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Miura H, Mizuguchi H, Amano-Iwashita M, Maeda-Kogure R, Negishi A, Sakai A, Toyama T, Kawai H, Mitsumoto A, Kudo N. Clofibric acid increases molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine containing arachidonic acid for biogenesis of peroxisomal membranes in peroxisome proliferation in the liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158963. [PMID: 33945875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of peroxisomes in relation to the trafficking of proteins to peroxisomes has been extensively examined. However, the supply of phospholipids, which is needed to generate peroxisomal membranes in mammals, remains unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated metabolic alterations induced by clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator, in the synthesis of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecular species, and their relationship with the biogenesis of peroxisomal membranes. The subcutaneous administration of clofibric acid to rats at a relatively low dose (130 mg/kg) once a day time-dependently and gradually increased the integrated perimeter of peroxisomes per 100 μm2 hepatocyte cytoplasm (PA). A strong correlation was observed between the content (μmol/mg DNA) of PE containing arachidonic acid (20:4) and PA (r2 = 0.9168). Moreover, the content of PE containing octadecenoic acid (18:1) positively correlated with PA (r2 = 0.8094). The treatment with clofibric acid markedly accelerated the formation of 16:0-20:4 PE by increasing the production of 20:4 and the activity of acyl chain remodeling of pre-existing PE molecular species. Increases in the acyl chain remodeling of PE by clofibric acid were mainly linked to the up-regulated expression of the Lpcat3 gene. On the other hand, clofibric acid markedly increased the formation of palmitic acid (16:0)-18:1 PE through de novo synthesis. These results suggest that the enhanced formation of particular PE molecular species is related to increases in the mass of peroxisomal membranes in peroxisome proliferation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miura
- Research and Development Laboratories, Maruho Co., 1 Awatacho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizuguchi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mino Amano-Iwashita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Rie Maeda-Kogure
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Akio Negishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakai
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Toyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Kudo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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Bourre JM, Dumont O, Clément M. Fatty acid alterations in liver peroxisomes from n-3-deficient mice. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2006; 50:214-8. [PMID: 16407648 DOI: 10.1159/000090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A diet deficient in n-3 fatty acids dramatically reduces docosahexaenoic acid (4.8-fold) and 20:5n-3 content in murine total peroxisomal phospholipids, and conversely increases 22:5n-6 (17.1-fold) and also, to a lesser extent, 20:4n-6. This was also found in purified phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. After changing the non-deficient diet (containing alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) to a deficient one (deficient in ALA), it took a very long time for docosahexaenoic acid concentration in peroxisomes to decline (>5 months). In contrast, after changing the deficient to a non-deficient diet, time to complete recovery was more rapid (3 weeks). Changes in 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 were generally stabilized within 2-4 weeks. Dietary n-3 fatty acids control the fatty acid composition of peroxisomal membranes, and thus possibly affect some of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Bourre
- INSERM U705, CNRS UMR 7157, Universités Paris 7 et 5, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
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Watkins SM, Zhu X, Zeisel SH. Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity and dietary choline regulate liver-plasma lipid flux and essential fatty acid metabolism in mice. J Nutr 2004; 133:3386-91. [PMID: 14608048 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) catalyzes the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to form phosphatidylcholine (PC) and represents one of the two major pathways for PC biosynthesis. Mice with a homozygous disruption of the PEMT gene are dependent on the 1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline) pathway for the synthesis of PC and develop severe liver steatosis when fed a diet deficient in choline. The present study used quantitative lipid metabolite profiling to characterize lipid metabolism in PEMT-deficient mice fed diets containing varying concentrations of choline. Choline supplementation restored liver, but not plasma PC concentrations of PEMT-deficient mice to levels commensurate with control mice. Choline supplementation also restored plasma triglyceride concentrations to normal levels, but did not restore plasma cholesterol ester concentrations in the PEMT-deficient mice to those equal to control mice. PEMT-deficient mice also had substantially diminished concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] in plasma, independent of choline status. Thus, choline supplementation rescued some but not all of the phenotypes induced by the knockout. These findings indicate that PEMT activity functions beyond its recognized role as a compensatory pathway for PC biosynthesis and that, in contrast, PEMT activity is involved in many physiologic processes including the flux of lipid between liver and plasma and the delivery of essential fatty acids to blood and peripheral tissues via the liver-derived lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Watkins
- Lipomics Technologies, Incorporated, West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA.
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Abstract
The ubiquitous distribution of peroxisomes and the identification of a number of inherited diseases associated with peroxisomal dysfunction indicate that peroxisomes play an essential part in cellular metabolism. Some of the most important metabolic functions of peroxisomes include the synthesis of plasmalogens, bile acids, cholesterol and dolichol, and the oxidation of fatty acids (very long chain fatty acids > C22, branched chain fatty acids (e.g. phytanic acid), dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, prostaglandins, pipecolic acid and glutaric acid). Peroxisomes are also responsible for the metabolism of purines, polyamines, amino acids, glyoxylate and reactive oxygen species (e.g. O-2 and H2O2). Peroxisomal diseases result from the dysfunction of one or more peroxisomal metabolic functions, the majority of which manifest as neurological abnormalities. The quantitation of peroxisomal metabolic functions (e.g. levels of specific metabolites and/or enzyme activity) has become the basis of clinical diagnosis of diseases associated with the organelle. The study of peroxisomal diseases has also contributed towards the further elucidation of a number of metabolic functions of peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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