Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the maxilla in a child

Pediatric Aggressive Benign Mandibular Tumors: Clinical Features and Management

INTRODUCTION

Aggressive benign mandibular tumors are uncommon in the pediatric population, and there is few publishing in the literature specifically dealing with them. Aggressive tumors can be defined based on known biologic behavior and/or histologic type and/or clinical characteristics.Aim of the Study: To review the clinical features and management of lower jaw pediatric aggressive benign tumor.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Medical records review of pediatric patients presented with aggressive benign mandibular tumors to the Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department, University of Alexandria, Egypt between 2011 and 2019.

RESULTS

Fifty-eight patients were included in this study, aged between 2 and 16 years (average = 11.8). Ameloblastoma was the commonest pathological diagnosis (n = 18) followed by central giant cell granuloma (n = 11) and juvenile ossifying fibroma (n = 10). Patients with central giant cell granuloma were treated by en-block resection (n = 4) or curettage after interferon alfa injection (n = 7). All other benign tumors were treated by en-block resection. The length of follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years. Successful reconstruction was accomplished in 45 patients (88.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Aggressive lesion should be treated in an aggressive manner and immediate reconstruction is advocated. However, pharmacotherapy combined with enucleation is a more conservative approach for management of aggressive central giant cell tumors.

Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in the Maxilla: A Case Report and Literature Review

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare high-grade variant of chondrosarcoma distinguished by its aggressive nature. Molecular studies aid in establishing the diagnosis. We present a case report of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the maxilla of a 39-year-old male patient and a literature review of 42 gnathic cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with a discussion of clinical, imaging, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.

Chondrosarcoma of the jaw bones: a review of 224 cases reported to date and an analysis of prognostic factors

The objective was to integrate the available published data on chondrosarcoma (CHS) of the jaw bones into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical and histological features, treatment, and prognostic factors. An electronic search was undertaken in October 2017. To be eligible, the publication had to provide sufficient clinical/histological data to confirm the diagnosis. One hundred and ten publications (224 cases of CHS) were identified and included. There was a slightly higher prevalence of CHS in males than in females. Most subjects with CHS were in the second to fifth decades of life. The most common symptom was swelling and the most commonly observed location was the maxilla. Histologically, most tumours were of the conventional type and were low grade tumours. The treatment of choice was tumour resection. Histological grade, treatment with chemotherapy alone, and the presentation of recurrence or metastasis were found to be significant independent prognostic factors: patients who presented high-grade tumours, who received chemotherapy alone as the treatment of choice, and those who presented recurrence or metastasis were more likely to have a worse prognosis. In addition, radical surgery associated with radiotherapy as the treatment protocol showed a better prognosis.

Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of Maxilla in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report

Myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma is an uncommon potentially lethal malignant tumor which is even rare in pediatric age group. In the present paper, we report one such case of intermediate grade myxoid chondrosarcoma of left side of maxilla in a 12-year-old girl. The present case had a firm, painless, and lobulated growth in premolar-molar region which was associated with bicortical expansion. Maxillofacial imaging showed ill-defined radiolucency with displaced maxillary molars. Osteolytic changes were evident with the alveolus and walls of maxillary sinus. Owing to the age of the patient, surgical excision was selected as the modality of management followed by postoperative radiotherapy. This report encompasses the entire gamut of clinicopathological, radiological, and treatment modalities employed for chondrosarcoma.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the right buccal region: A case report and review of the literature

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMCS) is a rare malignant cartilaginous tumor arising from the soft tissues. The most common areas of extraskeletal origin are the lower extremities, the orbits and the central nervous system, among others. In this study, the case of primary EMCS arising from the right buccal region in a 26-year old female is presented. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of EMCS. Subseqently, the patient was treated with radical surgery, but declined chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which was recommended. One year after surgery, no recurrence had been identified in the patient. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of primary EMCS of the buccal region has been reported previously. In the current study, a case of primary EMCS of the buccal region is presented.

Huge mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of mandible

Mesenchymal Chondrosarcomas [MCS] are rare subtype of chondrosarcoma. They are distinct tumors arising in unicentric or multicentric locations. It usually appears in second to third decade of life. The neoplasm affects female more frequently than in males. They reveals unusual clinical behavior, characteristic male histopathological features, and poor prognosis with late recurrences. We report a rare case of MC arising in a 19 year male patient.

Clinical features and management of oral and maxillofacial tumors in children

OBJECTIVE

To clarify the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial tumors in children, we carried out a clinical study of such tumors and reviewed the relevant procedures for treatment. Study design. Medical records of 105 patients less than 15 years of age who were treated for oral and maxillofacial tumors during the 20 years between 1976 and 1997 were retrieved and analyzed.

RESULTS

Of the 105 cases, 102 (97.1%) involved tumors that were benign; only 3 patients (2.9%) had tumors that were malignant. With regard to benign soft tissue tumor, the most common type was hemangioma (25/69; 36.2%), the second most common type was papilloma (19/69; 27.5%), and the most common site was the tongue. With regard to bone tumor, the most common type was odontoma (14/33; 42.4%), the second most common type was ameloblastoma (11/33; 33.3%), and the most common site was the mandible. Most of the odontogenic tumors (25/28; 89.3%) developed in patients more than 6 years of age; these tumors may develop after dental crown formation. In each case of benign soft tissue tumor, resection was performed; 4 of these tumors (2 hemangiomas, 1 lymphangioma, and 1 papilloma) recurred, but after re-resection recurrence has not been found for more than 4 years. In the cases of benign jawbone tumor, resection and enucleation were the procedures principally performed; 3 ameloblastomas recurred after enucleation, but after relatively wide resection for these recurrent tumors there has been no recurrence for more than 17 years. With regard to the ameloblastomas, enucleation with preservation of the periosteum was effective and bone regeneration occurred rapidly.

CONCLUSIONS

Most oral and maxillofacial tumors in children are benign. In any case of such benign tumor, including ameloblastoma, minimal surgical treatment should be the procedure of first choice.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the jaws. Report of four cases

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS), described in 1959 by Lichtenstein & Bernstein, is a very rare malignant tumour. Only 46 cases have been previously reported in the jaws. Over a period of 30 years, four chondrosarcomas of mesenchymal type (of which one has already been published in 1987 with a three-month follow up) were treated in our department. Two patients have been followed for more than 17 years, of whom one has died of an intracranial extension and the other is still alive after surgical treatment of numerous recurrences and metastases. The two others are tumour-free with a follow up of 18 months and 11 years respectively. Histological, epidemiological and clinical features and treatment of MCS are discussed relevant to the data published in the literature.