Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (ESMC) originate from the nasal cavity have rarely been reported, especially its imaging features, which makes the preoperative diagnosis difficult. Here, we report the clinical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features of a 60-year-old female patient with pathologically confirmed ESMC in the nasal cavity to help provide more reference for diagnosis before operation. Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the nasal cavity demonstrates typical imaging features, such as mesh-like enhancement, calcification, hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic degeneration, and so on.

Bilateral renal metastases from extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of thigh

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare cartilaginous tumour that occurs in the extraskeletal locations in about one-third of cases. It is aggressive in behaviour and may involve the lower extremities, central nervous system or spine. Mesenchymal tumours are known for distant metastasis; however, metastasis to bilateral kidneys after treatment has not been reported earlier. We present a case of a soft-tissue intramuscular MC of the thigh in a 38-year-old patient which had been surgically excised after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The patient presented with bilateral dense calcified renal masses after 6 years, which were cytologically proven as MC metastases. In the evaluation of bilateral calcified renal masses in patients with a history of MC, metastasis should be considered.

Intravascular Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Femoral Vein: A Case Report

CASE

A 30-year-old man presented with progressive lower right extremity pain and swelling, initially diagnosed as a deep venous thrombosis. He returned 18 months later after 2 episodes of gross hemoptysis, with chest computed tomography angiography findings concerning for tumor thrombus in the left pulmonary artery. Subsequent advanced imaging showed a lesion arising from his right femoral vein, which open biopsy revealed to be a primary intravascular mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. He underwent medical therapy, with improvement of pain and swelling and successful return to work.

CONCLUSION

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare pathology, and its intravascular origin makes this case extraordinarily uncommon.

Surgical treatment of metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma to the spine: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the spine is a highly unusual disease without standard curative managements yet. The objective of this case report is to present a very rare case of metastatic chondrosarcoma to the spine successfully operated by surgical treatment. The management of these unique cases has yet to be well-documented.

PATIENT CONCERNS

A 34-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of continuous and progressive back pain and a 1-month history of radiating pain of bilateral lower extremities. The patient, who had been diagnosed of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of maxillary sinus for 3 years, received surgical treatment of palliative endoscopic-assisted total left maxillary resection via mini Caldwell-Luc approach, and palliative enlarged resection due to the progress of residual lesions, followed by no adjuvant therapy. Multiple lytic, expanding lesions of the spine and paraspinal region with severe epidural spinal cord compression was identified.

DIAGNOSIS

CT, MRI and bone scan of spine showed spinal cord compression secondary to the epidural component of the metastatic lesions. Post-operative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas.

INTERVENTIONS

The patient underwent posterior spinal canal decompression, resection of T12 and L3 lesions, internal fixation of T11-L5 pedicles, and cement augmentation of T12 and L3.

OUTCOMES

The patient's neurological deficits improved significantly after the surgery, and the postoperative period was uneventful at the 1-year follow-up visit. There were no complications associated with the spinal surgery during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION

Metastatic spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, although rare, should be part of the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with back pain and radiculopathy. We recommend the posterior approach for spinal decompression and total resection of the metastatic chondrosarcoma when the tumor has caused neurological deficits or other severe symptoms. Osteoplasty by cement augmentation is also a good choice for surgical treatment in some patients.

Primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from the iliac vein

The iliac vein is an extremely rare site for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and patients with primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from a vein always suffer a very poor prognosis. We report a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with a 5-month history of left leg edema in 2015. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a large mass in the left iliac vein with scattered calcifications. Wide-margin resection was performed, and histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the presence of intraluminal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with local invasion out of the vein wall. Due to poor patient compliance, postoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not started, and a bone scan performed 16 weeks postoperatively showed multiple bone metastases. The patient died on the twenty-fourth postoperative week.

Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Sacrum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The authors present a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma located in the sacrum of a 23-year-old patient treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A review of the literature on the topic is also reported.

Periosteal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the tibia with multifocal bone metastases: a case report

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone is a rare high-grade variant of chondrosarcoma, which typically has central intramedullary location. The tumor is characterized by admixture of highly anaplastic small round malignant cells and islands of mineralized low-grade hyaline cartilage. It is most unusual for this tumor to arise on the surface of a long bone. We describe a patient with periosteal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arose at the surface of the right tibia with multifocal bone metastases. Radiographic, CT, MRI, and PET-CT features of this unusual tumor are presented.

Reconstruction of the segmental mandibular defect using a retroauricular or modified face-lift incision with an intraoral approach in head and neck cancer

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report of mandibular reconstruction using the retroauricular (RA) or the modified face-lift (MFL) approach in head and neck cancer. This approach may have advantages over the conventional approach, especially in its superior aesthetic results.

OBJECTIVE

The fibular osseous or osteocutaneous free flap is a widely accepted option for the reconstruction of mandibular defects. Recently, we devised an RA or an MFL approach for neck dissection (ND) using an endoscopic or robotic surgical system. Here, we performed the reconstruction of a segmental mandibular defect with a fibular free flap using the RA or the MFL approach.

METHODS

A total of five patients underwent mandibular reconstruction with the RA or MFL approach for mandibular discontinuity, which developed after the surgical extirpation of head and neck cancer. We performed ND, segmental mandibulectomy, and the reconstruction of the mandibular defect via RA or MFL incisions.

RESULTS

An osseous free flap was used for the reconstruction in two patients and the osteocutaneous free flap was used in three patients. The mean operation times for mandibulectomy and ND were 82 (range 45-120) min and 156 (range 140-180) min, respectively. No significant complications were noted. All flaps survived successfully.

[Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]

OBJECTIVE

To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

METHODS

The clinical and histologic features of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was also performed in 14 of the cases.

RESULTS

The age of patients ranged from 12 to 47 years. Fourteen of them occurred in males. Thirteen cases involved the bony skeleton and 5 cases affected the soft tissue. The patients presented with pain and/or swelling. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mixture of undifferentiated small round cells and hyaline cartilage. Transition between the two components was demonstrated and growth plate-like cartilage was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that the small round cells were positive for Sox9 (14/14), CD99 (12/14), vimentin (6/14), CD56 (4/14), CD57 (4/14), neuron-specific enolase (3/14) and desmin(1/14). They were negative for Coll-II, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, pan-cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD34 and c-erbB2.

CONCLUSIONS

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. Thorough histologic examination, when coupled with immunohistochemical findings, is helpful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.

Cytodiagnosis of extraosseous mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of meninges: a case report

BACKGROUND

Extraosseous mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare neoplasm. Most reports in the literature are based on histologic diagnosis. Cases diagnosed on the basis of cytologic features are few.

CASE

A 30-year-old woman presented with complaints of headache, vomiting and swelling in the right temporal region for the previous 2 months. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears showed scant material consisting mainly of monomorphic small round cells with granular cytoplasm and central round nuclei lying in a background of myxoid matrix. Occasional giant cells were also seen. Cells were periodic acid-Schiff negative. One of the smears showed a tiny fragment of cartilaginous component. A provisional diagnosis of extraosseous MC was made. Peroperatively the mass was arising from meninges and the diagnosis was confirmed by histology.

CONCLUSION

Extraosseous MC should be considered in FNA smears showing small round cells in a myxoid background. Demonstration of cartilage and a correlation of clinical presentation and imaging studies with cytologic findings are important.

Retroperitoneal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma mimicking a large retroperitoneal sacral schwannoma

We report a case of retroperitoneal chondrosarcoma in which preoperative radiological study induced to a possible diagnosis of sacral schwannoma. A 25-year-old woman was admitted to our neurosurgical institute for a progressive sciatic pain with gait difficulties with a sudden radicular deficit with right positive Lasegue's sign at 30 degrees, loss of Achilles reflex, sensory deficit on right S1 dermatome, and complete motor deficit of right plantar flexion. We performed an en bloc removal of the lesion via an anterior retroperitoneal approach. We believe that the treatment of choice is radical surgical excision of the tumor with complete en-bloc removal of the lesion; postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be valuated case by case.

[Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: rare differential diagnosis of pleural calcifications]

We report on a 78-year-old male patient with unilateral pleural effusion who underwent multiple diagnostic tests including thoracoscopy without establishing a final diagnosis. In the course of time, the patient developed multiple pleural tumors with calcifications. A CT-guided transthoracic biopsy was performed; the specimen revealed histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence for an extraosseous mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Besides a short review of the literature, the case is discussed as an extremely rare differential diagnosis of pleural calcifications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient in whom the diagnosis of an extraosseous chondrosarcoma, most likely of the pleura, could be established by CT-guided transthoracic biopsy.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma treated with total en bloc spondylectomy for 2 consecutive lumbar vertebrae resulted in continuous disease-free survival for more than 5 years: case report

STUDY DESIGN

A case report of an extremely rare malignant spinal tumor successfully treated with total en bloc spondylectomy and chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE

To describe points for consideration when an osteogenic lesion in the spine is diagnosed and treated.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA

Primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the spine is extremely rare. There were no reports of this tumor being treated with spondylectomy to achieve total surgical resection with a wide margin followed by chemotherapy.

METHODS

A 44-year-old female presented with low back pain and left flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography showed an osteosclerotic tumor of the lumbar vertebrae. Tc-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy was positive, but thallium-201 scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy were negative. The patient was diagnosed as having chondrosarcoma based on biopsy findings.

RESULTS

To resect the tumor completely, total en bloc spondylectomy for 2 consecutive lumbar vertebrae was performed. However, the postoperative pathologic diagnosis was extremely difficult because the patient was initially suspected to have osteosarcoma, but the final diagnosis was mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Five years after surgery, there have not been any signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis, and the patient has remained continuously disease free.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, we reported the first case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring from the lumbar spine treated with total en bloc spondylectomy and chemotherapy. Successful radical resection of the tumor could be accomplished. Although the effect of chemotherapy on the final results could not be clearly determined, considering that at least continuous disease-free survival was achieved, it is highly likely that chemotherapy contributed to the favorable results.

Primary intradural myxoid chondrosarcoma: a case report and review in the literature

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE

Chondrosarcomas are extremely rare cartilaginous tumours that typically usually are associated with bone. Therapeutic experience with primary spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas is also extremely limited. The exact origin of rare intradural spinal chondrosarcomas remains obscure. We report the first case in the literature of a primary intradural myxoid chondrosarcoma.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

This 40-year-old man experienced a 3 month history with back pain. The results of his neurological examination were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)demonstrated at the T12 level intradural tumour. We could not identify this lesion as chondrosarcoma in preoperative period.

INTERVENTION

At surgery, a mass found attached solely to pia mater, with a normal arachnoid and dura mater overlying was seen. The mass was excised completely and microscopic examination identified a myxomatous chondrosarcoma. The postoperative course was unremarkable. But a histological examination revealed primary myxoid chondrosarcoma. Experience with primary spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas is also extremely limited. We especially discussed to the histological examination.

CONCLUSION

The differential diagnosis considered in the present case included meningioma, plasmacytoma, and non-neoplastic intradural spinal cord lesion. We emphasize the benefit of surgical resection without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This case presents the first case in the literature of an primary spinal intradural myxoid chondrosarcoma.

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: an imaging review of ten new patients

OBJECTIVE

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft-tissue tumor that most arises in young adults. Because of its rarity, few imaging studies have been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the imaging features of this tumor.

DESIGN

We conducted a multi-institutional study in cooperation with five referral cancer centers in Japan. Imaging findings of ten new EMC cases, including conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed at each institute, were reviewed along with clinical features.

PATIENTS

Ten patients with EMC, who had been treated at each hospital from 1990 to 2001, participated in this study.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Soft-tissue masses with well-demarcated, dense and granular calcification were most frequently observed on plain radiographs and CT scans. T2-weighted MR images most clearly depicted a two-component structure composed of calcified and uncalcified areas, and enhanced MRI showed inhomogeneous enhancement in both areas. Although the sensitivity and specificity of these findings are unknown, they might be characteristic and have diagnostic value for this rare tumor.

[Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of lateral abdominal wall (case report)]

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are very rare in comparison to the conventional types. They can occur from any location containing mesenchymal cells, but most arise in the lower extremities, leptomeninges and in the orbits. Other sites are very uncommon. We present a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lateral abdominal wall, and this is the first report of the tumor localized in this region.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a series of 23 cases

A total of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were studied from the histopathology records spanning 23 years. There were 16 men and 7 women afflicted with this tumor and their mean age was 28.1 years. The radiological features, histology and treatment outcomes have been studied. Osseous and extra-osseous mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are compared and the differential diagnosis discussed.

Imprint cytology of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the perineum: a case report

BACKGROUND

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor, occurring mainly in the lower limbs, meninges and retroperitoneum. EMC of the female genital tract is extremely rare, and the cytologic literature is scarce.

CASE

A 43-year-old female with a growing perineal mass underwent excision of the tumor. Pathologic examination of the rumor revealed a characteristic two-cell pattern of primitive small cells and cartilaginous tissue. A diagnosis of EMC of the perineum was made. Imprint cytology from surgical material showed a cluster of small round cells with a focal hemangiopericytomalike arrangement and islets of cartilage. The cartilaginous cells reacted with S-100 protein immunocytochemically.

CONCLUSION

The characteristic features of EMC, a hemangiopericytomalike arrangement of small cells and S-100-positive cartilaginous cells, may be helpful in diagnosing EMC and differentiating it from other perineal tumors.

Congenital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit

PURPOSE

To report the first case of congenital extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising in the orbit.

DESIGN

Interventional case report and review of the literature.

METHODS

Ophthalmologic examination and computed tomography scan of the orbit were performed. Histologic and histochemical examination and immunohistochemistry of the biopsy specimen were evaluated.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Ocular and systemic disease control.

RESULTS

A 5-month-old girl was seen with a papillomatous lesion in the right lower tarsal conjunctiva present from birth. Histologic examination demonstrated an admixture of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and islands of mature hyaline cartilage, and immunohistochemistry studies revealing positivity for vimentin and S-100 were consistent with the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The patient was treated with combined chemotherapy (ifosfamide, epirubicin, and cisplatin), radiotherapy, and surgery (exenteration). She is alive with no evidence of disease after 4 years of follow-up. Facial asymmetry and dental malformations have developed as late effects. Further reconstructive surgery is planned for the malformations.

CONCLUSIONS

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the orbit is extremely rare. This study reports the first case of congenital extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising in the orbit (also the youngest patient) both in skeletal and extraskeletal sites. Multimodality treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) may lead to long-term survival.

Frontal chondrosarcoma in a cat

In this case, chondrosarcoma, detected on the frontal bone of a 12-year-old female cross-bred cat was examined clinically and histopathologically. After being processed routinely, specimens were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Crossman Modification of Mallars Triple Stain. The neoplasm was composed of numerous fusiform mesenchymal cells intimately associated with the formation of lobular structure, separated by thin fibrous septae. In the center there were observed atypical chondrocytes, forming the matrix of the tumoral mass, surrounded by round-ovoid, fusiform mesenchymal cells having interference with the septal tissue at the periphery. Few mitotic figures were detected in these areas. The tumors pattern, localization, the species and the age of the animal were consistent with those of multilobular chondroma known as chondroma rodens. Although the mitotic figures and the wide atypia indicated that the entity was a neoplasm of malign type, it was more likely considered to be the malign transformation of chondroma rodens. The post-surgical outcome of the patient was observed, and recurrence on the same site was reported within 2 months.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the sellar region

BACKGROUND

It is known that, although rare, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can originate intracranially. However, no such malignant tumour has been described in the sellar region.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

We report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 21-year-old man who presented with double vision, right blepharoptosis and facial pain. Upon initial admission, no endocrinological abnormalities were found, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass with calcification in the sella and right cavernous sinus.

INTERVENTION

For this malignant tumour, three surgical resections, two sessions of gamma-knife radiosurgery, one session of fractional irradiation, and one cycle of chemotherapy were performed, resulting in only brief arrest of the tumour growth. Pathologically, the tumour consisted of undifferentiated small cells of high cellularity, and islands of hyaline cartilage. The undifferentiated small cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin and ultrastructural features suggesting a mesenchymal origin. Lacunar cells in the islands were immunopositive for S-100 protein and vimentin.

CONCLUSION

Although malignant tumours in the sellar region are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of various sellar tumours typified by non-functioning pituitary adenoma, and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is one possible candidate.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the sinonasal tract: a clinicopathological study of 13 cases with a review of the literature

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the sinonasal tract is a rare, malignant tumor of extraskeletal origin. Isolated cases have been reported in the English literature, with no large series evaluating the clinicopathological aspects of these tumors.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective review.

METHODS

Thirteen patients with sinonasal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were retrieved from the Otorhinolaryngologic-Head and Neck Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

RESULTS

Nine women and 4 men (age range, 11 to 83 y; mean age, 38.8 y) presented with nasal obstruction (n = 8), epistaxis (n = 7), or mass effect (n = 4), or a combination of these. No patients reported prior head and neck irradiation. The maxillary sinus was the most common site of involvement (n = 9), followed by the ethmoid sinuses (n = 7) and the nasal cavity (n = 5). Tumors had an overall mean size of 5.1 cm. Microscopically, the tumors displayed a small, blue, round cell morphology appearance arranged in a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern with foci of cartilaginous matrix. All cases were managed by surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy (n = 4) and/or chemotherapy (n = 3). The overall mean survival was 12.1 years, although five of six patients who developed local recurrences died of disease (mean survival, 6.5 y). Six patients were alive and disease free (mean survival, 17.3 y), and two patients were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the sinonasal tract is an aggressive tumor with a predilection for young women. The pattern of growth and scarcity of cartilaginous matrix result in frequent misdiagnosis. Recurrence develops in approximately one-third of patients and seems to predict a poor prognosis. Aggressive, exenterative surgery combined with adjuvant therapy appears to yield the best clinical outcome.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone

A 64-year-old patient with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone is described. CT and MRI showed an extensive mass with calcification involving the temporal bone and extending into the middle cranial fossa and nasopharynx. The tumor was ill-defined from surrounding normal bone, and a subtotal petrosectomy was carried out. The nasopharyngeal extension was removed secondarily using an endoscope. The clinical and diagnostic aspects and management of this rare lesion are discussed.

[Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of the facial skull]

A 13-year-old girl suffered from a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the left maxilla. The therapeutic options and the prognosis for this disease are described with respect to the currently known 72 cases in the literature. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare tumors of the bone and soft tissue. The first clinical symptom is a painless swelling of the facial skull. They occur largely in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, preferentially in males. Radiological criteria for the identification of this type of tumor include focal ossification areas which are accompanied by non-calcified regions. Complete surgical removal of the tumor is the therapy of choice. Pre- and postoperative chemotherapy can have a beneficial effect. The final outcome of the disease is difficult to evaluate since late complications (e.g., reoccurrence and/or metastases) appear even after 20 years and only a small number of cases have been reported. At present, the 5-year survival rate is reported to be 54-82% and the 10-year rate 28-56%.

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma involving the heart: report of a case

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor frequently arising in the meninges and lower limbs. We describe a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma involving the heart in a 39-year-old man who presented with fever, chest pain and shortness of breath. His clinical course was rapid, leaving insufficient time for a complete diagnostic work-up, and the patient died 2 months after the onset of symptoms.

Abdominal calcifications in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: case report and review of the literature

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare malignant cartilaginous tumors arising either in bones or in extraosseous sites. Their diagnosis is essentially based on medical imaging and pathological analysis. Despite heavy treatment, their prognosis remains extremely poor.

A case of ruptured mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the pancreas

A 25-year-old woman who underwent surgical removal of a right frontal meningeal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in 1980 manifested abdominal pain and progressive anemia after a traffic accident in April 1997. CT disclosed a well-enhanced solid mass 2.5 cm in diameter with internal calcific deposits at the tail of the pancreas and a surrounding hematoma of 5.5 cm in diameter. Surgical resection revealed a ruptured metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the pancreas.

Canine mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the ribs

The tumor of the thoracic cavity, which arose from the ribs, was diagnosed as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. No distant metastasis was observed. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by the nests of well-defined cartilaginous tissue within a proliferation of primitive mesenchymal cells. Additionally, the deformed blood vessels compressed by the proliferating mesenchymal cells exhibited clear stag-horn appearance. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic cells that formed multifocal cartilaginous islands were positive for S-100 protein, while the surrounding mesenchymal cells were negative. This is the first report of canine mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the ribs.

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the rectus sheath

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MSCs) are a rare form of chondrosarcoma which usually arise in bone. Extraskeletal chondrosarcomas constitute a minority (14-25%) of MSCs. We describe the imaging features of an extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arose from the rectus abdominus muscle.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the cervical spine in a child

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare small-cell neoplasm of bone and soft tissue. After reviewing the literature, we believe that the patient in this report is the youngest in whom mesenchymal chondrosarcoma originating in a cervical vertebra has been diagnosed.

Atypical lipomas, liposarcomas, and other fat-containing sarcomas. CT analysis of fat element

The radiographic appearance of fat in and around soft tissue sarcomas was evaluated to assess the diagnostic potential of this finding. Based on the distribution of fat and other components, these tumors are classified into three types.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the maxilla

We report, to our knowledge, the 10th recorded case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) occurring in the maxilla. Our case is the youngest person reported with a tumour in this location. The prognosis for cure is poor with a high incidence of local recurrence as well as metastases. Treatment is based on radical surgery. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a adjuvant role but additional experience with this tumour is required to define the most efficacious treatment.