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Metzger FL, Auer T, Helms G, Paulus W, Frahm J, Sommer M, Neef NE. Shifted dynamic interactions between subcortical nuclei and inferior frontal gyri during response preparation in persistent developmental stuttering. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:165-182. [PMID: 28741037 PMCID: PMC5772149 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Persistent developmental stuttering is associated with basal ganglia dysfunction or dopamine dysregulation. Here, we studied whole-brain functional connectivity to test how basal ganglia structures coordinate and reorganize sensorimotor brain networks in stuttering. To this end, adults who stutter and fluent speakers (control participants) performed a response anticipation paradigm in the MRI scanner. The preparation of a manual Go/No-Go response reliably produced activity in the basal ganglia and thalamus and particularly in the substantia nigra. Strikingly, in adults who stutter, substantia nigra activity correlated positively with stuttering severity. Furthermore, functional connectivity analyses yielded altered task-related network formations in adults who stutter compared to fluent speakers. Specifically, in adults who stutter, the globus pallidus and the thalamus showed increased network synchronization with the inferior frontal gyrus. This implies dynamic shifts in the response preparation-related network organization through the basal ganglia in the context of a non-speech motor task in stuttering. Here we discuss current findings in the traditional framework of how D1 and D2 receptor activity shapes focused movement selection, thereby suggesting a disproportional involvement of the direct and the indirect pathway in stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luise Metzger
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Auer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Sommer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole E Neef
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ning N, Peng D, Liu X, Yang S. Speech Timing Deficit of Stuttering: Evidence from Contingent Negative Variations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168836. [PMID: 28068353 PMCID: PMC5221803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the speech preparation processes of adults who stutter (AWS). Fifteen AWS and fifteen adults with fluent speech (AFS) participated in the experiment. The event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a foreperiod paradigm. The warning signal (S1) was a color square, and the following imperative stimulus (S2) was either a white square (the Go signal that required participants to name the color of S1) or a white dot (the NoGo signal that prevents participants from speaking). Three differences were found between AWS and AFS. First, the mean amplitude of the ERP component parietal positivity elicited by S1 (S1-P3) was smaller in AWS than in AFS, which implies that AWS may have deficits in investing working memory on phonological programming. Second, the topographic shift from the early phase to the late phase of contingent negative variation occurred earlier for AWS than for AFS, thus suggesting that the motor preparation process is promoted in AWS. Third, the NoGo effect in the ERP component parietal positivity elicited by S2 (S2-P3) was larger for AFS than for AWS, indicating that AWS have difficulties in inhibiting a planned speech response. These results provide a full picture of the speech preparation and response inhibition processes of AWS. The relationship among these three findings is discussed. However, as stuttering was not manipulated in this study, it is still unclear whether the effects are the causes or the results of stuttering. Further studies are suggested to explore the relationship between stuttering and the effects found in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ning
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Danling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiang Su, China
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Mersov AM, Jobst C, Cheyne DO, De Nil L. Sensorimotor Oscillations Prior to Speech Onset Reflect Altered Motor Networks in Adults Who Stutter. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:443. [PMID: 27642279 PMCID: PMC5009120 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adults who stutter (AWS) have demonstrated atypical coordination of motor and sensory regions during speech production. Yet little is known of the speech-motor network in AWS in the brief time window preceding audible speech onset. The purpose of the current study was to characterize neural oscillations in the speech-motor network during preparation for and execution of overt speech production in AWS using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Twelve AWS and 12 age-matched controls were presented with 220 words, each word embedded in a carrier phrase. Controls were presented with the same word list as their matched AWS participant. Neural oscillatory activity was localized using minimum-variance beamforming during two time periods of interest: speech preparation (prior to speech onset) and speech execution (following speech onset). Compared to controls, AWS showed stronger beta (15–25 Hz) suppression in the speech preparation stage, followed by stronger beta synchronization in the bilateral mouth motor cortex. AWS also recruited the right mouth motor cortex significantly earlier in the speech preparation stage compared to controls. Exaggerated motor preparation is discussed in the context of reduced coordination in the speech-motor network of AWS. It is further proposed that exaggerated beta synchronization may reflect a more strongly inhibited motor system that requires a stronger beta suppression to disengage prior to speech initiation. These novel findings highlight critical differences in the speech-motor network of AWS that occur prior to speech onset and emphasize the need to investigate further the speech-motor assembly in the stuttering population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Mersov
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia Jobst
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas O Cheyne
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luc De Nil
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vanhoutte S, Santens P, Cosyns M, van Mierlo P, Batens K, Corthals P, De Letter M, Van Borsel J. Increased motor preparation activity during fluent single word production in DS: A correlate for stuttering frequency and severity. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:1-10. [PMID: 26004061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vanhoutte S, Van Borsel J, Cosyns M, Batens K, van Mierlo P, Hemelsoet D, Van Roost D, Corthals P, De Letter M, Santens P. CNV amplitude as a neural correlate for stuttering frequency: A case report of acquired stuttering. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:349-59. [PMID: 25281310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A neural hallmark of developmental stuttering is abnormal articulatory programming. One of the neurophysiological substrates of articulatory preparation is the contingent negative variation (CNV). Unfortunately, CNV tasks are rarely performed in persons who stutter and mainly focus on the effect of task variation rather than on interindividual variation in stutter related variables. However, variations in motor programming seem to be related to variation in stuttering frequency. The current study presents a case report of acquired stuttering following stroke and stroke related surgery in the left superior temporal gyrus. A speech related CNV task was administered at four points in time with differences in stuttering severity and frequency. Unexpectedly, CNV amplitudes at electrode sites approximating bilateral motor and left inferior frontal gyrus appeared to be inversely proportional to stuttering frequency. The higher the stuttering frequency, the lower the activity for articulatory preparation. Thus, the amount of disturbance in motor programming seems to determine stuttering frequency. At right frontal electrodes, a relative increase in CNV amplitude was seen at the test session with most severe stuttering. Right frontal overactivation is cautiously suggested to be a compensation strategy. In conclusion, late CNV amplitude elicited by a relatively simple speech task seems to be able to provide an objective, neural correlate of stuttering frequency. The present case report supports the hypothesis that motor preparation has an important role in stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vanhoutte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Borsel
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Veiga de Almeida University, Rua Ibituruna, 108, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marjan Cosyns
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Katja Batens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185,1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of physical therapy and motor rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pieter van Mierlo
- MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University - iMINDS Medical IT Department, Ghent University Hospital De Pintelaan 185, 5-Blok B, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dimitri Hemelsoet
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185,1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Van Roost
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 4K12E, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Surgery, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K12E, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paul Corthals
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185,1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185,1K12A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Real-time processing in picture naming in adults who stutter: ERP evidence. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:284-96. [PMID: 24910149 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare real-time language/cognitive processing in picture naming in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA). METHODS Participants named pictures preceded by masked prime words. Primes and target picture labels were identical or mismatched. Priming effects on naming and picture-elicited ERP activity were analyzed. Vocabulary knowledge correlations with these measures were assessed. RESULTS Priming improved naming RTs and accuracy in both groups. RTs were longer for AWS, and correlated positively with receptive vocabulary in TFA. Electrophysiologically, posterior-P1 amplitude negatively correlated with expressive vocabulary in TFA versus receptive vocabulary in AWS. Frontal/temporal-P1 amplitude correlated positively with expressive vocabulary in AWS. Identity priming enhanced frontal/posterior-N2 amplitude in both groups, and attenuated P280 amplitude in AWS. N400 priming was topographically-restricted in AWS. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that conceptual knowledge was perceptually-grounded in expressive vocabulary in TFA versus receptive vocabulary in AWS. Poorer expressive vocabulary in AWS was potentially associated with greater suppression of irrelevant conceptual information. Priming enhanced N2-indexed cognitive control and visual attention in both groups. P280-indexed focal attention attenuated with priming in AWS only. Topographically-restricted N400 priming suggests that lemma/word form connections were weaker in AWS. SIGNIFICANCE Real-time language/cognitive processing in picture naming operates differently in AWS.
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Achim A, Braun CMJ, Collin I. Event-Related Potentials Distinguish Fluent and Stuttered Speech. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10874200802126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Walla P, Mayer D, Deecke L, Thurner S. The lack of focused anticipation of verbal information in stutterers: a magnetoencephalographic study. Neuroimage 2004; 22:1321-7. [PMID: 15219604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The motivation of this work was to investigate stuttering--a disorder of speech motor control--in the light of preparatory neural activity of voluntary movements related to speech. To this end, brain activity was recorded with a whole cortex magnetoencephalograph (MEG) in developmental stutterers and nonstutterers while three different tasks of single-word reading were performed. Visually presented words had to be silently read immediately after word presentation (condition 1), spoken aloud immediately after word presentation (condition 2), or spoken aloud after a delay of 1.3 s as indicated by a second visual stimulus (condition 3). Condition 2 clearly showed marked neurophysiological differences between stutterers and nonstutterers. Only nonstutterers showed clear neural activity before speech onset, which is interpreted as being linked to visual word presentation and to reflect focused verbal anticipation. This prespeech activity might reflect the "Bereitschaftsfeld2" (BF2) that is the later component of the "Bereitschaftsfeld", a well-known preparatory activity described for many other voluntary movements. Our results strongly link the lack of such preparatory brain activity at the single-word level to the disability of fluent speech in stutterers. The present results strongly support the notion that stuttering is related to impaired focused attention or anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walla
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography, Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Ingham RJ, Fox PT, Costello Ingham J, Zamarripa F. Is overt stuttered speech a prerequisite for the neural activations associated with chronic developmental stuttering? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2000; 75:163-194. [PMID: 11049665 DOI: 10.1006/brln.2000.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four adult right-handed chronic stutterers and four age-matched controls completed H(2)(15)O PET scans involving overt and imagined oral reading tasks. During overt stuttered speech prominent activations occurred in SMA (medial), BA 46 (right), anterior insula (bilateral), and cerebellum (bilateral) plus deactivations in right A2 (BA 21/22). These activations and deactivations also occurred when the same stutterers imagined they were stuttering. Some parietal regions were significantly activated during imagined stuttering, but not during overt stuttering. Most regional activations changed in the same direction when overt stuttering ceased (during chorus reading) and when subjects imagined that they were not stuttering (also during chorus reading). Controls displayed fewer similarities between regional activations and deactivations during actual and imagined oral reading. Thus overt stuttering appears not to be a prerequisite for the prominent regional activations and deactivations associated with stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Ingham
- University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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van Lieshout PH, Hulstijn W, Peters HF. Speech production in people who stutter: testing the motor plan assembly hypothesis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1996; 39:76-92. [PMID: 8820700 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.3901.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that persons who stutter, when compared to persons who do not stutter, are less able to assemble abstract motor plans for short verbal responses. Subjects were adult males who stutter and age- and sex-matched control speakers, who were tested on naming pictures and words, using a choice-reaction time paradigm for both tasks. Words varied in the number of syllables (1, 2, and 3 syllables) and, for the bisyllabic words, also in the number of consonants (one or more) at the onset of the second syllable. Measurements consisted of speech reaction times, word durations, and measures of relative timing of specific motor events in the respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory subsystems. Results indicated that, in spite of longer speech reaction times for persons who stutter in comparison to control speakers, there was no interaction with word size, a finding that does not lend support to the abovementioned hypothesis. Word durations were found to be longer for persons who stutter, and, in addition, there was an interaction of group with word size. Both findings were associated with longer delays for persons who stutter in the onset of upper lip integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity and thoracic compression, and a group effect on the order of upper lip and lower lip IEMG onset. Findings are taken to suggest the possibility that persons who stutter may use different motor control strategies to compensate for a reduced verbal motor skill, and although the nature of this reduced skill is unknown, it is speculated that it relates to the processes involved in the integration of sensory-motor information.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H van Lieshout
- Nijmegen Institute of Cognition and Information, The Netherlands.
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