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Nguyen LTD, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, Kim J. The interaction between magnesium intake, the genetic variant INSR rs1799817 and colorectal cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:396-406. [PMID: 38389245 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2314678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium may have a significant impact on the development of cancer. However, the relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association between magnesium intake and the risk of CRC, and we investigated how the insulin receptor (INSR) rs1799817 variant impacts this relationship. Data from 1,420 CRC patients and 2,840 controls from the Korean National Cancer Centre were analysed. A higher intake of magnesium was associated with a reduced risk of CRC in the total population (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.81). We found that G + carriers of INSR rs1799817 with higher magnesium intake had a significantly lower risk of CRC (p for interaction = 0.003). Our findings indicated that high magnesium intake could be associated with a decreased risk of CRC, and this association could be modified by the INSR rs1799817 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Dieu Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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You HJ, Cho SE, Kang SG, Cho SJ, Na KS. Decreased serum magnesium levels in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:534-541. [PMID: 30444158 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1538388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg2+), an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has received increased attention recently because of its role in the pathophysiology of and treatment response in depression. However, whether Mg2+ level is decreased in depression is not firmly established. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to help making consensus for the association between Mg2+ levels and depression. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the electronic database resources PubMed and Embase. After a careful selection of relevant studies, a meta-analysis using the random effects model was conducted in each measuring source, such as serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in this study. Among 11 studies that measured Mg2+ in the serum, Mg2+ level was lower in patients with depression than in controls (weighted mean difference = -.088, 95% confidence interval = -.164 to -.012). In the sensitivity analysis by removing studies one by one, 2 out of the 11 studies obliterated such significant differences. There were no significant differences in the Mg2+ levels in the studies for plasma and CSF. CONCLUSIONS Despite some evidence supporting an association between decreased Mg2+ levels and depression from studies with serum, the results of our meta-analysis urge to use caution when associating Mg2+ levels and depression. Future studies are needed to establish a consensus for the role of low Mg2+ levels in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju You
- a Department of Psychiatry , Dongmin Psychiatric Clinic , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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3
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Role of glutamate receptors and glial cells in the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:117-26. [PMID: 27046518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) causes substantial socioeconomic burden. Although a consensus on the definition of TRD has not yet been reached, it is certain that classic monoaminergic antidepressants are ineffective for TRD. One decade ago, many researchers found ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, to be an alternative to classic monoaminergic antidepressants. The major mechanisms of action of ketamine rapidly induce synaptogenesis in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway. Although excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission and consequent excitotoxicity were considered a major cause of TRD, recent evidence suggests that the extrasynaptic glutamatergic receptor signal pathway mainly contributes to the detrimental effects of TRD. Glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes, early life adversity, and glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction participate in complex cross-talk. An appropriate reuptake of glutamate at the astrocyte is crucial for preventing 'spill-over' of synaptic glutamate and binding to the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor. Excessive microglial activation and the inflammatory process cause astrocyte glutamatergic dysfunction, which in turn activates microglial function. Early life adversity and glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction result in vulnerability to stress in adulthood. A maladaptive response to stress leads to increased glutamatergic release and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which then activate microglia. However, since the role of inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines is not specific for depression, more disease-specific mechanisms should be identified. Last, although much research has focused on ketamine as an alternative antidepressant for TRD, its long-lasting effectiveness and adverse events have not been rigorously demonstrated. Additionally, evidence suggests that substantial brain abnormalities develop in ketamine abusers. Thus, more investigations for ketamine and other novel glutamatergic agents are needed.
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Zhu X, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Hibler EA, Cai Q, Long J, Chen Z, Li G, Jiang M, Hou L, Kabagambe EK, Zhang B, Smalley WE, Edwards TL, Giovannucci EL, Zheng W, Dai Q. Calcium/magnesium intake ratio, but not magnesium intake, interacts with genetic polymorphism in relation to colorectal neoplasia in a two-phase study. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1449-57. [PMID: 26333203 PMCID: PMC4775445 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some studies suggest that the calcium to magnesium ratio intakes modify the associations of calcium or magnesium with risk of colorectal adenoma, adenoma recurrence, and cancer. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a key role in the regulation of homeostasis for both calcium and magnesium. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in PTH and 13 other genes may modify the association between the calcium/magnesium intake ratio and colorectal neoplasia risk. We conducted a two-phase study including 1336 cases and 2891 controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. In Phase I, we identified 19 SNPs that significantly interacted with the calcium/magnesium intake ratio in adenoma risk. In Phase II, rs11022858 in PTH was replicated. In combined analysis of phases I and II, we found high calcium/magnesium intake ratio tended to be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma (P for trend, 0.040) among those who carried the TT genotype in rs11022858. In stratified analyses, calcium intake (≥ 1000 mg/d) was significantly associated with 64% reduced adenoma risk (OR = 0.36 (95% CI : 0.18-0.74)) among those homozygous for the minor allele (TT genotype) (P for trend, 0.012), but not associated with risk in other genotypes (CC/TC). Conversely, we found that highest magnesium intake was significantly associated with 27% reduced risk (OR = 0.73 (95% CI : 0.54-0.97)) of colorectal adenoma (P for trend, 0.026) among those who possessed the CC/TC genotypes, particularly among those with the TC genotype, whereas magnesium intake was not linked to risk among those with the TT genotype. These findings, if confirmed, will help for the development of personalized prevention strategies for colorectal cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lifang Hou
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Kaba M, Pirinççi N, Yüksel MB, Gecit İ, Güneş M, Demir M, Akkoyun H, Demir H. Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Patients with Testicular Cancers. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:1101-7. [PMID: 26742967 PMCID: PMC4756935 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trace elements are primary components of biological structures; however, they can be toxic when their concentrations are higher than those needed for biological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study serum levels of trace elements were measured in 30 patients (mean age was 26.9±11.2 years) newly diagnosed with germ cell testicular cancer and 32 healthy volunteers (mean age: 27.4±10.8) by using furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum samples were stored at-20ºC until assays. RESULTS In patients with germ cell testicular cancer, the diagnosis was seminoma in 15, mix germ cell tumor in 7, embryonal carcinoma in 4, yolk sac tumor in 2 and teratoma in 2 patients. There was stage I testicular tumor in 19 patients (63.3%) while stage II in 6 patients (20.0%), stage IIIA in 4 patients (13.3%) and stage IIIC in one patient (3.4%). It was found that serum Co, Cu, Mg and Pb levels were increased (p<0.05), whereas Fe, Mn, and Zn levels were decreased in patients with testicular cancer (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These alterations may be important in the pathogenesis of testicular cancers; however, further prospective studies are needed to identify the relationship between testicular cancer and trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Necip Pirinççi
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - İlhan Gecit
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güneş
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Murat Demir
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - HurremTuran Akkoyun
- Department of Veterinary and HealthSciences,Cicekdağı VocationalCollege, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scienceand Art,Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Kaba M, Pirincci N, Yuksel MB, Gecit I, Gunes M, Ozveren H, Eren H, Demir H. Serum levels of trace elements in patients with prostate cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2625-9. [PMID: 24761874 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements are major components of biological structures; however, excessive levels of these elements can be toxic. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, serum levels of trace elements were measured in 30 patients with newly diagnosed as prostate cancer and 32 healthy volunteer by using furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS It was found that there was an increase in serum levels of Co, Cu, Mg and Pb (p<0.05), whereas a decrease in serum levels of Fe, Mn, and Zn levels in patients with prostate cancer (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These changes may be important in the pathogenesis of prostate cancers; however, further prospective studies are needed to identify relationships between prostate cancer and trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey E-mail :
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Chen GC, Pang Z, Liu QF. Magnesium intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1182-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg). Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Ma E, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Sawada N, Takachi R, Tsugane S. High dietary intake of magnesium may decrease risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men. J Nutr 2010; 140:779-85. [PMID: 20164369 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium maintains genomic stability and is an essential cofactor for DNA synthesis and repair. Magnesium intake has been reported to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Western populations. This study examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium and CRC risk in Japanese men and women aged 45-74 y. Data from 40,830 men and 46,287 women, at the 5-y follow-up of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, who responded to a 138-item FFQ were used in this analysis. A total of 689 and 440 CRC events were observed during the mean follow-up of 7.9 and 8.3 y for men and women, respectively. When adjusted for potential confounders, the hazard ratio and 95% CI in the highest quintile of magnesium intake compared with the lowest quintile in men were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.40-1.03) for CRC (P-trend = 0.04), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26-0.89) for colon cancer (P-trend = 0.01), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.47-2.02) for rectal cancer (P-trend = 0.93). Borderline inverse associations were also observed in men who consumed alcohol regularly (P-trend = 0.07) or had a BMI <25 kg/m(2) (P-trend = 0.06). There were similar inverse associations for invasive colon cancer and distal colon cancer. There were no significant associations between magnesium intake and cancer risk in women. Higher dietary intake of magnesium may decrease the risk of CRC in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Ma
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Taché S, Parnaud G, Van Beek E, Corpet DE. Polyethylene glycol, unique among laxatives, suppresses aberrant crypt foci, by elimination of cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:730-6. [PMID: 16716974 PMCID: PMC2643349 DOI: 10.1080/00365520500380668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyethylene glycol (PEG), an osmotic laxative, is a potent inhibitor of colon cancer in rats. In a search for the underling mechanisms, the hypothesis that fecal bulking and moisture decrease colon carcinogenesis was tested. We also investigated the PEG effects on crypt cells in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fischer 344 rats (n=272) were injected with the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane. They were then randomized to a standard AIN76 diet containing one of 19 laxative agents (5% w/w in most cases): PEG 8000 and other PEG-like compounds, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium polyacrylate, calcium polycarbophil, karaya gum, psyllium, mannitol, sorbitol, lactulose, propylene glycol, magnesium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, bisacodyl, docusate, and paraffin oil. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and fecal values were measured blindly after a 30-day treatment regimen. Proliferation, apoptosis, and the removal of cells from crypts were studied in control and PEG-fed rats using various methods, including TUNEL and fluorescein dextran labeling. RESULTS PEG 8000 reduced the number of ACF 9-fold in rats (p<0.001). The other PEGs and magnesium hydroxide modestly suppressed ACF, but not the other laxatives. ACF number did not correlate with fecal weight or moisture. PEG doubled the apoptotic bodies per crypt (p<0.05), increased proliferation by 25-50% (p<0.05) and strikingly increased (>40-fold) a fecal marker of epitheliolysis in the gut (p<0.001). PEG normalized the percentage of fluorescein dextran labeled cells on the top of ACF (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among laxatives, only PEG afforded potent chemoprevention. PEG protection was not due to increased fecal bulking, but in all likelihood to the elimination of cells from precancerous lesions.
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Mori H, Niwa K, Zheng Q, Yamada Y, Sakata K, Yoshimi N. Cell proliferation in cancer prevention; effects of preventive agents on estrogen-related endometrial carcinogenesis model and on an in vitro model in human colorectal cells. Mutat Res 2001; 480-481:201-7. [PMID: 11506814 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogenes such as c-fos, c-jun and c-myc are known to relate to cell proliferation and differentiation. Some oriental herbal medicines like Glycyrrhizae radix or Juzen-taiho-to were found to suppress estradiol-17 beta (E2)-induced expression of c-fos/jun in uterine corpus and inhibited N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and E2-induced endometrial carcinogenesis in mice. It is suggested that the effects of such oriental drugs are exerted probably through suppression of estrogen-induced c-fos/jun expression and they are promising preventing agents for endometrial cancers. In the combined in vitro assay for cell proliferation (MTS assay) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in human colorectal cancer cells (Colo 320), a number of naturally occurring chemopreventive agents such as curcumin, quercetin, auraptene, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and indole-3-carbinol were shown to generate apoptosis as well as to inhibit cell proliferation. The results suggest a mode of action of these chemopreventive agents and also imply that such in vitro short term assay is useful for detection of new agents for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mori
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, Japan.
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Masaoka Y, Katoh O, Watanabe H. Inhibitory effects of crude salts on the induction and development of colonic aberrant crypt foci in F-344 rats given azoxymethane. Nutr Cancer 2001; 37:78-81. [PMID: 10965523 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc3701_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the modifying effects of dietary exposure to NaCl and four kinds of crude salts on the induction and development of aberrant crypt foci in Fischer 344 rats. A total of 57 male rats were divided into five groups at six weeks of age, and all were given weekly injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body wt s.c.) for three weeks. Group 1 was fed a normal diet throughout the experiment as control group. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed diets containing 4.4% pure NaCl, 4.4% cooking salt, 4.4% rock salt, and 4.4% beach salt, respectively, from one week before the first azoxymethane dosing. The mean numbers of aberrant crypt foci and aberrant crypts per colon were significantly lower in Groups 3-5 than in Group 1 (p < 0.01). The present results suggest that the other mineral components (e.g., calcium and magnesium) of these crude salts, rather than pure NaCl, may be chemopreventive agents for colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Masaoka
- Department of Environment and Mutation, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Abstract
Control of cell proliferation is important for cancer prevention since cell proliferation has essential roles in carcinogenesis including the process of initiation and promotion. In rodent models for carcinogenesis, especially those for the carcinogenesis in digestive organs such as colon, liver or oral cavity, chemopreventive agents suppress carcinogen-induced hyperproliferation of cells in the target organs during the initiation as well as the postinitiation phases. Therefore, effective agents usually suppress cell proliferation and inhibit the occurrence of malignant lesions. Availability of new biomarkers for cell proliferation, apoptosis or telomerase activity could be promising. By combining the use of intermediate biomarkers including premalignant lesions such as aberrant crypt foci in the colon or enzyme-altered foci in the liver and cell proliferation, short-term screening of effective chemopreventive agents will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mori
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu, Japan
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- First Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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15
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Mori H, Tanaka T, Sugie S, Yoshimi N, Kawamori T, Hirose Y, Ohnishi M. Chemoprevention by naturally occurring and synthetic agents in oral, liver, and large bowel carcinogenesis. J Cell Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(1997)27+<35::aid-jcb8>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Mori H, Kawamori T, Tanaka T, Ohnishi M, Yamahara J. Chemopreventive effect of costunolide, a constituent of oriental medicine, on azoxymethane-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Lett 1994; 83:171-5. [PMID: 8062212 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Modifying effects of costunolide, a constituent of oriental medicines, on intestinal carcinogenesis were examined in a rat model using azoxymethane (AOM). A total of 115 male F344 rats, 6 weeks old, were divided into four groups. Group 1 (30 rats) was fed a diet containing costunolide at a concentration of 0.02% for 4 weeks during which time three s.c. injections of AOM (15 mg/kg) were applied, and then kept on a basal diet until the end of the experiment (33 weeks). Group 2 (30 rats) was given AOM as in group 1 and fed the basal diet throughout, without costunolide. Group 3 (25 rats) was administered costunolide at the start of the experiment, but not given the carcinogen. Group 4 (30 rats) received the basal diet alone throughout the experiment and served as a control. Intestinal tumors were seen in groups 1 and 2, their incidence in group 1 (17%) being significantly lower than in group 2 (50%) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of aberrant crypt foci/cm2 of colon in rats of group 1 at the termination of the experiment was significantly smaller than in group 2 (P < 0.01). BrdU labelling indices of S-phase mucosal cells in the colon of rats in group 1 were significantly lower than those in group 2 (3.9 +/- 3.1 vs. 9.1 +/- 4.5, P < 0.005). The present results suggest that the natural sesquiterpene contained in plants which have been used as oriental drugs, could be a promising chemopreventive agent for human intestinal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mori
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Wang A, Yoshimi N, Tanaka T, Mori H. Inhibitory effects of magnesium hydroxide on c-myc expression and cell proliferation induced by methylazoxymethanol acetate in rat colon. Cancer Lett 1993; 75:73-8. [PMID: 7904896 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90190-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of magnesium hydroxide were examined on methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate-induced c-myc expression and cell proliferation of colonic mucosal epithelium in rats. Rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows: MAM acetate alone (25 mg/kg i.p. injection, five times, once a week for 5 weeks), MAM acetate and feeding of 0.2% magnesium hydroxide in diet, magnesium hydroxide alone and non-treatment. At 4, 8 and 16 weeks after the start of experiment, 10 rats in each group were sacrificed. Magnesium hydroxide inhibited the MAM-induced expression of c-myc proto-oncogene, and also suppressed the increased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labelling indexes induced by MAM acetate in colon mucosa in initiation and post-initiation phase. These results suggest that the anti-carcinogenic effect of magnesium hydroxide on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by MAM acetate may be related to the inhibition of the carcinogen-induced expression of c-myc proto-oncogene and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wang
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Poeggeler B, Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Chen LD, Manchester LC. Melatonin, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage, and aging: a hypothesis. J Pineal Res 1993; 14:151-68. [PMID: 8102180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1993.tb00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a very potent and efficient endogenous radical scavenger. The pineal indolamine reacts with the highly toxic hydroxyl radical and provides on-site protection against oxidative damage to biomolecules within every cellular compartment. Melatonin acts as a primary non-enzymatic antioxidative defense against the devastating actions of the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical. Melatonin and structurally related tryptophan metabolites are evolutionary conservative molecules principally involved in the prevention of oxidative stress in organisms as different as algae and rats. The rate of aging and the time of onset of age-related diseases in rodents can be retarded by the administration of melatonin or treatments that preserve the endogenous rhythm of melatonin formation. The release of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate enhances endogenous hydroxyl radical formation. The activation of central excitatory amino acid receptors suppress melatonin synthesis and is therefore accompanied by a reduced detoxification rate of hydroxyl radicals. Aged animals and humans are melatonin-deficient and more sensitive to oxidative stress. Experiments investigating the effects of endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonists and stimulants of melatonin biosynthesis such as magnesium may finally lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention of degeneration and dysdifferentiation associated with diseases related to premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Poeggeler
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762
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