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Murat H, Awang Kechik MM, Chew MT, Kamal I, Abdul Karim MK. Bibliometric Review of Optimization and Image Processing of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging System between 1981-2022. Curr Med Imaging 2024; 20:CMIR-EPUB-139684. [PMID: 38616750 DOI: 10.2174/0115734056282004240403042345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PET scan stands as a valuable diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine, enabling the observation of metabolic and physiological changes at a molecular level. However, PET scans have a number of drawbacks, such as poor spatial resolution, noisy images, scattered radiation, artifacts, and radiation exposure. These challenges demonstrate the need for optimization in image processing techniques. OBJECTIVES Our objective is to identify the evolving trends and impacts of publication in this field, as well as the most productive and influential countries, institutions, authors, themes, and articles. METHODS A bibliometric study was conducted using a comprehensive query string such as "positron emission tomography" AND "image processing" AND optimization to retrieve 1,783 publications from 1981 to 2022 found in the Scopus database related to this field of study. RESULTS The findings revealed that the most influential country, institution, and authors are from the USA, and the most prevalent theme is TOF PET image reconstruction. CONCLUSION The increasing trend in publication in the field of optimization of image processing in PET scans would address the challenges in PET scan by reducing radiation exposure, faster scanning speed, as well as enhancing lesion identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Murat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Izdihar Kamal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chia YC, Ching SM, Ooi PB, Beh HC, Chew MT, Chung FFL, Kumar N, Lim HM. Measurement accuracy and reliability of self-reported versus measured weight and height among adults in Malaysia: Findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening programme. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280483. [PMID: 36649290 PMCID: PMC9844876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies reporting prevalence of obesity use actual weight and height measurements. Self-reported weight and height have been used in epidemiological studies as they have been shown to be reliable, convenient, and inexpensive alternatives to actual measurements. However, the accuracy of self-reported weight and height might vary in different regions because of the difference in health awareness and social influences. This study aims to determine the accuracy and reliability of self-reported weight and height compared to actual measured weight and height among adults in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the community level during blood pressure screening campaigns. Participants self-reported their weight and height in a questionnaire survey. Their weight and height were validated using measurements by researchers on the same setting. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-27.4 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2). Bland-Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients and weighted Kappa statistics were used to assess the degree of agreement between self-reported and measured weight and height. A total of 2781 participants were recruited in this study. The difference between the mean self-reported and measured weight and height were 0.4 kg and 0.4 cm respectively. Weighted Kappa statistics analysis showed that there was a substantial agreement between the BMI classifications derived from self-reported and actual measurement (ҡ = 0.920, p<0.001). There was no marked difference in the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported BMI among Malaysian adults by gender. We observed substantial agreement between self-reported and measured body weight and height within a sample of Malaysian adults. While self-reported body weight showed weaker agreement with actual measurements particularly for obese and overweight individuals, BMI values derived from self-reported weight and height were accurate for 88.53% of the participants. We thus conclude that self-reported height and weight measures may be useful for tracking and estimating population trends amongst Malaysian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Chin Beh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chia YC, Chung FFL, Ooi PB, Chew MT, Cheng DMH. PS-P03-10: SETTING UP OF MYWASSH, THE MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR WORLD ACTION ON SALT, SUGAR AND HEALTH: PROMOTE SALT REDUCTION IN MALAYSIA. J Hypertens 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000915224.10328.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kayun Z, Abdul Karim MK, Harun HH, Shaari AH, Mahmud R, Hamid HA, Sabarudin A, Chew MT. Radiation doses and size-specific dose estimate from CT brain examinations according to head sizes in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen EJ, Safwan Selvam HS, Tan TH, Chew MT. Quantitative analysis of xQuant reconstruction algorithm in SPECT/CT. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chew MT, Daar E, Khandaker MU, Jones B, Nisbet A, Bradley DA. Low radiation dose to treat pneumonia and other inflammations. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201265. [PMID: 34192471 PMCID: PMC8764926 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection, the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, causes reactive inflammation mediated by endogenous signals, with influx of leucocytes with distinct properties and capable of mounting a cellular or antibody response. Different forms of inflammation may also occur in response to tumours, in allergy and autoimmune disorders. Pneumonia, respiratory tract infection and septic shock for instance can arise as serious complications of the Covid-19 virus. While radiotherapy has been most widely used to control malignant tumours, it has also been used for treatment of non-malignant diseases, including acute and chronic inflammation in situations where anti-inflammatory drugs may be ineffective or contraindicated. The present review examines the history and prospects for low-dose anti-inflammatory radiation treatments, the present interest largely being motivated by the increased incidence of pulmonary disease associated Covid-19 infections. Evidence in support of the suggested efficacy are covered, together with an appraisal of one of the number of potential convenient sources that could complement external beam arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tsuey Chew
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bleddyn Jones
- Gray Laboratory, CRUK/MRC Oxford Centre, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, UK
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Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Chook JB, Chew MT, Ooi PB, Mohamed M, Draman N, Ng WL, Gani AHM, Thiagarajan N, Zulghaffar Z, Beaney T, Day E, Poulter NR, Ching SM. May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Malaysia. Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:B98-B100. [PMID: 34054370 PMCID: PMC8141950 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite hypertension remaining the leading cause of death worldwide, awareness of hypertension and its control rate is still suboptimal in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the proportion of both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension, awareness and its control rate during the yearly May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign that has been coordinated by the International Society of Hypertension. Participants aged ≥18 years were recruited at various screening sites namely universities, health facilities, shopping malls, and other sites. Participant’s socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle data were captured using a questionnaire. Three blood pressure (BP) readings as well as anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants. The mean of the second and third BP readings was used in analyses. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication. A total of 3062 participants were recruited. The proportion with hypertension in our study was 18.7% (n = 572). The proportion who were aware of their BP status was 63.2%. More than half (57.2%) of the hypertensives were on antihypertensive medication and 70.3% of those treated were controlled. In conclusion, in this BP screening campaign, one in five were hypertensive with almost two thirds aware of their hypertensive status. BP control among those who are taking medications was high at 70% but under 60% of hypertensives were on treatment. Hypertension screening programmes are important to promote awareness and control of hypertension as well as to reduce the devastating complications associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohazmi Mohamed
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Student Health Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Jalan Universiti, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nani Draman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 15200 Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Leik Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Mohamad Gani
- Mahmoodiah Government Health Clinic, JKR 6274, Jalan Mahmoodiah, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nagammai Thiagarajan
- Kuala Lumpur Government Health Clinic, Jalan Temerloh, Titiwangsa, 53200 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zafferina Zulghaffar
- Sungai Manila Government Health Clinic, D/A32 Pejabat Kesihatan Kawasan Sandakan, Tingkat 6, Rumah Persekutuan Sandakan, 90500 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Emily Day
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Ching SM, Ooi PB, Chew MT, Chew BN, Mohamed M, Lim HM, Beh HC, Othman AS, Husin HS, Mohamad Gani AH, Hamid D, Kang PS, Tay CL, Wong PF, Hassan H. Relationship of an adherence score with blood pressure control status among patients with hypertension and their determinants: Findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening program. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:638-645. [PMID: 33586334 PMCID: PMC8029568 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship of adherence with blood pressure (BP) control and its associated factors in hypertensive patients. This cross-sectional nationwide BP screening study was conducted in Malaysia from May to October 2018. Participants with self-declared hypertension completed the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (Hill-Bone CHBPTS) which assesses three important domains of patient behavior to hypertension management namely medication taking, appointment keeping and reduced salt intake. Lower scores indicate better compliance while higher scores indicate otherwise. Participant's body mass index and seated BP were measured based on standard measurement protocol. Determinants of adherence to treatment were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Out of 5167 screened subjects, 1705 were known hypertensives. Of these, 927 (54.4%) answered the Hill-Bone CHBPTS and were entered into analysis. The mean age was 59.0 ± 13.2 years, 55.6% were female and 42.2% were Malays. The mean Hill-Bone CHBPTS score was 20.4 ± 4.4 (range 14-47), and 52.1% had good adherence. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP were 136.4 ± 17.9 and 80.6 ± 11.6 mmHg, respectively. BP was controlled in 58.3% of those with good adherence compared to 50.2% in those with poor adherence (p = .014). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, female gender (β = -0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.30, -0.15, p = .014), older age (β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.07, -0.03, p < .001), and individuals with primary or lower educational level (β = -0.91, 95% CI -1.59, -0.23, p = .009) had better adherence to BP management. Interventional programs targeted at the less adherent groups are needed in order to improve their adherence and BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Nah Chew
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohazmi Mohamed
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Student Health Unit, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Chin Beh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hanis Saadah Husin
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Dalyana Hamid
- AU2 Keramat Government Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Kang
- Gopeng Government Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chai Li Tay
- Simpang Government Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ping Foo Wong
- Cheras Baru Government Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Loke YL, Chew MT, Ngeow YF, Lim WWD, Peh SC. Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:603086. [PMID: 33364203 PMCID: PMC7753026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Leng Loke
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wan Dee Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Ageing Health and Well-Being Research Centre, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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Chew MT, Nisbet A, Jones B, Suzuki M, Matsufuji N, Murakami T, Bradley DA. Ion beams for space radiation radiobiological effect studies. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chew MT, Bradley DA, Suzuki M, Matsufuji N, Murakami T, Jones B, Nisbet A. The radiobiological effects of He, C and Ne ions as a function of LET on various glioblastoma cell lines. J Radiat Res 2019; 60:178-188. [PMID: 30624699 PMCID: PMC6430257 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the charged ion species 4He, 12C and 20Ne on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) T98G, U87 and LN18 cell lines were compared with the effects of 200 kVp X-rays (1.7 keV/μm). These cell lines have different genetic profiles. Individual GBM relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was estimated in two ways: the RBE10 at 10% survival fraction and the RBE2Gy after 2 Gy doses. The linear quadratic model radiosensitivity parameters α and β and the α/β ratio of each ion type were determined as a function of LET. Mono-energetic 4He, 12C and 20Ne ions were generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan. Colony-formation assays were used to evaluate the survival fractions. The LET of the various ions used ranged from 2.3 to 100 keV/μm (covering the depth-dose plateau region to clinically relevant LET at the Bragg peak). For U87 and LN18, the RBE10 increased with LET and peaked at 85 keV/μm, whereas T98G peaked at 100 keV/μm. All three GBM α parameters peaked at 100 keV/μm. There is a statistically significant difference between the three GBM RBE10 values, except at 100 keV/μm (P < 0.01), and a statistically significant difference between the α values of the GBM cell lines, except at 85 and 100 keV/μm. The biological response varied depending on the GBM cell lines and on the ions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tsuey Chew
- Sunway University, School of Healthcare and Health Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Physics, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - David A Bradley
- Sunway University, School of Healthcare and Health Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Physics, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages; National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Matsufuji
- Radiation Effect Research Team, Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- Heavy-Ion Radiotherapy Promotion Unit & Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bleddyn Jones
- Gray Laboratory, CRUK/MRC Oxford, Oncology Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB-Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- The Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK
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Chew MT, Nisbet A, Suzuki M, Matsufuji N, Murakami T, Jones B, Bradley DA. Potential lethal damage repair in glioblastoma cells irradiated with ion beams of various types and levels of linear energy transfer. J Radiat Res 2019; 60:59-68. [PMID: 30452663 PMCID: PMC6373669 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a Grade IV brain tumour, is a well-known radioresistant cancer. To investigate one of the causes of radioresistance, we studied the capacity for potential lethal damage repair (PLDR) of three altered strains of GBM: T98G, U87 and LN18, irradiated with various ions and various levels of linear energy transfer (LET). The GBM cells were exposed to 12C and 28Si ion beams with LETs of 55, 100 and 200 keV/μm, and with X-ray beams of 1.7 keV/μm. Mono-energetic 12C ions and 28Si ions were generated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at the National Institute of Radiological Science, Chiba, Japan. Clonogenic assays were used to determine cell inactivation. The ability of the cells to repair potential lethal damage was demonstrated by allowing one identical set of irradiated cells to repair for 24 h before subplating. The results show there is definite PLDR with X-rays, some evidence of PLDR at 55 keV/μm, and minimal PLDR at 100 keV/μm. There is no observable PLDR at 200 keV/μm. This is the first study, to the authors' knowledge, demonstrating the capability of GBM cells to repair potential lethal damage following charged ion irradiations. It is concluded that a GBM's PLDR is dependent on LET, dose and GBM strain; and the more radioresistant the cell strain, the greater the PLDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tsuey Chew
- Sunway University, Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, No 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Sunway University, Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, No 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- The Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford, UK
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages; National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4–9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Matsufuji
- Radiation Effect Research Team, Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4–9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- Heavy-Ion Radiotherapy Promotion Unit & Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4–9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bleddyn Jones
- Gray Laboratory, CRUK/MRC Oxford Oncology Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB-Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - David A Bradley
- Sunway University, Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, No 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Göstring L, Chew MT, Orlova A, Höidén-Guthenberg I, Wennborg A, Carlsson J, Frejd FY. Quantification of internalization of EGFR-binding Affibody molecules: Methodological aspects. Int J Oncol 2010; 36:757-63. [PMID: 20198317 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell internalization of targeting agents is of interest, since internalization influences the local retention time of a radionuclide and thereby imaging quality in PET and SPECT and effects of radionuclide therapy. In cases where nuclear methods are not applicable at the cellular level, quantitative fluorescent techniques are useful as described in this article. Two fluorescence-based methods to study cellular internalization were applied: the CypHer and the Alexa488-quenching methods, both utilized in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Two EGFR-binding Affibody molecules were analyzed in A431 cells: the monomer Z1907 and the dimer (Z1907)2. EGF, cetuximab and non-specific Affibody molecules were used as controls. For comparison, internalization of 111In-labeled Z1907 was studied with the acid wash internalization assay. The Cypher method is straightforward, but requires equal labeling of all compounds for accurate quantification. The Alexa488-quenching method is preferable since it is independent of the dye-to-protein ratio. According to this method, about 45% of EGF and 19-24% of the bound Affibody molecules and cetuximab were internalized within one hour. Similar results were seen with 111In-Z1907 in the acid wash method, while (Z1907)2 was not removed by acid and thus could not be studied this way. The fluorescence-based Alexa488-quenching method is well suited to quantitatively analyze internalization of targeting agents, also those that resist acid wash. The internalized fraction showed that both the monomeric and dimeric Affibody molecules are expected to give good uptake and thereby good retention of metallic radionuclides which will render good tumor to background values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Göstring
- Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chew MT, Sandham A. An assessment of orthodontic treatment using occlusal indices. Singapore Dent J 2001; 24:9-16. [PMID: 11699355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study was carried out to assess the need for orthodontic treatment and the standard of treatment provided by the Government Dental Clinic in Singapore. The materials for this study comprised the pre-treatment and post-treatment study models as well as the clinical notes of 194 patients who were consecutively debanded over a three-month period in 1996. The pre- and post-treatment models were assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. The results indicated that a large proportion (81.4%) of the cases were treated with extractions. The majority of the cases were treated by upper and lower fixed appliances. Treatment was completed, on average, in 21 visits spread over 2.1 years. The result also demonstrated that the majority of the patients had genuine need for treatment for both dental and aesthetic reasons. Eighty-two percent of patients fell into the category of "need" for treatment based on dental health grounds. The mean PAR score reduction was 77%, indicating a high standard of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Chew
- Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre, Singapore
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Jayaram G, Swain M, Chew MT, Yip CH, Moosa F. Cytology of mucinous carcinoma of breast: a report of 28 cases with histological correlation. Malays J Pathol 2000; 22:65-71. [PMID: 16329537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pure mucinous carcinoma (MC) of the breast is a relatively uncommon variant of breast carcinoma with distinctive histological and cytological features. In this study we have analysed fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological material from 28 cases of MC of breast and correlated the cytomorphological features with histopathology. The 28 patients consisted of 27 females and one male patient. 14 patients were Chinese, 10 were Indian and four were Malay. Their ages ranged from 38 to 90 with a mean at 52 years. The left breast was involved in 17 and the right in 11 cases. The duration of the lump varied from two weeks to 10 years. The cytological picture was characterized by abundant extracellular mucin giving a "sea of mucin" or "whirlpools of mucin" effect, in which were seen floating clusters of tumour cells with relatively bland cytological features. Myxo-vascular fragments were seen in 12 cases. Dissociated tumour cells showed a plasmacytoid appearance with eccentric nuclei. In four cases, the mucin was scanty in amount and the cellularity was high while in two cases, the cellularity was very low. Psammoma bodies were seen in cytological smears in one case. Histological study of excision or mastectomy specimens confirmed all 28 cases to be pure MC. Knowledge of the distinctive cytomorphological appearance of MC would enable correct identification of these lesions as malignant and prompt treatment that could further enhance the survival of these prognostically good breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayaram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVII). STUDY DESIGN Thirty-nine HIVII presenting with lymphadenopathy at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were subjected to FNAC. Cytologic smears were routinely stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Special stains and immunostains were used when necessary. RESULTS In nine cases, the cytologic appearance was compatible with HIV type A and in one case with HIV type C lymphadenopathy. In 21 cases, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were demonstrated in the cytologic smears, enabling a diagnosis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis. In one of these cases there was a concomitant infection with Penicillium marneffei that was overlooked on initial cytologic examination. The cause of granulomatous lymphadenitis could not be ascertained in one case, where neither AFB nor any other organisms were demonstrable. Two cases of histoplasma and one of cryptococcal lymphadenitis were diagnosed, as was one high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that could be immunophenotyped on cytologic material. In three cases the aspirates were inadequate for a cytologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION Lymph node FNAC is a valuable investigative modality in HIVII. Most opportunistic infections (bacterial and fungal) can be correctly identified, and high grade lymphoma can be diagnosed and phenotyped.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayaram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chew MT, Sandham A. Effectiveness and duration of two-arch fixed appliance treatment. Aust Orthod J 2000; 16:98-103. [PMID: 11201970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness and duration of single-phase two-arch fixed appliance treatment and to evaluate factors that may influence these two variables. Data were collected from 177 consecutively completed cases at the Orthodontic Department, Government Dental Clinic, Singapore, during a three-month period. Pre-treatment and post-treatment models were assessed using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. The result showed that two-arch fixed appliance treatment reduced the malocclusions on average by 77.80 per cent over a period of 25 months. Multiple regression techniques revealed that 22 per cent of the variability in treatment effectiveness could be explained by the pre-treatment PAR score, the age at the start of treatment, the frequency of office visits and whether or not the treatment involved extractions. The variation in treatment duration was due to the frequency of office visits, the pre-treatment PAR score and whether or not the treatment involved extractions or headgear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Chew
- Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre, Singapore.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the fine needle aspiration cytologic features of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast and to discuss problems that may occur in cytodiagnosis. STUDY DESIGN Fine needle aspiration cytologic smears from 21 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of breast were subjected to detailed cytomorphologic analysis. Features studied included pattern of cells, size of cells, nuclear placement, pleomorphism, presence of intracytoplasmic lumina (ICL) and signet ring cells. RESULTS Cellularity was generally moderate or high, and the pattern was predominantly or partly dissociated in 86% of cases. Rosettelike pattern was discerned in alveolar-type ILC. Cell size was usually small or intermediate, with nuclei placed eccentrically in most cases. ICLs with or without signet ring cells were present in 12 cases (57%). CONCLUSION A cytologic picture consisting of predominantly dissociated small or intermediate-sized tumor cells with eccentric nuclei, with some of the cells showing ICLs, is highly suggestive of ILC. Indian file pattern, another characteristic feature of ILC, is, however, focal and inconsistent. Variant patterns of ILC may show other cytologic features, such as rosettelike pattern (alveolar variant of ILC) or large cell pattern (pleomorphic variant of ILC) and may consequently be difficult to categorize on cytologic smears.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayaram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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