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Rettori O, Vieira-Matos AN, Tahin QS. Variability and Discontinuity of the Pathognomonic Systemic Effects Caused by Walker 256 Tumor Progression in Rats. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 81:370-7. [PMID: 8804456 DOI: 10.1177/030089169508100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pathognomonic systemic effects (PSE) have high individual variability. For this reason present data were collected daily and synchronized considering four main points: inoculation day, onset of PSE, aggravation and death. The subclinical period free of PSE ranged between 15.7±2.2 days, the clinical period was less variable, 8.9±0.5 days, divided in a moderate and a grave phase of nearly the same length. PSE involved disturbances of fundamental homeostatic regulations: appetite, sodium, water, immune, etc. PSE triggering correlated highly with survival (r2=0.95, P<0.01), but poorly with primary tumor growth, and it was anticipated by metastases from 20.5±2.6 to 10.6±1.1 days (P<0.01). After multifocal simultaneous inoculations, PSE triggering was anticipated to 4.2±0.2 days (marked reduction of individual variability), in the presence of small total-tumor masses, absence of macroscopic metastases, and without changes in the following clinical period features. PSE triggering seems to be a major prognostic indicator probably related to multifocal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rettori
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Bioquimicas, Centro de Atencao Integral a Saude da Mulher, Campinas, Brasil
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2
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Lichtenberger LM, Phan T, Fang D, Dial EJ. Chemoprevention with phosphatidylcholine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vivo and in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6688-6694. [PMID: 29616131 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly aspirin, has been well demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the primary side effect from this class of drug is gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which has limited the widespread use of NSAIDs for the prevention of cancer. The development of GI-safer NSAIDs, which are associated with phosphatidylcholine (PC) may provide a solution to this therapeutic problem. In the present study, the efficacy of two NSAIDs, aspirin and indomethacin, were compared using murine colon cancer cell line MC-26. Each NSAID was assessed alone and in combination with PC, using in vitro and in vivo systems. The results reveal that the PC-associated NSAIDs had a significantly higher degree of protection against cancer cell growth compared with the unmodified NSAIDs. It was also observed that Aspirin-PC and Indomethacin-PC prevented the metastatic spread of cancer cells in a syngeneic mouse model. These results support the potential use of PC-NSAIDs for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenard M Lichtenberger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tri Phan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dexing Fang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Dial
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Ruud J, Nilsson A, Engström Ruud L, Wang W, Nilsberth C, Iresjö BM, Lundholm K, Engblom D, Blomqvist A. Cancer-induced anorexia in tumor-bearing mice is dependent on cyclooxygenase-1. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:124-135. [PMID: 23305935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that prostaglandins (PGs) affect tumorigenesis, and evidence indicates that PGs also are important for the reduced food intake and body weight loss, the anorexia-cachexia syndrome, in malignant cancer. However, the identity of the PGs and the PG producing cyclooxygenase (COX) species responsible for cancer anorexia-cachexia is unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by transplanting mice with a tumor that elicits anorexia. Meal pattern analysis revealed that the anorexia in the tumor-bearing mice was due to decreased meal frequency. Treatment with a non-selective COX inhibitor attenuated the anorexia, and also tumor growth. When given at manifest anorexia, non-selective COX-inhibitors restored appetite and prevented body weight loss without affecting tumor size. Despite COX-2 induction in the cerebral blood vessels of tumor-bearing mice, a selective COX-2 inhibitor had no effect on the anorexia, whereas selective COX-1 inhibition delayed its onset. Tumor growth was associated with robust increase of PGE(2) levels in plasma - a response blocked both by non-selective COX-inhibition and by selective COX-1 inhibition, but not by COX-2 inhibition. However, there was no increase in PGE(2)-levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Neutralization of plasma PGE(2) with specific antibodies did not ameliorate the anorexia, and genetic deletion of microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) affected neither anorexia nor tumor growth. Furthermore, tumor-bearing mice lacking EP(4) receptors selectively in the nervous system developed anorexia. These observations suggest that COX-enzymes, most likely COX-1, are involved in cancer-elicited anorexia and weight loss, but that these phenomena occur independently of host mPGES-1, PGE(2) and neuronal EP(4) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ruud
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linda Engström Ruud
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Nilsberth
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Engblom
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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4
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Pecchi E, Dallaporta M, Jean A, Thirion S, Troadec JD. mPGES-1 knock-out mice are resistant to cancer-induced anorexia despite the absence of central mPGES-1 up-regulation in wild-type anorexic mice. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 199:104-14. [PMID: 18602702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia-cachexia syndrome is a very common symptom observed in individuals affected by chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to address the possible involvement of the inducible microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in the hypopaghia observed during these pathological states. To this end, we used a model of cancer-induced anorexia and we report here that despite the absence of up-regulation of the mPGES-1 enzyme within the brain during anorexia-cachexia syndrome, mPGES-1 knock-out mice exhibit resistance to tumor-induced anorexia and maintain their body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pecchi
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), UMR 6231 CNRS, Université Paul Cézanne and Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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5
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Gustafsson A, Hansson E, Kressner U, Nordgren S, Andersson M, Wang W, Lönnroth C, Lundholm K. EP1-4 subtype, COX and PPAR gamma receptor expression in colorectal cancer in prediction of disease-specific mortality. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:232-40. [PMID: 17290397 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of prostaglandins in tumor growth and progression is well recognized, including antineoplastic activities by cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Variation in treatment response to COX inhibition has questioned differences in expression of cell surface and nuclear membrane receptors among tumors with different disease progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether EP(1-4) subtype, PPAR gamma receptor and COX-1/COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer are related to tumor-specific mortality. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate expression and protein appearance in tumor tissue compared with normal colon tissue. EP(1) and EP(2) subtype receptor protein was highly present in tumor cells, EP(3) occurred occasionally and EP(4) was not visible. PPAR gamma, EP(2) and EP(4) mRNA were significantly higher in normal colon tissue compared with tumor tissue, without any distinct relationship to Dukes A-D tumor stage. Multivariate analyses indicated that increased tumor tissue EP(2) and COX-2 expression predicted poor survival (p<0.001). COX-1 expression was significantly higher than COX-2 expression in normal colon tissue. Average COX-2 mRNA was not increased in tumor tissue compared with normal colon. However, most tumor cells stained positive for COX-2 protein, which was low or undetectable in normal mucosa cells. COX-1 protein was preferentially visible in stroma. EP(1-4) subtype receptor mRNAs were generally positively correlated to both COX-1 and COX-2 in tumor tissue, but not in normal colon. Our results imply that both prostaglandin production (COX-2) and signaling via EP(1-4) subtype receptors, particularly EP(2), predict disease-specific mortality in colorectal cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gustafsson
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory at Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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6
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Park SW, Lee SG, Song SH, Heo DS, Park BJ, Lee DW, Kim KH, Sung MW. The effect of nitric oxide on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression in head and neck cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 2004; 107:729-38. [PMID: 14566822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been previously reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as well as in many cancers. We hypothesized that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) might increase the expression of COX-2 in cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the cross-talk between NO and the prostaglandin (PG) pathways in HNSCC cell lines. We found that COX-2 and iNOS expressions were elevated simultaneously. On adding the NO donor, SNAP, the PGE2 level was increased 2-20 times due to increased COX-2 expression. This increase of COX-2 expression by SNAP or PMA (potent inducer of both iNOS and COX-2) was blocked to various degrees by NO scavengers and NOS inhibitors (L-NAME and 1400W). Also, the expression of COX-2 in resting cells was inhibited by NOS inhibitors. Moreover, COX-2 expression, induced by SNAP, was inhibited by ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor. The effect of dibutyryl-cGMP on COX-2 expression was similar to that of SNAP. These results imply that endogenous or exogenous NO activates sGC and that the resulting increase of cGMP induces a signaling that upregulates the expression of COX-2 in HNSCC cell lines. We also observed that NO increased COX-2 expression in different cancer cell lines, including cervic and gastric cancer cell lines. These findings further support the notion that NO can be associated with carcinogenesis through the upregulation of COX-2, and that NOS inhibitor may be also useful for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Cerchietti LCA, Navigante AH, Peluffo GD, Diament MJ, Stillitani I, Klein SA, Cabalar ME. Effects of celecoxib, medroxyprogesterone, and dietary intervention on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: a pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004; 27:85-95. [PMID: 14711473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic syndromes characterized by a persistent activity of circulating mediators (cytokines) are frequently present with advanced cancer. We grouped under the general heading of "Systemic Immune-Metabolic Syndrome (SIMS)" a particular variety of distressing systemic syndrome characterized by dysregulation of the psycho-neuro-immune-endocrine homeostasis, with overlapping clinical manifestations. SIMS may include cachexia, anorexia, nausea, early satiety, fatigue, tumor fever, cognitive changes and superinfection. The aim of this study was to ameliorate some of the SIMS symptoms in a homogeneous group of lung adenocarcinoma patients using a multitargeted therapy. Fifteen patients with evidence of SIMS were studied. SIMS was defined as the presence of weight loss, anorexia, fatigue performance status>/=2 and acute-phase protein response. Patients received medroxyprogesterone (MPA) (500 mg twice daily), celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), plus oral food supplementation for 6 weeks. After treatment, 13 patients either had stable weight (+/- 1%) or had gained weight. There were significant differences in improvement of body-weight-change rate, nausea, early satiety, fatigue, appetite and performance status. Patients who had any kind of lung infection showed higher levels of IL-10 compared to non-infected patients (P=0.039). Our results suggest that patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, treated with MPA, celecoxib and dietary intervention, might have considerable improvement in certain SIMS outcomes. This multitargeted symptomatic approach deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C A Cerchietti
- Supportive Care Division, Angel H. Roffo Cancer Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms of cancer, and is a common side-effect of many of the treatments available for the management of malignant disease. We critically assess the evidence for cancer-related fatigue and its treatment in adults. Little is known about the cause and mechanisms of fatigue, and research into methods of alleviating the condition has focused on treatment for anaemia and behavioural interventions, such as exercise, both of which are effective in reducing fatigue. Although research into the condition has increased considerably in the past decade, important gaps in knowledge remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ahlberg
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, School of Health Caring Sciences, Institute of Nursing, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Babcock T, Helton WS, Espat NJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): an antiinflammatory omega-3 fat with potential clinical applications. Nutrition 2000; 16:1116-8. [PMID: 11118844 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Babcock
- Surgical Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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10
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are immunoregulatory cytokines that mediate many aspects of the acute phase response to infection and injury. It has been hypothesized that these cytokines mediate the onset of the cachexia-anorexia syndrome with tumor growth. The anorexigenic effects of IL-1 are mediated in part by prostaglandins (PG). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if administration of ibuprofen (ibu) or indomethacin (indo), which inhibit PG synthesis, would affect the food intake and body weight of tumor-bearing rats. Rats were implanted with the Morris 7777 hepatoma, a tumor known to induce anorexia and weight loss in rats, and weight loss and leukocyte synthesis of IL-1 and TNF in mice. Treatment with indo or ibu did not improve food intake or body weight in the tumor-bearing rats. However, administration of ibu coincident with tumor implantation did result in smaller tumor mass compared to placebo-treated controls. The results of the present study suggest that PG synthesis is not a major factor in the onset of anorexia in this animal model of tumor-induced anorexia. However, further studies of the effects of inhibitors of PG synthesis on the kinetics of tumor growth are clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O McCarthy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing K6-326, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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11
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Ogino M, Hanazono M. Indomethacin acts as an antitumor and anticachexic agent in colon 26-bearing CDF1 mice. Int J Clin Oncol 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02489912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Roe SY, Cooper AL, Morris ID, Rothwell NJ. Involvement of prostaglandins in cachexia induced by T-cell leukemia in the rat. Metabolism 1997; 46:359-65. [PMID: 9109835 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that experimentally induced T-cell leukemia in the rat results in a rapid and severe cachexia. This weight loss is largely due to a reduction in food intake, but is also accompanied by inappropriately high rates of energy expenditure. Increases in resting oxygen consumption (VO2) of 25% to 35% above the levels of pair-fed animals were observed over the period of weight loss. The present study investigated the possible involvement of prostaglandins in the cachexia induced by T-cell leukemia in the rat. Acute systemic injection of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin 1 mg/kg or flurbiprofen 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]) significantly reduced (by 14% and 10%, respectively) the increase in metabolic rate and also reversed the elevated body temperature of leukemic animals. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of indomethacin (0.2 mg/kg) had only modest effects on the increase in temperature or hypermetabolism of leukemic animals. Long-term daily injection of indomethacin or flurbiprofen (1 mg/kg/d IP) had no significant effect on food intake or body weight of leukemic animals, and neither treatment significantly affected disease status. Indomethacin significantly reduced the decline in epididymal fat pad weight of leukemic animals. These data indicate that prostaglandins, produced peripherally, are involved in the acute hypermetabolism associated with T-cell leukemia, but have little or no effect on the hypophagia or body weight loss of leukemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Roe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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13
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Ogino M. Indomethacin augmented antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil in meth-a induced mice. Int J Clin Oncol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02348271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Holmberg SB, Naredi PL, Lindnér GO, Karlberg IH, Daneryd PL, Karlsson LM, Pettersson A, Stenram U, Hafström LR. Influence of zymosan (a non-specific macrophage stimulator) and of indomethacin on liver tumours--an experimental study in rats. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995; 121:463-8. [PMID: 7642688 DOI: 10.1007/bf01218362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zymosan--a non-specific macrophage-stimulating agent--reduces tumour take in the liver. The mechanism for this effect is not clear, but it may be mediated via the Kupffer cells and prostaglandins. On the other hand, the Prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, inhibits tumour growth. Pretreatment with zymosan (3 mg 100 g-1) for 3 days of two different strains of rats, inoculated in the liver with a hepatoma or an adenocarcinoma cell suspension respectively, reduced tumour take and also initial tumour growth. The effect on tumour take and initial growth was inhibited by concomitant administration of indomethacin (0.2 mg 100 g-1). When zymosan was administered after tumour cell inoculation the growth rate of the hepatoma was retarded, but this effect was not abrogated by indomethacin. Pretreatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on tumour take or initial growth. When given after the tumour was established in the liver, indomethacin reduced the growth rate of the hepatoma, but not of the adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that there are different mechanisms for the effects of zymosan on tumour take and on growth of an established tumour. In immunoincompetent nude mice the effect on the hepatoma was similar to the effect in the rat. In vitro both tumours were insensitive to zymosan and indomethacin. This study confirms that pretreatment with a non-specific macrophage stimulator (zymosan) diminishes tumour take and growth in the liver, that the effect of zymosan on tumour take in the liver is abrogated by indomethacin and that the zymosan effect on tumour take in the liver is at least partly mediated by the Kupffer cells and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Holmberg
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are potent induces of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and injection of PGE, IL-1, or TNF decreases food intake in healthy animals, whereas the anorexigenic effects of injected IL-1 and TNF are blocked by inhibitors of PG synthesis. It has been hypothesized that host secretion of IL-1 and TNF contribute to tumor-induced anorexia. This study was undertaken to determine whether administration of PG inhibitors alters food intake in anorectic rats implanted with Walker 256 carcinoma. METHODS Groups of six tumor-bearing rats were implanted with slow-release pellets containing ibuprofen, indomethacin, or acetylsalicylic acid. Food intake, tumor growth, and body temperature were monitored for 14 days and compared with control tumor-bearing animals implanted with placebo pellets. RESULTS Tumor growth was associated with anorexia, fever, weight loss, and increased leukocyte secretion of IL-1 and TNF. Indomethacin and ibuprofen retarded tumor growth 30-40% and lowered body temperature compared with controls, but had no effect on food intake or body weight of tumor-bearing animals. CONCLUSIONS Prostaglandins do not mediate tumor-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O McCarthy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing 53792
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