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Ramos-Júdez S, Estévez A, González-López WÁ, Duncan N. Lipid and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, ovary, and peritoneal fat in wild flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) according to ovarian development. Theriogenology 2023; 198:317-326. [PMID: 36638591 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wild adult females of a low trophic omnivore teleost species, the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), caught in the western Mediterranean were sampled. The lipid and fatty acid composition of ovaries, liver, muscle, and peritoneal fat were analysed at previtellogenesis, early-vitellogenesis -first observed at mid-summer (early August)-, late-vitellogenesis, and the post-spawning period -from mid-September to mid-October-. During ovarian development, the lipid content of muscle was low and constant (3.85%-4.92%), indicating that the muscle was not used to store lipids for gonadal growth. Although constant, lipid content in the liver was higher (18.46%-22.62%) than in the muscle, and HSI% increased during gonad development, suggesting a dynamism in the mobilization of the hepatic lipids. Total lipids in the gonads significantly increased with maturation (from 4.90% to 34.59%) in parallel with the GSI (from 0.8% to 15.5%) to decrease after spawning. Peritoneal fat was probably transitional fat that could be rapidly metabolized or transferred to other tissues but no specific function could be assigned because its presence in previtellogenic and early-vitellogenic females varied greatly. One of the main sources of lipids accumulated in the ovary was most likely diet. The total percentage of ΣMUFA, mainly 17:1 -previously not identified in high quantities in teleost vitellogenic ovaries and likely of bacterial origin- and 16:1, strongly increased in the ovaries with maturation. The 16:1 might be an important source of lipids for embryo development. High percentages of DHA, EPA, and ARA were found in the ovary during previtellogenesis available to be used during gonadal maturation. Understanding lipid and fatty acid changes in broodstock tissues can increase our knowledge of the nutritional requirements of the fish used in aquaculture breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos-Júdez
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra, de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Alicia Estévez
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra, de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wendy Ángela González-López
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra, de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Neil Duncan
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita Ctra, de Poble Nou km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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Rosas VT, Monserrat JM, Bessonart M, Magnone L, Romano LA, Tesser MB. Fish oil and meal replacement in mullet (Mugil liza) diet with Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and linseed oil. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 218:46-54. [PMID: 30593856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effect of the simultaneous substitution of fish meal and fish oil at 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% (termed SS0, SS30, SS50, SS70 and SS100, respectively) with both Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and linseed oil. The effect on growth, colour, fatty acid (FA) profile, and liver and muscle antioxidant response in mullets (Mugil liza) were evaluated. A full substitution was not possible due to a final body weight reduction (p < 0.05). The colorimetric analyses showed an improvement in fillet colouration (p < 0.05). Also, we found a saturation of carotenoids in muscle at 30% substitution. The content of highly unsaturated fatty acids - HUFA (DHA, EPA and ARA) in muscle diminished as the substitution level increased and, at the same time, the level of these FAs in the diet diminished. We found interesting evidence of elongation from 18:3n-3 to 20:3n-3 when substitution with linseed oil levels was above 50% but no desaturation to 20:4 or 20:5n-3 was found, which could insinuate a certain n-3 HUFA requirement under the experimental conditions. Moreover, we noted an increase in the antioxidant capacity up to the treatment SS70; the SS100 treatment showed a diminution in the antioxidant capacity. It is concluded that a partial inclusion of Spirulina and linseed oil (50%) is possible, and that this replacement can increase antioxidant responses, improve its growth performance and can modulate the mullets fillet quality without affecting negatively fillet fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Torres Rosas
- Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos (LANOA), IO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - José María Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), IO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Martin Bessonart
- Laboratoriode Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias - UDeLaR, Montevideo, Uruguay; Estación Experimental de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura, DINARA, Cabo Polonio., Uruguay
| | - Larisa Magnone
- Laboratoriode Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias - UDeLaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Alberto Romano
- Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia e Imunologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, IO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Borges Tesser
- Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos (LANOA), IO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Guardiola FA, Cordero H, Cuesta A, Esteban MA, Martínez-López FJ, López-Jiménez JA. The short-term effects of farmed fish food consumed by wild fish congregating outside the farms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:689-698. [PMID: 28341154 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We simulated in the laboratory the possible effects on fatty acids and immune status of wild fish arriving for the first time in the vicinity of a sea-cage fish farm, shifting their natural diet to commercial feed consumption, rich in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The flesh fatty acid profile of golden mullet specimens was altered after 2weeks of commercial feed consumption, showing an increase in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The serum peroxidase and bactericidal activities, and head-kidney leucocyte phagocytic capacity, increased after eight weeks of the new diet, while the respiratory burst activity decreased. The extent of these changes cannot be considered large enough to regard them as compromising the health status of fish. More research is needed in order to elucidate whether the rapid assimilation of the dietary fatty acids could harm the immune status of fish when feeding for longer periods than two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez-Silvera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - F A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - H Cordero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J A López-Jiménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Effects of dietary lipid composition on growth, food utilization and body
composition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Six experimental diets with similar contents of macronutrients (450, 300 and
70 g/kg dry matter of protein, carbohydrate and fat, respectively) and, therefore,
total energy, hut differing in the composition of lipid component, were each given
to three replicate groups of European eel. Different fat mixtures were used to
formulate diets with different levels of fatty acids considered as essential for
fish: linoleic (18: 2n6), linolenic (18: ЗпЗ) and highly unsaturated fatty acid
(HUFA)n3, mainly EPA (20: 5n3) and DHA (22: 6n3). One tested diet contained low
levels of all the three components, three diets had a high level of each one of
these, the fifth diet contained high levels of both 18C fatty acids and, finally,
a sixth diet incorporated simultaneously high amounts of 18: 2n6 and
(HUFA)nЗ.
Dietary lipid composition did not significantly affect food intake or protein
and fat apparent digestibility. However, growth and food efficiency were the best
with the diet containing approximately 5 g/kg of both linoleic and linolenic
acids. Although all groups increased their body fat content over the experiment,
the fatty acid composition of total muscle lipids was rather insensitive to lipid
dietary composition, perhaps due to the high body fat content of the eels prior to
the experiment.
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El Sheikha AF, Montet D. How to Determine the Geographical Origin of Seafood? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:306-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.745478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kalogeropoulos N, Nomikos T, Chiou A, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Chemical composition of Greek avgotaracho prepared from mullet (Mugil cephalus): nutritional and health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5916-5925. [PMID: 18576655 DOI: 10.1021/jf8003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crude composition, lipid composition, and tocopherols, ascorbic acid, cholesterol, phytosterols, and squalene content together with fatty acids and antiplatelet activities of total, neutral, and polar lipids of avgotaracho (wax-covered, dried, and salted Mugil cephalus roe) were studied and compared with those of similar products. Wax and steryl esters accounted for 63.7% of roe lipids followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), which comprised 20.3%. Wax esters were rich in saturated fatty alcohols, monounsaturated fatty acids, and long chain omega3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The fatty acid distribution in roe total and neutral lipids was similar to that of wax esters, while in polar lipids, the omega3 HUFA predominated. Avgotaracho provides significant amounts of protein, fat, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and PC, certain amounts of squalene and phytosterols, and cholesterol at levels comparable to hens' eggs. Total, polar, and neutral lipids of avgotaracho exhibited a strong inhibition of platelet activating factors and thrombin, with polar lipids being more active. The results obtained indicate that avgotaracho is a food of high nutritive value, rich in protein and lipids with a healthy lipid profile in terms of omega3/omega6 ratio and major fatty acid classes, while the antiplatelet activity of its oil indicates a putative antithrombotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 176 71 Athens, Greece.
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Seiliez I, Panserat S, Corraze G, Kaushik S, Bergot P. Cloning and nutritional regulation of a Delta6-desaturase-like enzyme in the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 135:449-60. [PMID: 12831765 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine fish are presumed to have a lower capacity than freshwater fish for the bioconvertion of 18C fatty acids into 20-22C highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The present work investigated the first step of this pathway, the Delta6-desaturation, in gilthead seabream. A full-length desaturase-like cDNA was identified from total RNA extracted from viscera of juvenile fish fed for 96 days on an experimental HUFA-free diet containing olive oil as the sole lipid source. The open reading frame encodes a 445-amino acid peptide that contains two membrane-spanning domains, three histidine-rich regions, and a cytochrome b(5) domain, which are characteristic of Delta6- and Delta5-desaturases. Predicted protein sequence of seabream desaturase-like indicated a high percentage of identity with mammalian Delta6-desaturases (approx. 65%). Northern analysis showed two transcripts of approximately 3.7 and 1.8 kb which were highly expressed in fish fed on HUFA-free diet and slightly expressed in fish fed on HUFA-rich diet. The fatty acid profile of the former group was characterized by high levels of Delta6-desaturation products (18:2 n-9 and 20:2 n-9) with no detectable levels of Delta5-desaturation product (20:3n-9). These results demonstrate for the first time the presence and nutritional modulation of a Delta6-desaturase-like cDNA in a marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Seiliez
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, Unité mixte INRA-IFREMER, 64310, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the major morphological signs of nutritional lipid pathologies which have been reported in farmed fish, including nutritional pathologies arising from dietary essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies, nutritional pathologies resulting from dietary fatty acid toxicities and imbalances, and nutritional pathologies resulting from the dietary intake of oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Tacon
- Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome, Italy
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