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Chu S, Yang Y, Nazar M, Chen Z, Yang Z. miR-497 Regulates LATS1 through the PPARG Pathway to Participate in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1224. [PMID: 37372404 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient metabolism is required to maintain energy balance in animal organisms, and fatty acids play an irreplaceable role in fat metabolism. In this study, microRNA sequencing was performed on mammary gland tissues collected from cows during early, peak, and late lactation to determine miRNA expression profiles. Differentially expressed miRNA (miR-497) was selected for functional studies of fatty acid substitution. Simulants of miR-497 impaired fat metabolism [triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol], whereas knockdown of miR-497 promoted fat metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in vitro. In addition, in vitro experiments on BMECs showed that miR-497 could down-regulate C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, and C20:1 as well as long-chain polyunsaturated fats. Thus, these data expand the discovery of a critical role for miR-497 in mediating adipocyte differentiation. Through bioinformatics analysis and further validation, we identified large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) as a target of miR-497. siRNA-LATS1 increased concentrations of fatty acids, TAG, and cholesterol in cells, indicating an active role of LATS1 in milk fat metabolism. In summary, miR-497/LATS1 can regulate the biological processes associated with TAG, cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cells, providing an experimental basis for further elucidating the mechanistic regulation of lipid metabolism in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Chen Z, Chu S, Liang Y, Xu T, Sun Y, Li M, Zhang H, Wang X, Mao Y, Loor JJ, Wu Y, Yang Z. miR-497 regulates fatty acid synthesis via LATS2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:8625-8636. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both mRNA and miRNA play an important role in the regulation of mammary fatty acid metabolism and milk fat synthesis.
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Cai J, Zhao FQ, Liu JX, Wang DM. Local Mammary Glucose Supply Regulates Availability and Intracellular Metabolic Pathways of Glucose in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Dairy Goats Under Malnutrition of Energy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 30405429 PMCID: PMC6206160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As glucose is the regulator of both the milk yield and mammary oxidative status, glucose supply is considered to play important nutritional and physiological role on mammary gland (MG) metabolism. However, inconsistent results were observed from different infusion methods to evaluate the effect of glucose on MG glucose metabolism. Thus, precise method should be developed to learn how availability and intracellular metabolic pathways of glucose in the MG are altered by the direct mammary glucose supply. In addition, limited information is available on the role of mammary glucose supply in milk synthesis in lactating ruminants under an energy-deficient diet. Direct glucose supply to the MG was implemented in the current study through the external pudendal artery infusion under an energy-deficient diet. Six doses of glucose (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/d) were infused through the external pudendal arteries, which is the main artery to the MG, to six lactating goats fed with basal diet meeting 81% energy requirement in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Milk and lactose yields were both quadratically increased with increased glucose infusion, whereas the milk yield changed inconsistently with the increased energy balance (EB), indicating local glucose supply, rather than EB, improved milk production. Glucose fluxes in the MG were significantly increased and correlated with mammary plasma flow. However, the ratio of lactose yield to glucose absorbed by the MG was significantly decreased. The increased glucose fluxes in the MG and changed glucose-related metabolites in milk indicated that the glucose availability and intracellular metabolic pathways was regulated by local mammary glucose. Acute glycolysis consumed the superfluous glucose and induced accumulation of oxygen radicals in the MG during over-supplied glucose conditions. The present study provided insight to optimal glucose supply to the MG during the lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Intravenous supplementation of acetate, glucose or essential amino acids to an energy and protein deficient diet in lactating dairy goats: Effects on milk production and mammary nutrient extraction. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shahbazkia HR, Aminlari M, Tavasoli A, Mohamadnia AR, Cravador A. Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential. Vet Res Commun 2009; 34:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao FQ, Keating AF. Expression and regulation of glucose transporters in the bovine mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90 Suppl 1:E76-86. [PMID: 17517754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary precursor for the synthesis of lactose, which controls milk volume by maintaining the osmolarity of milk. Glucose uptake in the mammary gland plays a key role in milk production. Glucose transport across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells is carried out by 2 distinct processes: facilitative transport, mediated by a family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT); and sodium-dependent transport, mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Transport kinetic studies indicate that glucose transport across the plasma membrane of the lactating bovine mammary epithelial cell has a K(m) value of 8.29 mM for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and can be inhibited by both cytochalasin-B and phloretin, indicating a facilitative transport process. This is consistent with the observation that in the lactating bovine mammary gland, GLUT1 is the predominant glucose transporter. However, the bovine lactating mammary gland also expresses GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT5, GLUT8, GLUT12, and sodium-dependent SGLT1 and SGLT2 at different levels. Studies of protein expression and cellular and subcellular localizations of these transporters are needed to address their physiological functions in the mammary gland. From late pregnancy to early lactation, expression of GLUT1, GLUT8, GLUT12, SGLT1, and SGLT2 mRNA increases from at least 5-fold to several hundred-fold, suggesting that these transporters may be regulated by lactogenic hormones and have roles in milk synthesis. The GLUT1 protein is detected in lactating mammary epithelial cells. Its expression level decreases from early to late lactation stages and becomes barely detectable in the nonlactating gland. Both GLUT1 mRNA and protein levels in the lactating mammary gland are not significantly affected by exogenous bovine growth hormone, and, in addition, GLUT1 mRNA does not appear to be affected by leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-Q Zhao
- Lactation and Mammary Gland Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
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Odensten MO, Chilliard Y, Holtenius K. Effects of Two Different Feeding Strategies During Dry-Off on Metabolism in High-Yielding Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:2072-82. [PMID: 15905438 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate different feeding strategies of high-yielding dairy cows during dry-off. With a 12- to 13-mo calving interval and increasing milk yield, metabolic and health problems during the dry-off period will increase. Twenty-two dairy primiparous and multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding treatments. One group was fed straw ad libitum (straw), and the other group was fed silage (4 kg/d of dry matter) daily and straw ad libitum (silage). At the dry-off point (d 0), the cows had an average milk yield of 17.1 +/- 0.8 kg/d. All cows were milked in the morning on d 3 and 5 during the dry-off period. Rumen fluid was analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH, NH3-N, and protozoa were counted from samples collected at d -3, 4, and 17. Total VFA concentration decreased at dry-off in both treatments and the drop was most pronounced among cows fed straw. Rumen pH increased significantly in both groups, and cows fed straw had significantly higher pH during dry-off. Ammonia N in rumen decreased significantly at dry-off and there was a tendency to lowered NH(3)-N in cows fed straw at dry-off. The plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids was markedly elevated during the dry-off period among cows in the straw treatment group, but was less pronounced among the cows fed silage with straw. The glucose level in plasma was not significantly affected during the dry-off period, and the insulin concentration was markedly reduced in both treatment groups. Plasma leptin concentration was lower in the lactating state than in the dry period. Both the beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea concentrations in plasma were significantly reduced during dry-off. Our results indicate that dry-off markedly affected the metabolism in the blood and in the rumen of the cows, and that the cows offered only straw during the dry-off were most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Odensten
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-753 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chartrel N, Dujardin C, Leprince J, Desrues L, Tonon MC, Cellier E, Cosette P, Jouenne T, Simonnet G, Vaudry H. Isolation, characterization, and distribution of a novel neuropeptide, Rana RFamide (R-RFa), in the brain of the European green frog Rana esculenta. J Comp Neurol 2002; 448:111-27. [PMID: 12012424 DOI: 10.1002/cne.10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel neuropeptide of the RFamide peptide family was isolated in pure form from a frog (Rana esculenta) brain extract by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in combination with a radioimmunoassay for mammalian neuropeptide FF (NPFF). The primary structure of the peptide was established as Ser-Leu-Lys- Pro-Ala-Ala-Asn-Leu-Pro-Leu- Arg-Phe-NH(2). The sequence of this neuropeptide, designated Rana RFamide (R-RFa), exhibits substantial similarities with those of avian LPLRFamide, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, and human RFRP-1. The distribution of R-RFa was investigated in the frog central nervous system by using an antiserum directed against bovine NPFF. In the brain, immunoreactive cell bodies were primarily located in the hypothalamus, i.e., the anterior preoptic area, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the dorsal and ventral hypothalamic nuclei. The most abundant population of R-RFa-containing neurons was found in the periependymal region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. R-RFa- containing fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain from the olfactory bulb to the brainstem, and were particularly abundant in the external layer of the median eminence. In the spinal cord, scattered immunoreactive neurons were found in the gray matter. R-RFa-positive processes were found in all regions of the spinal cord, but they were more abundant in the dorsal horn. This study provides the first characterization of a member of the RFamide peptide family in amphibians. The occurrence of this novel neuropeptide in the hypothalamus and median eminence and in the dorsal region of the spinal cord suggests that, in frog, R-RFa may exert neuroendocrine activities and/or may be involved in the transmission of nociceptive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chartrel
- European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U-413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont- Saint-Aignan, France
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Chang C, Chen C, Wu C. Changes in apparent mammary uptake of blood metabolites during involution in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Weidner MF, Grenier D, Mayrand D. Proteolytic artifacts in SDS-PAGE analysis of selected periodontal pathogens. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 11:103-8. [PMID: 8941761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine whether proteolytic artifacts, which result in a loss and poor resolution of protein bands, occur during sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of cellular proteins from selected proteolytic (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens and Treponema denticola) and non-proteolytic (Fusobacterium nucleatum) bacteria. Conditions to limit or prevent proteolysis were also investigated. Bacterial cells were incubated in solubilizing buffer (SDS+ beta mercaptoethanol) at room temperature for various periods of time before boiling. A control assay consisted of trichloroacetic acid-treated bacterial cells. Cellular proteins were separated by electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue. Proteolysis occurred very rapidly in the case of P. gingivalis (< 30 s), whereas a longer incubation time (> 1 h) was required to observe similar effects in P. nigrescens and T. denticola. No proteolysis was observed for F. nucleatum. In all cases, heat (100 degrees C) and low pH (< 4) treatments of bacterial cells could avoid production of proteolytic artifacts. Incorporation of specific protease inhibitors before solubilization of bacteria could also prevent proteolysis. More particularly, N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), iodoacetamide and diisopropylfluorophosphate (50 mM) were highly efficient for P. gingivalis, P. nigrescens and T. denticola, respectively. When outer membranes of P. gingivalis were prepared in the presence of TLCK, numerous additional protein brands, not seen in the absence of TLCK, were detected. The present study suggests that specific protease inhibitors, effective in preventing proteolysis, should be identified and added during cell fractionation and protein purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Weidner
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire et Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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The effect of mammary O2 uptake, CO2 and H+ production on mammary blood flow during pregnancy, lactation and somatotropin treatment in goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(95)02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Nielsen MO, Jakobsen K. Changes in mammary uptake of free fatty acids, triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid in relation to milk synthesis during lactation in goats. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART A, PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 109:857-67. [PMID: 7828028 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL) and phospholipids (PL) was measured in both mammary glands of dairy goats during lactation. Arterial concentrations of TG, CHOL and PL as well as arterio-venous difference (AV) and extraction rate (E) for TG were highest in goats with the highest dietary feed intake. AV were linearly related to arterial concentrations for the four lipid classes, and arterial concentrations of CHOL were linearly related to output of lactose, protein and fat in milk. Arterial supply, and not mammary synthetic activity, is the main determinant of mammary FFA, TG and CHOL uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Nielsen
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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