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Xu PY, Kumar Kankala R, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Sonodynamic therapy-based nanoplatforms for combating bacterial infections. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106617. [PMID: 37769588 PMCID: PMC10542942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread and uncontrollable evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have already become urgent global to treat bacterial infections. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a noninvasive and effective therapeutic strategy, has broadened the way toward dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms, which base on ultrasound (US) with sonosensitizer. Sonosensitizer, based on small organic molecules or inorganic nanoparticles, is essential to the SDT process. Thus, it is meaningful to design a sonosensitizer-loaded nanoplatform and synthesize the nanoplatform with an efficient SDT effect. In this review, we initially summarize the probable SDT-based antibacterial mechanisms and systematically discuss the current advancement in different SDT-based nanoplatform (including nanoplatform for organic small-molecule sonosensitizer delivery and nanoplatform as sonosensitizer) for bacterial infection therapy. In addition, the biomedical applications of SDT-involved multifunctional nanoplatforms are also discussed. We believe the innovative SDT-based nanoplatforms would become a highly efficient next-generation noninvasive therapeutic tool for combating bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yao Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
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Hasan A, Roome T, Wahid M, Ansari SA, Khan JA, Kiyani A, Jilani SNA. A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin-1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1043-1057. [PMID: 37263973 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is linked to persistent endodontic lesions. However, the recognition receptor that identifies it is not explored previously. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to (1) establish a zymosan-induced model of apical periodontitis in mouse, (2) observe the expression of Dectin-1 and its possible relationship with toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and (3) observe relationship between Osteopontin (OPN) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS A total of 138 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into; Experimental Group n = 69 and Zymosan Group n = 69. Periapical periodontitis was developed in right maxillary molar. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days. Bone blocks containing the mesial root (n = 15 for qRT-PCR, n = 45 for enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)) were collected for mRNA expression and ELISA. While whole maxilla (n = 3 from each time interval) were used for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey's posthoc was used for statistical analysis at p ≤ .05. RESULTS TLR-2, Dectin-1 and TLR4-positive cells was detected at all time intervals in both groups. A strong positive correlation was observed between TLR-2 and Dectin-1 in both lesions (regular r = .680, p = .015, zymosan (r = .861, p < .001)). A significant correlation was found between OPN and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in zymosan lesion (r = .827, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Immune cells of inflamed periapical tissue expressed Dectin-1 receptor in response to the microbial challenge from infected root canals and showed positive correlation with TLR-2 and OPN suggesting a possible receptor collaboration mediated by OPN. The expression of OPN and TNF-α showed positive correlation in response to fungal antigen, indicating a possible relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Hasan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talat Roome
- Department of Pathology, Section Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Wahid
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Ali Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amber Kiyani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Islamic International dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Pinto KP, Barbosa AFA, Silva EJNL, Santos APP, Sassone LM. What is the microbial profile in persistent endodontic infections? A scoping review. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00280-7. [PMID: 37211309 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about the microbiota found in persistent endodontic infections. METHODS The study protocol was prospectively registered and is available at https://osf.io/3g2cp. The electronic search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. The eligibility criteria were based on the PCC acronym, where P (Population): patients with teeth presenting persistent endodontic infection; C (Concept): microbial profile; and C (Context): undergoing endodontic retreatment. Clinical studies that evaluated the microbial profile of samples collected from root canals of teeth undergoing retreatment, using classical or molecular methods, were included. Studies that did not show a minimum period of one year between primary endodontic treatment and retreatment or did not radiographically evaluate the quality of primary root canal filling were excluded. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and collected data. RESULTS From a total of 957 articles, 161 were read in full and 32 studies were included. The most prevalent species were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister invisus, Propionibacterium acnes, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Cases with symptomatology or inadequate root canal filling presented an increase in specific bacterial species compared to no symptomatology or adequate filling. A greater number of microorganisms was observed in teeth with inadequate coronal restoration compared to adequate restoration. CONCLUSION Persistent endodontic infections have a polymicrobial profile identified by the commonly used methods for bacterial detection/identification and are subject to the limitations present in each of those methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Pinto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - A F A Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A P P Santos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - L M Sassone
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
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Godoi-Jr EP, Bronzato JD, Francisco PA, Bícego-Pereira EC, Lopes EM, Passini MRZ, de-Jesus-Soares A, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Ferraz CCR, Gomes BPFA. Microbiological profile of root canals indicated for endodontic retreatment due to secondary endodontic infections or for prosthetic reasons. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2049-2064. [PMID: 37002440 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological profile of root canals indicated for endodontic retreatment due to secondary endodontic infections evidenced by the presence of chronic apical periodontitis (G1) or for prosthetic reasons, without clinical and radiographic signs of endodontic reinfection (G2). METHODS Microbiological samples were collected from thirty teeth (N=30) out of which 15 were indicated for retreatment due to the presence of chronic apical periodontitis (G1) and 15 were indicated exclusively for prosthetic reasons (G2). Samples were collected from root canals before (S1), after chemomechanical preparation (S2), and after 30 days of intracanal medication composed of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel (S3). The molecular analysis was performed using Nested-PCR for the detection of 17 bacterial species. The efficacy of each stage of the retreatment in reducing the microbial load was verified by counting colony-forming units (CFU). The statistical analysis considered a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The results showed that bacteria were detected in 100% of the cases in S1, in both groups, by Nested PCR. The most frequently found species in S1 in both groups were Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Parvimonas micra. The microbial load of G1 was higher than G2 in the initial samples (S1). Endodontic retreatment was effective in reducing the microbial load in G1 and G2. Statistically significant associations were found between specific bacteria and clinical signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the microbial community present in the root canal of teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment is mixed and heterogeneous. G1 and G2 differ in the number of species per case and microbial load. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Endodontic retreatment was effective in reducing the microbial load. Statistically significant associations were found between specific bacteria and clinical signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederaldo P Godoi-Jr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Francisco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloá C Bícego-Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maicon R Z Passini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José F A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Park R, Choi M, Seo J, Park EH, Jang SW, Shon WJ, Kim HY, Kim W. Root canal irrigation system using remotely generated high-power ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106168. [PMID: 36137469 PMCID: PMC9493060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root canal treatment is performed to remove the bacteria proliferating in the root canals of a tooth. Many conventional root canal irrigation methods use an instrument inserted into the root canals. However, bacteria removal is often incomplete in the apical region of the root canal, and the treatment carries clinical risks, such as instrument fracture and extrusion of irrigation liquid through the canal apex. We here suggest a novel, remotely generated high-intensity ultrasound irrigation system that exhibits better irrigation performance and a reduced clinical risk. Our device employs powerful ultrasonic waves generated by a transducer placed outside a target tooth. The generated ultrasonic waves are guided to travel into the root canals. In the root canals of the target tooth, acoustic cavitation occurs, and vapor bubbles are created. The dynamic motions of vapor bubbles create remarkable cleaning effects. Using root canal models, we tested the cleaning performance of the proposed system and compared it with other conventional irrigation methods. The results revealed that biofilm in the apical region of the root canal models can be removed exclusively using the proposed system, thus demonstrating an improvement in cleaning performance. We also measured pressure at the apex of the root canals of an extracted tooth while operating the proposed system. Our system exhibited a smaller pressure compared to the syringe irrigation method, thus suggesting a reduced risk of apical extrusion of the irrigation liquid. Since the proposed system operates without inserting instruments into the root canal, it can clean multiple root canals in a tooth simultaneously with a single treatment. The proposed device would be a breakthrough in root canal treatment in terms of irrigation performance, clinical safety, and ease of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeol Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaedeok Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonjung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Mishra A, Koul M, Abdullah A, Khan N, Dhawan P, Bhat A. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser (Continuous Mode), Diode Laser (Pulse Mode), and 5.25% of Sodium Hypochlorite in Disinfection of Root Canal: A Short Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:579-583. [PMID: 36865733 PMCID: PMC9973105 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The success of endodontic treatment is achieved by the complete elimination of pulpal infection and protection from future invasion of microorganisms. Due to the complex structure of the root canal, complete eradication of microorganisms is not possible and is a major challenge for successful endodontic treatment. Therefore, microbiological studies are needed to explore the effect of various disinfection methods. Aim and objective The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of root canal disinfection by using a diode laser (in pulse and continuous modes) and sodium hypochlorite by microbiological assessment. Materials and methods Forty-five patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups. After gaining patency to the root canal the first sample from the root canal was taken using a sterile absorbent paper point and transferred to a sterile tube containing a normal saline medium. Biomechanical preparation was performed with Dentsply Protaper hand files of each corresponding group and was disinfected with group I (diode light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) 980 nm with 3 W in continuous mode for 20 seconds), group II (diode LASER 980 nm with 3 W in pulse mode for 20 seconds), group III (irrigated with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes). Pre- and post-samples of each group were inoculated on sheep blood agar and examined for any bacterial growth. After the microbial evaluation of the total microbial count of pre- and post-samples, the data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results The data were evaluated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Groups I, II, and III all three groups showed significant differences (p < 0.01) and an overall reduction in the microbial count at postbiomechanical preparation (BMP) as compared to pre-BMP with the highest being in laser in continuous mode (group I) (91.9%), followed by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (group III) (86.5%) and LASER in pulse mode (group II) (72.0%) the least. Conclusion The study concluded that the diode laser in continuous mode is more efficacious than the diode laser in pulse mode and 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. How to cite this article Mishra A, Koul M, Abdullah A, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser (Continuous Mode), Diode Laser (Pulse Mode), and 5.25% of Sodium Hypochlorite in Disinfection of Root Canal: A Short Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):579-583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Mishra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsan Abdullah
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Dhawan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Anu Bhat
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions - microbiology of endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 3:512-530. [PMID: 34958494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:46-71. [PMID: 34714548 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic microbiology deals with the study of the microbial aetiology and pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular inflammatory diseases. Research in endodontic microbiology started almost 130 years ago and since then has mostly focussed on establishing and confirming the infectious aetiology of apical periodontitis, identifying the microbial species associated with the different types of endodontic infections and determining the efficacy of treatment procedures in eradicating or controlling infection. Diverse analytical methods have been used over the years, each one with their own advantages and limitations. In this review, the main features and applications of the most used technologies are discussed, and advice is provided to improve study designs in order to properly address the scientific questions and avoid setbacks that can compromise the results. Finally, areas of future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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Gomes BP, Francisco PA, Godoi Jr EP, Endo MS, Barbosa-Ribeiro M, Delboni MG, Pecorari VG. Identification of Culturable and Nonculturable Microorganisms, Lipopolysaccharides, and Lipoteichoic Acids From Root Canals of Teeth With Endodontic Failure. J Endod 2021; 47:1075-1086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sainudeen S, Nair VS, Zarbah M, Abdulla AM, Najeeb CM, Ganapathy S. Can Herbal Extracts Serve as Antibacterial Root Canal Irrigating Solutions? Antimicrobial Efficacy of Tylophora indica, Curcumin longa, Phyllanthus amarus, and Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms Formed on Tooth Substrate: In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S423-S429. [PMID: 33149499 PMCID: PMC7595561 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_127_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Tylophora indica, Curcumin longa, and Phyllanthus amarus on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on the tooth substrate. Sodium hypochlorite was used as a positive control. DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), the vehicle for the herbal extracts, was used as the negative control. Materials and Methods: Extracted human teeth were biomechanically prepared, vertically sectioned, placed in the tissue culture wells exposing the root canal surface to E. faecalis to form a biofilm. At the end of the third week, all groups were treated for 15 min with the test solutions and the control. The results were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance and compared by the Mann–Whitney test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. The qualitative assay with the 3-week biofilm on the canal portion showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth for NaOCl, whereas samples treated with herbal solutions showed significant reduction of bacterial growth compared to control group, which showed 139.9 × 109 CFU/mL among the experimental herbal solutions groups. P. amarus has shown maximum bacterial count followed by C. longa and T. indica. Conclusion: NaOCl 5% showed maximum antibacterial activity against 3-week biofilm on tooth substrate. T. indica, P. amarus, and C. longa showed statistically significant antibacterial activity against 3-week biofilm. The use of herbal alternatives might prove to be advantageous considering the several undesirable characteristics of NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veena S Nair
- Department of Dentistry, Regal Superspeciality Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Zarbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anshad Mohamed Abdulla
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontic Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chawre Mustufa Najeeb
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sivadas Ganapathy
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medical Science and Technology University, Bedong, Malaysia
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Louzada LM, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Duque TM, Casarin RC, Feres M, Gomes BP. Clinical Investigation of Microbial Profile and Levels of Endotoxins and Lipoteichoic Acid at Different Phases of the Endodontic Treatment in Teeth with Vital Pulp and Associated Periodontal Disease. J Endod 2020; 46:736-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dioguardi M, Alovisi M, Crincoli V, Aiuto R, Malagnino G, Quarta C, Laneve E, Sovereto D, Lo Russo L, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. Prevalence of the Genus Propionibacterium in Primary and Persistent Endodontic Lesions: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030739. [PMID: 32182900 PMCID: PMC7141369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium are anaerobic/aero-tolerant rod Gram-positive bacteria, and numerous studies are associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections. The data in the literature on the prevalence of Propionibacterium are conflicting, and there are studies that report conflicting data on the prevalence in primary and secondary endodontic infections. This review aims to clarify the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in endodontic lesions. The present systematic review work was performed on the basis of the Prisma protocol. A search was carried out on the PubMed and Scopus databases with the use of keywords. The research produced 410 records, which, after the elimination of the overlaps and the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to a number of 36 included articles divided by the three outcomes. The first outcome concerns prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in primary and secondary endodontic lesions. The secondary outcome, differences in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections. The tertiary outcome, differences in the prevalence of Propionibacterium Acnes compared to Propionibacterium propionicum in endodontic infections. The results of the meta-analysis show that the genus Propionibacterium bacteria are more prevalent in secondary endodontic infections and that P. Acnes has a higher prevalence than P. propionicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Malagnino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Cristian Quarta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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Prevalence of Bacteria of Genus Actinomyces in Persistent Extraradicular Lesions-Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020457. [PMID: 32046071 PMCID: PMC7074192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria. They are associated with persistent extraradicular endodontic infections, with possible involvement of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial district. Many studies reported conflicting data on the presence of bacteria of the genus Actinomyces in endodontic infections. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine the real prevalence of such bacteria in primary and/or secondary endodontic infections and in cases of persistence with extraradicular involvement. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search was carried out through the Scopus and PubMed databases of potentially eligible articles through the use of appropriate keywords. The literature research resulted in preliminary 2240 records which, after the elimination of overlaps and the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to the inclusion of 46 articles focusing on three outcomes (primary outcome: number of teeth with the presence of a persistent extraradicular infection in which the presence of Actinomyces was ascertained; secondary outcome: number of teeth with endodontic infection in which the presence of Actinomyces was assessed; tertiary outcome: difference in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Actinomyces between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections). Results of the meta-analysis show how bacteria of the genus Actinomyces are present in primary and secondary intraradicular infections and in those with persistence with a prevalence (ratio between teeth with actinomyces and teeth with infection) ranging from 0.091 up to 0.130 depending on the subgroups analyzed.
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14
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Lane J, Bonsor S. Survival rates of teeth treated with bacterial photo-dynamic therapy during disinfection of the root canal system. Br Dent J 2019; 226:333-339. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Gomes BPFDA, Herrera DR. Etiologic role of root canal infection in apical periodontitis and its relationship with clinical symptomatology. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e69. [PMID: 30365610 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows the polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections, in which bacteria and their products are the main agents for the development, progression, and dissemination of apical periodontitis. Microbial factors in necrotic root canals (e.g., endotoxin) may spread into apical tissue, evoking and supporting a chronic inflammatory load. Thus, apical periodontitis is the result of the complex interplay between microbial factors and host defense against invasion of periradicular tissues. This review of the literature aims to discuss the complex network between endodontic infectious content and host immune response in apical periodontitis. A better understanding of the relationship of microbial factors with clinical symptomatology is important to establish appropriate therapeutic procedures for a more predictable outcome of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Herrera
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Muniz FWMG, Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Rösing CK, Gomes BPFA. Correlation between crestal alveolar bone loss with intracanal bacteria and apical lesion area in necrotic teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:1-6. [PMID: 30025275 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the correlation between crestal alveolar bone loss with the presence of some bacterial species in root canals and the apical lesion area of necrotic teeth. DESIGN Data from 20 patients with diagnosis of pulp necrosis and acute apical abscesses, without active periodontal diseases, were evaluated. Patients with history of antibiotic usage three months prior to the study, with exposed pulp cavity, and with probing depth >3 mm were not included. The root size, the distance between the bone crest to the tooth apex in the mesial and distal surfaces, and the apical lesion area were measured from standard periapical radiographies by a calibrated examiner. Root canal samples were collected using sterilized paper points. In multirooted teeth, the largest root canal was sampled. Culture, microbial isolation and identification by phenotypic methods were performed. Spearman correlation and exact Fischer test were calculated between higher/lower existing bone crests, according to the median and the presence of specific bacteria. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between occurrence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Prevotella intermedia, and groups with higher/lower degree of bone loss (p > 0.05). A negative significant correlation was found between Parvimonas micra and periodontal bone loss (p = 0.02). Additionally, no statistically significant association was found between crestal bone loss and the apical lesion area. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that, in patients without active periodontitis, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the root canal was not correlated with periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Wilker M G Muniz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Rogério C Jacinto
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil.
| | - Cassiano K Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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de Lima BR, Nicoloso GF, Fatturi-Parolo CC, Ferreira MBC, Montagner F, Casagrande L. Prevotella
strains and lactamic resistance gene distribution in different oral environments of children with pulp necrosis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1196-1204. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. R. de Lima
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Clinics; Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - G. F. Nicoloso
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Clinics; Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - C. C. Fatturi-Parolo
- Division of Cariology; Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. B. C. Ferreira
- Department of Farmacology; Institute of Basic Health Sciences; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - F. Montagner
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Clinics; Division of Endodontics; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - L. Casagrande
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Clinics; Division of Pediatric Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre Brazil
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18
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Illumina MiSeq Sequencing for Preliminary Analysis of Microbiome Causing Primary Endodontic Infections in Egypt. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:2837328. [PMID: 29849646 PMCID: PMC5903297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2837328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high throughput next generation technologies has allowed more comprehensive analysis than traditional Sanger sequencing. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of primary endodontic infections using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform in Egyptian patients. Samples were collected from 19 patients in Suez Canal University Hospital (Endodontic Department) using sterile # 15K file and paper points. DNA was extracted using Mo Bio power soil DNA isolation extraction kit followed by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. The microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq device. MOTHUR software was used in sequence filtration and analysis of sequenced data. A total of 1858 operational taxonomic units at 97% similarity were assigned to 26 phyla, 245 families, and 705 genera. Four main phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes were predominant in all samples. At genus level, Prevotella, Bacillus, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides were the most abundant. Illumina MiSeq platform sequencing can be used to investigate oral microbiome composition of endodontic infections. Elucidating the ecology of endodontic infections is a necessary step in developing effective intracanal antimicrobials.
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19
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Takahama A, Rôças IN, Faustino ISP, Alves FRF, Azevedo RS, Gomes CC, Araújo-Filho WR, Siqueira JF. Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone-resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:738-746. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Takahama
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry; State University of Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - I. N. Rôças
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - I. S. P. Faustino
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - F. R. F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - R. S. Azevedo
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - C. C. Gomes
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - W. R. Araújo-Filho
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - J. F. Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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20
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Frequency and levels of candidate endodontic pathogens in acute apical abscesses as compared to asymptomatic apical periodontitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190469. [PMID: 29293651 PMCID: PMC5749828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute apical abscess is caused by bacteria that leave the infected dental root canal to invade the periodontal tissues. Most species occurring in abscesses are also found in asymptomatic infections; therefore, the possibility exists that not only the presence of certain species but also their specific counts influence the appearance of symptoms. This molecular study compared the frequency and levels of several candidate endodontic pathogens in teeth with acute apical abscesses and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods Samples were taken from the root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 73) and by aspiration of purulent exudate from acute abscesses (n = 55). DNA was extracted from samples and bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended semi-quantitative reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 40 bacterial species/phylotypes. Results Bacterial DNA was detected in all cases. In abscesses, the most prevalent taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (60%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (53%), Parvimonas micra (51%), and Streptococcus species (45%). The most frequently detected taxa in asymptomatic teeth were P. endodontalis (63%), Dialister invisus (58%), Olsenella uli (56%), and F. nucleatum (51%). None of the targeted taxa were significantly associated with abscesses when only mere presence was evaluated (p>0.05). However, semi-quantitative data demonstrated that P. endodontalis, Prevotella baroniae, Treponema denticola and Streptococcus species were significantly more frequent at levels >105 in abscesses than in asymptomatic cases (p<0.05). Conclusion None of the target species/phylotypes were associated with abscesses in terms of frequency. However, some taxa were significantly found in higher levels in abscesses. Presence of a potentially virulent pathogen in high counts may increase the collective pathogenicity of the bacterial community and give rise to symptoms.
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Mokhtari F, Anvar E, Mirshahpanah M, Hemati H, Danesh Kazemi A. The Probable Effect of Irrigation Solution and Time on Bond Strength to Coronal Dentin: An In Vitro Evaluation. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:439-442. [PMID: 29225638 PMCID: PMC5722119 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v12i4.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of root canal irrigants on the microtensile bond strength of 2-step self-etch adhesive to dentin. Methods and Materials: n this study 36 sound extracted human third molars were used. After grinding 3 mm of occlusal surface, teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups based on irrigation material naming normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and also irrigation time (5 or 30 min). Next, teeth were restored with Clearfil SE bond adhesive resin system and Z250 composite. The teeth were then thermo cycled by thermo cycling machine, for 500 cycles between 5º and 55ºC with 60 sec dwell time and 12 sec transfer time. All samples were sectioned into bucco-lingual slabs. The sections were submitted to the micro tensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Irrigation with normal saline, 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 5 or 30 min did not significantly change the microtensile bond strength of adhesive to dentin (P=0.729 for time and P=0.153 for material). However the maximum and minimum microtensile bond strength was attributed to normal saline (44.13 N) and NaOCl (31.29 N) groups, respectively. Conclusion: Iirrigation solution and time have no influence on microtensile bond strength of two-step self-etch adhesive to coronal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mokhtari
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran
| | | | | | - Hamidreza Hemati
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran
| | - Alireza Danesh Kazemi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Lin PY, Chiang YC, Chou YJ, Chang HJ, Chi LY. Association of Unfinished Root Canal Treatments with the Risk of Pneumonia Hospitalization. J Endod 2017; 43:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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de Castro FPL, Pinheiro SL, Duarte MAH, Duque JA, Fernandes SL, Anchieta RB, da Silveira Bueno CE. Effect of time and ultrasonic activation on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on smear layer removal of the root canal. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1062-1068. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira Linhares de Castro
- Master's Degree Student in Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Faculty of Dentistry; Campinas Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia-UNIPÓS; Centro Universitário do Norte Paulista-UNORP; São José do Rio Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Jussaro Alves Duque
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Faculdade Morgana Potrich; Mineiros Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Bruniera Anchieta
- Faculdade de Odontologia-UNIPÓS; Centro Universitário do Norte Paulista-UNORP; São José do Rio Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba Dental School; Department of Restorative Dentistry; Araçatuba Brazil
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Investigation of the Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Versus Irrigation with Reciprocating Activation: An Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Endod 2016; 42:659-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Dudeja PG, Dudeja KK, Srivastava D, Grover S. Microorganisms in periradicular tissues: Do they exist? A perennial controversy. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:356-63. [PMID: 26980965 PMCID: PMC4774290 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no greater association between the basic science and the practice of endodontics than that of microbiology. One of the strongest factors contributing to the controversies often encountered in the endodontic field is the lack of understanding that the disease processes of the pulp and periradicular tissues generally have a microbiological etiology. The vast majority of diseases of dental pulp and periradicular tissues are associated with microorganisms. After the microbial invasion of these tissues, the host responds with both nonspecific inflammatory responses and with specific immunologic responses to encounter such infections. The aim of this study is to fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the role of microorganisms in endodontics and to discuss in depth whether their presence in periradicular lesions is a myth or a reality. An electronic search was carried out on PubMed database (custom range of almost 50 years) and Google using specific keywords and phrases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified and around 50 articles were found suitable for inclusion. Full text of all the articles was retrieved and studied. Appropriate data were extracted and pooled and finally synthesized. It is important to understand the close relationship between the presence of microorganisms and endodontic disease process to develop an effective rationale for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gupta Dudeja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Dudeja
- Department of Prosthodontics, Formerly Professor, Krishna Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Srivastava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibani Grover
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India
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Lin PY, Chien KL, Chang HJ, Chi LY. Unfinished Root Canal Treatments and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. J Endod 2015; 41:1991-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wiest W, Zabler S, Rack A, Fella C, Balles A, Nelson K, Schmelzeisen R, Hanke R. In situ microradioscopy and microtomography of fatigue-loaded dental two-piece implants. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1492-7. [PMID: 26524314 PMCID: PMC4629868 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515015763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron real-time radioscopy and in situ microtomography are the only techniques providing direct visible information on a micrometre scale of local deformation in the implant-abutment connection (IAC) during and after cyclic loading. The microgap formation at the IAC has been subject to a number of studies as it has been proposed to be associated with long-term implant success. The next step in this scientific development is to focus on the in situ fatigue procedure of two-component dental implants. Therefore, an apparatus has been developed which is optimized for the in situ fatigue analysis of dental implants. This report demonstrates both the capability of in situ radioscopy and microtomography at the ID19 beamline for the study of cyclic deformation in dental implants. The first results show that it is possible to visualize fatigue loading of dental implants in real-time radioscopy in addition to the in situ fatigue tomography. For the latter, in situ microtomography is applied during the cyclic loading cycles in order to visualize the opening of the IAC microgap. These results concur with previous ex situ studies on similar systems. The setup allows for easily increasing the bending force, to simulate different chewing situations, and is, therefore, a versatile tool for examining the fatigue processes of dental implants and possibly other specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Wiest
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Zabler
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Randolf Hanke
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer EZRT, Fürth, Germany
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Igoumenakis D, Giannakopoulos NN, Parara E, Mourouzis C, Rallis G. Effect of Causative Tooth Extraction on Clinical and Biological Parameters of Odontogenic Infection: A Prospective Clinical Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:1254-8. [PMID: 25971920 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively compare changes of body temperature, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein between odontogenic infections in which the responsible tooth was removed and odontogenic infections in which the treatment included no extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of patients admitted to the authors' maxillofacial unit for odontogenic infection from 2010 through 2013. One hundred seventy-nine patients were categorized into an extraction or a non-extraction group based on whether the causative tooth was non-restorable or restorable, respectively. Non-restorable teeth were extracted at admission of the patient. Otherwise, the treatment protocol, including incision of the involved space in conjunction with intravenous antibiotics, was the same for the 2 groups. The parameters were measured and recorded at admission and 2 days later. Data records were statistically analyzed by comparing the change of the parameters studied between the extraction and non-extraction groups. P values less than .05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS One hundred seventy-nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 39.1 years (minimum, 14 yr; maximum, 81 yr; standard deviation, 15.4 yr). One hundred nine patients (60.9%) were male, and 70 (39.1%) were female. Differences in the mean decrease of axillary temperature, white blood cell count, fibrinogven, and C-reactive protein between the 2 groups were 0.178, 2,300, 1.01, and 0.64, respectively. All these differences were statistically significant (P =.02, .001, .001, and .001, respectively). Also, the mean hospital stay in the extraction group was 1.05 days shorter than in the non-extraction group, with the difference being statistically significant (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS In odontogenic maxillofacial infections, extraction of the causative tooth is associated with a faster clinical and biological resolution of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Igoumenakis
- Registrar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Attica "KAT," Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Eleni Parara
- Consultant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Attica "KAT," Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Mourouzis
- Consultant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Attica "KAT," Athens, Greece
| | - George Rallis
- Director and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Attica "KAT," Athens, Greece
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Peptoniphilus mikwangii sp. nov., Isolated from a Clinical Specimen of Human Origin. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:260-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ercan E, Dulgergil T, Yavuz I. The Effects of Antibacterial Solutions on Microorganisms Isolated from Infected Root CanalsIn Vivo. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2006.10817322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ercan E, Dalli M, Yavuz İ, Özekinci T. Investigation of Microorganisms in Infected Dental Root Canals. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2006.10817361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ex Vivo Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Nd:YAG and Diode Lasers in Root Canals. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/v10133-010-0033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Oliveira SGDD, Gomes DJ, Costa MHDN, Sousa ERD, Lund RG. Coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth with intracanal post exposed to fresh human saliva. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:403-8. [PMID: 24212985 PMCID: PMC3881841 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the coronal microleakage of
endodontically treated teeth prepared to receive an intracanal post and teeth with
an intracanal post but without a prosthetic crown and exposed to contamination by
fresh human saliva. Material and Methods A mechanical-chemical preparation following the step-back technique was carried
out in 35 extracted single-rooted human teeth. The teeth were randomly divided
into five groups: G1=root canals instrumented, obturated, and prepared to receive
an intracanal post (N=10); G2=root canals with cemented posts but without coronal
sealing (N=10); PC1=positive control root canals instrumented and open (N=5);
PC2=positive control 2 root canals without instrumentation and open (N=5); and
NC=negative control healthy teeth (N=5). The crowns were removed except for the
control group of intact teeth. The root canals were obturated and sterilized with
cobalt 60 gamma irradiation and were then adapted in an apparatus using a Brain
Heart Infusion (BHI) medium and fresh human saliva for contamination. Microbial
growth was indicated by the presence of turbidity in the BHI liquid medium. Results Data were submitted to the Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis and the Holm-Sidak
statistic method, which observed an index of 90% of microleakage in root canals
after 24 hours for G1 and 70% of microleakage in samples at the end of 40 days for
G2. Conclusion The results show that root canals with an intracanal post but without a prosthetic
crown can be recontaminated when exposed to fresh human saliva in a short
period.
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Anderson AC, Al-Ahmad A, Elamin F, Jonas D, Mirghani Y, Schilhabel M, Karygianni L, Hellwig E, Rehman A. Comparison of the bacterial composition and structure in symptomatic and asymptomatic endodontic infections associated with root-filled teeth using pyrosequencing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84960. [PMID: 24386438 PMCID: PMC3875544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual microorganisms and/or re-infections are a major cause for root canal therapy failure. Understanding of the bacterial content could improve treatment protocols. Fifty samples from 25 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic previously root-filled teeth were collected from Sudanese patients with periradicular lesions. Amplified 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2) variable regions were subjected to pyrosequencing (FLX 454) to determine the bacterial profile. Obtained quality-controlled sequences from forty samples were classified into 741 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3% dissimilarity, 525 at 5% dissimilarity and 297 at 10% dissimilarity, approximately corresponding to species-, genus- and class levels. The most abundant phyla were: Firmicutes (29.9%), Proteobacteria (26.1%), Actinobacteria (22.72%), Bacteroidetes (13.31%) and Fusobacteria (4.55%). Symptomatic patients had more Firmicutes and Fusobacteria than asymptomatic patients, while asymptomatic patients showed more Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Interaction of disease status and age was observed by two-way ANOSIM. Canonical correspondence analysis for age, tooth restoration and disease status showed a correlation of disease status with the composition and prevalence of different members of the microbial community. The pyrosequencing analysis revealed a distinctly higher diversity of the microbiota compared to earlier reports. The comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients showed a clear association of the composition of the bacterial community with the presence and absence of symptoms in conjunction with the patients’ age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Carola Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Fadil Elamin
- Khartoum Center for Research and Medical Training, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Daniel Jonas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yousra Mirghani
- Khartoum Center for Research and Medical Training, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Markus Schilhabel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister, Streptococcus, and Treponema. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.
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Microbiota associated with infections of the jaws. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:369751. [PMID: 22829824 PMCID: PMC3399405 DOI: 10.1155/2012/369751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial infections involving the craniofacial skeleton, particularly maxilla and mandible, have direct relationship with the dental biofilm, with predominance of obligate anaerobes. In some patients, these infections may spread to bone marrow or facial soft tissues, producing severe and life-threatening septic conditions. In such cases, local treatment associated with systemic antimicrobials should be used in order to eradicate the sources of contamination. This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.
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Effects of different implant-abutment connections on micromotion and stress distribution: prediction of microgap formation. J Dent 2012; 40:467-74. [PMID: 22366313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyse micromotion and stress distribution at the connections of implants and four types of abutments: internal hexagonal, internal octagonal, internal conical and trilobe. METHODS A three dimensional (3D) model of the left posterior mandible was reconstructed from medical datasets. Four dental implant systems were designed and analysed independently in a virtual simulation of a first molar replacement. Material properties, contact properties, physiological loading and boundary conditions were assigned to the 3D model. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence interval and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) multiple comparison test. RESULTS The internal hexagonal and octagonal abutments produced similar patterns of micromotion and stress distribution due to their regular polygonal design. The internal conical abutment produced the highest magnitude of micromotion, whereas the trilobe connection showed the lowest magnitude of micromotion due to its polygonal profile. CONCLUSIONS Non-cylindrical abutments provided a stable locking mechanism that reduced micromotion, and therefore reduced the occurrence of microgaps. However, stress tends to concentrate at the vertices of abutments, which could lead to microfractures and subsequent microgap formation.
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Comparing the bacterial diversity of acute and chronic dental root canal infections. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28088. [PMID: 22132218 PMCID: PMC3221700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study performed barcoded multiplex pyrosequencing with a 454 FLX instrument to compare the microbiota of dental root canal infections associated with acute (symptomatic) or chronic (asymptomatic) apical periodontitis. Analysis of samples from 9 acute abscesses and 8 chronic infections yielded partial 16S rRNA gene sequences that were taxonomically classified into 916 bacterial species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (at 3% divergence) belonging to 67 genera and 13 phyla. The most abundant phyla in acute infections were Firmicutes (52%), Fusobacteria (17%) and Bacteroidetes (13%), while in chronic infections the dominant were Firmicutes (59%), Bacteroidetes (14%) and Actinobacteria (10%). Members of Fusobacteria were much more prevalent in acute (89%) than in chronic cases (50%). The most abundant/prevalent genera in acute infections were Fusobacterium and Parvimonas. Twenty genera were exclusively detected in acute infections and 18 in chronic infections. Only 18% (n = 165) of the OTUs at 3% divergence were shared by acute and chronic infections. Diversity and richness estimators revealed that acute infections were significantly more diverse than chronic infections. Although a high interindividual variation in bacterial communities was observed, many samples tended to group together according to the type of infection (acute or chronic). This study is one of the most comprehensive in-deep comparisons of the microbiota associated with acute and chronic dental root canal infections and highlights the role of diverse polymicrobial communities as the unit of pathogenicity in acute infections. The overall diversity of endodontic infections as revealed by the pyrosequencing technique was much higher than previously reported for endodontic infections.
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39
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Analysis of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Primary Root Canal Infections in Adult Norwegian Patients. J Endod 2011; 37:1206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Tong Z, Zhou L, Li J, Jiang W, Ma L, Ni L. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activities of MTAD in Combination with Nisin against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2011; 37:1116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Izutani N, Imazato S, Noiri Y, Ebisu S. Antibacterial effects of MDPB against anaerobes associated with endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2010; 43:637-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Although fungi, archaea, and viruses contribute to the microbial diversity in endodontic infections, bacteria are the most common micro-organisms occurring in these infections. Datasets from culture and molecular studies, integrated here for the first time, showed that over 460 unique bacterial taxa belonging to 100 genera and 9 phyla have been identified in different types of endodontic infections. The phyla with the highest species richness were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Diversity varies significantly according to the type of infection. Overall, more taxa have been disclosed by molecular studies than by culture. Many cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes have emerged as candidate pathogens based on detection in several studies and/or high prevalence. Now that a comprehensive inventory of the endodontic microbial taxa has been established, future research should focus on the association with different disease conditions, functional roles in the community, and susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580/cobertura, Recreio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Distinctive features of the microbiota associated with different forms of apical periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523208 PMCID: PMC3077003 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms infecting the dental root canal system play an unequivocal role as causative agents of apical periodontitis. Although fungi, archaea, and viruses have been found in association with some forms of apical periodontitis, bacteria are the main microbial etiologic agents of this disease. Bacteria colonizing the root canal are usually organized in communities similar to biofilm structures. Culture and molecular biology technologies have demonstrated that the endodontic bacterial communities vary in species richness and abundance depending on the different types of infection and different forms of apical periodontitis. This review paper highlights the distinctive features of the endodontic microbiota associated with diverse clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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44
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McBain AJ, Madhwani T, Eatough J, Ledder R. An introduction to probiotics for dental health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1616/1476-2137.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gemella morbillorum in primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:519-25. [PMID: 18329586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of Gemella morbillorum by culture or nested PCR in primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections. STUDY DESIGN Microbial samples were taken from 50 cases with primary and 50 cases with secondary/persistent endodontic infections. Microbiologic techniques were used for culture and identification. The DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed for the presence of the target species using species-specific primers. RESULTS Culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the species in 23 and 77, respectively, of 100 root canals. Culture yielded the test organism in 19 of 50 (38%) of root canal samples from primary and in 4 of 50 (8%) from secondary/persistent infections. PCR yielded the test organisms in 41 of 50 (82%) and 36 of 50 (72%) of the, respectively, primary and secondary/persistent root canal infections studied. CONCLUSION Gemella morbillorum was identified more frequently in primary endodontic infections than in secondary/persistent ones. A higher frequency of the target species was detected by PCR than by culture.
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Vianna ME, Horz HP, Conrads G, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ, Gomes BPFA. Effect of root canal procedures on endotoxins and endodontic pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:411-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Kato H, Yoshida A, Ansai T, Watari H, Notomi T, Takehara T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of Enterococcus faecalis in infected root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:131-5. [PMID: 17311637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enterococcus faecalis is a major pathogen in the etiology of apical periodontitis after root canal treatment. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, which amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a DNA polymerase with strand-displacement activity, was developed for the rapid detection of E. faecalis in clinical specimens from root canals. METHODS Primers for detecting E. faecalis from the azoA gene were designed. The specificity of this assay was evaluated using various oral bacteria and the sensitivity was evaluated using serially diluted E. faecalis chromosomal DNA. In addition, loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays were applied to the rapid detection of E. faecalis from endodontic samples. RESULTS The loop-mediated isothermal amplification products amplified with the primer set were specific for E. faecalis. To confirm the specificity of the amplicon, the amplified products were digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. The lower detection limit of the E. faecalis primer set without the loop primer set was 10 microg/tube for a 50-min loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction. Using loop primers increased the detection sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, E. faecalis was detected with the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in four root canals from 18 individuals and the detection results were consistent with those of conventional polymerase chain reactions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay is very useful for rapid detection of E. faecalis and diagnosis of endodontic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Kyushu Dental College, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
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Gomes BPFDA, Vianna ME, Sena NT, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, de Souza Filho FJ. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine gel used as intracanal medicament. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:544-50. [PMID: 16997123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) combined with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel against endodontic pathogens and to compare the results with the ones achieved by Ca(OH)2 mixed with sterile water and by CHX gel alone. Two methods were used: the agar diffusion test and the direct contact test. Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel produced inhibitory zones ranging from 2.84 to 6.5 mm, and required from 30 seconds to 6 hours to eliminate all tested microorganisms. However, 2% CHX gel showed the largest microbial growth zones from 4.33 to 21.67 mm, and required 1 minute or less to inhibit all tested microorganisms. A paste of Ca(OH)2 plus sterile water inhibited only the microorganisms with which it was in direct contact and required from 30 seconds to 24 hours to kill all tested microorganisms. In conclusion, 2% CHX gel + Ca(OH)2 showed better antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 manipulated with sterile water.
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Gomes BPFA, Pinheiro ET, Sousa ELR, Jacinto RC, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, de Souza-Filho FJ. Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals detected by culture and by polymerase chain reaction analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:247-53. [PMID: 16876070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic infections by culture and polymerase chain reaction analyses. STUDY DESIGN Microbial samples were obtained from 50 teeth with untreated necrotic pulps (primary infection) and from 50 teeth with failing endodontic treatment (secondary infection). Culture techniques were used including serial dilution, plating, incubation, and biochemical identification. For PCR detection, samples were analyzed using a species-specific primer of the 16S rDNA and the downstream intergenic spacer region. RESULTS Culture and PCR detected the test species in 23 of 100 and 79 of 100 of the teeth, respectively. E faecalis was cultured from 2 (4%) of 50 necrotic canals and from 21 (42%) of 50 root-treated canals. PCR detection identified the target species in 41 (82%) and 38 (76%) of 50 primary and secondary infections respectively. CONCLUSION E faecalis was detected as frequently in teeth with necrotic pulp as in teeth with failing endodontic treatment when a PCR analysis was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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50
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Jacinto RC, Gomes BP, Shah HN, Ferraz CC, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJ. Quantification of endotoxins in necrotic root canals from symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:777-783. [PMID: 16014432 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the concentration of endotoxin in necrotic root canals and investigate the possible relationship between the concentration of endotoxin and endodontic signs and symptoms. Samples were collected from root canals of 50 patients requiring endodontic treatment due to necrosis of the pulpal tissue. Anaerobic techniques were used to determine the number of c.f.u. in each sample. A quantitative chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay was used to measure the concentration of endotoxin in each sample. The presence of c.f.u. was detected by culture in all samples (range 10(2)-5x10(6)). In samples from cases of patients with spontaneous pain, the mean c.f.u. was 1.43x10(6) while in asymptomatic cases it was 9.1x10(4). Endotoxin was present in all the samples studied [range 2390.0-22100.0 endotoxin units (EU) ml-1]. The mean concentration of endotoxin in samples from patients with spontaneous pain was 18540.0 EU ml-1 while in asymptomatic cases it was 12030.0 EU ml-1. Asymptomatic cases generally had lower levels of endotoxin (i.e. a negative association). A positive association was found between endotoxin and symptomatic cases (e.g. spontaneous pain, tenderness to percussion, pain on palpation, swelling and purulent exudates). This study showed that endotoxin is present in high concentrations in root canals of symptomatic teeth. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of endotoxin in the root canal and the presence of endodontic signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio C Jacinto
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Brenda Pfa Gomes
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Haroun N Shah
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Caio C Ferraz
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Alexandre A Zaia
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Francisco J Souza-Filho
- Endodontic Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Avenida Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil 2NCTC - Molecular Identification Service Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT, UK
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