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Gómez B, Míguez B, Yáñez R, Alonso JL. Manufacture and Properties of Glucomannans and Glucomannooligosaccharides Derived from Konjac and Other Sources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2019-2031. [PMID: 28248105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucomannans (GM) are polymers that can be found in natural resources, such as tubers, bulbs, roots, and both hard- and softwoods. In fact, mannan-based polysaccharides represent the largest hemicellulose fraction in softwoods. In addition to their structural functions and their role as energy reserve, they have been assessed for their healthy applications, including their role as new source of prebiotics. This paper summarizes the scientific literature regarding the manufacture and functional properties of GM and their hydrolysis products with a special focus on their prebiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gómez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI , Avenida Galicia 2, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO , University Campus, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Míguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI , Avenida Galicia 2, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO , University Campus, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Remedios Yáñez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI , Avenida Galicia 2, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO , University Campus, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José L Alonso
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CITI , Avenida Galicia 2, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO , University Campus, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Effects of deacetylation of konjac glucomannan on Alaska Pollock surimi gels subjected to high-temperature (120 °C) treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mani S, Boelsterli UA, Redinbo MR. Understanding and modulating mammalian-microbial communication for improved human health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 3. [PMID: 27942535 PMCID: PMC5145265 DOI: 10.11131/2016/101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis for the regulation of the intestinal barrier is a very fertile research area. A growing body of knowledge supports the targeting of various components of intestinal barrier function as means to treat a variety of diseases, including the inflammatory bowel diseases. Herein, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of key xenobiotic receptor regulators of barrier function, highlighting recent advances, such that the field and its future are succinctly reviewed. We posit that these receptors confer an additional dimension of host-microbe interaction in the gut, by sensing and responding to metabolites released from the symbiotic microbiota, in innate immunity and also in host drug metabolism. The scientific evidence for involvement of the receptors and its molecular basis for the control of barrier function and innate immunity regulation would serve as a rationale towards development of non-toxic probes and ligands as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Chiu YT, Stewart M. Comparison of Konjac Glucomannan Digestibility and Fermentability with Other Dietary Fibers In Vitro. J Med Food 2012; 15:120-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chiu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Science, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Maria Stewart
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Science, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Hirayama K, Itoh K, Takahashi E, Mitsuoka T. Comparison of Composition of Faecal Microbiota and Metabolism of Faecal Bacteria among 'Human-Flora-Associated' Mice Inoculated with Faeces from Six Different Human Donors. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609509140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hirayama
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113
| | - K. Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113
| | - E. Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113
| | - T. Mitsuoka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113
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Hirayama K, Itoh K, Takahashi E, Shinozaki K, Sawasaki T. Composition of Faecal Microbiota and Metabolism of Faecal Bacteria of Pig-Flora-Associated (PFA) mice. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609609166460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hirayama
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
| | - K. Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
| | - E. Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
| | - K. Shinozaki
- Experimental Station for Bio-animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
| | - T. Sawasaki
- Experimental Station for Bio-animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
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Xu C, Willför S, Holmlund P, Holmbom B. Rheological properties of water-soluble spruce O-acetyl galactoglucomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gao S, Wu C, Nishinari K. In situ pH-decrease-induced gelation of sodium alginate/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kawakami K, Kojima K, Makino I, Kato I, Onoue M. Fasting Enhances p-Cresol Production in the Rat Intestinal Tract. Exp Anim 2007; 56:301-7. [PMID: 17660685 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.56.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Cresol is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora, and its formation is influenced by intestinal conditions. Fasting drastically changes intestinal conditions. However, the effect of fasting on p-cresol production is unclear. In this study, serum and cecal p-cresol levels were determined in non-fasted rats and in rats fasting for either 12 or 18 h. Serum p-cresol increased significantly with 12-h fasting (3.44 +/- 2.15 nmol/ml; P<0.05) and 18-h fasting (5.40 +/- 2.20; P<0.001) as compared to the level in the non-fasted rats (1.02 +/- 0.50). Cecal p-cresol levels of the 12-h fasted (272.6 +/- 313.2 nmol/cecum) and 18-h fasted rats (436.6 +/- 190.8; P<0.01) were higher than those in non-fasted rats (27.1 +/- 21.9). The total cecal protein in content did not change with 18-h fasting. However, the cecal protein concentration increased significantly with fasting (P<0.001), and correlated closely with total cecal p-cresol contents (P<0.001). These results indicate that fasting enhances p-cresol production in the rat cecum, resulting in accumulation of serum p-cresol. We presume that the increase in p-cresol produced by fasting is related to the enhancement of bacterial nitrogen metabolism via an increased concentration of endogenous protein in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kawakami
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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Chen HL, Fan YH, Chen ME, Chan Y. Unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed konjac glucomannans modulated cecal and fecal microflora in Balb/c mice. Nutrition 2006; 21:1059-64. [PMID: 16157244 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prebiotic role of intact konjac glucomannan (KGM) is contradictory. Short-chain glucomannan may cause a greater or faster effect on colonic microflora compared with KGM. Therefore, time-course and dose-dependent studies were conducted to examine and compare effects of unhydrolyzed KGM with those of acid-hydrolyzed glucomannan (KH) on cecal and fecal microflora. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in cecal content were also determined. METHODS Seven-week-old male Balb/c mice were fed 5% (w/w) cellulose and KGM or KH diets for 2 or 4 wk in a time-course study. Cecal total anaerobes, bifidobacteria, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were determined. In a subsequent dose-dependent study, Balb/c mice were fed AIN-93 fiber-free diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, or 7.5% of KGM or KH for 4 wk. Anaerobes, bifidobacteria, C. perfringens, and E. coli were enumerated in the cecal content and feces. RESULTS KGM and KH significantly increased cecal anaerobes and bifidobacteria counts at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, compared with cellulose. In contrast, KGM and KH significantly decreased cecal C. perfringens counts only at week 4. Acetate and propionate concentrations in cecal contents were increased by KGM and KH diets at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. In the dose-dependent study, KH increased cecal bifidobacteria counts only at the 2.5% level but increased fecal bifidobacteria count and suppressed C. perfringens counts at each dose level as compared with KGM. CONCLUSION Hydrolyzed glucomannan exerts a greater prebiotic effect than does KGM in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Kibe R, Sakamoto M, Yokota H, Ishikawa H, Aiba Y, Koga Y, Benno Y. Movement and fixation of intestinal microbiota after administration of human feces to germfree mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3171-8. [PMID: 15933018 PMCID: PMC1151853 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.6.3171-3178.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human flora-associated (HFA) mice have been considered a tool for studying the ecology and metabolism of intestinal bacteria in humans, although they have some limitations as a model. Shifts in dominant species of microbiota in HFA mice after the administration of human intestinal microbiota was revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses. Characteristic terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) were quantified as the proportion of total peak area of all T-RFs. Only the proportion of the T-RF peak at bp 366, identified as the Gammmaproteobacteria group and the family Coriobacteriaceae, was reduced in this study. Increased T-RFs over time at bp 56, 184, and 196 were affiliated with the Clostridium group. However, most of the isolated bacteria with unique population shifts were phylotypes. The vertical transmission of the intestinal microbiota of the mouse offspring was also investigated by dendrogram analysis derived from the similarity of T-RFLP patterns among samples. As a result, the intestinal microbiota of HFA mice and their offspring reflected the composition of individual human intestinal bacteria with some modifications. Moreover, we revealed that human-derived lactobacilli (HDL), which have been considered difficult to colonize in the HFA mouse intestine in previous studies based on culture methods, could be detected in the HFA mouse intestine by using a lactic acid bacterium-specific primer and HDL-specific primers. Our results indicate that the intestinal microbiota of HFA mice represents a limited sample of bacteria from the human source and are selected by unknown interactions between the host and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kibe
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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TAMURA M, TSUSHIDA T, SHINOHARA K. Konjac Glucomannan Consumption May Enhance Equol Production in Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.11.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gao S, Nishinari K. Effect of deacetylation rate on gelation kinetics of konjac glucomannan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 38:241-9. [PMID: 15542332 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effect of deacetylation rate on the gelation behaviors on addition of sodium carbonate for native and acetylated konjac glucomannan (KGM) samples with a degree of acetylation (DA) range of 1.38-10.1 wt.% synthesized using acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine as catalyst was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. At a fixed alkaline concentration (C(Na)), both the critical gelation times (t(cr)) and the plateau values of storage moduli (G'(sat)) of the KGM gels increased with increasing DA. While at a fixed ratio of alkaline concentrations to values of DA (C(Na)/DA), the similar t(cr) and (G'(sat)) values independent of DA were observed. On the whole, increasing KGM concentration or temperature shortened the gelation time and enhanced the elastic modulus for KGM gel. The effect of deacetylation rate related to the C(Na)/DA on the gelation kinetics of the KGM samples were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Gao
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Gao S, Nishinari K. Effect of Degree of Acetylation on Gelation of Konjac Glucomannan. Biomacromolecules 2003; 5:175-85. [PMID: 14715024 DOI: 10.1021/bm034302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Effect of the degree of acetylation (DA) on the gelation behaviors on addition of sodium carbonate for native and acetylated konjac glucomannan (KGM) samples with a DA range from 1.38 to 10.1 wt % synthesized using acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine as catalyst was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. At a fixed alkaline concentration (CNa), both the critical gelation times (tcr) and the plateau values of storage moduli (G'sat) of the KGM gels increased with increasing DA, while at a fixed ratio of alkaline concentrations to values of DA (CNa/DA), similar tcr and values independent of DA were observed. On the whole, increasing KGM concentration or temperature shortened the gelation time and enhanced the elastic modulus for KGM gel. The effect of deacetylation rate related to the CNa/DA on the gelation kinetics of the KGM samples was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Gao
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Huang L, Takahashi R, Kobayashi S, Kawase T, Nishinari K. Gelation behavior of native and acetylated konjac glucomannan. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:1296-303. [PMID: 12425668 DOI: 10.1021/bm0255995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gelation kinetics of native and acetylated konjac glucomannan (KGM) samples in the presence of alkali (sodium carbonate) was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. Molecular weight and other molecular parameters of KGM were determined by static light scattering and viscosity measurements. It was found that KGM molecules were degraded during acetylation treatment, but the molecular weights of acetylated samples were almost independent of the degree of acetylation (DA) and were about a half of that of a native sample. At a fixed alkaline concentration, increasing concentration of KGM or temperature shortened the gelation time, but increasing DA delayed it. The deacetylation reaction and subsequent aggregation process of acetylated samples needed longer time than that of native sample, and acetylated samples formed finally more elastic gels. It implied that the presence of acetyl groups exerts a strong influence on gelation behavior of KGM. It was suggested that the gelation rate of acetylated KGM and native KGM, which depends on the alkaline concentration and temperature, is an important factor that determines the elastic modulus of gels. This was supported by the experimental finding that the saturated elastic modulus tends to the same value when the ratio of alkali concentration to acetylated groups was kept constant. In slower gelation processes, junction zones are more homogeneously distributed and more numerous, leading to the more elastic gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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HIRAYAMA K. Human Flora-Associated (HFA) Animals for Studying the Role of Intestinal Flora in Human Carcinogenesis. Biosci Microflora 2002. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.21.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fujiwara S, Hashiba H, Hirota T, Forstner JF. Inhibition of the binding of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Pb176 to human intestinal epithelial cell line HCT-8 by an extracellular protein fraction containing BIF of Bifidobacterium longum SBT2928: suggestive evidence of blocking of the binding receptor gangliotetraosylceramide on the cell surface. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 67:97-106. [PMID: 11482574 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular protein fraction (P100V) containing the protein BIF produced by Bifidobacterium longum SBT2928 (BL2928), which inhibits the binding of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Pb176 (ETEC) to the glycolipid binding receptor gangliotetraosylceramide (GA1) also inhibited the binding of ETEC to the human intestinal epithelial cell line HCT-8 (ATCC CCL 244) in a dose-dependent manner. ETEC-binding inhibitory experiments using crude colonization factor antigen (CFA)-II prepared from ETEC, rabbit anti-GA1 antiserum, medium containing GA1 and media containing lectins, as the binding-inhibitors, suggest that the interaction between the CFA-II antigen present on the cell surface of ETEC and GA1 expressed on HCT-8 cells plays a significant role in the adherence between them. It is strongly suggested that the P100V fraction works as a blocker for the ETEC receptor GA1 on HCT-8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fujiwara
- Microbiology Group, Technology and Research Institute, Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
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Hirayama K. Ex-germfree mice harboring intestinal microbiota derived from other animal species as an experimental model for ecology and metabolism of intestinal bacteria. Exp Anim 1999; 48:219-27. [PMID: 10591000 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.48.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-germfree (GF) animals harboring intestinal microbiota derived from other animal species, e.g. human-flora-associated (HFA) and pig-flora-associated (PFA) mice, have been considered as a tool for studying the ecology and metabolism of intestinal bacteria of man and animals. Human fecal microbiota was transferred into the intestines of the mice with minor modification by inoculating GF mice with human fecal suspensions. Interestingly, bifidobacteria were eliminated from some of the HFA mouse groups, whereas other dominant bacterial groups remained constant. Elimination of bifidobacteria appeared to be dependent on the composition of microbiota in the inoculated sample. Human fecal microbiota established in the intestines of the HFA mice reproduced in the intestine of offspring of these HFA mice and of cage-mated ex-GF mice without any remarkable change in composition. Although the HFA mice could be used for studying the effects of diet on human intestinal microbiota, the metabolism of microbiota of HFA mice reflected that of human feces with respect to some metabolic activities but not others. PFA mice were also a good model for studying the ecosystem of pig fecal microbiota and the control of short chain fatty acids in pig intestines, but not for studying putrefactive products generated in pig intestines. In conclusion, HFA and PFA mice provide a stable and valuable tool for studying the ecosystem and metabolism of the human and animal intestinal microbiota, but they have some limitations as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirayama
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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