, occurred in both carbon ion beam and X-ray irradiations. The induction frequency with the former, however, was far more than that with the X-rays. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated the LET dependence of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of tissue culture of Saintpaulia ionahta according to 50% FWI and 50% SF. After irradiating leaf explants with 5 Gy of a 221 MeV carbon ion beam having a LET value of 96 keV/microm throughout the sample, a chlorophyll-deficient (CD) mutant, which could transmit the character of chlorophyll deficiency to its progeny through three continuous tissue culture cycles, and plantlets with other malformations were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Jing X, Li W, Wang Z, Wei W, Guo C, Lu D, Yang J. Radiosensitivity of hepatoma cell lines and human normal liver cell lines exposed in vitro to carbon ions and argon ions at the HIRFL. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Toyokuni H, Maruo A, Suzuki K, Watanabe M. The Contribution of Radiation-Induced Large Deletion of the Genome to Chromosomal Instability. Radiat Res 2009; 171:198-203. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1464.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Furusawa Y, Anzai K, Okayasu R. The Influence of Mutation Induction in Normal Human Fibroblasts Irradiated with X Rays and Iron Ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.23.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Hande MP, Furusawa Y, Anzai K, Okayasu R. The difference in LET and ion species dependence for induction of initially measured and non-rejoined chromatin breaks in normal human fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2008; 170:163-71. [PMID: 18666815 DOI: 10.1667/rr1279.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the LET and ion species dependence of the induction of chromatin breaks measured immediately after irradiation as initially measured breaks and after 24 h postirradiation incubation (37 degrees C) as non-rejoined breaks in normal human fibroblasts with different heavy ions, such as carbon, neon, silicon and iron, generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS). Chromatin breaks were measured as an excess number of fragments of prematurely condensed chromosomes using premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The results showed that the number of excess fragments per cell per Gy for initially measured chromatin breaks was dependent on LET in the range from 13.3 to 113.1 keV/mum but was not dependent on ion species. On the other hand, the number of non-rejoined chromatin breaks detected after 24 h postirradiation incubation was clearly dependent on both LET and ion species. No significant difference was observed in the cross section for initially measured breaks, but a statistically significant difference was observed in the cross section for non-rejoined breaks among carbon, neon, silicon and iron ions. This suggests that the LET-dependent structure in the biological effects is reflected in biological consequences of repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Tsuruoka
- Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
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High yields of isochromatid breaks and successive formation of chromosome exchanges may lead to reproductive cell death following high-LET irradiation. Open Life Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-008-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTo clarify the relationship between cell death and chromosomal aberrations following exposure to heavy-charged ion particles beams, exponentially growing Human Salivary Gland Tumor cells (HSG cells) were irradiated with various kinds of high energy heavy ions; 13 keV/μm carbon ions as a low-LET charged particle radiation source, 120 keV/μm carbon ions and 440 keV/μm iron ions as high-LET charged particle radiation sources. X-rays (200 kVp) were used as a reference. Reproductive cell death was evaluated by clonogenic assays, and the chromatid aberrations in G2/M phase and their repairing kinetics were analyzed by the calyculin A induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method. High-LET heavy-ion beams introduced much more severe and un-repairable chromatid breaks and isochromatid breaks in HSG cells than low-LET irradiation. In addition, the continuous increase of exchange aberrations after irradiation occurred in the high-LET irradiated cells. The cell death, initial production of isochromatid breaks and subsequent formation of chromosome exchange seemed to be depend similarly on LET with a maximum RBE peak around 100–200 keV/μm of LET value. Conversely, un-rejoined isochromatid breaks or chromatid breaks/gaps seemed to be less effective in reproductive cell death. These results suggest that the continuous yield of chromosome exchange aberrations induced by high-LET ionizing particles is a possible reason for the high RBE for cell death following high-LET irradiation, alongside other chromosomal aberrations additively or synergistically.
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A method on theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions. Radiol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/v10019-007-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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35
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A correlation between radiation sensitivity and initial chromatid breaks in cancer cell lines revealed by Calyculin A-induced premature condensation. Open Life Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-006-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThree human malignancy cell lines were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays. Initial chromatid breaks were measured by using the chemically induced premature chromosome condensation technique. Survival curves of cells exposed to gamma rays was linear-quadratic while the efficiency of Calyculin A in inducing PCC of G2 PCC was about five times more than G1 PCC. A dose-dependent increase in radiation-induced chromatid/isochromatid breaks was observed in G1 and G2 phase PCC and a nearly positive linear correlation was found between cell survival and chromatin breaks. This study implies that low LET radiation-induced chromatid/isochromatid breaks can potentially be used to predict the radiosensitivity of tumor cells either in in vitro experimentation or in in vivo clinical radiotherapy.
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Hamada N, Funayama T, Wada S, Sakashita T, Kakizaki T, Ni M, Kobayashi Y. LET-dependent survival of irradiated normal human fibroblasts and their descendents. Radiat Res 2006; 166:24-30. [PMID: 16808611 DOI: 10.1667/rr3579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated showing that ionizing radiations persistently perturb genomic stability and induce delayed reproductive death in the progeny of survivors; however, the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of these inductions has not been fully characterized. We have investigated the cell killing effectiveness of gamma rays (0.2 keV/microm) and six different beams of heavy-ion particles with LETs ranging from 16.2 to 1610 keV/microm in normal human fibroblasts. First, irradiated confluent density-inhibited cultures were plated for primary colony formation, revealing that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) based on the primary 10% survival dose peaked at 108 keV/microm and that the inactivation cross section increased proportionally up to 437 keV/microm. Second, cells harvested from primary colonies were plated for secondary colony formation, showing that delayed reproductive death occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. While the RBE based on the secondary 80% survival dose peaked at 108 keV/microm, very little difference in LET was observed in the RBE based on secondary survival at the primary 10% survival dose. Our present results indicate that delayed reproductive death arising only during secondary colony formation is independent of LET and is more likely to be dependent on initial damages having been fixed during primary colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Department of Quantum Biology, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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37
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Wang ZZ, Li WJ, Zhang H, Yang JS, Qiu R, Wang X. Comparison of clonogenic assay with premature chromosome condensation assay in prediction of human cell radiosensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2601-5. [PMID: 16688809 PMCID: PMC4087996 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i16.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether the number of non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks can predict the radiosensitivity of human cell lines.
METHODS: Cell lines of human ovary carcinoma cells (HO8910), human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and liver cells (L02) were irradiated with a range of doses and assessed both of cell survival and non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks at 24 h after irradiation. Cell survival was documented by a colony assay. Non-rejoining G2-chromatid breaks were measured by counting the number of non-rejoining G2 chromatid breaks at 24 h after irradiation, detected by the prematurely chromosome condensed (PCC) technique.
RESULTS: A linear-quadratic survival curve was observed in three cell lines, and HepG2 was the most sensitive to γ-radiation. A dose-dependent linear increase was observed in radiation-induced non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks measured at 24 h after irradiation in all cell lines, and HepG2 was the most susceptible to induction of non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks. A close correlation was found between the clonogenic radiosensitivity and the radiation-induced non-rejoining G2-PCC breaks (r = 0.923). Furthermore, survival-aberration correlations for two or more than two doses lever were also significant.
CONCLUSION: The number of non-rejoining G2 PCC breaks holds considerable promise for predicting the radiosensitivity of normal and tumor cells when two or more than two doses lever is tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Zi Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Kanai T, Kato T, Yatagai F, Watanabe M. Cellular and molecular effects for mutation induction in normal human cells irradiated with accelerated neon ions. Mutat Res 2006; 594:86-92. [PMID: 16293269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of mutation induction on the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus in normal human fibroblast-like cells irradiated with accelerated neon-ion beams. The cells were irradiated with neon-ion beams at various LETs ranging from 63 to 335 keV/microm. Neon-ion beams were accelerated by the Riken Ring Cyclotron at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Japan. Mutation induction at the HPRT locus was detected to measure 6-thioguanine-resistant clones. The mutation spectrum of the deletion pattern of exons of mutants was analyzed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The dose-response curves increased steeply up to 0.5 Gy and leveled off or decreased between 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, compared to the response to (137)Cs gamma-rays. The mutation frequency increased up to 105 keV/microm and then there was a downward trend with increasing LET values. The deletion pattern of exons was non-specific. About 75-100% of the mutants produced using LETs ranging from 63 to 335 keV/mum showed all or partial deletions of exons, while among gamma-ray-induced mutants 30% showed no deletions, 30% partial deletions and 40% complete deletions. These results suggested that the dose-response curves of neon-ion-induced mutations were dependent upon LET values, but the deletion pattern of DNA was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological, Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Japan.
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39
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Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Uchihori Y, Ebisawa S, Yasuda H, Fujitaka K. Reduction in Life Span of Normal Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Very Low-Dose-Rate Charged Particles. Radiat Res 2005; 164:505-8. [PMID: 16187757 DOI: 10.1667/rr3389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of chronic low-dose irradiation with heavy ions on the life span of normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Cells were cultured in a CO2 incubator that was placed in the irradiation room for biological studies of heavy ions in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) and were exposed to scattered radiations produced by heavy-ion beams for the life span of the cell population. The absorbed dose, which was measured using a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) and a silicon semiconductor detector, was 1.4 mGy per day when the HIMAC was operated for biological experiments. The total number of population doublings of the exposed cells as reduced to 79-93% of that of nonexposed control cells. However, the life span of cells exposed to low-dose 137Cs gamma rays (approximately 1 mGy/day) in the CO2 incubator in the gamma-irradiation room in NIRS was prolonged to 104-106% of that of nonexposed control cells. Thus there is evidence that exposure to chronic low-dose heavy-ion radiation reduces the life span of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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40
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Yang JS, Li WJ, Zhou GM, Jin XD, Xia JG, Wang JF, Wang ZZ, Guo CL, Gao QX. Comparative study on radiosensitivity of various tumor cells and human normal liver cells. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:4098-101. [PMID: 15996038 PMCID: PMC4502109 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i26.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the radiation response of various human tumor cells and normal liver cells.
METHODS: Cell lines of human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721), liver cells (L02), melanoma cells (A375) and cervical tumor (HeLa) were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays. Cell survive was documented by a colony assay. Chromatid breaks were measured by counting the number of chromatid breaks and isochromatid breaks immediately after prematurely chromosome condensed by Calyculin-A.
RESULTS: Linear quadratic survival curve was observed in all of four cell lines, and dose-dependent increase in radiation-induced chromatid and isochromatid breaks were observed in GB2B phase. Among these four cell lines, A375 was most sensitive to radiation, while, L02 had the lowest radiosensitivity. For normal liver cells, chromatid breaks were easy to be repaired, isochromatid breaks were difficult to be repaired.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the γ-rays induced chromatid breaks can be possibly used as a good predictor of radiosensitivity, also, unrejoined isochromatid breaks probably tightly related with cell cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-She Yang
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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41
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Tsuruoka C, Suzuki M, Kanai T, Fujitaka K. LET and ion species dependence for cell killing in normal human skin fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2005; 163:494-500. [PMID: 15850410 DOI: 10.1667/rr3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the LET and ion species dependence of the RBE for cell killing to clarify the differences in the biological effects caused by the differences in the track structure that result from the different energy depositions for different ions. Normal human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with heavy-ion beams such as carbon, neon, silicon and iron ions that were generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) in Japan. Cell killing was measured as reproductive cell death using a colony formation assay. The RBE-LET curves were different for carbon ions and for the other ions. The curve for carbon ions increased steeply up to around 98 keV/microm. The RBE of carbon ions at 98 keV/microm was 4.07. In contrast, the curves for neon, silicon and iron ions had maximum peaks around 180 keV/microm, and the RBEs at the peak position ranged from 3.03 to 3.39. When the RBEs were plotted as a function of Z*2/beta2 (where Z* is the effective charge and beta is the relative velocity of the ion) instead of LET, the discrepancies between the RBE-LET curves for the different ion beams were reduced, but branching of the RBE-Z*2/beta2 curves still remained. When the inactivation cross section was plotted as a function of either LET or Z*2/beta2, it increased with increasing LET. However, the inactivation cross section was always smaller than the geometrical cross section. These results suggest that the differences in the energy deposition track structures of the different ion sources have an effect on cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Tsuruoka
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Chiba, Japan
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42
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Li Q, Kanai T, Kitagawa A. The potential application of β-delayed particle decay beam9C in cancer therapy. Phys Med Biol 2004; 49:1817-31. [PMID: 15152933 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/9/016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A radioactive ion beam like 9C serves as a double radiation source and may be useful in cancer treatment, where the essential irradiation comes from the external beam itself and the extra one is due to the low-energy particles emitted internally during the decay of 9C. Based on the microdosimetric specific energy spectrum in cell nuclei, a model to evaluate the biological effect induced by the internally emitted particles from a beta-delayed particle decay beam has been developed. In this paper, using this model the additional contributions to the cell-killing effect due to the emitted particles from stopping 9C ions were incorporated in the design of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) for radioactive 9C beams. For this purpose, a simulated annealing algorithm was employed to optimize the superposing weighting fractions of all monoenergetic beams so that a uniform cell survival level could be realized across the SOBP within an acceptable deviation of 5%. SOBPs with different widths and at different cell survival levels were designed for both therapeutic 9C and 12C beams for comparison. The potential use of the 9C beam in radiotherapy compared to the 12C beam, which is commonly adopted in the practices of current heavy-ion therapy, is shown systematically in terms of the distributions of biological effective dose and cell survival along the beam penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Medical Physics, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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43
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Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Kanai T, Kato T, Yatagai F, Watanabe M. Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 17:302-6. [PMID: 15136753 DOI: 10.2187/bss.17.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the difference in cell-killing effect and mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Carbon- and neon-ion beams were accelerated by the Riken Ring Cyclotron (RRC) at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Japan. Cell-killing effect was measured as the reproductive cell death using the colony formation assay. Mutation induction at the HPRT locus was detected to measure 6-thioguanine-resistant clones. The mutation spectrum of the deletion pattern of exons of induced mutants was analyzed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cell-killing effect was almost the same between carbon- and neon-ion beams with similar linear energy transfer (LET) values, while there observed a large difference in mutation frequency. Furthermore, in the case of neon-ion beams 60% of mutants showed total deletions and 35-40% showed partial deletions, while 95-100% of carbon-ion induced mutants showed total deletions. The results suggest that different ion species may cause qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction even if the LET values are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Suzuki
- International Space Radiation Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263, Japan.
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44
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Yatagai F, Kurobe T, Nohmi T, Masumura KI, Tsukada T, Yamaguchi H, Kasai-Eguchi K, Fukunishi N. Heavy-ion-induced mutations in the gpt delta transgenic mouse: effect of p53 gene knockout. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2002; 40:216-225. [PMID: 12355556 DOI: 10.1002/em.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the loss of p53 gene on heavy-ion-induced mutations was examined by constructing a new line of transgenic mice, p53 knockout (p53(-/-)) gpt delta. In this mouse model, deletions in lambda DNA integrated into the mouse genome are preferentially selected as Spi(-) phages, which can then be subjected to molecular analysis. Mice were exposed to 10 Gy of whole-body carbon-ion irradiation. The carbon ions were accelerated to 135 MeV/u by the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. The p53 defect markedly enhanced the Spi(-) mutant frequency (MF) in the kidneys of mice exposed to C-ion irradiation: the Spi(-) MF increased 4.4- and 2.8-fold over the background level after irradiation in p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) mice, respectively. There was no significant difference in the background Spi(-) MF between p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) mice. Sequence analysis of the Spi(-) mutants indicated that the enhancement of kidney Spi(-) MF in p53(-/-) mice was primarily due to an increase in complex or rearranged-type deletions. In contrast to the kidney, the p53 defect had no effect on the Spi(-) MF in liver: Spi(-) MF increased 3.0- and 2.7-fold after the irradiation in p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) mice, respectively. Our results suggest that p53 suppresses deletion mutations induced by heavy-ion irradiation in an organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Yatagai
- Division of Radioisotope Technology, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Saitama, Japan.
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Suzuki M, Piao C, Hall EJ, Hei TK. Cell killing and chromatid damage in primary human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with accelerated 56Fe ions. Radiat Res 2001; 155:432-9. [PMID: 11182794 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0432:ckacdi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined cell killing and chromatid damage in primary human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with high-energy 56Fe ions. Cells were irradiated with graded doses of 56Fe ions (1 GeV/nucleon) accelerated with the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The survival curves for cells plated 1 h after irradiation (immediate plating) showed little or no shoulder. However, the survival curves for cells plated 24 h after irradiation (delayed plating) had a small initial shoulder. The RBE for 56Fe ions compared to 137Cs gamma rays was 1.99 for immediate plating and 2.73 for delayed plating at the D10. The repair ratio (delayed plating/immediate plating) was 1.67 for 137Cs gamma rays and 1.22 for 56Fe ions. The dose-response curves for initially measured and residual chromatid fragments detected by the Calyculin A-mediated premature chromosome condensation technique showed a linear response. The results indicated that the induction frequency for initially measured fragments was the same for 137Cs gamma rays and 56Fe ions. On the other hand, approximately 85% of the fragments induced by 137Cs gamma rays had rejoined after 24 h of postirradiation incubation; the corresponding amount for 56Fe ions was 37%. Furthermore, the frequency of chromatid exchanges induced by gamma rays measured 24 h after irradiation was higher than that induced by 56Fe ions. No difference in the amount of chromatid damage induced by the two types of radiations was detected when assayed 1 h after irradiation. The results suggest that high-energy 56Fe ions induce a higher frequency of complex, unrepairable damage at both the cellular and chromosomal levels than 137Cs gamma rays in the target cells for radiation-induced lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Ofuchi T, Suzuki M, Kase Y, Ando K, Isono K, Ochiai T. Chromosome breakage and cell lethality in human hepatoma cells irradiated with X rays and carbon-ion beams. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 1999; 40:125-133. [PMID: 10494144 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.40.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of radiosensitivity would be valuable for heavy-ion radiotherapy. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique has been a potential predictive assay in photon radiotherapy, but has not been investigated for hepatomas receiving heavy ions. Two human hepatoma cell lines, i.e., HLE and HLF, were irradiated with either 290 MeV/u carbon ions or 200 kVp X rays. Cell lethality was assayed by colony formation and compared with the unrejoined fraction of chromatin breaks as measured by PCC technique. Carbon ions at linear energy transfer (LET) of 76 keV/micron produced cell death more effectively than those of 13 keV/micron and X rays. For the cell killing, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 13 and 76 keV/micron carbon ions compared with X rays was 1.10-1.24 and 2.57-2.59, respectively. Mean number of chromosomes in HLE and HLF cells was similar to each other, i.e., 60.48 and 60.28. RBEs for chromatin breaks of 13 and 76 keV/micron carbon ions were 1.30-1.31 and 2.64-2.79, respectively. A strong correlation between unrejoined chromatin breaks and cell killing for human hepatoma cells was observed irrespective of radiation quality. We conclude that PCC provides a potential predictor for the radiosensitivity of individual hepatoma that are treated with photon as well as heavy ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ofuchi
- Space and Particle Radiation Science Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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47
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Suzuki M, Kase Y, Nakano T, Kanai T, Ando K. Residual chromatin breaks as biodosimetry for cell killing by carbon ions. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1998; 22:1663-1671. [PMID: 11542410 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the relationship between cell killing and the induction of residual chromatin breaks on various human cell lines and primary cultured cells obtained by biopsy from patients irradiated with either X-rays or heavy-ion beams to identify potential bio-marker of radiosensitivity for radiation-induced cell killing. The carbon-ion beams were accelerated with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). Six primary cultures obtained by biopsy from 6 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were irradiated with two different mono-LET beams (LET = 13 keV/micrometer, 76 keV/micrometer) and 200kV X rays. Residual chromatin breaks were measured by counting the number of non-rejoining chromatin fragments detected by the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique after a 24 hour post-irradiation incubation period. The induction rate of residual chromatin breaks per cell per Gy was the highest for 76 keV/micrometer beams on all of the cells. Our results indicated that cell which was more sensitive to the cell killing was similarly more susceptible to induction of residual chromatin breaks. Furthermore there is a good correlation between these two end points in various cell lines and primary cultured cells. This suggests that the detection of residual chromatin breaks by the PCC technique may be useful as a predictive assay of tumor response to cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Space and Particle Radiation Science Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan
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48
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Han Z, Suzuki H, Suzuki F, Suzuki M, Furusawa Y, Kato T, Ikenaga M. Neoplastic transformation of hamster embyro cells by heavy ions. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1998; 22:1725-1732. [PMID: 11542417 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the induction of morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by low doses of heavy ions with different linear energy transfer (LET), ranging from 13 to 400 keV/micrometer. Exponentially growing cells were irradiated with 12C or 28Si ion beams generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), inoculated to culture dishes, and transformed colonies were identified when the cells were densely stacked and showed a crisscross pattern. Over the LET range examined, the frequency of transformation induced by the heavy ions increased sharply at very low doses no greater than 5 cGy. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the heavy ions relative to 250 kVp X-rays showed an initial increase with LET, reaching a maximum value of about 7 at 100 keV/micrometer, and then decreased with the further increase in LET. Thus, we confirmed that high LET heavy ions are significantly more effective than X-rays for the induction of in vitro cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Han
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Japan
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Suzuki M, Kase Y, Kanai T, Ando K. Correlation between cell death and induction of non-rejoining PCC breaks by carbon-ion beams. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1998; 22:561-568. [PMID: 11542786 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have shown a correlation between cell death and induction of non-rejoining chromatin breaks in two normal human cells and three human tumor cell lines irradiated by carbon-ion beams and X rays. Non-rejoining chromatin breaks were measured by counting the number of remaining chromatin fragments detected by the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique. Carbon-ion beams were accelerated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The cells were irradiated by two different mono-LET beams (LET = 13 keV/micrometer and 77 keV/micrometer ) and 200 kV X rays. The RBE values of cell death for carbon-ion beams relative to X rays were 1.1 to 1.4 for 13 keV/micrometer beams and 2.5 to 2.9 for 77 keV/micrometer beams. The induction rate of non-rejoining PCC breaks per cell per Gy was found to be highest for the 77 keV/micrometer beams for all of the cell lines. The results found in this study show that there is a good correlation between cell death and induction of non-rejoining PCC breaks for these human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan
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